Shodh Kosh - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

volume 1 issue 1 by Shodh Kosh

With the onset of Covid 19 pandemic, the world experienced unprecedented disruptions in all aspec... more With the onset of Covid 19 pandemic, the world experienced unprecedented disruptions in all aspects of life. It not only affected physical health but also affected economies of the world. In addition to impacts on physical health, it has also caused dramatic changes in the financial markets and institutions. A healthy banking system is crucial for the liquidity of the economy and the smooth flow of credit in the system. Amidst all this, the major interest of the policymakers lies in the alteration of the lending practices of the banks when faced with increased uncertainty and risk. This paper aims to present new evidence regarding the lending decisions made by the banks during Covid pandemic across multiple countries. It is a unique opportunity to study these effects in different countries of the globe. In response to the pandemic, the Central banks introduced monetary stimulus measures to address the concerns of the business with regards to solvency and liquidity. Also, many countries launched extraordinary credit guarantee programs to support businesses during this challenging time. These loan guarantees, sometimes paired with government purchases of corporate bonds, have been essential tools for infusing liquidity to the struggling businesses. This paper calculates the shock of Covid 19 on bank lending in India and how risk perceptions of bank managers changed during this challenging period.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Businesses of all sizes may efficiently contact prospects and consumers with social media marketi... more Businesses of all sizes may efficiently contact prospects and consumers with social media marketing. Brands may be found, learned about, followed, and purchased from on social media; if your company isn't present on sites like Facebook, Instagram, and LinkedIn, you're losing out! Excellent social media marketing may boost your company's performance tremendously, develop devoted brand evangelists, and even produce leads and sales. A type of digital marketing known as "social media marketing" uses the influence of well-known social media platforms to further your branding and marketing objectives. However, it goes beyond simply opening company accounts and publishing content whenever you feel like it. Paid social media advertising is another aspect of social media marketing, whereby you may pay to place your brand in front of a sizable and highly focused user base. Opinions on the function of social media marketing in the hybrid mode are expressed in this study.

With the inception of GST, one of the largest indirect tax regimes of India, many things fell int... more With the inception of GST, one of the largest indirect tax regimes of India, many things fell into place. It was one of the long-awaited opportunities which simplified the tax system in India. An initiative by the Government of India which removed all the trade barriers between the states. Now, the states can easily and freely trade without paying multiple taxes at various levels and it has also become easy for the Government to administer the tax system with more transparency. Thanks to 'one nation-one market and one tax' principle. It is favorable to all-traders, manufacturers, consumers, and the government alike. It holds equal significance for all stakeholders. GST is implemented nationwide in 29 states and 7 union territories and has benefited manufacturers and traders by abolishing multiple taxes at various levels making it easy to expand their productions in low cost and to make the trade hassle-free. It helped the consumers to get the goods at cheaper rates than before due to cutting various taxes and decreased cost of production. It also helped the Government to refine the taxation process and improve the cascading of taxes thereby making more money and preventing the revenue leakage at various levels. It was enacted by an amendment to the Constitution. A Constitution Amendment Bill (122nd Amendment Bill) was passed by both the houses of the legislature (the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha) through common and broad consensus and then approved by the then President of India, Shri Pranab Mukherjee thereby making it a law in the Year 2016 (101st Constitutional Amendment Act,2016). It was launched on 30th June 2017, showcasing the evidence of the maturity and wisdom of the Indian democracy. The article demonstrates the compliance issues faced by MSMEs in the process of GST implementation.

This study investigates the unique human capital and innovative performance link and the intrinsi... more This study investigates the unique human capital and innovative performance link and the intrinsic motivation as a moderator in this relationship. We obtained exciting results while testing hypotheses by applying Structural Equation Models and the Hayes Approach to the data collected from 196 respondents from the Kashmiri Handicrafts industry. The findings show that innovative performance is enhanced through unique human capital. Moreover, this relationship is significantly moderated by the intrinsic motivation of employees'/ sales persons. Thus, the interactive effect of outstanding human capital and inherent reason can enhance innovative performance by ensuring attractive avenues to enrich unique skills, knowledge, and the like among employees/salespersons. This paper attempted to unveil these relationships that have implications for theory and practice; further, some valuable detections were made under the veil.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Historic gardens are a precious component of our cultural heritage and a valuable resource for un... more Historic gardens are a precious component of our cultural heritage and a valuable resource for understanding the past. They are tangible reflections of a society's values, beliefs, and practices offering glimpses into the aesthetic preferences, horticultural practices, and social values of bygone eras. These gardens often reflect the fusion of different cultural influences, acting as a visual tapestry of human creativity and ingenuity. To highlight the significance of historic gardens with regard to cultural diversity, this study examines the historical, cultural, botanical and architectural aspect of five famous royal gardens of Punjab that were originally created as private retreats of the Monarchs but now have been transformed into public spaces. Drawing upon archival research, scholarly literature, and site visits, the study delves into the architecture, symbolism, and historical context of each garden, revealing their unique cultural expressions. The argument put forth in the paper is that historic gardens are not just physical spaces but cultural artifacts that serve as a testament to the rich cultural diversity of the region, exposing visitors to a plethora of different artistic and cultural influences. This research highlights that historic gardens significantly contribute to cultural diversity and further facilitate cultural exchange and cultural education. The study further emphasizes the importance of valuing, preserving and valorizing historic gardens, not only for their continued relevance but for fostering cultural sustainability and enriching our collective heritage.

Literature and Cinema are interconnected but they are also distinct in their own ways. It has lon... more Literature and Cinema are interconnected but they are also distinct in their own ways. It has long been one of the most intriguing fields of science with a profound effect on the human psyche. These are the forms of expression that can be accessed by all ages and employed as a medium to depict the social and environmental catastrophe in their works. The research paper focuses on the ecocritical consciousness in the movie 'Kadamban' and the fiction, Sarah Joseph's Gift in Green. The research article is about corporate greed and strong interests going up against a native, local population that would not leave its territory. A tribe of people who were satisfied to live in the jungle were suddenly attacked by shrewd businessmen. A city industrialist was anxious to get his hands on the large limestone dump that was recently discovered. For more money, the corporate world would do anything. It is more similar in the movie 'Kadamban' and the fiction Gift in Green. It is a unique book about the connection between individuals and the environment they live in is Gift in Green. In the novel, Young Kumaran would like to change his own native place. His plans for development, such as the construction of highways and bridges, suffocating aquatic life, driving birds and butterflies from fading mangrove forests, and allowing poisons to seep into rice fields that have provided food for hundreds of years. They were all destroying the forest in the name of capitalism, industrialism, modernism, colonialism. This article highlights how the locals overcame challenges and fought to preserve their own land through the movie, Kadamban and Sarah Joseph's Gift in Green.

Trauma is a foremost theme of contemporary literature. The term "post-traumatic stress disorder" ... more Trauma is a foremost theme of contemporary literature. The term "post-traumatic stress disorder" (PTSD) found its existence in the 1980s, exploring the shattering effects of trauma on the victim. Traumatic mutism is one such psychological disorder characterised by the victim's sudden inability to speak, following the trauma. The protagonist Maya in I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, is subjected to the horror of incest at the age of seven. Overwhelmed by the incident, she locks herself in a private cage of self-imposed silence for four long years. Applying Jennifer Freyd's "Betrayal Trauma Theory", the article discusses the events that led to Maya's silence. She is dumbstruck, fearing the repressive consequences of this pathetic predicament in the community. And to wriggle out of the present pathos, the post-traumatic symptoms, such as psychic numbing, withdrawal and mutism are adopted by the victim. The article further presents the importance of external sources that help the victim out of these dissociative behaviours. The article concludes by stating the role of literature both as a therapeutic tool for the victim and as a narrative tool for the readers, providing an accurate understanding of trauma and its implications.

This research delves into the Uses and Gratifications of ChatGpt among students, employing a quan... more This research delves into the Uses and Gratifications of ChatGpt among students, employing a quantitative approach with surveys as the primary data collection tool. The study's primary objective is to uncover the motivations behind students' usage of ChatGpt, leading to a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing their preferences. The analysis reveals that students predominantly utilize ChatGpt for Academic Content Creation, Information Seeking, Novelty, and Convenience. These findings provide valuable insights that can inform the development of more effective AI communication tools tailored to student needs. Moreover, this study expands the realm of the Uses and Gratification theory by investigating the motivations underlying the usage of ChatGpt, an artificial intelligence language model. The outcomes of this research hold significance for academics, researchers, and AI developers, contributing to their understanding of how individuals engage with and derive meaning from media in their daily lives.

The present study aims to study the impact of music preferences on anger levels amongst undergrad... more The present study aims to study the impact of music preferences on anger levels amongst undergraduate and postgraduate students. A survey was administered online (via Google Forms) and offline to a sample of 210 individuals using convenience and snowball sampling methods. Two tools were utilised in the questionnaire-the Music Preference Scale developed by Upadhyay and colleagues and the Behavioural Anger Response Questionnaire. The responses were computed in the form of the respective subscales and dimensions of each scale. The Music Preference Scale recorded readings under five dimensions-Intense and Electrical, Devotional and Cultural, Emotional and Melodious, Reflective and Spiritual, and Contemporary and Rhythmic. The Behavioural Anger Response Questionnaire assesses anger across 6 domains-Direct Ager Out, Rumination, Social Support Seeking, Diffusion, Assertion and Avoidance. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics-to analyse the demographics of the sample; T-test to test significance of the collected data, and Pearsons' Correlation analysis has been conducted to study the relationship between the two variables. According to the results of the study, there is no significant difference in the anger levels expressed by males and females, or by undergraduate and postgraduate students. Males & females seemed to listen to the same level of Intense & Electronic, Contemporary & Rhythmic, Spiritual & Reflective music. Females were found to listen to more Devotional & Cultural and Emotional & Melodious music. Qualitative analysis shows no significant difference in the preference for music genres amongst undergraduate and postgraduate students. To conclude, music preferences have a negligible impact on anger levels.

The artists who are both consciously and unconsciously involved embody their very own existence w... more The artists who are both consciously and unconsciously involved embody their very own existence with impressions from their internal life. Out of many theories psychoanalysis can be used subjectively, for the existence of an individual in the process of becoming 'I'. This theory of unconscious could be very personal. Using the impressions from the very theories of Freud is what I would like to write about in this research paper. His theory about psychoanalysis very particularly to study oneself or someone else would be like to ask for: What to see? What to Hear or Speak about? Express or repress? Depending upon a close observation alongside awareness on the life of many artists. Which has revealed from the past as they have been instinctive believers, of some other world. Making an apt sense of this is how any repressed emotions arises when explored to a deeper level of unconscious. As 'I' becomes the foundation to the core body the mind actively takes the possession to take actions for that very individual with holding a command on the body. The very idea of the Identity of the artist as an individual is related deeply to what the artist's trying to express himself/ herself as one individual. And painting is the freedom of a platform using medium to paint without any restrictions. This paper tends to study the very idea of psychological journey of the artist. With the self-portraits inducing the very Identity of the artist through a critical evaluation on the artist.

This paper endeavors to open up the domain of narrative dance to formal semanticopragmatic inquir... more This paper endeavors to open up the domain of narrative dance to formal semanticopragmatic inquiry, taking case studies from Indian dance drama and classical Ballet. It thus posits narrative dance as a richly promising domain of research and analysis in its analogues to, and interfaces with, discourse based on language. The communicative intent of narrative dance-alongside its aesthetic-cultural semiosis-is typically directed at the audience's (re)cognition of discourse referents and their actions in the dance space. It therefore lends itself to the scrutiny of Discourse Representation Theory or, more broadly, dynamic semantics, which are recognized frameworks for the formal linguistic analysis of narrative, and more rarely non-narrative, discourse. This intent in dance, however, differs from those of ordinary-language communications, in that it allows for creative play to convey shifting discourse-referent identities. Such creative play is brought into focus in the very different treatments of "stage" versus "individual"-level identities of the respective central characters within two case studies, viz., the (North-)Eastern Indian dance drama Chitrāngadā, on the one hand, and Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake, on the other. While illocutions are conveyed through hand-gestures and (facial and corporeal) mime in these different traditions, they crucially play a complementary role in discourse representation as this latter pertains to narrative dance. The paper concludes by highlighting this mode of analysis as a means of achieving greater insight into viewers' / connoisseurs' responses to narrative and non-narrative dance subtypes as possible clues as to how meanings are construed out of these dance genres. 1

Mobile Sensor Network an emerging trend in recent network platform. Random waypoint mobility rout... more Mobile Sensor Network an emerging trend in recent network platform. Random waypoint mobility routing proposed on virtual infrastructure based mobile sensor network. Routing is highly challenging task in mobile sensor network, in which the random waypoint model used to ascertain through put and energy depletion. Sensor network classified into multiple regions. Scheduled time slot is assigned for data transmission in between source to sink. Routing table is periodically updated with its neighborhood information. In order to discovers sink node random waypoint mobility routing algorithm checks either clockwise or anti clockwise in the region to find an optimal route for reliable data transmission. In comparison to other cutting-edge clusterbased routing protocols, the effectiveness of the suggested technique assessed using the essential network characteristics. In addition proposed algorithm reduces normalized routing overhead and reselection of region head by varying the node density in the network.

The thinking of the modern artists created a vision of looking at artwork and new subjects in a n... more The thinking of the modern artists created a vision of looking at artwork and new subjects in a new way. As a result, abstract art emerged as a feature of modern art. The artists present abstract art with his different perspective and medium. Photography is a modern and fast medium that is able to present the artist's thinking in a different way. Fine arts photography presents the viewer by shaping the artist's vision. The artist uses photography as a medium to create his own ideas. Photography has presented Tantra art as well by providing a visual look with modernity and digitally as well. Indian artists like Ajit Mukherjee, S.H. Raza, Biren De and Sohan Qadri have visually presented Indian mythology through painting as tantra art. We are going to talk about an artist Kishan Meena who took his Photography on another level of modernity in the Digital era. He has introduced the art of Tantra in the form of abstract art with the method of Digital photography and has nurtured the cycle of life through it.

The present paper aims to understand the textile tradition in relation to its technology and asso... more The present paper aims to understand the textile tradition in relation to its technology and associated beliefs of the Meitei community of Manipur. Technology not only means understanding raw materials, tools/implements, and processes of the technological system, but it also incorporates the psyche of the craftsmen and cultural values. Textile carries the cultural knowledge and ideological perception embedded in the community's social, economic, and political structures. Moreover, the tangible and intangible dimensions of technology reflect the collective Meitei folklife. Meitei traditional technology shapes not only the communal identity but also holds their social norms, values, belief systems, and gender identity. An account of ethnographic study has been approached to understand the values, norms, beliefs, and worldview of the Meitei community employing various tools and methods like an interview, focus group, and observation method. Therefore, the paper tries to study textile technology to understand the community's cultural expressive behavior.

Communication skills are the ability of a person that helps him to perform effectively in the wor... more Communication skills are the ability of a person that helps him to perform effectively in the workplace. These skills include active listening, speaking, observing, and empathizing which improve an employee's relationship and performance on the job. Particularly in the teaching profession, communication skills are a prerequisite for teachers. The teachers who have good communication skills perform meritoriously in their institution. Also, the organizations are expecting teacher candidates with good communication skills for recruitment. It is the need of the hour to improve the communication skills of the trainee teachers. Therefore, the researchers intended to find out the effectiveness of theru-k-koothu (street play) to enhance the communication skills, specifically the public speaking skills of prospective teachers. An experimental research method was adopted for the study and 32 prospective teachers were selected as samples. The results of the study indicated that the maximum number of prospective teachers have a moderate level of public speaking skills. Also, it is found that the Theru-k-Koothu (street play) training program is more effective in developing the public speaking skills of prospective teachers. The findings of the study provide insights for the educationists and policymakers to integrate communication skills efficiently in the teacher education program to make quality and proficient teachers.

