Ruth Anita Shirley D - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
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Papers by Ruth Anita Shirley D
2021 Fifth International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC), 2021
Wideband spectrum sensing is performed by developed by employing multiple low-rate sampler in a M... more Wideband spectrum sensing is performed by developed by employing multiple low-rate sampler in a Multirate asynchronous sub-Nyquist sampling (MASS) system. Due to the low sampling rate, this approach is best suited for cognitive radio networks. Robustness during time synchronization issues, energy efficient data sensing and low complexity implementation are the key advantages of MASS. In synchronous and asynchronous samplers, implementation of spectrum sensing can be performed with recovery performance for energy detection. The performance of spectrum sensing can be improved by increasing the sampling branches. MASS utilizes sub-Nyquist sampling. Disadvantages of Nyquist sampling are High sampling rate, high energy cost, high implementation complexity, so sub-Nyquist sampling will be considered. Advantages of sub Nyquist sampling are low sampling rate, probability of overlapping of signal is less, low signal acquisition cost. Parameters like log-normal fading channels, Rayleigh fading, fading conditions for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), SNR levels, at different levels of sparsity, the detection probability vs possibility of false alarm are used for measurement of performance. In future MASS is combined with OFDM, to be called as multi carrier MASS and performance measures are evaluated. The paper presents sufficient conditions to uniquely recover the full spectrum by using compressive sensing theory.
Power Stringent Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) design is very much essential in embedded syst... more Power Stringent Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) design is very much essential in embedded systems such as biomedical implants, automotive electronics and energy harvesting devices in which battery life, input power and execution delay are of main concern. With reduced supply voltage, SRAM cell design will go through severe stability issues. In this paper, we present a highly stable average nT SRAM cell for ultra-low power in 125nm technology. The distinct difference between the proposed technique and other conventional methods is about the data independent leakage in the read bit line which is achieved by newly introduced block mask transistors. An average 6.5T SRAM and average 8T SRAM are designed and compared with 6T SRAM, 8T SRAM, 9T SRAM, 10T SRAM and 14T SRAM cells. The result indicates that there is an appreciable decrease in power consumption and delay.
A bountiful of adders has been designed over the years in order to simplify the multiplication wi... more A bountiful of adders has been designed over the years in order to simplify the multiplication with various improvements. A comparison of Complementary Pass Transistor Logic and Shannon Adder and Gate-Diffusion Input has been performed to determine the latter adder as the optimised one in terms of power consumption and area. This adder is then implemented in three types of multiplies: Array multiplier, Wallace-tree multiplier and Modified Baugh-Wooley multiplier. The modified Baugh-Wooley multiplier is more advantages than the other two multipliers due to reduction in latency caused while passing the partial products from one adder to the other. A comparison table of the power consumed by the three multipliers is draw and it is found that the Baugh-Wooley multiplier utilizes less amount of power than the rest. This paper presents the power consumption comparisons and delay of various designs of multipliers.
2021 5th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS), 2021
This research is an attempt to optimize web content in the m-flight environment. It provides the ... more This research is an attempt to optimize web content in the m-flight environment. It provides the design and implementation of a travel booking system based on a paperless mobile network that can be delivered via QR codes. This article implements a web page that can be accessed through a mobile device browser. The site will provide travel schedules for all company flights and an online reservation system that will allow customers to purchase tickets electronically with a valid debit/credit card and have access to web applications via the Internet. In this project, QR codes are used to monitor and update passengers' luggage in this system. The airport department can easily obtain passenger information using QR codes. At the same time, at the airport, separate QR codes were assigned to store products, indicating that the QR codes can be used to easily track the available locations and owner of products.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2021
A reliable and secure routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks should be easy to maintain, r... more A reliable and secure routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks should be easy to maintain, reliable and cost-efficient. In this paper, we propose a hybrid routing algorithm using Ant Colony Optimization and Minimum Hop Count scheme. The proposed hybrid methodology provides an optimal routing path that ensures balanced and minimal energy consumption. The hybrid algorithm is unique in maintaining network topology, balancing network load and searching for the optimal route. The proposed algorithm with the WSN model is implemented in C++ and the simulation output proves our algorithm to outperform other similar routing algorithms.The proposed work indicates animprovement in network lifetime, success rate in finding the best solution and rate of convergence. The existing techniques are reviewed and their strengths and weaknesses are diagnosed and compared with our proposed hybrid methodology that integrates the strengths of both the algorithms.
Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 2020
The proposed work outlines the architecture and implementation of an autonomous style of gardenin... more The proposed work outlines the architecture and implementation of an autonomous style of gardening, which operates by itself with the support of autonomous robots. The robot operates inside the garden with the help of sensors to monitor and maintain a database of the plants such as soil content, nutrients, environmental conditions and fruits location. In this paper, the architecture of the system along with experimental results for object recognition, navigation, and manipulation is presented and discussed. The work is carried out using cherry tomatoes which are fitted with sensors to keep track of the plant’s well-being. The proposed work reduces manual labour and increases the efficiency of the system.
