Drago Sever - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Drago Sever

Thermal Science

Most of the air pollution originates from combustion processes, whereby traffic is one of the mos... more Most of the air pollution originates from combustion processes, whereby traffic is one of the most important sources. Road traffic is one of the leading factors of pollution, so determining its contribution to pollution and overall emissions is very important. This study is a tool to develop a calculus method to determine the specific and annual emissions from road transport. The estimation was carried out using the methodology developed for combustion analysis. The study was based on vehicle fleet composition, fuel, and engine data, which represented the input for the combustion process simulation, while the output was combustion products. The following gases (chemical species) were included in the analysis: carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOX). In the end, the specific emission factors, as well as bulk emission factors for urban and open road transport were derived. The results showed good agreement with the results of other authors.

Based on the fact that no rules of design the main roads through the urban areas exist in Sloveni... more Based on the fact that no rules of design the main roads through the urban areas exist in Slovenia, such infrastructures were built on the criteria of relevant capacity (normally wide and narrow multi or single lane roads). With the goal to guarantee the quality of life and traffic safety (decrease of average speed in urban areas) traffic calming measures were needed. In most cases in urban areas speed humps and platforms were installed, which effectively slow down the speed, but on the other hand massive increase ground-borne vibrations, produced by vehicles passing over these “road irregularities”. In many countries, such devices have been the subject of careful investigations (in order to assess their effectiveness and doubtfulness) and this has resulted in a number of modifications (improvements) in the design to improve their performance. On the contrary, no systematic studies have been carried out for speed humps and platforms in residential areas in Slovenia. The paper presen...

Journal of maritime research, 2013

This article aims to determine the development (rate) of maritime container ports in a case invol... more This article aims to determine the development (rate) of maritime container ports in a case involving transatlantic container transport in order to ascertain a model of container flows between container terminals in the United States and container terminals in Western and Northern Europe. The model proposed by the authors is made using the following eight key elements: transport infrastructure and suprastructure, influence of the intelligent information system, economic growth, transport ecology, transport flows, innovations and safety and security and transport energy. The research builds mainly upon empirical data analysis.

From its theoretical and practical point of view, traffic is one of the fundamental factors of th... more From its theoretical and practical point of view, traffic is one of the fundamental factors of the economy in a state. In the developed European countries, a rational production of transport selvices is presented by multimodal transport and the correct selection of a logistic operator. The aim of multimodal fI'ansport is to link together different forms of traffic in the most effective way, as well as all operations considering transport. The logistic operator is the only professional to peljorm complete services in multimodal transport, therefore it was necesany to enable its further development and, in accordance with that, to suggest suitable solutions. An increase of the existing and the creation of new traffic currents can only be achieved with the development of multimodal transport, the correct selection of logistic operator and better organisation of the traffic system. In the future, the Republic of Slovenia should continue developing multimodal transport in order to de...

Tehnicki vjesnik - Technical Gazette, Oct 1, 2018

On-line response dynamic traffic management system (DTMS) seems to be the key solution for resolv... more On-line response dynamic traffic management system (DTMS) seems to be the key solution for resolving many and the most important traffic problems in urban areas. Commonly used on-line response DTMS consists of on-road equipment (detectors, variable message signs etc.) and computer aided system. Such a system is generally installed in world metropolis with huge traffic loads that cannot be managed without it. The paper focuses on the real meaning of DTMS, possibilities of its usage in a medium size urban area, its purpose and expected consequences. Our experiment is based on the existing and verified traffic model of the City centre of Maribor, where different micro simulation scenarios were analysed. The main differences between non-response and on-line response traffic management systems are shown. In addition, their functionality and efficiency by resolving the possible traffic problem (unexpected traffic accident at the neutral point of the network) are represented.