The initial objective of dance education was to development the art form and harness it's potenti... more The initial objective of dance education was to development the art form and harness it's potentials for societal development. That dance education in Nigeria's tertiary institutions of learning is largely seen as an isolated and purely academic exercise with little or no relevance to the real sector is hardly in contention as several studies attest to that reality. What is of concern is how to make it more relevant to the present milieu. Against universal trends, major developments in dance in Nigeria are driven by forces independent of academic influences. Various reasons have been advanced by scholars (Ikideh, 1987; Adeyemi, 2010; Onyemuchara, 2017; etc.) Onyemuchara, for instance, contends that the paucity of practice-based curriculum is the bane. Drawing from related disciplinary paradigms, this paper explores the possibility of synergizing the efforts of both the academic and professional/industry dance practitioners to make dance more relevant to national development.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2020

English: The covid-19 epidemic has shaken the entire world today. In this difficult period, the p... more English: The covid-19 epidemic has shaken the entire world today. In this difficult period, the person is frightened about the future, worried and stressed. The writings written in newspapers, the moving news on the book, and the wisdom of knowledge have further enhanced his problem. This untouchable, unwanted calamity has imprisoned the person imprisoned in their homes away from social activities so much that even a very healthy person is under stress. The fear of something happening every moment dominates him so much that he suffers from a variety of mental illnesses that have had an adverse effect on his physical health as well. In such times, there are arts which provide peace to man.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2020

Much has already been written about Covid-19, but now we should get used to living with it becaus... more Much has already been written about Covid-19, but now we should get used to living with it because Corona is not going to leave our lives so easily. We should now practice living with it. As soon as the lockdown ends, we have to defend ourselves and our family and at the same time run our business smoothly. Now we should learn how to keep our family away from the corona, and stay unconnected, follow social distance, etc. Now this is our life for some time to come. We have to make ourselves so strong that the corona cannot spoil us. Over time, we will get used to living with it. An artist must also change his mind and accept the coming change.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2020

English: Man's innate expression towards art is manifested by rock paintings. For early humans th... more English: Man's innate expression towards art is manifested by rock paintings. For early humans there were rock shelters. On prehistoric shelter sites, humans marked paintings as their natural expression. Paintings made in rock were called rock paintings. Known prehistoric paintings were discovered by Mercilona di Setuala in a cave called Altamira,

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2020

Indian art is a vivid presentation of various forms of nature. In many ancient cultures trees are... more Indian art is a vivid presentation of various forms of nature. In many ancient cultures trees are treated with acclaim and affection but in India treated with reverence and love. The concept of tree, as a symbol of life, of eternity and resumption is as old as humankind. The environmentalists evaluate their importance for the world's ecosystem as they are used in numerous ways in everyday life but their aspect is that they are the symbol of divinity of nature with beauty and cultural values. Nature with its qualities helps the creatures in their survival. The beauty of nature can be perceived in its utility and man can pay his attributes with the awareness towards the protection of nature.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2020

The world of arts and handicrafts represents a great saga of culture, traditions and historical l... more The world of arts and handicrafts represents a great saga of culture, traditions and historical legacy associated with each particular region. India, in general and Madhya Pradesh, in particular are known for the impressive range of handmade artifacts that enthrall onlookers, buyers and collectors of art. The innate are honored with the characteristic specialty of cutting and make extremely appealing things. There are wooden chowkies made for estimating grains. Wedding mainstays of Bharia and wooden entryways of Gonds and Korkus are extremely appealing and unordinary. Machines turned and lacquered toys in splendid hues and at moderate costs are famous everywhere throughout the state. Cut wooden toys, dolls and elephants displaying the abilities of the craftsman are likewise made. The Woodcrafts of Madhya Pradesh are self-viable and have contributed in maintaining the environment healthy by using all the natural colors and polishes. Moreover, it generates the employments to the artisans, which encourages them to design and produce the products as per the market demands. And as per the demand it encourages the Social-distance which is much need in present scenario.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

English: The beauty of lines sits in painting since ancient times. Line is the only means of visu... more English: The beauty of lines sits in painting since ancient times. Line is the only means of visualization and communication. The lines are symbolic. Which introduces the audience to the artist's state of mind. And in painting, the line is the primary means of expressing one's feelings. This method has been in practice since prehistoric times. That the artist used to complete the work of drawing through lines to calm his state of mind. And used to express his expressions on the rocks through the lines. But today the artist is independent in the art world. He also embellishes his artworks through mixed media.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

Art is natural expression of human. It is through art that a human looks at his personality. Art ... more Art is natural expression of human. It is through art that a human looks at his personality. Art is such a valuable asset that everyone would have had, but not everyone is aware of it. Art enables the human mind to show direction to the senses, instill the tendencies and twist the mind. Art received by nature as a gift to human consciousnes ,divine gift. The entire creation of any artist is based on his autobiographical approach. Impressed by the material objector natural beauty, the artist through his imagination transforms the feelings produced in the mind into a work. These creations are completely different from the members of the real object. All these mediums of the artist's expression would be line colors, stones, objects or words. Since ancient times cavities have been painted individuals through human lines. In his struggle whenever he got a break in the primitive life, he devoted every moment of his portrayal. The effects of which we still find in the prehistoric caves , painting, Ajanta, Bagh, Ellora, etc are easily available.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

Art means creation. This ability of creation is the highest and invaluable gift given by God almi... more Art means creation. This ability of creation is the highest and invaluable gift given by God almighty to mankind. From the very beginning art has been the strongest medium of expressing emotions. World's great pieces of art have been created by the ability to express the basic emotions of human heart like joy, sorrow, faith, aesthetic sense etc. in various forms.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

Art is like Nature. It is everywhere. As we all are a part of nature, so are we all a part of Art... more Art is like Nature. It is everywhere. As we all are a part of nature, so are we all a part of Art. Like nature, we all see, perceive and feel Art in different and individual ways. For one person it can be superficial ornamentation, whereas for someone else it can be ethos of life. For a rambler artist, it becomes a soulful spiritual experience.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

As a renowned psychologist Dr. Rajendra Rajput rightly said, "Anything else that could affect the... more As a renowned psychologist Dr. Rajendra Rajput rightly said, "Anything else that could affect the human activities other than food we take is light. And this energy 'LIGHT' comprises of different colours".

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

The most prominent and artistic art is Painting. If an artist is willing to create a painting, th... more The most prominent and artistic art is Painting. If an artist is willing to create a painting, then it requires that cooperation of some of the main essential basics, medium or elements of painting , which can be followed to create a excellent painting.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

Line-The line is the distance between two points or two boundaries, which is very narrow and the ... more Line-The line is the distance between two points or two boundaries, which is very narrow and the direction of motion dictates. But symbolic of the line under the art aspect there is significance and it reflected the expression and flow of the form. A Line thus, can be said a symbolic mark denoting movement and force in a form metered by our eye.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

Kattingeri Krishna Hebbar was born at Kittingiri in the Udupi district of Karnataka. In his child... more Kattingeri Krishna Hebbar was born at Kittingiri in the Udupi district of Karnataka. In his childhood he played with clay, and tried to form toys out of it. He also tried to draw with charcoal on the wall of his house the copies of the mythological pictures of Ravi Varma. This inclination towards drawing resulted into his entry in the Chamrajendra Vadiar Technical School for the study of painting. While watching Indian classical dance, he was attracted by the graceful movements of the body and the limbs of the dancer. He expressed in lines on his sketching pad, often without even his looking at the result on paper. His hand started moving automatically, charged with emotion and guided by music. In this process the flow of line was all that mattered.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

Identity is that characteristics that distinguishes, differentiates and separates one community f... more Identity is that characteristics that distinguishes, differentiates and separates one community from another in terms of ideology, belief systems, organizational structures, mode of dressing, dialect, communal activities such as festival commemoration. Enshrined in one of man's communal activities is the yearly celebration of New Yam festival. New Yam Festival has been coined with various names in many climes in Nigeria. In Owerre-Olubor community, New Yam festival is associated with Ogbanigbe (Ime-Egwu) festival similar to that of Obio community of Aniocha nomenclature. The paper employed descriptive analysis, oral interview as well as related materials. The paper focused on Ogbanigbe (Ime-Egwu) festival, the origin of Owerre-Olubor community of Ika North East Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria including musical instruments and some songs used during the festival celebration. Four sampled song texts were selected and captured while one musical example from the four song texts selected was analyzed. The paper conclude that documentation is the only way to preserve culture of a people including music peculiar to such culture for the next generation in order to escape extinction.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

The Lalit Kala Academy established for the purpose of greater publicity of visual arts across the... more The Lalit Kala Academy established for the purpose of greater publicity of visual arts across the country, has been organising the National Art Exhibition since its inception. This prestigious exhibition brings together the best selected works of visual arts under one roof and that of art reflect the the latest trends. These exhibition are a showcase of the achievements of artist working in the field of painting of ceremic sculpture graphic or photographic painting in the country. The Academy has organised 61 National Art Exhibition so far. These exhibitions represents the vivid and representative specimens of the latest trends in contemporary art. I am presenting some evidence related to the painting related to the National Art Exhibition from 1990 to 2000 A.D.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

Africans had been producing fabrics locally before the advent of Western fabrics. Àdìrẹ fabrics a... more Africans had been producing fabrics locally before the advent of Western fabrics. Àdìrẹ fabrics are purely African textile concepts; dyed with local/indigenous materials and readymade synthetic materials in Abẹ́òkúta, Òṣogbo, Ìbàdàn, Kánò, Ṣókótó, and other parts of Nigeria, and Africa at large. The study focuses on how leaves, bark of plants, and trees are utilised in producing colours of dyes. For example, shade of red can be obtained from leaves of guinea corn (sorghum village), leave of teak wood (tectona grands), leaves of henna law (Sonia intermis), bark and roots of African rose wood (ptrocerpus erinaceus), and wood of the came wood “osùn” (baphia nitida). The sap of old physic nut tree (fatopha curca) produces a black dye. Likewise, many other colours are produced when the need arises. When yellow is desired, afromosia taxifora or a root wood (Morinda lucida) or group grand are used. The mango tree bark, when dried and boiled with water gives a brown dye. Two other fruits Kigelia African and vitex grandifolia are also used for dye. There is an argument on which of the colour registered fast, is it the natural dye or the imported synthetic dye? The answer probably lies in the method of preparing and implementing the dye and the skill/creativity of the dyer. The study examines the utilisation of local and synthetic indigo dyes and quality of dyed cotton fabric in Ìtòkú market, Abẹ́òkúta , Ògùn State. Some participants were interviewed, and questionnaires were administered to respondents for data collection. The result of hypothesis tested justify that there is no significant difference between utilisation of local and imported dye in the quality of textile in relation to colours. Results and findings were discussed, comparism between the local and synthetic dyes was concluded and recommendations were made.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

Mono printing is the first printing technique used by younger people in Western countries to crea... more Mono printing is the first printing technique used by younger people in Western countries to create a new surface for painting with the natural colors available and now to create textures on clothing as well. It has no history in India. The present research aims to gather more information about this printing technology and explore its future in the Indian modern fashion market. For this a collection of contemporary western casualwear was designed and developed. The responses of 100 adolescent girls as respondents were collected and analyzed for the awareness of this art form and its viability in the fashion market. The study revealed that the majority of the sample group were unaware of this printing technique, but found the design and application of this technology to be highly aesthetic in the quality garments developed. There is a good market potential for the fashion products made by this technology of printing. मोनो प्रिंटिंग प्रथम प्रिंटिंग तकनीक है, जो पश्चिमी देषों में कम उम्र के लोगों द्वारा उपलब्ध प्राकृतिक रंगों के साथ पेंटिग के लिए नए प्रकार की सतह बनाने और अब कपड़ों पर भी बनावट बनाने के लिए उपयोग की जाती है। भारत में इसका कोई इतिहास नहीं है। वर्तमान अनुसंधान का उद्देश्य इस प्रिंटिंग तकनीक के बारे में अधिक जानकारी एकत्रित करना और भारतीय आधुनिक फैशन बाजार में इसके भविष्य का पता लगाना है। इस के लिए समकालिक पश्चिमी कैजुअलवियर परिधानों का संग्रह डिजाइन और विकसित किया गया। उत्तरदाताओं के रूप में १०० किशोरियों कीे प्रतिक्रियाओं को एकत्र कर उनमें इस कला की जागरूकता और फैशन बाजार में व्यवहार्यता का विश्लेषण किया गया । अध्ययन से पता चला है कि, सेम्पल समूह में अधिकांष प्रिंटिंग की इस तकनीक से अनभिज्ञ है, लेकिन विकसित गुणवत्तापूर्ण परिधानों की डिजाइन और उनपर इस तकनीक का उपयोग को उन्होंने अत्यधिक सौंदर्यात्मक पाया । प्रिंटिंग की इस तकनीक से तैयार फैशन उत्पादों के लिए बाजार में अच्छी संभावनाएं हैं।

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

The easier and expressive forms of child art are scribbling and drawing. Drawing made by children... more The easier and expressive forms of child art are scribbling and drawing. Drawing made by children, mirror their personality and understanding of their cultural environment. It also helps them in expressing their feelings, emotions, preferences, likes, dislikes, fears, joy, and so on. Sometimes the art and drawing unveil information which they do not express through verbal or written communication. In this digital era, children get exposed to a lot of advertisements through various media. Some of these advertisements have a long-lasting impact on them. The advertised message or some visuals of the advertisement may remain in their conscious or subconscious memory. Advertisers also make efforts to ensure that their message retains in the memory of young prospects. Because when these prospects make the buying decision, the probability of it being in the brand's favour increases. Advertising has a huge influence on the young, tender, and impressionable minds of the children. It reflects in their action and personality. In this research study, I tried to understand the impact of advertisements on children through deciphering their drawings. The children under this research study are from the age group of 8 to 12 years. Their drawings were studied to understand the impression of advertisements on them. The result shows that the advertisements have a noticeable impact on the children which is visible in their drawings.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

Manipuri Nata-Sankirtana is a unique type of performing art form where Manipuri male musicians si... more Manipuri Nata-Sankirtana is a unique type of performing art form where Manipuri male musicians sing Sankirtana using musical instruments such as Pung (Manipuri percussion musical instrument) by Pungyeiba (Pung player), Kartal (Manipuri cymbal) by Eshei-sakpa (singers), and Moibung (Conch Shell) by Moibungkhongba (conch blower) by following its prescribed sequence. The percussion musical instrument, Pung is the soul of such performance. It is necessary to know how Pung Cholom (the dexterous and vigorous movements of the body from head to toe in tune with the beats of playing Pung simultaneously in a creative manner by the Pungyeiba) is done and what are the motor skills involved in performing it. The discussion has the following objectives: Identifying the different parts of the body involved in doing Pung Cholom, knowing the basic foundations for playing Pung, and understanding the basic motor skills for performing Pung Cholom. It uses descriptive qualitative method. This utilizes the tools and techniques of interview and observation. This will bring out the different aspects of Manipuri Pung Cholom helping in the learning area of psychomotor skill, giving global benefits in performing arts.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

With the development of civilization, we get evidence of handicrafts creation art. Many types of ... more With the development of civilization, we get evidence of handicrafts creation art. Many types of were made by humans, whose use is seen in many forms. According to the demand of time and their utility, their form changed. In the present time, the forms, shapes, expressions etc. of the prevailing arts have been changed and influenced. In such a situation, how can ancient arts like handicrafts remain untouched. The desire for new art and new experiments have changed the meaning of handicraft art. In this context, the influence of modern painting can also be on the handicrafts being made in jodhpur district. Handicrafts made of wood and iron sheet can also be seen combined and separately. In this work, handicrafts are being made from 80:20 part of wood and iron sheet and only iron sheet, in which the creation of spiritual form, natural form, human figures and animal and bird forms is very artistic. The mutual competitions have also changed the sentiments and thoughts of the handicraftsmen. Combining antiquity and modernity with the influence of new promises, a new revolution is being initiated in the field of handicrafts. In the present time, handicraft art has also covered the colors, forms and expressions of modern painting.सभ्यता के विकास क्रम के साथ ही हमें हस्तशिल्प सृजन कला के प्रमाण मिलते है। मानव द्वारा कई प्रकार के हस्तशिल्प बनाये गये, जिनका उपयोग कई रूपों में दृष्टिगत होता है। समय की मांग और इनकी उपयोगिता के आधार पर इनके स्वरूप बदलते गये। वर्तमान समय में प्रचलित कलाओं के रूप, आकार, भाव आदि परिवर्तित व प्रभावित हो चुके है। ऐसे में हस्तशिल्पीय जैसी प्राचीन कलाएँ कैसे अछूती रह सकती है। नूतन कला की चाह और नवीन प्रयोगों ने हस्तशिल्पीय कला के मायने ही बदल दिये है। इसी संदर्भ में जोधपुर जिले में बनाये जा रहे हस्तशिल्पों पर भी आधुनिक चित्रकला के प्रभावों को देखा जा सकता है। लकड़ी व लौह चद्दर से बने हस्तशिल्पों को संयुक्त व पृथक रूप में भी देखा जा सकता है। इस कार्य में लकड़ी व लौह चद्दर का 80ः20 भाग एवं सिर्फ लौह चद्दर से भी हस्तशिल्प बनाये जा रहे है, जिनमें आध्यात्मिक रूप, प्राकृतिक रूप, मानवाकृतियॉ व पशु-पक्षी रूपों का सृजन अत्यंत ही कलात्मक है। आपसी प्रतिस्पर्द्धाओं ने हस्तशिल्पी के भावों और विचारों को भी परिवर्तित कर दिया है। नये-नये वादों के प्रभाव के साथ पुरातन व आधुनिकता का मेल करते हुए हस्तशिल्पीय कला के क्षेत्र में मानों नवीन क्रान्ति का सूत्रपात किया जा रहा हो। वर्तमान समय में हस्तशिल्पीय कला भी आधुनिक चित्रकला के रंग, रूप और भावों का आवरण ओढ़ चुकी है।