Automotive Embedded Systems, 2021
Drunken driving and juvenile driving are the root causes of accidents on the road. The aim of thi... more Drunken driving and juvenile driving are the root causes of accidents on the road. The aim of this book chapter is to put an end to the cause of such accidents, with the use of an IoT-enabled smart automobile by preventing drunken and juvenile drivers from accessing the automobile. A survey highlights that between 2008 and 2017, drunken driving and use of drugs has led to 211,405 accidents across India resulting in the death of 76,446 people. Data also indicates that 2317 juvenile drivers died in accidents during the year 2018. Our solution is to curb the problem at the root, by preventing the driver from accessing the automobile when they are in an intoxicated state or are juvenile. A graphene sensor is fitted on the steering wheel of the automobile. The driver will have to blow air on the sensor; depending on the result, the driver will be given access/denied permission to start the automobile. A fingerprint sensor will also be installed along the rims of the wheel which in turn will fetch data from the cloud and check the age of the driver who is driving once every 30 min. The graphene sensor and the fingerprint sensor are interfaced with the Microcontroller FRDM-K64F which is linked to the cloud-stored database. When the graphene sensor and the fingerprint sensor give permission, the automobile can be started and driven.
2014 International Conference on Embedded Systems (ICES), 2014
As part of the gating technique, the power switches are used to decrease/reduce the leakage power... more As part of the gating technique, the power switches are used to decrease/reduce the leakage power of a design. Accurate diagnosis of the power switches remains a subject of hidden knowledge that is barely brought to the limelight. The proposed diagnosis method aims to effectively test the power switches. The method is based on segmentation of the power switches to accurately diagnose the presence of any faulty power switches. Validation is made with the help of T-SPICE simulation. Diagnosis is a systematic process to distinctively find the flaw causing malfunction in the design. The fine grain and coarse grain models are examined to find the one that best suits power consumption for further testing. Recent research has reported a number of DFT solutions to test power switches when considering the two possible types of faults: stuck-short and stuck-open. We propose an efficient diagnosis method for power switches using a set of test vectors. Using a coarse-grain style of design, we demonstrate how to divide power switches into segments requiring minimum hardware overhead to achieve high diagnosis accuracy. The proposed approach differs from the other techniques which simulate logic circuit delay at scan or primary outputs to diagnose as well as test the power-switches.
Integration of Renewable Energy Sources with Smart Grid, 2021
2021 Fifth International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC), 2021
Wideband spectrum sensing is performed by developed by employing multiple low-rate sampler in a M... more Wideband spectrum sensing is performed by developed by employing multiple low-rate sampler in a Multirate asynchronous sub-Nyquist sampling (MASS) system. Due to the low sampling rate, this approach is best suited for cognitive radio networks. Robustness during time synchronization issues, energy efficient data sensing and low complexity implementation are the key advantages of MASS. In synchronous and asynchronous samplers, implementation of spectrum sensing can be performed with recovery performance for energy detection. The performance of spectrum sensing can be improved by increasing the sampling branches. MASS utilizes sub-Nyquist sampling. Disadvantages of Nyquist sampling are High sampling rate, high energy cost, high implementation complexity, so sub-Nyquist sampling will be considered. Advantages of sub Nyquist sampling are low sampling rate, probability of overlapping of signal is less, low signal acquisition cost. Parameters like log-normal fading channels, Rayleigh fading, fading conditions for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), SNR levels, at different levels of sparsity, the detection probability vs possibility of false alarm are used for measurement of performance. In future MASS is combined with OFDM, to be called as multi carrier MASS and performance measures are evaluated. The paper presents sufficient conditions to uniquely recover the full spectrum by using compressive sensing theory.
Power Stringent Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) design is very much essential in embedded syst... more Power Stringent Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) design is very much essential in embedded systems such as biomedical implants, automotive electronics and energy harvesting devices in which battery life, input power and execution delay are of main concern. With reduced supply voltage, SRAM cell design will go through severe stability issues. In this paper, we present a highly stable average nT SRAM cell for ultra-low power in 125nm technology. The distinct difference between the proposed technique and other conventional methods is about the data independent leakage in the read bit line which is achieved by newly introduced block mask transistors. An average 6.5T SRAM and average 8T SRAM are designed and compared with 6T SRAM, 8T SRAM, 9T SRAM, 10T SRAM and 14T SRAM cells. The result indicates that there is an appreciable decrease in power consumption and delay.