Promet-traffic & Transportation, 2005

From its theoretical and practical point of view, traffic is one of the fundamental factors of th... more From its theoretical and practical point of view, traffic is one of the fundamental factors of the economy in a state. In the developed European countries, a rational production of transport se1vices is presented by multimodal transport and the correct selection of a logistic operator. The aim of multimodal transport is to link together different forms of traffic in the most effective way, as well as all operations considering transport. The logistic operator is the only professional to pe1Jorm complele services in multimodal transport, therefore it was necesany to enable its further development and, in accordance with that, to suggest suitable solutions. An increase of the existing and the creation of new traffic cwTents can only be achieved with the development of multimodaltransport, the correct selection of logistic operator and better organisation of the traffic system. In the future, the Republic of Slovenia should continue developing multi modal transport in order to decrease the differences in forms of transport in the developed European countries in the shortest time possible. The main task of the Republic of Slovenia is to integrate into the European flows as soon as possible, engage in a reciprocal cooperation by liberalization of flows of commodities and services, and create conditions for the inflow of foreign capital where all advantages of multimodal transport come into consideration. The result of the research is a model of multimodal transport logistic operator connecting the basic elements of that transport.

PROMET - Traffic&Transportation, 2009

The introduction of contemporary procedures to fleet managementprocesses has recently changed the... more The introduction of contemporary procedures to fleet managementprocesses has recently changed the work planning andsupervision of driver's work activities. Tendencies to control theimplementation of driver's work have been present in modemprofessional practice for quite a long time; however, the equipmentavailable on the market limited its implementation. Theintensified development of digital tachographs has, in technicalterms, ensured such equipment considerably before the legislativegroundwork was prepared for its practical implementation.The Commission Regulation (EC) No. 561!2006 (implementationof Social legislation relating to Road Transport) does notbring any essential novelties in terms of permitted workload.Consistent monitoring of drivers activities, made possible bydigital tachographs, will have impact on the existing workingmethods. The topic of the present paper is in deep analysis ofthe impact of the mentioned regulation with special emphasison the conditions fo...

PROMET - Traffic&Transportation, 2012

The paper is based on the question whether the existing (legislation determined) method for deter... more The paper is based on the question whether the existing (legislation determined) method for determining the visibility length on passive protected level railroad crossings insures the relevant level of traffic safety. It has been recognised that using of such method does not provide stopping of road driver vehicles in front of railroad crossing in all conditions. Based on such conclusion a new approach to determining visibility length on passive protected level railroad crossing is proposed. The new approach is based on the assumption that it is necessary, primarily on level railroad crossings with local roads to recognize the worst possible and expected road and weather conditions. The testing of the proposed method in the real environment has shown that at lower speeds of road vehicles there is almost no difference, and that important benefits are recognised for the speeds of 30 and 50km/h where longer stopping distances of road vehicles have been detected (road vehicle can stop s...

PROMET - Traffic&Transportation, 2010

The transportation of hazardous goods represents an economic activity whose consequences can have... more The transportation of hazardous goods represents an economic activity whose consequences can have serious impact on the safety of transportation, the environment and human health. With the aim of reviewing the elements that affect the activity, this article presents a model for the transportation of hazardous goods of which, generally, there are two forms: the theoretical model for the transportation of hazardous goods, which represents the goal for the establishment of relations on the transportation of hazardous goods services market; and the real model for the transportation of hazardous goods, which represents an adaptation of the theoretical model to the status in a specific localised region. The research, which was conducted as part of the principal author’s Ph.D. thesis, illustrates the exceptional influence of the society changes within a specific country. The theoretical model for the road transportation of hazardous goods is transposed into the real transportation services...

PROMET - Traffic&Transportation, 2011

The cableway transport system is very important for the Slovenian tourist economy. Within the Slo... more The cableway transport system is very important for the Slovenian tourist economy. Within the Slovene transport system, the cableway transport subsystem has a specific role because it allows and ensures access to regions which are difficult to access or completely inaccessible by other transport subsystems owing to the configuration of the area. The quality and development of transport services are directly linked to the introduction of new cableways. New technical achievements, which are nowadays used in cableways, all provide greater capacity and higher speed of cableways, which, however, results in their higher maintenance and exploitation costs. The cableway transport system is being developed in Slovenia, but not on principles of sustainable development. This paper presents a model of sustainable growth and development of the cableway transport system in Slovenia based on which it is possible to determine assumptions for future growth so that the Slovene cableway transport syst...