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

The surplus number of comic magazines that existed in Keralam even before the official formation ... more The surplus number of comic magazines that existed in Keralam even before the official formation of the state in 1956 reinstates the affinity of the Malayalam speaking people towards cartoons. The social situations and the functioning of various institutions like education and employment were a source of inspiration for the cartoonists from Keralam. The high literacy rate of Keralam is not the product of a single day. The foundation work of this had started even before the formation of the state. This paper tries to analyse the education system of Keralam portrayed in the cartoons of cartoonists Toms, Aravindan and Thomas. The cartoons of Toms, Aravindan and Thomas portray the day-today life of Keralam in their social cartoons, including the school life and college life of the period of the second half of the twentieth century. There are two phases in the development of the education sector in Keralam: the first phase focusing mass education where the major capital investor was the state itself and private investment was not encouraged. The second phase witnessed a fast-paced growth and urbanization after the 1970s because of the large-scale migrant remittance. The changing faces of the education system of Keralam can be seen in the cartoons of these select cartoonists.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

Performance is an interesting subject of study and it is the point of intersection for many acade... more Performance is an interesting subject of study and it is the point of intersection for
many academic fields within humanities and social sciences. The studies on
performance, thus, could provide opportunities for exploring different aspects of
human behaviours and their creative reflections on the matters that are intrinsic to the
concept of performance. In pursuit of performance studies, one could come across
various knots that connect performance with every aspect of the socio-cultural life of
people by redefining the stereotypical notions of “stage”, “actors” and “audience.”
Further, the studies on performance could not be placed on a single trajectory as
several approaches, perspectives and orientations that have emerged ever since the
delimitation of performance happened by opening up its boundary for interdisciplinary
studies lead by the undefined ‘performance studies’ of Richard Schechner. However, by
dealing with the performance as a live presentation in all perceived forms of “stages”,
a significant question has been asked in this paper as a token of beginning on the
“problematic” presence of audience as outsiders (non-native and non-belonging) who,
by their nature of reception and response, are understood as those who have no
concern either for the performance or for the performers. While each form, in the
folkloristic sense, is comprising of its natural context along with a dedicated or defined
audience, it seems to be a surprising phenomenon as it developed over a period of time
as a result ofthe prodigious and irresistible globalization process. Thus, the unintended
and unsolicited transformation, as an impact of globalization, in the traditional and
modern performances has shaped the nature and role of ‘audience’, making it an
insignificant and irrelevant entity for the consumption with aesthetic appreciation and
conviction on the values demonstrated. So this article problematizes the nature of
audience in the decontextualized performance context by drawing insights from
performance studies, semiotics, and other cognate disciplines. Based on the insights
drawn from the fieldwork on Sarhul festival held in Ranchi district a few years ago, this
paper argues that the role of audience cannot be understood unless there is a clear
perspective on the nature of performance and performance tradition as defined by the
community

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

Musicology is the study of scientific and intellectually handling of music. This is a colossal su... more Musicology is the study of scientific and intellectually handling of music. This is a colossal subject of music and inquest into the History and phenomenon of music including; life and works of Composers and performers, music theory like melody, rhythm, harmony, modes, aesthetics, form etc. The Historical evidences of Indian Classical music have been discussed in several ancient texts like Veda's, Upanishads, epics way back 2000 years ago. The Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Atharvaveda contains ritual hymns and incantations (vedic chants) , praising the specific dieties during the Sacrificial rituals. The South Indian music has a phlegmatic and pedagogic nature when compared with the music of other unconsecrated Hindustani traditions. This paper highlights the proficiency of Dikshitar's knowledge of Musicology bequeathed from his father Ramaswami Dikshitar, a scholar, musician, learned musicologist, and recipient of many honours and emoluments in the knowledge of music gained sufficient knowledge in musicology who had settled down at Tiruvarur where Dikshitar was born. Tiruvarur then was a seat of learning of Sanskrit and Vedanta. Dikshitar's compositions reflect his deep and thorough knowledge widely through the interpretation of their literature as seen in famous compositions like 'Vatapi Ganapatim Bhaje', 'Amrutavarshini' and others will be discussed with the various rasas created through the ragas as enunciated in the Natyashastra of Bharat Muni.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

Theyyam is a ritual art form exclusive to Northern Kerala, performed by the Scheduled Castes & Sc... more Theyyam is a ritual art form exclusive to Northern Kerala, performed by the Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes. It is the socio-religious movements that gave them a platform to put forth their problems and change the attitude and treatment of upper castes towards them. Until then, it was a medium for them to present the trauma and victimhood long endured by their community under casteism. This is well fabricated in various elements surrounding Theyyam, such as Thottam Pattu. Theyyam also projects the kinds of ritual and spiritual practices of their community. So, this research attempts to read Theyyam as an archive of the subaltern community by borrowing the Archive concept defined by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak in her essay 'The Rani of Sirmur: An Essay in Reading the Archives.' As the art form is linked with religious beliefs, it has survived over the years, recognising the community's struggles under casteism and their heroic figures. Thus, this research also attempts to have a close reading of each element surrounding it.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

There is much truth in the statement that 'breathing is singing' proper breathing is essential fo... more There is much truth in the statement that 'breathing is singing' proper breathing is essential for singing and learning of breath correctly is actually one of the most important aspect to improve the singing voice. Improving breathing technique allows a singer to have more control over their voice and enable them to explore a broader range of notes and to have greater capacity of air and it gives control to expel the breath in order to sustain on the notes for a longer period. The intensity of the voice depends upon the breath forces which regulate the amplitude of the vibrations of the vocal chords. If the foundation of breathing technique is not proper a singer will have poor results, and later will suffer. Good breath management skills are necessary if a singer hopes to be able to sing great wilt skill. So breathing exercise are critical for any aspiring vocalist to achieve singing success. This paper try to discuss on the Important of proper breathing in singing.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

English - In the historical context of Indian painting, if we see, then the ancient Ajanta and Ba... more English - In the historical context of Indian painting, if we see, then the ancient Ajanta and Bagh painting of India were influenced by Buddhism. It also reflects the activities of Indian social life of that time. Ssimilarly, Mughal and Rajput miniature paintings have presented the true from of the society of that time through their painting. Similarly, the paintings of pattachitra style changed their form by mixing these styles. In Odisha, shri Janannath is worshiped in the form of shri Krishna. This famous style arose due to the establishment of Jagannath’s form in Puri during the time of anantvarman(destruction of Indian culture by muslim invaders) and the propagation of jagannath temple. The confluence of devotion, art and culture here gave birth to a new art style which is famous as pattachitra style. It is a unique, elegant and extraordinary art which has also embraced itself with modernity. Its entrie form has been a specific religious and ritualistic. The creation and development of pattachitra in the from it is today is the result of many ages. Odisha is famous all over the world mainly for pattachitras and mundirs. The paintings which are made for the promotion of jagannath temple, which are painted bt the painters in a very beautiful and ornate form, which are called pattachitra are based on the stories of lord jagannath Krishna. Pattachitra art has been a more elaborate and decorative art. Traditionally, thick and bright colors are used in pattachitra even today. It is influenced by the miniature style. Beautifully in the picture. Colorful clothing adornments usually enhance its beauty. Aesthetic trays as well revealed in these painting. Lord jagannath is specially depicted in pattachitra. The constructions of the structures of these paintings are usually made tall and large. Due to the themes of these pattachitras being adapted to the festivals, happiness and enthusiasm are visible in them. All the festivals, rath yatra, boitavandana and Krishna leelas etc. the shining moon of taraganu purnima twinkling in nilgagan with trees like mango, kadam, kaner coconut etc. made in pattachitra, lotus flower, cow, diran, peacock and Yamuna, floattind in the pond. Look beautiful. भारतीय चित्रकला के ऐतिहासिक सन्दर्भ में अगर हम देखें तो भारत के प्राचीन अजन्ता और बाघ के भित्तिचित्र बौद्ध धर्म से प्रभावित थे। यह उस समय के भारतीय सामाजिक जीवन की गतिविधियों को भी प्रतिबिम्बित करते हैं। उसी प्रकार मुगल और राजपूतकालीन लघुचित्रों ने अपने चित्रों के माध्यम से उस समय के समाज का सच्चा रुप प्रस्तुत किया है। उसी प्रकार पट्टचित्र शैली के चित्रों ने इन शैलियों से मिलकर अपने रुप को परिवर्तित किया।

ओड़िशा में श्रीकृष्ण के स्वरुप श्रीजगन्नाथ की ही पूजा की जाती है। पुरी में जगन्नाथजी के स्वरुप की स्थापना अनन्तवर्मन के समय में होने वाले कारणों (मुस्लिम आक्रान्ताओं द्वारा भारतीय संस्कृति को नष्ट करना) व जगन्नाथ मन्दिर का प्रचार-प्रसार से ही इस प्रसिद्ध शैली का उदय हुआ। भक्ति, कला और संस्कृति का जो यहां संगम हुआ है उससे नवीन कला शैली का जन्म हुआ जो पट्टचित्र शैली के नाम से प्रसिद्ध है। यह एक अनूठी लालित्यपूर्ण और असाधारण कला है जिसने अपनी पारम्परिकता को बनायें रखने के साथ स्वंय को आधुनिकता का जामा भी पहनाया है। इसका सम्पूर्ण स्वरुप एक विशिष्ट धार्मिक एवं अनुष्ठानिक रहा है। पट्टचित्र आज जिस स्वरुप में हैं उनका निर्माण व विकास कई युगों की देन है।

ओड़िशा मुख्यरुप से पट्टचित्रों व मन्दिरों के लिये विश्वभर में प्रसिद्ध है। जगन्नाथ मन्दिर के प्रचार-प्रसार के लिये जो चित्र बनाते हैं जिसे चित्रकार बहुत सुन्दर व अंलकृत रुप में चित्रित करते हैं जिन्हें पट्टचित्र कहा जाता है और पट्टचित्र के विषय भगवान जगन्नाथ अर्थात कृष्ण की कथाओं पर आधारित होते हैं। पट्टचित्र कला एक अधिक विस्तृत और सजावटी कला रही है। पारम्परिक तौर पर पट्टचित्र में गाढे और चटक रंगों का प्रयोग आज भी होता है। यह लघुचित्र शैली से प्रभावित हैं। पट्टचित्र में सुन्दर ढंग से रंगीनवस्त्र, अंलकरण आमतौर पर उसकी खूवसूरती को बढा देते हैं। इन पट्टचित्रों में सौन्दर्यपूर्णता है साथ ही विभिन्न रंग व विषयों का पता चलता है। पट्टचित्र में भगवान जगन्नाथ को विशेषरुप से चित्रित किया जाता है। इन चित्रों की संरचनाओं के निर्माण आमतौर पर लम्बे और बड़े तैयार किये जाते हैं। इन पट्टचित्रों के विषय उत्सवों के अनकूल होेने के कारण इनमें खुशी व उत्साह दृष्टिगोचर होता है। वर्षपर्यन्त जितने भी उत्सव, रथयात्रा, बोइताबंदना व कृष्णलीलाओं आदि को विशेष रुप से चित्रित किया जाता है। पट्टचित्र में बने आम, कदम, कनेर, नारियल आदि वृक्षों केे साथ नीलगगन में झिलमिलाते तारागण, पूर्णिमा का चमकता चाँद, तालाब में तैरते कमलपुष्प, गाय, हिरन, मयूर और यमुना का अंकन बहुत सौन्दर्यपूर्ण लगते हैं।

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

English-Various classification methods have been adopted from time to time to give a simple and s... more English-Various classification methods have been adopted from time to time to give a simple and systematic form to Indian ragdari music. An important dimension of this series of classification is 'Raganga-Raga Classification System'. As the name suggests, the raga of the raga is 'ragang', that is, that particular melody of a particular raga, which represents the raga and gives a personal identity, that is 'ragang' and 'ang' means the form of the raga. Certain swar communities and their inherent rhythm-transmission and various musical ornamentation such as meed, kan, gamak etc. are from specific components, from which the distinctive form of the raga emerges.भारतीय रागदारी संगीत को एक सरल एवं सुव्यवस्थित रूप प्रदान करने हेतु समयानुसार विभिन्न वर्गीकरण पद्धतियों को अपनाया गया है। वर्गीकरण की इसी श्रृंखला का एक महत्वपूर्ण आयाम है - ‘रागांग-राग वर्गीकरण पद्धति’। जैसा कि नाम से ही स्पष्ट होता है कि राग का अंग ‘रागांग’ है, अर्थात् किसी राग विशेष की वह विशिष्ट स्वरावलि, जिससे राग का प्रतिनिधित्व हो और एक निजी पहचान प्राप्त हो वह ‘रागांग’ है तथा ‘अंग’ का अभिप्राय राग के कुछ निश्चित स्वर समुदायों व उसमें निहित लय-संचरण एवं विभिन्न सांगीतिक अलंकरण यथा - मीड़, कण, ग़मक आदि विशिष्ट अवयवों से हैं, जिससे राग का विशिष्ट स्वरूप उभर कर आता है।

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

India is known for its textiles and embroidery all over the world. Indications of cotton fabrics ... more India is known for its textiles and embroidery all over the world. Indications of cotton fabrics have been found at the site of the Mohen-jo-Daro excavations and the finest muslins and silks are seen represented in the murals of the Ajanta and Bagh caves. The art of embroidery has been practiced since the remote ages in India. At the excavations made at Mohen-jo-Daro, bronze needles have been found which were most probably used for purposes of embroidery. Ancient literature and sculptures also prove the antiquity of the art of embroidery in India.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

English-Indian art and culture, in any case are a joint creation of the dravadian and Aryan geniu... more English-Indian art and culture, in any case are a joint creation of the dravadian and Aryan genius a welding together of symbolic and representative, abstract explicit language and thought. Already at Bharhut and Sanchi, 'The Aryan symbal is yielding to its environment and passing into decoration kushan art with the fact of imagery and its roots in bhakti is essentially Darvidian'. Already, however, the Indian shanti Figure at Bodhgaya shows Aryan affecting Dravidian models of expression, anticipating the essential of all latar 'Sativik Images'. बुद्ध काल में मठों में संकीर्तन की तरह संगीत का प्रचलन प्रारम्भ हुआ। भगवान बुद्ध स्वयं एक उत्तम संगीतज्ञ थे। महात्मा बुद्ध ने ईश्वर प्राप्ति और मोक्ष अथवा निर्वाण हेतु बौद्ध धर्म के सरल तथा सुगम मार्ग का प्रवर्तन किया। उन्होंने प्राचीन मंत्रो, आध्यात्मिक गीतों तथा नृत्य आदि को नीरांजन (आरती) के लिए उपयुक्त मानते हुए संस्कृतनिष्ठ प्रार्थनाओं के स्थान पर देशी भाषाओं में रचित प्रार्थनाओं के प्रयोग पर बल दिया। उन्होने कृष्ण की प्रतिमाओं के प्रति विशेष श्रद्धा प्रकट की।

बौद्ध युग की कला एवं संस्कृति तथा कलाकृतियों में आर्य तथा द्रविड़ जातियों से ग्रहण की गई आध्यात्मिक परम्पराओं तथा इष्ट देवों की पूजा-विधियों के ही पुनर्दर्शन होते हैं। इस संदर्भ में डाॅ. स्वरूप कुमार स्वामी का यह कथन दृष्टव्य है।

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

English-It is a matter of the beginning of the twentieth century when the artists of the Kathak w... more English-It is a matter of the beginning of the twentieth century when the artists of the Kathak world did not have shelter because the patronage of the Nawab of Awadh, Wajid Ali Shah, had ended. It was well decorated, it was decorated by Kathak artists under the protection of their ancestors and Nawab Sahib. After the 19th century, there was silence in the last phase. In the Kathak world. The artistes lost their prestige and started wandering to earn their living as the Nawab Sahib was no more. यह बात है बीसवी शताब्दी के आरंम्भ की जब कत्थक जगत के कलाकारो को आश्रय नही था क्योंकि अवध के नवाब वाजिद अली शाह का सरपरस्ती खत्म हो गई थी। खूब सजाया था, संवारा था कत्थक कलाकारो ने अपने पूर्वजों और नवाब साहब के संरक्षण में। 19वीं शताब्दी के बाद अन्तिम चरण में सन्नाटा छा गया था। कथक जगत में। कलाकारों को शान-शौकत खत्म हो गई और वे जीवीकापार्जन के लिए भटकने लगे क्योंकि नवाब साहब नही रहे थे।