A bountiful of adders has been designed over the years in order to simplify the multiplication wi... more A bountiful of adders has been designed over the years in order to simplify the multiplication with various improvements. A comparison of Complementary Pass Transistor Logic and Shannon Adder and Gate-Diffusion Input has been performed to determine the latter adder as the optimised one in terms of power consumption and area. This adder is then implemented in three types of multiplies: Array multiplier, Wallace-tree multiplier and Modified Baugh-Wooley multiplier. The modified Baugh-Wooley multiplier is more advantages than the other two multipliers due to reduction in latency caused while passing the partial products from one adder to the other. A comparison table of the power consumed by the three multipliers is draw and it is found that the Baugh-Wooley multiplier utilizes less amount of power than the rest. This paper presents the power consumption comparisons and delay of various designs of multipliers.
2021 5th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS), 2021
This research is an attempt to optimize web content in the m-flight environment. It provides the ... more This research is an attempt to optimize web content in the m-flight environment. It provides the design and implementation of a travel booking system based on a paperless mobile network that can be delivered via QR codes. This article implements a web page that can be accessed through a mobile device browser. The site will provide travel schedules for all company flights and an online reservation system that will allow customers to purchase tickets electronically with a valid debit/credit card and have access to web applications via the Internet. In this project, QR codes are used to monitor and update passengers' luggage in this system. The airport department can easily obtain passenger information using QR codes. At the same time, at the airport, separate QR codes were assigned to store products, indicating that the QR codes can be used to easily track the available locations and owner of products.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2021
A reliable and secure routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks should be easy to maintain, r... more A reliable and secure routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks should be easy to maintain, reliable and cost-efficient. In this paper, we propose a hybrid routing algorithm using Ant Colony Optimization and Minimum Hop Count scheme. The proposed hybrid methodology provides an optimal routing path that ensures balanced and minimal energy consumption. The hybrid algorithm is unique in maintaining network topology, balancing network load and searching for the optimal route. The proposed algorithm with the WSN model is implemented in C++ and the simulation output proves our algorithm to outperform other similar routing algorithms.The proposed work indicates animprovement in network lifetime, success rate in finding the best solution and rate of convergence. The existing techniques are reviewed and their strengths and weaknesses are diagnosed and compared with our proposed hybrid methodology that integrates the strengths of both the algorithms.
Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 2020
The proposed work outlines the architecture and implementation of an autonomous style of gardenin... more The proposed work outlines the architecture and implementation of an autonomous style of gardening, which operates by itself with the support of autonomous robots. The robot operates inside the garden with the help of sensors to monitor and maintain a database of the plants such as soil content, nutrients, environmental conditions and fruits location. In this paper, the architecture of the system along with experimental results for object recognition, navigation, and manipulation is presented and discussed. The work is carried out using cherry tomatoes which are fitted with sensors to keep track of the plant’s well-being. The proposed work reduces manual labour and increases the efficiency of the system.
Automotive Embedded Systems, 2021
Drunken driving and juvenile driving are the root causes of accidents on the road. The aim of thi... more Drunken driving and juvenile driving are the root causes of accidents on the road. The aim of this book chapter is to put an end to the cause of such accidents, with the use of an IoT-enabled smart automobile by preventing drunken and juvenile drivers from accessing the automobile. A survey highlights that between 2008 and 2017, drunken driving and use of drugs has led to 211,405 accidents across India resulting in the death of 76,446 people. Data also indicates that 2317 juvenile drivers died in accidents during the year 2018. Our solution is to curb the problem at the root, by preventing the driver from accessing the automobile when they are in an intoxicated state or are juvenile. A graphene sensor is fitted on the steering wheel of the automobile. The driver will have to blow air on the sensor; depending on the result, the driver will be given access/denied permission to start the automobile. A fingerprint sensor will also be installed along the rims of the wheel which in turn will fetch data from the cloud and check the age of the driver who is driving once every 30 min. The graphene sensor and the fingerprint sensor are interfaced with the Microcontroller FRDM-K64F which is linked to the cloud-stored database. When the graphene sensor and the fingerprint sensor give permission, the automobile can be started and driven.
2014 International Conference on Embedded Systems (ICES), 2014
As part of the gating technique, the power switches are used to decrease/reduce the leakage power... more As part of the gating technique, the power switches are used to decrease/reduce the leakage power of a design. Accurate diagnosis of the power switches remains a subject of hidden knowledge that is barely brought to the limelight. The proposed diagnosis method aims to effectively test the power switches. The method is based on segmentation of the power switches to accurately diagnose the presence of any faulty power switches. Validation is made with the help of T-SPICE simulation. Diagnosis is a systematic process to distinctively find the flaw causing malfunction in the design. The fine grain and coarse grain models are examined to find the one that best suits power consumption for further testing. Recent research has reported a number of DFT solutions to test power switches when considering the two possible types of faults: stuck-short and stuck-open. We propose an efficient diagnosis method for power switches using a set of test vectors. Using a coarse-grain style of design, we demonstrate how to divide power switches into segments requiring minimum hardware overhead to achieve high diagnosis accuracy. The proposed approach differs from the other techniques which simulate logic circuit delay at scan or primary outputs to diagnose as well as test the power-switches.
Integration of Renewable Energy Sources with Smart Grid, 2021