PROMET - Traffic&Transportation, 2010

Modern approach to transportation system research is based on the system theory. System analysis ... more Modern approach to transportation system research is based on the system theory. System analysis is relevant. Constant transportation technique and technology devel-opment caused by the need of conformation to the new market conditions is the basis for such an approach. The model approach for resolving the problems of public pas-senger transport is provided in a scientific report. The model of quality of passenger transport comprises the submodels which define relevant measures for the provi-sion of passenger transport quality. The synthesis of sub-model for adoption of quality standards, submodel of pas-senger demands, submodel of operation safety and securi-ty and economic submodel construct the model of quality of public passenger transport (PPT). Its evaluation has been carried out using SWOT analysis. KEY WORDS: public passenger transport, traffic, lines, network, quality, mobility

High Performance and Optimum Design of Structures and Materials III, Jul 11, 2018

Modelling and predictions of road traffic emissions and ground-borne vibrations caused by vehicle... more Modelling and predictions of road traffic emissions and ground-borne vibrations caused by vehicles driving over different types of road bumps has become a rapidly developing research area. However, due to the lack of effective methods and indicators that would define traffic behavior, the accuracy of emissions and vibrations with such an approach is often not at the appropriate level. This paper presents the attempt to model and predict harmful road traffic emissions and vibrations using microsimulation traffic tools and emission models on one side and hybrid optimized models based on artificial neural networks and neuro-fuzzy techniques on the other. The optimized ANFIS-based model was developed to predict harmful road traffic emissions. Basic data were obtained with two programs: VISSIM for micro simulation of traffic flow and ENVIVER to calculate the corresponding emissions at vehicle level. The predicted NOx values indicate a significant increase of emissions by vehicles driving over road bumps, which is almost 100% higher than normal driving. The evaluation and prediction of ground-borne vibrations focused on heavy-duty vehicles, which usually cause perceptible levels of ground-borne vibrations. The prognosis of ground-borne vibration was made with local measurements and empirical vibration predictors. The predicted vibration levels caused by heavy-duty vehicles driving over road bumps are up to 24 times higher than normal vehicle driving (sinusoidal bump). Research shows that setting up speed bumps in different locations in urban areas has to be carefully examined because the level of harmful emissions and ground-borne vibrations increase.

Applied Sciences

The elevation of airport runways is specified in the operations manuals and in globally accepted ... more The elevation of airport runways is specified in the operations manuals and in globally accepted design guidelines. Airport runways are constantly exposed to various physical and weather factors. However, these factors can deteriorate the condition of the runway to the point where it becomes unusable. Monitoring and the continuous inspection of runway evenness is an important element of a sustainable airport maintenance system. An important element of a sustainable airport maintenance system is a runway evenness detection and modelling system. The investigation of the use of various available methods for modelling runway evenness was conducted based on measurements of the actual condition of the existing runway at Edvard Rusjan Airport in Maribor, Slovenia. During the measurements of the runway condition, our own measurement equipment was used, which ensures the geodetic accuracy of the measurements. The novelty of the article is a comparison between five different approaches to mod...

Sustainability

Airport runways are exposed to large traffic loads and other external factors which cause their t... more Airport runways are exposed to large traffic loads and other external factors which cause their transformation. Monitoring the state of the unevenness and determining the runway defectiveness is a complex procedure which includes fast and qualitative measurements of the execution of flatness, their evaluation and the determination of the level of runway defectiveness. For this purpose, an improved process of determining airport runway defectiveness is proposed, based on geodetic survey and the management information system prototype, which enables evaluating the results of the executed survey and suggesting the runway maintenance measures. A similar analysis of the considered data on the example of a smaller, regional airport in Maribor, Slovenia, was performed with the help of our own algorithm, which, on various platforms, enables the tabular and graphical display of surface irregularities. The algorithm prototype allows the automated monitoring and evaluating of the unevenness or...