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

Human beings have been interested in the environment around them since the beginning of history. ... more Human beings have been interested in the environment around them since the beginning of history. Man learned to use fire and other instruments to change the environment. The things around an organism which affect its life activities, form the environment. In reality, the organism and the environment are dependent on each other. It is impossible to imagine the existence of one separate from the other. The existence of all living beings depends on the surrounding environment. मानव इतिहास के प्रारम्भ से ही अपने चारों ओर के पर्यावरण में रूचि रखता आया है। मनुष्य ने अग्नि तथा अन्य यन्त्रों का प्रयोग पर्यावरण को परिवर्तित करने के लिए सीखा। जीवों के चारों ओर की वस्तुऐं जो उसकी जीवन-क्रियाओं को प्रभावित करती हैं, वातावरण का निर्माण करती हैं। यथार्थ में जीव और पर्यावरण एक दूसरे पर आश्रित हैं। एक की दूसरे से पृथक सत्ता की कल्पना करना असम्भव है। सभी जीवों का अस्तित्व चारों ओर के पर्यारण पर निर्भर करता है।

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

Whenever we look at an artwork, we often don't know about what is the difference in between, seei... more Whenever we look at an artwork, we often don't know about what is the difference in between, seeing and observing. We often perceive the overall effect created by that work of art, without noticing the details. Off course, the effect created by that artwork in total plays an important part in evoking both positive and negative emotions. But there are few images which speak to the mind and inner self within minutes or seconds. In Visual Art the artists have ben recording, incidents, ideas and messages. The reason why it has been labelled for documenting, illustrating and narrative qualities. There is no possible way in which we understand a work of art through magic. We cannot imagine reading novel/ book just by looking at its cover. With the same note we should conclude that every painting has some hidden message to it. Which cannot be seen all at once, unless and until if one tries to look. By looking I mean observing carefully and with enough curiosity, to understand the characters and the story that it narrates. There can be no ascertain way where we see that certain paintings affect us deeply while others leave us cold, no criteria for a painting as to why it becomes a famous work of art, later known as a masterpiece to the world.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

English-All the arts are result of human nature & Beauty. one of the ancient primitive art and th... more English-All the arts are result of human nature & Beauty. one of the ancient primitive art and the cultured art and on the other hand, the development of folk art takes place. Folk art often consists of religious narratives, religious traditions, religious symbols and a part from fictional mythological events, social festivals and social beliefs are based on the background. Art is incomplete without each other in terms of folk art and classical art. These two forces are complementary to each other. This most of the paintings of our Indian miniature painting style are based on poems and literature. The miniature paintings of Malwa are for spiritual enjoyment, it is a reflection of its civilization and culture, in which The people there are not able to see the spirit of life. important various elements of Malwa miniature painting style of folk art For many subjects (literature) such as Kalpasutra, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Devi Mahatmaya, Bustan of Saadi are based on. that are spiritual and historical respectively. Pictures based on poems are made on enchantment/affairs (Radha Krishna) and Nayika Bhed respectively. In The subjects of the pictures are like-Rasik Priya, Barhamasa, Ragamala, Rasaveli. In which we get the elements of art, human figures, nature Illustrations are visible through colour, line, form, tone, texture, space in architectural marking. Bhakti and yoga in Indian Art along with this, special emphasis was placed on the expression of emotion, due to which the art of Malwa remained intact. Folk art traditions contained in Malwa Miniatures are still prevalent in villages and cities and in many museums. It is safe and people have unwavering faith in these folk traditions. सम्पूर्ण कलाऐं मनुष्य की सौन्दर्यवृत्ति का परिणाम है। प्राचीन आदिम कला में से एक ओर सुसंस्कृत कला का और दूसरी ओर लोककला का विकास होता है। लोककला प्रायः धार्मिक आख्यानों, धार्मिक परम्पराओं, धार्मिक प्रतीकों एवं काल्पनिक पौराणिक प्रसंगों के अतिरिक्त सामाजिक त्यौहारों तथा सामाजिक मान्यताओं की पृष्ठभूमि पर आधारित होती है। लोककला और शास्त्रीय कला दोनों ही कला एक दूसरे के बिना अधूरी है। ये दोनों ही एक दूसरे के पूरक है। इसी सन्दर्भ में हमारी भारतीय लघु चित्रशैली के अधिकांश चित्रों के विषय काव्यों तथा साहित्य (ग्रन्थों) पर आधारित है। मालवा की लघु चित्रकला आध्यात्मिक आनन्द को लिए हुए है, उसकी सभ्यता और संस्कृति का वह प्रतिबिम्ब है, जिसमें वहाँ के जन जीवन की आत्मा के दर्शन होते हैं। मालवा लघुचित्र शैली के चित्र लोककला के विभिन्न महत्वपूर्ण तत्व लिए कई विषय (साहित्य) जैसे- कल्पसूत्र, रामायण, महाभारत, देवी महात्मय, बुस्तान आफ सादी पर आधारित है। जो क्रमशः आध्यात्मिक और ऐतिहासिक है। काव्यों पर आधारित चित्र क्रमशः प्रेमकथाओं तथा नायिका भेद पर बने है। इन चित्रों के विषय जैसे- रसिक प्रिया, बारहमासा, रागमाला, रसवेली है। जिसमें हमें लोककला के तत्व मनुष्याकृतियों, प्रकृति चित्रण, स्थापत्य अंकन में रंग, रेखा, रूप, तान, पोत, अन्तराल के द्वारा दृष्टिगोचर होते है। भारतीय कला में भक्ति एवं योग के साथ-साथ भाव की अभिव्यक्ति की ओर विशेष जोर दिया गया, जिसके कारण मालवा की कला भी अक्षुण बनी रही। मालवा लघुचित्रों में समाहित लोककला परम्परायें आज भी गाँव व शहरों में प्रचलित हैं और कई संग्रहालयों में सुरक्षित है तथा इन लोक परम्पराओं पर लोक मानस की अटूट श्रृद्धा है।

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

The unanimous opinion among religious philosophers is that the Vedas and bhakti are two different... more The unanimous opinion among religious philosophers is that the Vedas and bhakti are two different denominators of approach to God in Indian tradition. However, the Tamil Vaiṣṇava mystics, the Āḻvārs find a harmonious blend of the two modes in ritual worship. The present article examines the pros and cons of the problem from a study of the hymns beginning with the Mutal (Early) Āḻvārs and last in the train, Tirumaṅkai. The cited hymns are replete with the bounties of nature associated with the divyadeśa-Kōvalūr that we examine for a case study. Bhakti or the Veda is the euphony linked with nature. The present article explains how the Āḻvārs had harmonized the Veda with bhakti. These are complementary modes of approach to God. They are not conflicting phenomena. By the way, data bearing on flora and fauna dumped in the twenty-one hymns on Kōvalūr are presented in a capsule (Attachment).

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2021

English-A small town named Chandvad is situated on the Agra-Mumbai highway between Nashik and Mal... more English-A small town named Chandvad is situated on the Agra-Mumbai highway between Nashik and Malegaon in the state of Maharashtra. The Holkar's palace at Chandvad was built between 1753 and 1797. Many paintings have been made on the walls of this palace, which are older than the paintings of Rajbara found in Indore, but from the point of view of study, these paintings could be known much later. In 1929 the eminent archaeologist Shri R.D. When the Chandvad palace was surveyed by Banerjee, no importance was given to the painted walls there. After 12 years, the then District Collector of Nashik district, Shri H. F. Knight saw these paintings in AD 1933 and asked Sir J.J. School of Art Bombay's Director Shri H.J. King was invited. Mr. King was very impressed by those pictures and he studied those pictures closely and sent his report to the Holkar state. The princely state of Holkar again sent Kalaguru Devlalikar ji from Indore to Chandvad for a classi ied study of those paintings. After about ten years of all these activities, these paintings were preserved in 1944 AD. The frescoes built here were probably built between 1753 and 1797 AD during the construction of the Rajwada. महाराष्ट्र राज्य के नासिक तथा मालेगांव के मध्य आगरा मुम्बई राजमार्ग पर चांदवढ़ नामक एक छोटा सा कस्बा बसा है। चांदवढ़ स्थित होल्करों का राजप्रासाद 1753 से 1797 के मध्य निर्मित किया गया था । इस राजमहल की भित्तियों पर अनेक चित्र बने हैं जो कि इंदौर में प्राप्त राजबाड़े के चित्रों की तुलना में प्राचीन हैं लेकिन अध्ययन की दृष्टि से इन चित्रों का बहुत बाद में जाना जा सका । 1929 में सुप्रसिद्ध पुरातत्ववेत्ता श्री आर.डी. बैनर्जी द्वारा चांदवढ़ राजमहल का सर्वेक्षण किया गया तब वहां की चित्रित भित्तियों को कोई महत्व नहीं दिया गया। इसके 12 वर्ष बाद नासिक जिले के तत्कालीन जिलाधीश श्री एच. एफ. नाइट ने ई. 1933 में इन चित्रों को देखा और उनके महत्व का सही मूल्यांकन करने के लिये सर जे.जे. स्कूल ऑफ आर्ट बाम्बे के संचालक श्री एच.जे. किंग को आमंत्रित किया गया । श्री किंग उन चित्रों से अत्यन्त प्रभावित हुए तथा उन्होंने उन चित्रों का बारीकी से अध्ययन किया तथा अपनी रिपोर्ट होल्कर राज्य को भेजी । होल्कर रियासत ने पुनः इंदौर से कलागुरू देवलालीकर जी को उन चित्रों का वर्गीकृत अध्ययन करने चांदवढ़ भेजा। इन सब गतिविधियों के लगभग दस वर्षों बाद 1944 ई. में इन चित्रों को संरक्षित किया गया । यहां निर्मित भित्तिचित्र संभवतः राजवाड़े के निर्माण के समय 1753 से 1797 ई. के मध्य निर्मित हुए थे ।1

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

This research paper explores the role of communication within rural India, focusing on a rural ec... more This research paper explores the role of communication within rural India, focusing on a rural economic zone called "Protovillage", in Andhra Pradesh, India. The paper investigates how Protovillage has achieved its resilient living and how it is looking to enhance its communication system with neighbouring communities by introducing a newsletter service. It highlights the importance of communication in rural areas and how it can be used as a tool for development and social change. The research presents the community stories of Protovillage and how they have built themselves a resilient way of life. It further explores the current communication strategies within rural India and how the potential benefits of the proposed newsletter service in Protovillage can be used to foster communication within the village, with nearby villages, and with the entire rural community in India.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

In contrast to other spatial perceptions, why do architects prefer to design, map, and depict the... more In contrast to other spatial perceptions, why do architects prefer to design, map, and depict the visual? In addition to the visible, immaterial, and intangible aspects of space, architecture also addresses the minimal qualities that exist between the solid and the fluid as well as the ambiguous materiality of sound and smell. The human touch and multi-sensorial connection are what make the experience more intense.
Today's building envelopes are made of tactile boundaries and visually perceptible borders that are an abstraction of the human body. This relies on vision, smell, and touch. For example, improving one's sense of smell may improve the perception of the surroundings. This is particularly intriguing because it emphasizes the significance of this sense and serves as a reminder of the possibility of sensory-sensitive information that is responsive and environment-adaptive.
Individuals have different sensory perceptions of odours, just as different people have different needs for ambient and appropriate temperatures in a location. Although each person subjectively interprets these and responds differently, an individual instantaneously receives this information of change in the environment when any of the three aspects of scent, namely flow, intensity, or duration, are disturbed or augmented.
Based on the methods used to acquire smell, data can be divided into four basic categories: observational, experimental, simulational, and generated. The intensity of a smell also fluctuates according to how far it is from its source, which will gradually wither away as time and distance pass. The study would help establish a parallel between smell and colour preferences. Researching if people’s preferences for colour and smell can be classified based on fixed parameters. McLean et al. (2018), pp 9-19
Humans, however, can identify millions of distinct odours just by using their nose's smell receptors. So, it's an intriguing idea to incorporate smells into the process of designing a space. Although fragrances themselves cannot be represented visually and their ability to transport us to a different place and time cannot be demonstrated, they are nonetheless essential components of a setting that makes us feel at ease and at home.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2022

This essay discusses how the imagination of women in India is framed up by the gender-biased myth... more This essay discusses how the imagination of women in India is framed up by the gender-biased mythical representations. By looking at the mythical representations that are circulated through centuries in many popular mages, paintings and calendar-portraits, a discursive pattern can be found that has positioned women in a secondary level, belonging to men. The family itself becomes a political site in the process of normalizing women’s submissiveness to men by comparing their actions with the Goddesses. By interrogating the gendered position of Goddess like Lakshmi and her male counterpart Lord Vishnu, this essay attempts to problematize with the mode of representation in religious visual images. I conclude by arguing that these religious representations in visual images have negative impact on the Hindu women, especially, in rural areas and thus keep the unhealthy gender role intact in Indian society.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2022

Amar Chitra Katha, being comics and described by its makers as a route to Indian roots, has repla... more Amar Chitra Katha, being comics and described by its makers as a route to Indian roots,
has replaced the stereotypical western comic book superheroes by narrating and
celebrating native heroes fetched from Indian history, mythology, legends and folk
culture satisfying the needs of comic-book adventurism as well as an education achieved
through entertainment. The Amar Chitra Katha ‘heroic’ graphic historical biographies
were not merely intended to be a source of historical knowledge about India but also an
inspiration to emulate the ideals of such heroes of native history. The present paper is a
study of graphic visualizations of certain episodes related to tiger-hunting in select
historical titles of Amar Chitra Katha. The paper attempts to critically examine the politics
of visual aesthetics and graphic narration of historical facts related to the tiger- hunting
available in such graphic historical biographies and thereby tries to diagnose whether
such historical representations need to be analyzed with regard to the methodologies of
representation involving postcolonial nationalist writing back or communal stereotyping
and rewritten according to the pressing needs of the contemporary world concerning
erosion of wildlife and anthropogenic natural disorder.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2022

Environmental concern is a cognizable topic in current days; almost every industry has initiated ... more Environmental concern is a cognizable topic in current days; almost every industry has initiated to put positive effort into dealing with the negative impact of the production and consumption. Digitalization is being practiced as a better outcome, but it also significantly affects the environment. CO2e has been identified as a pollutant through digital procedures caused by digital carbon emission. Almost half of the population is online, so it is becoming increasingly common to broadcast advertisements for better communication, which is one of the most contributing practices to carbon emissions. The maximum data transmission frequency is a driving key for the digital carbon footprint. The other significant key drivers are size, dimension, resolution, and color application in the graphics, which are the essential elements of graphic design. Therefore, it is a natural question what the role of graphic design in can be minimizing carbon emissions and what measures a graphic designer can take as a responsibility. After recording the in-depth opinions of designers and students, an attempt was made to outline the influential factors for the responsibilities of graphic designers to reduce the digital carbon footprint to elicit an answer to the above question.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2022

Cynthia Ozick is an emphatic voice of new Jewish American novels who reveals various issues that ... more Cynthia Ozick is an emphatic voice of new Jewish American novels who reveals various issues that a Jew has to face while living in mainstream American culture. She advocates ethnicity and chooses the comic mode to reveal the truth. Charles Krauthammer's works try to define the issue of being Jewish in today's American society via his novels, short stories, and essays. Ozick uncovered a plethora of previously unexplored area by delving deep into Judaism's most ancient religious texts. The present paper aims at the in-depth study of the second collection of short stories "Bloodshed and three Novellas'. In these stories Ozick which focuses on the betrayal of tradition by Jews. She brings out the hilarious situations and ideas by focusing on various flaws and blemishes in the personalities of her characters. She also mocks at their defective physical appearances. In fact, the comic elements in her fiction have a much higher purpose than only evoking laughter. The present paper also attempts to study how Ozick's comedy is a mirror of human reality and focuses on humanity. The present paper is an endeavor to show how Ozick's comedy has a fair share of flippancy, folly, and jest and how it manifests itself in forms like irony, satire, grotesque, and farce.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2022

English: In this paper, brief research work has been present on the motifs of Parmara period Parv... more English: In this paper, brief research work has been present on the motifs of Parmara period Parvati sculptures collected in the Museum of Vikram Kirti Mandir, Ujjain. In which the work done by the sculptor of the Parmara era is to be described. Different names of Ujjain city, its importance and geographical location have been described in this paper. Along with this, a brief description of the name and form of the goddess has been presented. In this paper, a pictorial description of the Parvati statues collected in the museum has been given. The purpose of which is to reach the beauty of Parmar's Parvati sculpture to the masses.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2022

Kumaun region is situated in the eastern of Uttarakhand state. This part of eastern Uttarakhand i... more Kumaun region is situated in the eastern of Uttarakhand state. This part of eastern Uttarakhand is known as Kumaun region. Like other provinces, kumauan region if also famous for its folk art. Folk art of this region is named as ‘Aipan’. This folk art is quite similar to ‘Alpana’ and ‘Mandana’ which are famous folk styles from Bengal and Rajasthan. The most important colour used is white which is made by grinding rice into a fine powder, liquefied and then painted using finger tips. Folk life of people of kumaun has a balanced adaptation of dependence and utility with nature. Village life is very much affected by globalization and marketism and in today’s era of synthetic colours, acrylics, print and ceramics, it is necessary to study our experience, inspect it and then make it documented. ‘Aipan’ is mostly painted in kumaun households on the occasion of festivals, auspicious ceremonies and worships. “Since ancient times in Indian folk life, there has been a sense of worship towards the earth and so is the tradition of ‘Aipan’. This tradition of painting aipan on the household walls during major ceremonies, festivals and marriages is age old.” 1 Folk art is the cultural dignity of any nation. “Even in this limitation, the cultures have the same vision in their basic rule. Folk art is of national importance. By consolidating our culture, the land of folk art keeps moving forward at the same pace. There are no convex waves in it, there is no roaring index that is, the respect of the ocean is serious and infinite” 2 . Folk art is generally done using natural and accessible resources. Natural colours are considered pure.

Their folk art is filled with emotions of welfare, faith and trust. These folk arts are not the art of any one individual, but the collective art expression of common people. The colours used by cave people during pre-historic times were black, white, red and ochre. Colours were used in limited quantities
which is seen in district caves of kumaun such as falsima, petshaal, lakhudiyar,, lwethap, fadaknoli.
Colours such as red, ochre, white etc can be seen in these murals. In reference to use of colours in prehistoric times, Dr Premshankar Devidi has quoted: “limited colours were used in the pre-historic times such as gerua, white, khadia, hironji and coal powder. These colours were prepared by grinding using stones. The surface used by these primitive artists were mainly walls and ceilings which were not bounded to a limited dimension.”

कुमाऊँ मध्य हिमालय में स्थित पूर्वी उत्तराखण्ड है। उत्तराखण्ड राज्य का यह पूर्वी भाग कुमाऊँ मंडल के नाम से जाना जाता है। कुमाऊँ क्षेत्र भी अनेकों लोककला प्रान्तों की तरह प्रसिद्ध है। इस क्षेत्र की लोक अंकन शैली को ऐपण नाम से जाना जाता है। यह लोक अंकन शैली बंगाल की ‘अल्पना‘, राजस्थान की ‘मांडना‘ से अधिकांशतः मेल खाती है। प्रमुख रंगत सफेद है जो कि चावलों को पत्थर में पीसकर विस्वार के रूप में तैयार की जाती है, फिर अंगुलियों के पोरों से अंकन किया जाता है। लोकजीवन का प्रकृति के साथ निर्भरता और उपयोगिता का सन्तुलित अनूकूलन है। वर्तमान समय में गाँव भी वैश्विकरण एवं बाजारवाद से गहराई से प्रभावित है। आज के समय मंे एक्रेलिक रंग, सेन्थेटिक रंग, प्रिंट, टाइल्स, सेरेमिक के दौर में, आवश्यक है कि अपने अनुभव, अध्ययन और निरीक्षण को लिपिबद्ध किया जाये।
कुमाऊँ मंडल में प्रत्येक त्यौहार मांगलिक कार्यो, पूजा अर्चना प्रत्येेक माह की संक्रांत को लोक अंकन का प्रयोग आंशिक या अधिकतम रूप में ग्रामीण घर-आँगन में किया जाता है। यह परंपरा प्राचीनकाल से ही विद्यमान है “भारतीय लोक जीवन में प्राचीन काल से ही धरती के प्रति अथाह पूजा भाव रहा है। पर्व, त्यौहार तथा विवाह-शादी के समय मंगल चिन्हों को दीवार तथा आँगन पर अंकित करने का पुराना रिवाज है।”1 “लोक कला किसी भी राष्ट्र की सांस्कृतिक मर्यादा है। इस मर्यादा में अनुश्युत भिन्न-भिन्न संस्कृतियाॅ अनपे मूल रूप में एक ही दृष्टिगत होती हैं। लोक कला का रायट्रीय महत्व है। हमारी सांस्कृतिक भाव भ्ूामि को अभिसंचित करके लोक कला की धारा समान गति से निरंतर आगे बडती रहती है। इसमें उत्ताल तरंगे नहीं, गर्जन-तर्जन नहीं है, वह तो सागर के समान गंभीर और अन्नत है।“2 । लोक अंकन प्राकृतिक एवं सुलभ संसाधनों से किया जाता है। प्राकृतिक रंग शुद्ध व पवित्र माने जाते है। उनके लोक चित्रण में लोक कल्याण की भावना सदैव विद्यमान रहती थी जो आस्था, विश्वास और आध्यात्म से ओत-प्रोत रहती है। यह लोक कलाऐं किसी एक व्यक्ति की कला नहीं है बल्कि लोकजन सामान्य की सामूहिक कला अभिव्यक्ति है।
प्रागैतिहासिक काल में मानव गुफाओं में जिन रंगों प्रयोग करते थे, वे रंग काले, सफेद, लाला, गेरूआ थे। रंगो का प्रयोग सीमित रूप में किया जाता था जिनके प्रमाण यहाँ जनपद में प्राप्त गुफाओं फलसीमा, पेटशाल, लखुउड्यार, ल्वेथाप, फडकनौली आदि की भित्ति पर बने अंकन में देखा जा सकता है। इन भित्ति चित्रों में भी लाल, गेरूआ, सफेद आदि रंगो का प्रयोग किया गया है। प्रागैतिहासिक मानव द्वारा प्रयोग किये जाने वाले रंगो के सन्दर्भ में डाॅ. प्रेमशंकर द्विवेदी ने लिखा है - “प्रागैतिहासिक चित्रों में सीमित रंगों का प्रयोग किया गया है जिसमें गेरू, सफेद, मिट्टी (खडिया), हिरौजी, कोयले की कालिख प्रमुख रंग थे। इन रंगों को पास की शिलाओं पर ही पीसकर तैयार किया जाता है। आदिम कलाकार का चित्रतल समस्त दीवार या छत होती थी। चित्रतल का कोई निश्चित सीमांकन नही होता था।

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2022

English: In the archaeological Museum located in Mathura district of Uttar Pradesh, the Kushan pe... more English: In the archaeological Museum located in Mathura district of Uttar Pradesh, the Kushan period Bodhisattva idols have been engraved with great efficiency by the craftsman here. In these idols, the body is shown to be attractive and with shapely muscles. Clear expressions, light, salvatdar clothes have been engraved. In these sculptures the artist has used red sandstone with white spots. The reign of Kushan emperors Kanishka, Huviska and Vasudeva is considered to be the 'golden period' of Mathura art.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2022

In India, the period between 1968–1975 assumes a special significance in terms of efforts to deve... more In India, the period between 1968–1975 assumes a special significance in terms of efforts to develop a new aesthetic in filming style and cinematic language.

A new kind of cinema suddenly emerges from a government initiative in the form of 'The Film Finance Corporation. The plan did not have the attractiveness of substantial financial support for film production and therefore did not have much appeal to established directors, actors, and technicians of mainstream cinema. But this new platform attracted experimental trends and budding filmmakers and technicians from film institutes as it did not have the burden of making money from films.

This new wave that emerged in Indian cinema gave ample opportunities to the educated youth in the filmmaking field. Poona Film Institute's newly passed out cinematographer K.K. Mahajan got ample opportunity to cinematograph most of the film’s representative of the new wave that emerged from this innovation. Inspired by the Italian neorealism and French poetic realism, some of the major films that established their original cinematic identity were ‘Sara Akash’ (1969) with director Basu Chatterjee, ‘Uski Roti’ (1970) with director Mani Kaul, ‘Maya Darpan’ (1972) with Kumar Sahani and in ‘Chorus’ (1974) with director Mrinal Sen, K.K. Mahajan developed a new style of filming by forming creative partnerships with a variety of directors. This research paper attempts to find out the distinctive contribution of KK Mahajan as an "Auteur" in the use and development of cinematic language through textual analysis of the National Award-winning film ‘Sara Akash’ (1969) for Cinematography.

फ़िल्मांकन-शैली की दृष्टि से एक नया सौंदर्यबोध और सिनेमाई भाषा विन्यास को विकसित करने के प्रयासों की दृष्टि से भारत में 1968-1975 के बीच का कालखंड एक विशेष महत्व रखता है। ‘फ़िल्म वित्त निगम’ के रूप में एक सरकारी पहल से एक नए तरह का सिनेमा अचानक उभरने लगता हैं। इस योजना में फ़िल्म निर्माण के लिए भरपूर वित्तीय सहयोग का आकर्षण नहीं था अतः मुख्यधारा के सिनेमा के स्थापित निर्देशकों, अभिनेताओं और तकनीशियनों के लिए कुछ खास नहीं था। किन्तु इस नए मंच ने प्रयोगशील प्रवृत्ति और फिल्म संस्थानों से निकले नवोदित फ़िल्मकारों एवं तकनीशियनों को आकर्षित किया क्योंकि इसमें फिल्मों से पैसे कमा कर देने का बोझ भी नहीं था। भारतीय सिनेमा में उभरी इस नई लहर ने फ़िल्म निर्माण विधा के शिक्षित युवाओं को भरपूर मौके दिए। पूना फ़िल्म संस्थान के नए-नए ही निकले सिनेमेटोग्राफर के.के.महाजन को इसी नवाचार से उभरी नई लहर की प्रतिनिधि अधिकांश फिल्मों की सिनेमेटोग्राफ़ी का भरपूर मौका मिला। इतालवी नव-यथार्थवाद और फ्रेंच काव्यात्मक यथार्थवाद से प्रेरित किन्तु अपनी मौलिक सिनेमाई पहचान स्थापित करने वाली कुछ प्रमुख फिल्मों जैसे निर्देशक बासु चटर्जी के साथ ‘सारा आकाश’ (1969), निर्देशक मणि कौल के साथ ‘उसकी रोटी’ (1970), कुमार साहनी के साथ ‘माया दर्पण’ (1972) और निर्देशक मृणाल सेन के साथ ‘कोरस’ (1974) में, के.के. महाजन ने विविध निर्देशकों के साथ रचनात्मक साझेदारी करते हुए फ़िल्मांकन की नई शैली विकसित की। यह शोधपत्र सिनेमॅटोग्राफी का राष्ट्रीय पुरस्कार प्राप्त फ़िल्म ‘सारा आकाश’ (1969) के पाठ्य विश्लेषण द्वारा सिनेमाई भाषा के उपयोग एवं विकास में के.के.महाजन के एक “ओतर“ के रूप में विशिष्ठ योगदान को जानने का प्रयास करता हैं।

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2022

Art has always been an open filled for women artists and an important tool for social and politic... more Art has always been an open filled for women artists and an important tool for social and political articulation from a gender perspective, so they have expressed many forms of repression and discrimination by using various media and by incorporating both traditional and modern-day motifs. A large number of them have been active even in the pre-independence era of India, as the visibility of women-made art production grew, which can be contributed to the prominence of Sunayana Devi of famed Jorasnako Tagore residence of Calcutta and Paris educated painter Amrita Sher-Gil with their pioneering works. My objectives are to study contemporary women artists in Assam in specific of recent time of last 30 years and their concerns on globalization, gender politics and ecology of Assam.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2022

There are six surviving manuscripts under the category of Subika namely Subika, Subika Achouba, S... more There are six surviving manuscripts under the category of Subika namely Subika, Subika
Achouba, Subika Laishaba, Subika Choudit, Subika Cheithil, and Thengrakhel Subika. For
this paper the manuscript “Subika Laishaba'' has been discussed. Illustration of Subika
Laishaba is the manuscript painting among the earliest surviving visual arts forms of
Manipur. Though the advent of Subika Laishaba paintings has lately acquired from
various individual collections, the painting possesses an interesting area of studying its
visual elements and cultural values of Meitei community. The painting of Subika Laisaba
is a composition of cultural motifs made by pre-existing features and other influences
stimulated from their cultural worldviews. Such cultural ethics of scriber makes them to
create a unique style seen as indication of establishing a thought of school in which
cultural and regional features are highlighted. Subika Laishaba manuscripts represent the
direct and authentic continuation of the tradition of Meitei cultural life projected through
visual images. Though there is no particular founder mentioned in the royal
chronicle/history known as Cheitharol Kumbaba, there may be a possibility that the art
form may have existed when the writing tradition was introduced in the state. This paper
is an attempt to study its purposes and visual language portrayed in the Subika Laishaba
manuscripts to understand its school in the realm of visual art. This study of visual
language may be able to work without judgment and self-criticism.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2022

During the Covid-19 pandemic, the production of art and its distribution were severely hit worldw... more During the Covid-19 pandemic, the production of art and its distribution were severely hit worldwide. The folk forms were the worst affected due to various public gathering restrictions. Challenged by the question of survival, the folk artists experimented with the available resources of art production and distribution. Social media being the most affordable and accessible platform of content distribution came to the rescue of many folk artists who disseminated their performances on social media recorded or live. Inspired largely by David Berlo's Source-Message-Channel-Receiver (SMCR) model of communication, this paper investigates the challenges faced by the performers and audience during and after the transition and adaptations made in communication, attitude, knowledge; content, elements, structure, treatment, and code to surmount them. In-depth interviews with performers and audiences of this new experimentation were taken for various folk-art forms, e.g., Parai, Street play, and Puppetry of Tamil Nadu. The data were analyzed using the Grounded Theory (interpretative) method both manually and with the help of online software. The findings of the study reveal many noteworthy aspects of traditional media content conceptualization, production, distribution, and audience reception in the digital era with some possible opportunities and threats.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2022

Digital illustration, a dominant form of digital art, has been an accessible and widespread means... more Digital illustration, a dominant form of digital art, has been an accessible and widespread means of expression. This has become a vital tool to propagate ideas owing its popularity to its highly intelligible nature. Digital illustrations have enlarged the prospects of artistic creation and constitute a field in which we see possibilities for future research. The paper surveys how people of Uttarakhand and Chhattisgarh, aged between 16 to 27 years perceive the idea of spreading awareness related to women through digital illustrations on social media. The study explores and brings conclusions through surveys and interviews about the potential of digital illustrations in instigating awareness by bringing attention to the challenges faced by women. Visual communication is the strongest medium to communicate in the present era. The study finds that the art of digital illustration has the ability to provoke unconventional thoughts in an ever-growing social media user base. However, the study also finds that for digital artists, recognition for their original work remains challenging.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2022

English: There is a famous saying-good things should always be accepted and bad things should alw... more English: There is a famous saying-good things should always be accepted and bad things should always be discarded. But in the context of Indian media, this proverb has a different meaning. In the present era Indian media especially broadcasting media is following western and European countries. This is a worrying situation, which is very important to get control in time. But the way the current media is moving towards digital platforms, the boundaries of news are shrinking. In the case of media convergence, the condition of broadcast journalism cannot be said to be very good. Not everything is negative though. In the era of globalization, the Internet has also served to enrich broadcast journalism. This is the reason that now along with traditional media, digital media has increased penetration among the people. Monopoly has also ended with the news. The truth is reaching the public fast.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2022

English: The history of art in the present day is any activity or man-made means of expressing th... more English: The history of art in the present day is any activity or man-made means of expressing thoughts, feelings, in a visual form, for aesthetics or communication purposes. From time to time the arts were classified into various forms. In the formation of culture from prehistoric times to the present, palm leaves have a special significance in the contribution of art, which is still a living art in Odisha. Palm leaf was extensively used for writing and illustration. Odisha is considered to be the richest state in terms of pothis. The role of Odisha State Museum in this is unique, which is making the visitors well acquainted with the palm leaf art of Odisha. A main feature is the writing work with illustrations on palm leaves. Even in the narrow gap of the palm leaf, artistic combination is formed on seeing it, in which sweet pothis have been created by establishing harmony in the art elements. Generally, picture composition means to organize various visual elements in an artistic way or to give them a beautiful arrangement. On the subject of combination, Indian and Western scholars have created many texts by explaining many theories, so on the basis of these principles, we will present a combinational interpretation of the palm leaf paintings of Gitagovind Pothi. In these palm leaf paintings, mainly elements like line, color, tone, shape etc. have been expressed and created. Like the elements of art, the principles of combination have their own importance, in the absence of which the combination cannot be successful. The 8 main principles of composition are repetition, harmony, opposition, proportion, balance, effectiveness, rhythm, and unity.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2022