Sustainability

Runways are exposed to significant burdens and other external factors that cause their deformatio... more Runways are exposed to significant burdens and other external factors that cause their deformation. Monitoring runway deformities and determining the resulting damage is a complicated procedure which requires a rapid and accurate assessment of these deformities and evaluation of the damage they cause. In this study, an optimized process to determine this damage based on geodetic measurements was developed. A novelty of our research is a prototype model for the maintenance of smaller airport runways with an emphasis on damage detection. The model is also intended for sustainable development, as it is open source in which we can enter various data. A model and algorithm that enables tabulation and graphical display of surface anomalies were developed for the detailed analysis of the collected data. This model allows monitoring of runway deformities to determine the resulting damage, thus facilitating timely planning of necessary maintenance. As a result, unexpected runway closures and...

Journal of Public Transportation

This paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of cable cars in public transport within urb... more This paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of cable cars in public transport within urban areas. The advantages of cable car transport compared to other modes of transport are its quiet operation with an environmentally-acceptable electric drive and the possibility of transporting passengers above the ground, which can provide additional transport dimensions within urban centers. However, cable cars have some disadvantages, especially their smaller capacities in relation to other modes of transport within the urban environment. Today's built cable cars have capacities up to 2,000 persons/h for aerial tramways (or jig-back ropeways) and up to 4,000 persons/h for gondolas. Solutions are introduced in this paper as to how the current cable car technologies can increase the capacities of these devices. This can be achieved by concentrating on the vehicles (cabins) on gondola lines and by using multiple platforms at starting stations and final stations. It also provides a solution for intermediate stations, at which vehicles can be stopped independent of other vehicles on the line.

Promet - Traffic - Traffico

The ropeway transportation subsystem plays a major role in mountain resort systems. It is charact... more The ropeway transportation subsystem plays a major role in mountain resort systems. It is characterised by an exceptional inle1weavement of interactions of single system elements. In order to provide sustainable development of the entire mountain res on systems, the real capacity of the ropeway transp01tation system was set. Real capacity of the ropeway transp01tation system is one of the indicators of the development harmonisation level of single system elements. The research into this field was done at Road and Traffic Centre of Faculty of Civil Engineering , University of Maribor. The atticle deals with basic points, with method and the results of research. It also represents some experiences of know-how transfer into the Slovene environment.

Journal of Maritime Research

This article aims to determine the development (rate) of maritime container ports in a case invol... more This article aims to determine the development (rate) of maritime container ports in a case involving transatlantic container transport in order to ascertain a model of container flows between container ter- minals in the United States and container terminals in Western and Northern Europe. The model proposed by the authors is made using the following eight key elements: transport infrastructure and suprastructure, influence of the intelligent information system, economic growth, transport ecology, transport flows, innovations and safety and security and transport energy. The research builds mainly upon empirical data analysis

Zbog lošeg stanja prometne sigurnosti na cestovno željezničkim prijelazima u razini (ne samo u Re... more Zbog lošeg stanja prometne sigurnosti na cestovno željezničkim prijelazima u razini (ne samo u Republici Sloveniji) koji su zaštićeni sa pasivnima sigurnosnima mjerama (odnosno samo prometnom signalizacijom) bitno je promptno provjeravati stanje polja preglednosti. U zavisnosti od toga potrebno je određivati opseg pasivnih sigurnosnih mjera na način, da vozači cestovnih vozila budu pravovremeno i jednoznačno obaviješteni o približavanju takvoj lokaciji, nezavisno od trenutnih vremenskih i vizualnih uvjeta. Polje preglednosti je zakonski definirano u zavisnosti od najveće brzine vožnje vlaka, a preglednost na realnim lokacijama zavisi i od okolišnog terena, i od urbanih i prirodnih elemenata okruženja. Stanje preglednosti na određenim lokacijama moguće je sa upotrebom 3D GIS alata uz uvjet raspolaganja sa podacima o terenu (digitalni model terena) relativno jednostavno provjeravati. Na osnovu takve provjere odlučivanje o načinu zaštite cestovno željezničkih prijelaza u razini je olak...