English: Folklife has always been inspiring the artist. As a result of this inspiration, the folk... more English: Folklife has always been inspiring the artist. As a result of this inspiration, the folk painting style has descended at its highest level in the world. The artists have expressed themselves through their art whether it is struggling moments of folklife or the day-today lifestyle. The heritage of folk art has always remained between us. In the modern era of painting in the 20th century, artist Nandlal Basu was also inspired by folklife and folk forms. Post that, his new creations had elements of folk forms. The intervention of this inspiration led him to portray the intact heritage of Indian culture and traditions in his art in the form of Haripura posters. In these posters, Nandlal Basu showcased the significance of the integration of folk art along with social public consciousness and excellently exemplified it in the art world. Moreover, Basu has established coordination between modern and ancient art, and through the Haripura posters, he served the country with his meaningful work. Due to the successful efforts of Basu, he will always be remembered as a national artist.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2022

India has a rich heritage of terracotta art; the history of terracotta/clay goes back to the Hara... more India has a rich heritage of terracotta art; the history of terracotta/clay goes back to the
Harappa Civilization. It is one of the oldest mediums of communication between people,
whether for the barter system or as a medium of expression for the artists. ‘Pot’ in the
Indian language is called a KUMBH/ PATRA and a person who makes it is called
a KUMBHKAR. A different name of potter came to be known as 'Prajapati' (creator of toys)
that came from Brahma who made man of clay, there are many stories behind the origin
of the term ‘potter’. Pottery can be seen in all cultures all over the world and every culture
has a significant style//character in its pottery tradition (Kempler, 2015). In traditional
potter families in India, women were not allowed to work on the wheel, women help in
preparing the clay, making figures (votive figures), and painting and decorating the ready
pots.
In Indian society, patriarchy has been a very prominent feature, for long-time women
were deprived of their basic right to education, right to own property, and freedom of
speech. Many activists and reformers fought a long battle to provide gender equality in
the field of education and all spheres of life in the field of Art/Pottery also it is education
that broke the age-old barriers and notions related to clay and brought self-sufficiency
and self-consciousness for graceful living an honorable status in the society. Development
of Art Colleges and Design Schools in India encouraged many female students to learn
different subjects like pottery, painting, sculpture, etc. All these subjects enhanced the
technical knowledge of the students and paved their way into different art fields. Nirmala
Patwardhan, Jyotsna Bhatt, Era Chaudhary, Shampa Shah, Dipalee Daroz, Manisha
Bhattacharya, Kristine Michael, Madhavi Subramanian are some of the artists who
encouraged the future generation, especially women ceramic artists in India.
In the present study, we will discuss the contribution of women artists in contemporary
Indian ceramics.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2022

This paper 1 , 2 is a continuation and a complement to the previous paper: #eindakoa#. (what we'v... more This paper 1 , 2 is a continuation and a complement to the previous paper: #eindakoa#. (what we've done) A pedagogical method of Interior Design Projects' method. 3 That paper developed a pedagogical method of design throughout a full course at a project Design Studio. This paper extends that previous paper and develops its pedagogical approach through a series of pedagogical dynamics and strategies, defined on a more precise and detailed scale. Each dynamic is artistically designed, almost like an action, to create a 'learning event' and teach the content of Design Studio through experience. These dynamics are inspiring, to such an extent that they can be transferred to any discipline. However, this article includes a specific theoretical support: a discussion and a comparative contrast with different models of the pedagogical method of the architectural project Design Studio. The first half of the dynamics are developed to enrich a conventional class, prior to the Covid-19 pandemic. The second half of the dynamics are developed in response to the Covid-19 situation. They creatively exploit the possibilities of different platforms for online teaching.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2022

Background: Percussion artists are prone to develop musculoskeletal injuries. Mridangam is one of... more Background: Percussion artists are prone to develop musculoskeletal injuries. Mridangam is one of the most popular accompaniments in an Indian Carnatic Music recital. Thus, the aim of the study is to explore the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders amongst Mridangam artists. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Mridangam artists from various music school participated in the study over the period of 6 months. Self-made questionnaire was administered to artists comprising of demographic data, practice habits, and information about instrument usage. Using a video camera, the posture was recorded and analyzed. The recorded video was evaluated for risk factors. Results: This study revealed a 40% prevalence of playing related musculoskeletal affection among the Mridangam artists. Low back region was the most affected followed by knee and shoulder. Conclusion: The assessment of hazards revealed that the artists have medium exposure level of risk factors. Mridangam a form of percussion instrument has minimal detrimental effects on the artists must be promoted more. Title: Indian Mridangam Artist and Musculoskeletal Disorders.

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2022

Folklore is a dynamic process, and it appropriates the changes in society while simultaneously re... more Folklore is a dynamic process, and it appropriates the changes in society while simultaneously retaining the elements of tradition and the past to ascertain its continuity of tradition and contemporary relevance. Considering folk practices, the earlier studies had encountered the stereotypical notions constructed around the folklore materials and folklore processes. And some of these notions implied the characteristics of folk practices as traditional, rurality, outdatedness, superstitious, archaic, static, not contemporary, and, to the extent, as irrational. Thus, the later studies on folk practices had to prove the role of folklore in explicating the complex relationship humans have with the natu1re, cosmos and supernatural on the one hand and in contemplating the reflections of their creativity, unconsciousness, and their cognitive encounters in their socio-cultural life on the other hand. However, there are two striking features, namely, anonymity and community representation, that make folklore a more individual creation with community ownership, and it facilitates the study of folklore folk practices as a first step towards understanding the dimensions of community life. Therefore, while representing the ethos of a community, folklore and folk practices show inclusiveness and accommodativeness by providing either intersection between different communities or by identifying points of convergence or divergence. By taking a few examples from the Santal community of Odisha, this article emphasizes the point that folk practices are rich and meaningful sources that play a significant role in understanding the community life by relating them with "cognition and values" Dundes (1975) and also by making us realize how they "bring unconscious content into consciousness" (1975: xi).

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2022

In this paper, an attempt has been made to contextualize the differences and similarities that co... more In this paper, an attempt has been made to contextualize the differences and similarities that could be gauged in the two iconic texts related to the performing tradition in early India, namely, the Nāṭyaśāstra and the Abhinaya Darpana. The paper first explores the kind of works that surround the two works, the questions that have been asked pertaining to the two texts and the way the Nāṭyaśāstra and the Abhinaya Darpana have been used to reconstruct aspects of dance in the early Indian context.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2022

A politically conversant and sophisticated public is a major requisite for the development and fu... more A politically conversant and sophisticated public is a major requisite for the development and functioning of a sound democracy. However, politics being an intricate subject doesn’t usually catch a fancy of an average man. This poses the demanding challenge of simplifying political discourse and making it more appealing to the larger population. Studies show that political comedy can qualify as one of its competent solutions due to the inherent power of humour to not just amuse but also facilitate attention-grabbing, information retention, and recall Fitzpatrick (2010). Also, the application of humour in serious matters like politics makes it less subject to scrutiny Feldman & Young (2008) further motivating people to express themselves freely without being intimidated by the fear of criticism. The realization of these advantages of political comedy led to an influx in research and discussions around the implications of the same. Hence, in light of the rising popularity of various formats of political humour in contemporary times, the present paper employs the technique of narrative literature review to identify various approaches through which the effects of political humour have been studied so far and explores whether or not it impacts the current political landscape. The investigation of the secondary sources yields that the recent scholarship on political humour effects is mostly centered around television satirical shows and myriad of its formats on the internet. The paper is arranged according to five central themes found by the careful examination of the available literature, which are; a) political humour as a mediator of political knowledge, b) implications on political efficacy and cynicism, c) political humour and political participation/ engagement, d) persuasive impacts of political humour, and e) factors influencing the effects of political humour.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2022

'Bhajan' is a Devotional Music genre in India. It is in practice as rituals in India for worshipp... more 'Bhajan' is a Devotional Music genre in India. It is in practice as rituals in India for worshipping God or for God Realization or self-realization. Apart from that, Bhajan is extensively found to be sung in different way, different styles by different singers. Some general concepts are there in the society about the interpretation of Bhajan. This study aims to bring and highlight the details of the interpretational style of Bhajan singing of Bhajan Maestro Anup Jalota who is often addressed as the 'Bhajan Samrat'. In this article, after the introductory part, I have discussed the reviews of Anup Jalota's interviews where he had talked about the Bhajan interpretational style, his views and other knowledge about Bhajan and a little bit about how he maintains it musically. The interpretation of the existing data rose up a number of questions those where supposed to be answered. Then those questions have been answered by the legend himself in an interview taken by myself, the author. The overall concept about his views has been found at the conclusion. Since, gaining knowledge about the style of Bhajan interpretation has been the 'aim' of my doctoral thesis paper, this study is done in order to bring a strong boost to my thesis topic, as well as it's inspired by my thesis.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2022

On 20 February 2022, Leo Bersani, who has been one of the leading philosophers, literary critics ... more On 20 February 2022, Leo Bersani, who has been one of the leading philosophers, literary critics and intellectuals in gender and sexuality studies, passed away at the age of 90. In this essay, I shall draw attention to Leo Bersani's theoretical oeuvre and attempt to offer a critical assessment of his major contributions to the field of LGBTIQ+ studies. The essay reveals that Bersani's ideas concerning sexual identities, gender relations and somatic pleasures, and their relations with psyche, society, politics, families, and laws not only broaden the scope of understanding the complex phenomenon of human sexualities, but also underline the incomprehensibility of this phenomenon. This essay is divided into three small parts: Bersani's life, works and death, his career as a literary critic, and his queer activism in literary and political circle. The essay also details Bersani's intellectual journey, critical insights, and political engagements, defending human inclination towards pleasure and sexual freedom against the backdrop of socio-political tensions which emerged during the height of AIDS epidemic in America.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2022

English: The poetry of Rabindranath Tagore, which enlighten and gradually flowered in his heart, ... more English: The poetry of Rabindranath Tagore, which enlighten and gradually flowered in his heart, opens new forms of expressions and dimensions, much like the bright rainbow, which spreads hundreds of colors across the sky following rain. Rabindranath Tagore's writing subsequently embodies these novel forms. As soon as he realized the possibilities of these forms, he began etching them onto his canvas. Rabindranath Tagore made enchanting paintings with simple, basic, clear, and distinct lines, without adhering to any traditional style, just like a primitive man. He painted meticulously. His medium varied according to the subject and theme of his work. Instead of using synthetic colors, he experimented with natural ones. In the field of painting, he is noted for not adhering to any certain traditional style but paintings to express his spiritual self.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2022

The idea and concept of Pahari miniature paintings ideally revolve around the narration of a hist... more The idea and concept of Pahari miniature paintings ideally revolve around the narration of a historical story from a native region in Indian traditions. These paintings are a blend of Bhasholi and Kangra miniature paintings. The artists belonging to this field painted historical subjects of their local areas such Radha-Krishnaji, Saraswatiji etc. These Pahari miniatures flourished from the second half of the seventeenth to mid-nineteenth century in the Himalayan foothills. It was the simplicity of Basholi in poetic lyricism and refinement of Kangra in the ingenuity of the artist's style that made these paintings so popular. In Pahari paintings, the manifestations are mostly figure based and illustrations are used for narration. Pahari miniature artists constructed paintings using traditional and stylistic methods but in the contemporary era, the subject-matters of their paintings are changed as per the contemporary times and techniques. This paper demonstrates the thematic narration of the artists on contemporary subjects in contemporary Pahari miniature paintings. This research is an attempt to bring a logical clarification on account of imagination in the Pahari miniatures.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2022

Precious metals have held a status of their own ever since their discovery. Their use has not onl... more Precious metals have held a status of their own ever since their discovery. Their use has not only been an indication of power, status, and luxury, but also an example of intricate craft skills exhibited by artisans worldwide. Gold and silver, perhaps the oldest precious metals and also the most popular have had a diverse use in various fields, including textiles. The incorporation of these metals in textiles led to the production of a plethora of textile crafts, each demonstrating a unique feature, skill, and technique. Due to the unique qualities exhibited by the crafts; each textile holds an importance of their own. The terms of many of these textiles are often used interchangeably, however, important minute differences distinguish these textiles from one another, which is often times overlooked. Over the years, these various forms of crafts gained popularity, flourished and were even favourites among the Indian rulers and royalties of the yesteryears. However, with the loss of royal patronage and the decline in investment in the handicraft sector, most of these art forms are either languishing or are not produced anymore. To retain the culturally rich arts of India, the significance associated with them, and most importantly the techniques employed to create such masterpieces, it thus becomes important to document these artforms. This article explores the various textiles that incorporate gold and silver with respect to the technique used to produce exquisite fabrics which depict the dexterity of Indian craftsmanship.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2022

Guru Dutt's masterpiece Pyaasa (1957) is not just a movie. It is in fact much more than that. It ... more Guru Dutt's masterpiece Pyaasa (1957) is not just a movie. It is in fact much more than that. It is an experiment with humanity. It is also a journey along the brighter and darker alleys of the normal human mind. While dissecting everything that cripples the Indian society then and even now, it's partly haunting and partly reassuring narrative makes us ask some fundamental questions vis-à-vis our social existence. One of the resultant questions that crops up in the process tries to uncover the true essence of womanhood. From the narcissistic and decidedly selfish character of Meena, played by the inimitable Mala Sinha, to the selfless and deeply loving character of Gulabo, enacted flawlessly by the mesmerizing Waheeda Rehman, the movie refuses to take sides and declare loyalties. While one might argue that the protagonist Vijay, played by Guru Dutt himself, sides towards Gulabo at the end of the movie, the inclination is far from being decisive. If one takes a clear look at the diegesis of the movie, she/ he would be able to appreciate that the decision is influenced more by convenience than by ideology. While ideology does play a part in what the movie theorizes, it is more of a reflection on the true nature of the society that we live in. This research paper makes an honest attempt at deciphering the obvious and subtle feminist messages that are ingrained in the movie. While doing so, the researcher looks not just at the narrative of the movie but at the filmmaking style as well for style often determines the ideological stance of any audiovisual material. While studying the given subject, the researcher uses the Auteur Theory, the Apparatus Theory, and the Feminist Film Theory.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2022

The purpose of the article is to focus on the role of visual narratives in advertising and how wo... more The purpose of the article is to focus on the role of visual narratives in advertising and how women are depicted in the context of the promotion of tea culture during the colonial period of India. India is one of the oldest kingdoms in the world, and India has passed through various ages that brought new innovations, social and economic reforms. Each phase has its own impact on society, as we can see through different forms of art, literature, music, and advertising. India is a massive market for selling products, there are different categories of products available in the market, but some of the brands are centuries old. Advertising plays an important role in the promotion of products. TEA for example: before independence in the promotion of tea culture in India there were different media of advertising; promotional activities and propaganda played an important role, and the changing role of women is represented effectively in tea advertisements. There are various examples that are witness to the significant transformation in the manner where women are portrayed in the promotion of tea culture. India was experiencing the provocative impact of western culture, which reached to new horizons of creativity and aids in the presentation of Indian women in a new framework. My paper through various example focuses on the role of women in the context of promoting tea in India.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2022

English: The land of Rajasthan has always been world famous as the mother of folk art and folk de... more English: The land of Rajasthan has always been world famous as the mother of folk art and folk deities. The folk deity of western Rajasthan, baba ramdevji has been famous for his miracle. Devotees ask from baba ramdevji for the completion of any of their special tasks. On the fulfillment of the request, devotees offer horses made of cloth according to their reverence. In this context, work is being done to make various types of small and big artistic horses from cloth to offer to baba Ramdevji in Pratap Nagar area of Jodhpur district. This work of making horses is being done not only in Jodhpur but also in Jaisalmer, Ramdevra and Pokaran. Horses are adorned with grass thatch, white and colorful cloth, garland, core, turiya, tassel of wool etc. symbols of the artistic workmanship of the handicrafts. The size, stature and gracefulness of these horses give the feel of real horses. According to the Hindu Calendar, artistic horses made of cloth have special significance in this fair, which lasts from second to tenth of day of Shuklapaksha of August month. Where not only Rajasthan but people from many states of India like Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh etc. come to see them. The ancient tradition of offering a horse here in the from of faith and belief is unbroken, which is being followed even in today's modern era. The artistic horses of cloth being offered as Manauti are folk art tradition and cultural importance as well as a great means of earing livelihood of the handicraftsmen.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2022

Contemporary Indian advertising is increasingly indulging in the ever more prominent and gripping... more Contemporary Indian advertising is increasingly indulging in the ever more prominent and gripping concerns of societal development, making themselves active participants in empowering women. This paper explores the significance of video and press advertising as a media serving to transform and bring about some crucial changes in concepts and issues related to women’s equality, diversity, and inclusivity in society. Our society’s age-old projections of the role played by women are sensitive and hold a pertinent concern for the welfare of humanity. Social inclusion is a global dimension that directly impacts the development of our culture, making it an ever more concerning subject dealing with utmost integrity, sincere support, and a holistic approach. The result of this change in our environment may not be immediate, but its significance is gaining rapid recognition and a firm grasp of the psychological roots of people. Advertisements projecting women through equality and inclusivity also give a critical overview. Still, the lead to encouragement is that social inclusion is a need for social diversity, specifically in a country like ours, where the all-inclusive identity of its diverse cultures represents the nation as one. The contribution of advertising as a distinct field in this process is accelerating at a reasonable rate, offering several brands, companies, and services to present themselves to society within the framework of inclusivity perspectives.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2022