Thermal Science

Most of the air pollution originates from combustion processes, whereby traffic is one of the mos... more Most of the air pollution originates from combustion processes, whereby traffic is one of the most important sources. Road traffic is one of the leading factors of pollution, so determining its contribution to pollution and overall emissions is very important. This study is a tool to develop a calculus method to determine the specific and annual emissions from road transport. The estimation was carried out using the methodology developed for combustion analysis. The study was based on vehicle fleet composition, fuel, and engine data, which represented the input for the combustion process simulation, while the output was combustion products. The following gases (chemical species) were included in the analysis: carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOX). In the end, the specific emission factors, as well as bulk emission factors for urban and open road transport were derived. The results showed good agreement with the results of other authors.

Based on the fact that no rules of design the main roads through the urban areas exist in Sloveni... more Based on the fact that no rules of design the main roads through the urban areas exist in Slovenia, such infrastructures were built on the criteria of relevant capacity (normally wide and narrow multi or single lane roads). With the goal to guarantee the quality of life and traffic safety (decrease of average speed in urban areas) traffic calming measures were needed. In most cases in urban areas speed humps and platforms were installed, which effectively slow down the speed, but on the other hand massive increase ground-borne vibrations, produced by vehicles passing over these “road irregularities”. In many countries, such devices have been the subject of careful investigations (in order to assess their effectiveness and doubtfulness) and this has resulted in a number of modifications (improvements) in the design to improve their performance. On the contrary, no systematic studies have been carried out for speed humps and platforms in residential areas in Slovenia. The paper presen...

Journal of maritime research, 2013

This article aims to determine the development (rate) of maritime container ports in a case invol... more This article aims to determine the development (rate) of maritime container ports in a case involving transatlantic container transport in order to ascertain a model of container flows between container terminals in the United States and container terminals in Western and Northern Europe. The model proposed by the authors is made using the following eight key elements: transport infrastructure and suprastructure, influence of the intelligent information system, economic growth, transport ecology, transport flows, innovations and safety and security and transport energy. The research builds mainly upon empirical data analysis.

From its theoretical and practical point of view, traffic is one of the fundamental factors of th... more From its theoretical and practical point of view, traffic is one of the fundamental factors of the economy in a state. In the developed European countries, a rational production of transport selvices is presented by multimodal transport and the correct selection of a logistic operator. The aim of multimodal fI'ansport is to link together different forms of traffic in the most effective way, as well as all operations considering transport. The logistic operator is the only professional to peljorm complete services in multimodal transport, therefore it was necesany to enable its further development and, in accordance with that, to suggest suitable solutions. An increase of the existing and the creation of new traffic currents can only be achieved with the development of multimodal transport, the correct selection of logistic operator and better organisation of the traffic system. In the future, the Republic of Slovenia should continue developing multimodal transport in order to de...

Tehnicki vjesnik - Technical Gazette, Oct 1, 2018

On-line response dynamic traffic management system (DTMS) seems to be the key solution for resolv... more On-line response dynamic traffic management system (DTMS) seems to be the key solution for resolving many and the most important traffic problems in urban areas. Commonly used on-line response DTMS consists of on-road equipment (detectors, variable message signs etc.) and computer aided system. Such a system is generally installed in world metropolis with huge traffic loads that cannot be managed without it. The paper focuses on the real meaning of DTMS, possibilities of its usage in a medium size urban area, its purpose and expected consequences. Our experiment is based on the existing and verified traffic model of the City centre of Maribor, where different micro simulation scenarios were analysed. The main differences between non-response and on-line response traffic management systems are shown. In addition, their functionality and efficiency by resolving the possible traffic problem (unexpected traffic accident at the neutral point of the network) are represented.