Dark yet enlightening, cruel yet humane, ambiguous yet clear and finally calm yet pacy; Blade Run... more Dark yet enlightening, cruel yet humane, ambiguous yet clear and finally calm yet pacy; Blade Runner 2049 (2017) hits hard and in the right places. It redefines the concept of humanity in all its forms in addition to posing several existential and nihilistic questions Richards (2017). However, what is more striking is how it makes people go back to the basics and recalibrate their notions on what is humane and what is not. Denis Villeneuve's futuristic tryst with gloom and doom is as disturbing as it is emotionally stirring. However, Blade Runner 2049 is also a definite attempt at avant-garde storytelling Guillen (2017). An unconventional cinematography, stunning visual effects, a distinctly experimental plotline, and a visible contempt for conventionality mark the movie's diegesis. The movie also projects a dystopian world view-one that seems futuristic albeit being quintessentially contemporary Zhang (2017). In fact, Blade Runner 2049 remains loyal to the setting projected by the original version (Blade Runner) that came out in 1982 Propes (2021). A careful analysis reveals that the movie is nothing but a commentary on multiple issues including feminism, social decay, delinquency, imperialism, and brute exploitation. In a subtle way, the movie could also be a metaphorical representation of the unhindered march of science and technology, albeit at times with disastrous consequences. This paper makes a nuanced effort at dissecting the movie using two of the most well-known film theories-the Auteur Theory and the Feminist Film Theory. In the process, the paper also tries to segregate the avant-garde elements in the movie and establish it as a distinct case of novel narrative structure.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2022

Communication is one of the most important parts of human life. We cannot live without communicat... more Communication is one of the most important parts of human life. We cannot live without communicating with each other. There are many forms and mediums of communication among which cinema is considered one of the most important modes of communication. Not only this it also has the power to influence the mass and bring about some changes in the society. It has the power to shape the mind of people and give them a new direction in life. Films are made in many different spoken languages, but cinema has its own visual language as well. Camera techniques are one of them. A lot is conveyed through cameras in movies which at times even dialogues cannot convey. The camera is not just used to record the act done by the actors, but it is the bridge between the audience and the performers which helps to connect them to each other. Using camera techniques in a way which leaves a good and long impact over the mind of the audience is difficult and only good directors gave the capability of doing so. When we watch any movie, we are taken into the journey of characters by the director and camera plays the role of a vehicle which helps us to go on this journey. Thus, camera can be considered not just equipment but a tool for making the story telling process more interesting and the process of communication more impactful.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2022

Traditional performing arts are one of the important genres of folklore. Historically, since anci... more Traditional performing arts are one of the important genres of folklore. Historically, since ancient times, the performing arts were used by the people for fulfilling their demands from rituals to entertainment. These forms had played a vital role in the construction of socio-cultural history in India. Interestingly, the ancient Indian society maintained both the folk and classical traditions equally with full enthusiasm. But with the onset of western theatre during colonial period, the traditional arts had been neglected. The almost forgotten traditional forms found new life with the emergence of freedom movements that made use of both traditional and modern forms. In the postindependence scenario, the values of these forms have been reinstated as they are the medium to construct or assert the cultural identity of different communities and the nation. Due to efforts of government of India, IPTA and other independent artistes, the folk-art tradition got revived in performing arts. Taking insights from various secondary sources and referring to the interviews (of the stalwarts of performing arts in India) put in the book Contemporary Indian Theatre of Sangeet Natak Akademi, this paper attempts to understand the process of revaluation and the emergence of new audience along with intellectual support for the folk theatre traditions. This paper also focuses on the various issues that have made impact on the structure and functions of these forms in the past few centuries with the special focus on the present status of folk forms. In doing so, references of the past experimentations and recent ones are made. The folk-art forms and traditions got transformed and to an extent devalued after the coming of cable/satellite television and social media. But this era is marked by some new experimentation in folk art and performing art traditions which is being referred to in this paper.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2022

The world of visual storytelling has taken many forms over the last century. The narrative approa... more The world of visual storytelling has taken many forms over the last century. The narrative approaches have constantly changed along with advancement of technology. This study attempts to look at how the 21st century's prominent technological advancement, the internet, has influenced the script writing process and narrative techniques of television series. Using the poetics of complex TV, a textual analysis of the pilot episode of Suzhal-The Vortex was conducted. It is seen that the quintessential complex TV elements such as ambiguity, use of the anti-hero, and multiple plots, which existed in the West, have started to manifest in Tamil OTT series, with Suzhal-The Vortex serving as a microcosm of a larger trend.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2022

A piece of art, if analyzed comprehensively, is built with the amalgamation of its formal and con... more A piece of art, if analyzed comprehensively, is built with the amalgamation of its formal and conceptual facets. These formal and conceptual aspects are intertwined so intimately that one cannot exist without the other. Since time immemorial, 'Women' is one of the most acclaimed concepts in Indian art. Female body has been represented and identified through various forms and concepts with the shift in time and space. The present research paper is an analytical study of those transformations through which female forms in Indian paintings have undergone. It also focuses on how a finite concept 'Women' has been indigenously explored in creative forms by numerous artists, which encompasses a wide range of visualizations of women, from Abanindranath's fragile depictions to voluptuous nudes of Souza with enlarged genitals, from tranquility in images of Ara to blank-faced images of Hussain. The adopted methodology for this paper is descriptive and observational with an aim of exploring the different approaches in the depiction of the female body and its formal evolution with time. The paper primarily considers the female impression by Abanindranath Tagore, Amrita Shergill, F N Souza, K H Ara, M F Husain and Gogi Saroj Pal and few other artists. The research favorably concludes that there has been a great role of artistic trends, personal psychic tendencies of artists as well as concurrent socio-political situations that prompted artists to characterize women in varied forms.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2022

A quantitative study was carried out to identify farmers' awareness level and perception towards ... more A quantitative study was carried out to identify farmers' awareness level and perception towards the Kisan Samman Nidhi Scheme of the central government. The government's PM-Kisan program, also known as the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Scheme, offers financial support to small and marginal farmers. The government will give all eligible beneficiaries Rs. 6000 a year in three instalments under this scheme. The objective of the study is to gauge the level of awareness and perception of the farmers towards the scheme furthermore to assess the role of Print Media for the same. For this purpose, 80 beneficiaries of the Kisan Samman Nidhi Scheme were taken as study respondents from Jangal Dhoosar and Jangle Rani Kuanri Suhas villages of Gorakhpur district, Uttar Pradesh. The data reveals that all the respondents (n = 80) were aware of the Kisan Samman Nidhi Scheme. 68 respondents (85%) have the basic knowledge of the Kisan Samman Nidhi Scheme. However, about 10 of the respondents (12.5 %) were moderate and 2 of the respondents (2.5 %) were advanced in their level of knowledge about the Kisan Samman Nidhi Scheme. According to the study findings, approximately (92.5 %) of respondents thought the Kisan Samman Nidhi Scheme was very good, while (5%) believed it was good and (2.5%) said it was average. This specifies that a positive perception has been built towards the Kisan Samman Nidhi Scheme.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2022

The proposed study focuses on the shifting narratives around body, beauty, and desirability. The ... more The proposed study focuses on the shifting narratives around body, beauty, and desirability. The study highlights the way people with disabilities are represented and included in the fashion industry. This inclusion and visibility can be achieved by challenging the preconceived stereotypes of body, beauty, desirability, and style can play a crucial role in achieving this goal. The study foregrounds fashion as a significant inclusion practice. Concept: The present study views body, beauty, and desirability positively and supports the inclusion of all people to promote diversity. The study focuses on the way disabled people are represented in fashion by applying the critical disability theory. Results and Conclusion: The very presence of disabled people in fashion breaks the stereotypes regarding their underserved and underrepresented roles in the social structure.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2022

India is one of the most populous and diverse countries in the world. Its diversity is reflected ... more India is one of the most populous and diverse countries in the world. Its diversity is reflected by hundreds of languages spoken, tribes, religions, ethnicities, cultures, and social structures across the population of over one billion. Advertisements on social media platforms like Instagram have provided massive opportunities for today's dynamic businesses to collaborate and develop strong networks with diverse target customers. This diversity could be very beneficial for India's development and growth. But lack of inclusivity in advertising is a long-standing problem in India. Despite growing awareness, many minorities remain under or inappropriately represented. In managing brands and targeting consumers, advertising must understand and contend with India's social and cultural diversity. The content published on the social platform should be diverse and inclusive of all sections of society because people want to see themselves represented in advertisements. However, if an advertiser fails to maximize inclusion by ignoring the fact that every brand and community are different, then they will also fail to maximize their campaign's reach because brands that are inclusive in their marketing are viewed as more authentic and trustworthy. The purpose here is to discuss the different ways in which brands can successfully follow an Inclusive Approach. Being truly comprehensive on social media means finding ways to make gender, race, ethnicity, and age-inclusive content. Hence, the rise in inclusivity in Social Media Advertisements is the way ahead for the success of brands.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2022

Aside from providing amusement and beauty, art and film have always served as a reflection of soc... more Aside from providing amusement and beauty, art and film have always served as a reflection of society and culture. Both the arts and film have had an impact on society. The works produced in both mediums have received recognition and acclaim on a global scale. Artists draw inspiration from the world around them to produce works of art. In his classical paintings, the well-known artist Raja Ravi Varma addressed "Art" and "Life" aesthetically by blending true Indian mythological sense with European Academic Art. Indian Modern Art Movement can be traced back to the exploration in Varma's works of art. Similar to this, film directors try to depict place, time, and common practices using their actors. This analysis of Bhumika 1 (Role), a feature film by Benegal, aims to give a broad overview of the film's formal components as they symbolise the avant-garde ideal of balancing "Art" and "Life." The essay is an analytical attempt to look at art and life in relation to Raja Ravi Varma's artworks and the female character in the film Bhumika.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

An increasing number of customers are applying for personal loans for their purchases. Personal l... more An increasing number of customers are applying for personal loans for their purchases. Personal loans help the consumer to meet any shortfall they experience in buying a needful item. fulfill their needs consumer apply for loans. As many loan application increases, day by day, bank needs to detect and analyze which customer is eligible for a personal loan. The term banking can be defined as receiving and protection of money that is deposited by the individual or the entities. The primary objective of the bank is to provide their wealth in safer hands. In recent times, banks approve the loan after verifying and validating the documents provided by the customer. Yet there is no guarantee whether the applicant is deserving or not. This paper classifies customers based on certain criteria. In this paper, the main focus is to identify and analyze the risk of giving a loan in the banking sector. The Machine Learning techniques are used to analyze risk giving loan, it helps in summarize into a piece of valuable information. This will improve the quality of banking system thus improving customer retention. Applying it on a dataset of the customer and predicting the risk percentage for an individual to give loan. These techniques facilitate useful data analysis and can help to get better outcomes into the processes behind the data. The banks and many investment companies are pioneers in taking advantage of Machine Learning. The main objective is to predict whether assigning the loan to a particular person will be safe or not.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

The paper discusses the interface of literature and painting through the prism of a 19th century ... more The paper discusses the interface of literature and painting through the prism of a 19th century art movement, better known as Impressionism. A movement in painting and literature, Impressionism stylistically made way for the beholder, listener, or reader to participate in recreating the experience of the artist. Its "new" method was to suggest the "impression" or effect on the artist rather than to make precise and explicit the objective characteristics of things and events. Emerging in France in the latter half of the 19th century with painters like Monet, Manet, Degas, Pissarro, Renoir and Cezanne, this art movement seems to have had a major impact on the world literary and cultural scene, facilitating and manifesting a symbiosis between sister arts, that is, painting and literature. To trace the gradual advent of Impressionism, the paper recounts the journey of English romantic landscape painters like Turner and Constable as we eventually reach the French Impressionists while concomitantly discussing how literary Impressionists, particularly modern novelists, deploy the stream-of-consciousness technique, and poets, often seen as "Symbolists" and "Imagists," have contributed to the evolution of modernist literature and sensibilities.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Throughout its history Kashmir has experienced an art life very much its own as well as accepting... more Throughout its history Kashmir has experienced an art life very much its own as well as accepting and absorbing influences and imported from neighbouring areas. The sculptural masterpieces that have survived in the valley have attracted the attention of art-historians and the scholars in the allied disciplines from time to time and have always been praised for their fine workmanship and iconographic features. Sculptors have not created the images only for the religious purpose but in the images are added subtle human moods and sentiments and have captured various states of emotions and feelings. Artists have captured the rhythm of life of all living beings in general and represented women in particular on the surfaces of the temples and in images. The aesthetic aspect of the sculptural motifs of the temple and images depends upon the religious canons of measurement in art. The carving approach of Kashmir's ancient and early medieval temples Goetz (1951) and Goetz (1969) includes a significant number of female images. Women from various cultures are portrayed in sculptures. Women can be seen here in a variety of subjects. The sculptures show representations of many feminine beauty ideals. This essay aims to shed light on the representation of women in Kashmir's early sculpting and iconographic traditions.

Granthaalayah Publication and Printers, 2023

The word 'Batua' comes from Hindi language, and it means a small bag of leather or cloth which ha... more The word 'Batua' comes from Hindi language, and it means a small bag of leather or cloth which has partitions on its inner side. One such craft related to the humble batua is the 'Batua-making' craft of Bhopal. A 'Bhopali batua' is a small purse adorned with zardozi and bead work and was used for keeping paan (beetle leaves), laung (cloves), itar (perfume) and other fragrant material by the royals and subsequently by the locals of Bhopal. Legends associate the development of batua making craft at Bhopal to the begums of Bhopal. A series of steps are taken to complete batuas and involve embroiderers, tailors, and helpers. These are delicately adorned with zardozi, bead work or a combination of both. The steps include layout, design transfer, embroidery, setting and stitching, putting the dori and finishing. Bhopali batua, zardozi and beadwork embody the cultural heritage and tradition of Bhopal. In olden times Bhopal was a prominent Zardozi center along with Delhi, Hyderabad, Lucknow etc. and till date Bhopal has a vast pool of zardozi and batua artisans. Patronized by the begums of Bhopal, batua making and zardozi were introduced by the begums in Bhopal as a source of income for womenfolk. Even today, these crafts can serve as a potential aid in government efforts for women empowerment and combating unemployment. However, lack of documentation and scholarly attention is posing barriers in the implementation of welfare and training policies. The present study is aimed at exploring the various aspects of zardozi and batua making for its sustainability and livelihood generation through it. The study is based on a mixed methods approach bordering more towards a qualitative study as the area of research is unexplored and lacks the presence of secondary data. Primary data were collected through unstructured interviews and focus group discussion. The present study aims to explore and document the traditional zardozi and beadwork batuas of Bhopal for its documentation and sustainability.

Granthaalayah Publication and printers , 2023

This article shows the attempts and struggles of recent architecture to reconcile the question of... more This article shows the attempts and struggles of recent architecture to reconcile the question of meaning (also image) with the abstract and schematic structure of modernity. This is a question that architecture has apparently not yet managed to synthesize, hence the interest in addressing this issue. With this aim, the study follows the trace of Koolhaas' controversial interest in meaning, starting from the semantic conglomeration of his first works, which are a re-appropriation of avant-garde elements. Then this paper continues with the analysis of Zeebrugge Terminal and the latest iconic buildings of the last decade (2000-2012) which represent an iconographic condensation in the work of Koolhaas, a communicative wholeness which recovers iconicity through its unity. The paper will follow Koolhaas' trajectory until its latest (2013) contradictory re-adoption of illuminist rational and neutral language. An apparently unexpected swerve which in fact shows that Koolhaas' approach to iconography was less interested in the question of meaning but rather in the intention of perverting it. Therefore, the method of this article is based on a descriptive route through some of Koolhaas' works. This route is accompanied by certain references that advocate iconic architecture, Jencks (2006/2007), Van Berkel & BOS (2006/2007), or show an interest in diagrammatic architecture, Somol (1999). At the same time, this study includes the curious comparisons of the book: Morphologie, City Metaphors by Ungers (1982), Koolhaas' indisputable referent. The study ends with a comparison of the ways in which Koolhaas and Venturi claim, each in his own way, the iconic and signifying recovery in architecture. Regarding this question of research method, the suggestive character of the content of this text is rooted in and based on the systematic and precise study of the previous article on the Dutch Embassy in Berlin by Koolhaas. 1 This previous article constitutes a thorough deconstruction of the building of the Embassy, which the author recommends reading beforehand.