Promet-traffic & Transportation, 2005

From its theoretical and practical point of view, traffic is one of the fundamental factors of th... more From its theoretical and practical point of view, traffic is one of the fundamental factors of the economy in a state. In the developed European countries, a rational production of transport se1vices is presented by multimodal transport and the correct selection of a logistic operator. The aim of multimodal transport is to link together different forms of traffic in the most effective way, as well as all operations considering transport. The logistic operator is the only professional to pe1Jorm complele services in multimodal transport, therefore it was necesany to enable its further development and, in accordance with that, to suggest suitable solutions. An increase of the existing and the creation of new traffic cwTents can only be achieved with the development of multimodaltransport, the correct selection of logistic operator and better organisation of the traffic system. In the future, the Republic of Slovenia should continue developing multi modal transport in order to decrease the differences in forms of transport in the developed European countries in the shortest time possible. The main task of the Republic of Slovenia is to integrate into the European flows as soon as possible, engage in a reciprocal cooperation by liberalization of flows of commodities and services, and create conditions for the inflow of foreign capital where all advantages of multimodal transport come into consideration. The result of the research is a model of multimodal transport logistic operator connecting the basic elements of that transport.

PROMET - Traffic&Transportation, 2009

The introduction of contemporary procedures to fleet managementprocesses has recently changed the... more The introduction of contemporary procedures to fleet managementprocesses has recently changed the work planning andsupervision of driver's work activities. Tendencies to control theimplementation of driver's work have been present in modemprofessional practice for quite a long time; however, the equipmentavailable on the market limited its implementation. Theintensified development of digital tachographs has, in technicalterms, ensured such equipment considerably before the legislativegroundwork was prepared for its practical implementation.The Commission Regulation (EC) No. 561!2006 (implementationof Social legislation relating to Road Transport) does notbring any essential novelties in terms of permitted workload.Consistent monitoring of drivers activities, made possible bydigital tachographs, will have impact on the existing workingmethods. The topic of the present paper is in deep analysis ofthe impact of the mentioned regulation with special emphasison the conditions fo...

PROMET - Traffic&Transportation, 2012

The paper is based on the question whether the existing (legislation determined) method for deter... more The paper is based on the question whether the existing (legislation determined) method for determining the visibility length on passive protected level railroad crossings insures the relevant level of traffic safety. It has been recognised that using of such method does not provide stopping of road driver vehicles in front of railroad crossing in all conditions. Based on such conclusion a new approach to determining visibility length on passive protected level railroad crossing is proposed. The new approach is based on the assumption that it is necessary, primarily on level railroad crossings with local roads to recognize the worst possible and expected road and weather conditions. The testing of the proposed method in the real environment has shown that at lower speeds of road vehicles there is almost no difference, and that important benefits are recognised for the speeds of 30 and 50km/h where longer stopping distances of road vehicles have been detected (road vehicle can stop s...

PROMET - Traffic&Transportation, 2010

The transportation of hazardous goods represents an economic activity whose consequences can have... more The transportation of hazardous goods represents an economic activity whose consequences can have serious impact on the safety of transportation, the environment and human health. With the aim of reviewing the elements that affect the activity, this article presents a model for the transportation of hazardous goods of which, generally, there are two forms: the theoretical model for the transportation of hazardous goods, which represents the goal for the establishment of relations on the transportation of hazardous goods services market; and the real model for the transportation of hazardous goods, which represents an adaptation of the theoretical model to the status in a specific localised region. The research, which was conducted as part of the principal author’s Ph.D. thesis, illustrates the exceptional influence of the society changes within a specific country. The theoretical model for the road transportation of hazardous goods is transposed into the real transportation services...

PROMET - Traffic&Transportation, 2011

The cableway transport system is very important for the Slovenian tourist economy. Within the Slo... more The cableway transport system is very important for the Slovenian tourist economy. Within the Slovene transport system, the cableway transport subsystem has a specific role because it allows and ensures access to regions which are difficult to access or completely inaccessible by other transport subsystems owing to the configuration of the area. The quality and development of transport services are directly linked to the introduction of new cableways. New technical achievements, which are nowadays used in cableways, all provide greater capacity and higher speed of cableways, which, however, results in their higher maintenance and exploitation costs. The cableway transport system is being developed in Slovenia, but not on principles of sustainable development. This paper presents a model of sustainable growth and development of the cableway transport system in Slovenia based on which it is possible to determine assumptions for future growth so that the Slovene cableway transport syst...

PROMET - Traffic&Transportation, 2010

Modern approach to transportation system research is based on the system theory. System analysis ... more Modern approach to transportation system research is based on the system theory. System analysis is relevant. Constant transportation technique and technology devel-opment caused by the need of conformation to the new market conditions is the basis for such an approach. The model approach for resolving the problems of public pas-senger transport is provided in a scientific report. The model of quality of passenger transport comprises the submodels which define relevant measures for the provi-sion of passenger transport quality. The synthesis of sub-model for adoption of quality standards, submodel of pas-senger demands, submodel of operation safety and securi-ty and economic submodel construct the model of quality of public passenger transport (PPT). Its evaluation has been carried out using SWOT analysis. KEY WORDS: public passenger transport, traffic, lines, network, quality, mobility

High Performance and Optimum Design of Structures and Materials III, Jul 11, 2018

Modelling and predictions of road traffic emissions and ground-borne vibrations caused by vehicle... more Modelling and predictions of road traffic emissions and ground-borne vibrations caused by vehicles driving over different types of road bumps has become a rapidly developing research area. However, due to the lack of effective methods and indicators that would define traffic behavior, the accuracy of emissions and vibrations with such an approach is often not at the appropriate level. This paper presents the attempt to model and predict harmful road traffic emissions and vibrations using microsimulation traffic tools and emission models on one side and hybrid optimized models based on artificial neural networks and neuro-fuzzy techniques on the other. The optimized ANFIS-based model was developed to predict harmful road traffic emissions. Basic data were obtained with two programs: VISSIM for micro simulation of traffic flow and ENVIVER to calculate the corresponding emissions at vehicle level. The predicted NOx values indicate a significant increase of emissions by vehicles driving over road bumps, which is almost 100% higher than normal driving. The evaluation and prediction of ground-borne vibrations focused on heavy-duty vehicles, which usually cause perceptible levels of ground-borne vibrations. The prognosis of ground-borne vibration was made with local measurements and empirical vibration predictors. The predicted vibration levels caused by heavy-duty vehicles driving over road bumps are up to 24 times higher than normal vehicle driving (sinusoidal bump). Research shows that setting up speed bumps in different locations in urban areas has to be carefully examined because the level of harmful emissions and ground-borne vibrations increase.

Applied Sciences

The elevation of airport runways is specified in the operations manuals and in globally accepted ... more The elevation of airport runways is specified in the operations manuals and in globally accepted design guidelines. Airport runways are constantly exposed to various physical and weather factors. However, these factors can deteriorate the condition of the runway to the point where it becomes unusable. Monitoring and the continuous inspection of runway evenness is an important element of a sustainable airport maintenance system. An important element of a sustainable airport maintenance system is a runway evenness detection and modelling system. The investigation of the use of various available methods for modelling runway evenness was conducted based on measurements of the actual condition of the existing runway at Edvard Rusjan Airport in Maribor, Slovenia. During the measurements of the runway condition, our own measurement equipment was used, which ensures the geodetic accuracy of the measurements. The novelty of the article is a comparison between five different approaches to mod...

Sustainability

Airport runways are exposed to large traffic loads and other external factors which cause their t... more Airport runways are exposed to large traffic loads and other external factors which cause their transformation. Monitoring the state of the unevenness and determining the runway defectiveness is a complex procedure which includes fast and qualitative measurements of the execution of flatness, their evaluation and the determination of the level of runway defectiveness. For this purpose, an improved process of determining airport runway defectiveness is proposed, based on geodetic survey and the management information system prototype, which enables evaluating the results of the executed survey and suggesting the runway maintenance measures. A similar analysis of the considered data on the example of a smaller, regional airport in Maribor, Slovenia, was performed with the help of our own algorithm, which, on various platforms, enables the tabular and graphical display of surface irregularities. The algorithm prototype allows the automated monitoring and evaluating of the unevenness or...

Sustainability

Runways are exposed to significant burdens and other external factors that cause their deformatio... more Runways are exposed to significant burdens and other external factors that cause their deformation. Monitoring runway deformities and determining the resulting damage is a complicated procedure which requires a rapid and accurate assessment of these deformities and evaluation of the damage they cause. In this study, an optimized process to determine this damage based on geodetic measurements was developed. A novelty of our research is a prototype model for the maintenance of smaller airport runways with an emphasis on damage detection. The model is also intended for sustainable development, as it is open source in which we can enter various data. A model and algorithm that enables tabulation and graphical display of surface anomalies were developed for the detailed analysis of the collected data. This model allows monitoring of runway deformities to determine the resulting damage, thus facilitating timely planning of necessary maintenance. As a result, unexpected runway closures and...

Journal of Public Transportation

This paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of cable cars in public transport within urb... more This paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of cable cars in public transport within urban areas. The advantages of cable car transport compared to other modes of transport are its quiet operation with an environmentally-acceptable electric drive and the possibility of transporting passengers above the ground, which can provide additional transport dimensions within urban centers. However, cable cars have some disadvantages, especially their smaller capacities in relation to other modes of transport within the urban environment. Today's built cable cars have capacities up to 2,000 persons/h for aerial tramways (or jig-back ropeways) and up to 4,000 persons/h for gondolas. Solutions are introduced in this paper as to how the current cable car technologies can increase the capacities of these devices. This can be achieved by concentrating on the vehicles (cabins) on gondola lines and by using multiple platforms at starting stations and final stations. It also provides a solution for intermediate stations, at which vehicles can be stopped independent of other vehicles on the line.

Promet - Traffic - Traffico

The ropeway transportation subsystem plays a major role in mountain resort systems. It is charact... more The ropeway transportation subsystem plays a major role in mountain resort systems. It is characterised by an exceptional inle1weavement of interactions of single system elements. In order to provide sustainable development of the entire mountain res on systems, the real capacity of the ropeway transp01tation system was set. Real capacity of the ropeway transp01tation system is one of the indicators of the development harmonisation level of single system elements. The research into this field was done at Road and Traffic Centre of Faculty of Civil Engineering , University of Maribor. The atticle deals with basic points, with method and the results of research. It also represents some experiences of know-how transfer into the Slovene environment.

Journal of Maritime Research

This article aims to determine the development (rate) of maritime container ports in a case invol... more This article aims to determine the development (rate) of maritime container ports in a case involving transatlantic container transport in order to ascertain a model of container flows between container ter- minals in the United States and container terminals in Western and Northern Europe. The model proposed by the authors is made using the following eight key elements: transport infrastructure and suprastructure, influence of the intelligent information system, economic growth, transport ecology, transport flows, innovations and safety and security and transport energy. The research builds mainly upon empirical data analysis

Zbog lošeg stanja prometne sigurnosti na cestovno željezničkim prijelazima u razini (ne samo u Re... more Zbog lošeg stanja prometne sigurnosti na cestovno željezničkim prijelazima u razini (ne samo u Republici Sloveniji) koji su zaštićeni sa pasivnima sigurnosnima mjerama (odnosno samo prometnom signalizacijom) bitno je promptno provjeravati stanje polja preglednosti. U zavisnosti od toga potrebno je određivati opseg pasivnih sigurnosnih mjera na način, da vozači cestovnih vozila budu pravovremeno i jednoznačno obaviješteni o približavanju takvoj lokaciji, nezavisno od trenutnih vremenskih i vizualnih uvjeta. Polje preglednosti je zakonski definirano u zavisnosti od najveće brzine vožnje vlaka, a preglednost na realnim lokacijama zavisi i od okolišnog terena, i od urbanih i prirodnih elemenata okruženja. Stanje preglednosti na određenim lokacijama moguće je sa upotrebom 3D GIS alata uz uvjet raspolaganja sa podacima o terenu (digitalni model terena) relativno jednostavno provjeravati. Na osnovu takve provjere odlučivanje o načinu zaštite cestovno željezničkih prijelaza u razini je olak...