Granthaalayah Publication and Printers, 2023

This article ventures into the investigation about method in architecture, that is, about the way... more This article ventures into the investigation about method in architecture, that is, about the way in which we think and create architecture. In order to achieve such an objective, the article simply rethinks a specific architecture that already exists, the Dutch Embassy in Berlin. In this way, architectonical object and work are considered the susceptible elements that provide the material knowledge that unravels the manner and the methodology by which they were conceived. A sensitive and intuitive itinerary through the graphic documents published about the embassy allows us to access a continuous narrative dissertation that deconstructs the conceptual issues that have constituted the building. Thus, this paper developed an object-based method, as opposed to traditional and orthodox text-based research. This does not preclude the inclusion of innumerable references related to the conceptual issues that we can find in this architectonical analysis (Ungers, Vidler, Somol, etc., see citations and bibliography). In this way, the paper differentiates itself from the scientific-historical research. Having it as a support, the paper opens a new way for future research which can be specifically focused on the architectonical project's methodology. At times, this research development can be disconcerting. This is because architectonical method, our way of thinking and creating, is never analytically structured. Neither can a text that tries to unravel the creative method be strictly linear. For this reason, this text is an essay that tries to introduce us to the deepest motivations of a project, most of the time intertwined in the form of spiral paths, cyclical paths that unite and contradict each other at the same time. Therein lies the uniqueness of this study. A second article 1 complements this analysis of the Embassy with an itinerary that, in this case, extends its route to other buildings by Koolhaas. This second paper also uses other comparisons with other historical references, for example, Venturi. Both articles find in Koolhaas' method strategies based on a paradoxical conceptual identity, a diagrammatic coherence that coexists with the greatest semantic inconsistency. The impossible concordance between form, meaning and image. The scepticism towards the impossible unity, which, at the same time, pursues a challenging unitary iconic condensation.

Granthaalayah Publication and Printers, 2023

Ecology, which is one of the essential practices of sustainable practice, is the talk of the town... more Ecology, which is one of the essential practices of sustainable practice, is the talk of the town these days, and professionals from every domain are involved in such practices. This has also been observed in the print medium, where some artists and printmakers take prints using non-toxic materials. Since the ecological aspects of printing have been addressed in many research commentaries, most practitioners still use conventional printing methods and techniques, including materials (toxic), which derive from this research to investigate the significant reasons and construct the practicable framework for the non-practicing professionals and artists. It is well known that Varanasi is a city older than History; as Mark Twain said, thus on other cities can be a better option for conducting a comparative analysis of traditional and ecological print practices. After the argument, this paper reviews the advancements in printing processes used in Varanasi, focusing on toxic and non-toxic methods. It attempts to answer whether traditional printing practices are ecologically friendly. The first part of the paper briefly examines the spread of print media, the different trends and prevalent practices, and their impact on ecology in Varanasi. This part of the research and discussion is based on descriptive analysis. The second section of the paper focuses on current issues in ecology under three broad headings: theory and ecology, practice issues, and ecological effectiveness using discourse analysis to obtain responses from printmakers, and later it would be used to construct the research argument. An important thread running through the second part of the paper is related to discussions about the theory of ecology that is common in print practices and how these practices affect the various areas of ecology and their evaluation.

Granthaalayah Publication and Printers , 2023

The widespread use of digital technologies has expanded globally and penetrated even the most rem... more The widespread use of digital technologies has expanded globally and penetrated even the most remote regions of the global south, including people living in underprivileged and marginalised conditions. Despite the increasing influence of mobile phones in all aspects of social life, there is limited knowledge about how mobile phone practices impact the local culture of the Mukkuva community in Kerala. Though Kerala has made remarkable socioeconomic progress, the Mukkuva fishing community remains marginalised and neglected. The fishers' exclusion from mainstream society, resulting from the caste system, has historically limited their interaction with others. This study employs in-depth interviews and non-participant observation to explore the mobile phone practices of the fishing community in two selected coastal villages of Kerala and how it affects the community's language and culture. Using the cultural identity framework of Stuart Hall and a thematic method of data analysis, the paper examines the changing dynamics of the relationship between the church and the community, the evolving self-concept of community members, and their economic activities. The research demonstrates the significance of mobile phones in the changing cultural dynamics of the Mukkuva community, highlighting its role in enabling increased communication and interaction with mainstream society. The study's findings suggest that mobile phones have enabled the community to create a new identity, distinct from their traditional practices, thereby allowing them to engage more actively in social, economic, and political activities. The paper concludes that the increasing use of mobile phones in marginalised communities provides an opportunity to bridge the gap between mainstream and marginalised societies, and encourages the empowerment of these groups.

Granthaalayah Publication and Printers , 2023

This paper talks about the significance of uniformity in the Nritta Hastas of Kathak dance across... more This paper talks about the significance of uniformity in the Nritta Hastas of Kathak dance across gharanas and eras. Kathak, an Indian classical dance form, hails from North India. Nritta Hastas refer to hand gestures or movements used in Indian classical dance. Often interchanged with" "hasta mudra", "Nritta Hastas" encompass all hand movements and gestures, whereas "mudras" are more indicative of emotions and literal depictions of objects present in our environment. Kathak has evolved to appeal and cater to the spectators of today's times-with lightning fast spins and hand movements along with intricate footwork. However, this has caused unfavorable negotiations with the original technique and overall uniformity of Nritta Hastas, thus resulting in the deterioration of quality in dance performances. For example, prioritizing the ability to execute multiple spins in quick succession, aiming to impress the audience with their speed and agility, leads to neglecting the intricate hand movements and mudras, which are essential for conveying the nuanced emotions and storytelling aspects of the dance. The purpose of this research paper is to shed light on the importance of maintaining uniformity by adhering to techniques, methods and pedagogies mentioned in ancient scriptures pertinent to Indian classical dance.

Granthaalayah Publication and Printers, 2023

Indian traditional art has always been rich in its style, form, and technique. Apart from sculptu... more Indian traditional art has always been rich in its style, form, and technique. Apart from sculpture, poetry, textile art, character art, drama, dance, music etc., paintings are also an inseparable form of Indian art. The area of Madhya Pradesh is large, here from time to time there has been power of various states and groups, and the amalgamation of diverse traditions of different groups has made the culture of the state vibrant and multifaceted. The various forms of arts and crafts of Madhya Pradesh also contribute to the rich culture of the state. Various art educations centers are there in the state which continuously trying to improve the level of art which helps future generation to explore themselves in art. This is not just the situation of the present time, whereas since prehistoric times, Madhya Pradesh holds a special place in the painting of the whole world in the form of its rock paintings. This paper prove to be useful for finding the current position of painting in state and how different art institutes, art groups or freelance artists are taking part for enriching the art.

Granthaalayah Publication and printers , 2023

Granthaalayah Publication and printers, 2023

This paper delves into the captivating realm of Lord Bhairava's iconography as portrayed in liter... more This paper delves into the captivating realm of Lord Bhairava's iconography as portrayed in literary sources. Despite the immense power and significance of Lord Bhairava, he often resides in the shadows cast by the more widely recognized deity, Lord Shiva. Consequently, the visual representation of Lord Bhairava, characterized by its richness and intricacy, has been relatively neglected in scholarly investigations. By closely examining various literary references, this study endeavors to unravel the multifaceted aspects of Lord Bhairava's iconography, including his distinctive features, diverse forms, captivating myths, and legendary tales. Furthermore, it aims to dispel prevailing misconceptions and kindle awareness about the nature of this fierce and enigmatic deity. Employing a comprehensive analysis of literary iconography, this research illuminates the unique attributes and profound significance that Lord Bhairava holds within the realm of mythology and religious art. Through an exploration of the nuances and symbolism embedded within his depictions, this study contributes to a deeper understanding and appreciation of Lord Bhairava's representation and its broader cultural implications.

Granthaalayah Publication and Printers , 2023

Art therapy has been used to aid spiritual healing because it allows people to express and explor... more Art therapy has been used to aid spiritual healing because it allows people to express and explore their deepest thoughts, emotions, and experiences in a safe and supportive environment. Spiritual healing is a holistic approach that includes reestablishing one's sense of connection to something greater than oneself, likely to result in emotional, physical, and spiritual well-being. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of art therapy in facilitating spiritual healing in individuals. A comprehensive review of literature was conducted to identify the current state of knowledge on the topic. The review identified studies that explored the effectiveness of various types of art therapy in supporting spiritual healing. According to the conclusions drawn from the literature review, art therapy can be an effective instrument in aiding spiritual healing through practices like meditation and mindfulness. Art therapy provides a safe and non-judgmental space for individuals to explore their spirituality, leading to a sense of connection to something greater than themselves. Further to that, the creative process of art-making can promote emotional release and catharsis, resulting in a sense of inner peace and healing. Overall, the results indicate that art therapy can be an efficient means of helping people heal spiritually. The integration of spiritual practices into the art therapy process can support individuals in their journey towards emotional, physical, and spiritual well-being, leading to a greater sense of inner peace and connection to the world around them.

Granthaalyah Publication and Printers, 2023

Art can be manifested and interpreted by artists to express and transcend changes in their surrou... more Art can be manifested and interpreted by artists to express and transcend changes in their surroundings, as well as showcases tragedies. Art can be used as one of the parameters which broaden our insight towards society. Artists examine social atrocities such as dysfunctional systems, criminal injustices, curbs on the freedom of expression, and childhood traumas which may be embedded in the artists' minds. Art is the mirror of society and both modernists and post-modernists have tended to demonstrate communal riots and political unrest at the time of global distress. Meanwhile, in the contemporary art world, art is represented with bleak and abject constructions of contemporary subjectivity where, artists basically tend to depict themes such as political issues and reforms, ecological evils, and narratives with social concern. Contemporary paradigms explore new directions to reconnect and be the definition of society in different modes of art. In this study, art and artists will be explored who have contributed to society in profound ways. Their installations will determine the social metaphors evoked and how they unveil the provocative binary of community, how their art has broken stereotypes and became the benefactors of community. This study will also reveal the significance of art in society, in the nation and in the market with visual inputs. In the contemporary domain, art can be shown as personal experiences or with universal themes such as war and migration, which is unfortunately still exists with people suffering irreplaceable scars. This study highlights leading women artists who are critically involved with their societies.

Granthaalyah Publication and printers , 2023

Brandon Reynolds addresses issues of environment in his editorial cartoons and the paper aims to ... more Brandon Reynolds addresses issues of environment in his editorial cartoons and the paper aims to unravel how he manipulates the conventions of the medium for public awareness and opinion formation. Both the formal and thematic aspects of the cartoons are analysed. Reynolds' cartoons are an ample testimony of how cartoons hold their own as literary texts in the dissemination of ideas. The paper discusses how they serve as texts of ecocriticism. Since the medium has not much been brought under ecocritical analysis like poems and novels earlier the unique features of cartoons are focused. The dynamics of verbal and visual components are brought under study. The ecological and historical aspects are discussed.

Granthaalyah Publication and printers, 2023

India follows the catchy, trendy, uncertain, and spontaneous concepts of new media art for the la... more India follows the catchy, trendy, uncertain, and spontaneous concepts of new media art for the last few decades. New media practice in India has dealt with issues of identity, critiques of violence, narrative, and performance, and other subjects that come under the umbrella of new issues. New media art began to appear in India since the inception of the 21st century, but it showed in the works of artists like Vivan Sundaram, Nalini Malam, Ved Nayar, Rummana Hussain in the 1990s. New media ideologically mixed art with scientific craft, which resulted in an amplified narrative of our country and world that is a union of different creative languages. New media create a futuristic ethos in the art that is developing every second. It is a medium that symbolizes freedom of mediums, as it is spontaneous and enough. In all this, Shilpa Gupta came as a 'blind star and star blind'. Shilpa Gupta is one of the leading contemporary, influential, and critically acclaimed new media artists of India's new generation of international artists. A transcultural artist even when influenced with regional specificity. She considers new media art (a web of technology) as a key part of today's existence, and, ensuing, prefers various forms of cutting-edge technology as the vehicle for her interactions with the viewer. Although Gupta's works are developed largely through technological means their significance lies in their candid communication, the various issues that shape contemporary life, particularly the lives of young and adults. Her work is often coded with meanings that are not always instantly available but require the efforts of the viewer. Uniquely and humorously, Gupta reminds us of the danger of taking for granted-that it is indeed technology that connects us to the world. She is an artist who deals with her viewers, her audience is 70 percent part of her artwork. She brings reality from a new perspective.

Granthaalyah Publication and Printers, 2023

The visual language and narrative of a traditional embroidery is par excellence. It carries with ... more The visual language and narrative of a traditional embroidery is par excellence. It carries with it folklores which have transcended from generation to generation with its exquisiteness. One such embroidery is of the Lambanis or the Banjaras, also referred to as the Indian Gypsies. Their embroidery connotes a semiotic system for communicating and interpreting various colours, patterns, stitches, surface embellishments and it has within it a hidden language that is made up of a collection of cultural symbols that communicate on various social and psychological levels. Embroidery is a complete language connoting a semiotic system for communicating and interpreting various colours, patterns, stitches, surface embellishments. The Lambanis have inherited a rich folk tradition of embroidery with exquisite patterns and a voluminous stitch vocabulary. The surface additives added to their embroidery incorporate myriad elements like the mirror(shisha), shells(cowries), beads, applique work, rustic coins, and metal buttons. The exceptional and meticulous utilization of these create a story par excellence. The surface additives utilized in the Lambani culture connotes various aspects of their culture and though used as an extra element along with the embroidery their function is beyond ornamentation and carry several meanings. This paper is an attempt by the researcher to understand, interpret and decode the reasons behind incorporating these surface additives in the embroidery to finally create a masterpiece. The paper also extrapolates on the researcher's travel experiences to various pockets of India where the Lambanis have settled and her inferences of their embroidery in terms of the embellishments, stiches, patterns, and finesse.

Granthaalyah Publication and printers , 2023

An artwork or visual design creates an impact on the minds of the viewer. It makes us think about... more An artwork or visual design creates an impact on the minds of the viewer. It makes us think about a particular topic or subject. This research explores the psychological with respect to physiological understanding of emotional responses. It also tries to understand the behavioural changes which emotion can bring and is associated with creation of Visual Design. This study of various perspectives in the area of emotional connection and relation building will be a guiding resource for artists, designers as well as researchers.

Granthaalyah Publication and printers, 2023

In India, the handicraft industry is the second largest rural employment industry after agricultu... more In India, the handicraft industry is the second largest rural employment industry after agriculture. Handicrafts are typically produced in the unorganised industry. There was an underestimation of the potential of the handicraft industry, which can play a significant part in the economy. Artisans face low wages, job inconsistencies, a lack of technological expertise, and a lack of new design. Several government and nongovernmental programmes are also in operation, but they are either ineffective or do not impact the majority of artisans. In the present study the researchers focuses on the present trends of different handicraft schemes implemented under the 12th five-year plan. The study also explores the ground reality of the existing government's programmes in Jammu and Kashmir towards promoting handicraft industry. The present research will help policymakers create appropriate initiatives to expand the handicraft industry and artisans, as well as change existing plans.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Social media has become the most accessible and considered to be trustworthy media for accessing ... more Social media has become the most accessible and considered to be trustworthy media for accessing health related information with immediacy. This has led to the creation, development and spread of misinformation too. Prevalence of misinformation can be detrimental to the quality of life and sometimes may lead to even death and hence it becomes more essential to understand the complexities of dealing with such misinformation. Being aware of the menace of the situation, we also recognize the need to fight against misinformation. For this purpose, we need to focus on categorization of the main topics of health misinformation and an all-inclusive depiction of their pervasiveness on various social media, the influence it has on the minds and health behavior of people. Such a detailed analysis will enable us to develop future digital policy action plans towards misinformation. Against this background the objectives of the study are to identify the characteristics of health misinformation on social media; and the factors that influence the people's belief and behavior towards health misinformation circulated online. A descriptive survey with convenience sampling technique among social media users will be applied for understanding how various people perceive and are susceptible to the problems of misinformation. Proper understanding of the features of health misinformation in the social media will facilitate us to focus on the measured ways to eradicate the fatal impact of misinformation. Our perceptions on the misinformation that prevails in the fields of health and emergency management will improve through the data gathered and presented in this study.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Memory like history have and will always remain sites for discursive struggle wherein institution... more Memory like history have and will always remain sites for discursive struggle wherein institutional mechanisms will continuously try to control and shape it. Throughout history, mass media has been one of major tools that various actors have used to shape the discursive struggle of history and memory simultaneously. Both of them serve as crucial sites of resistance for the disenfranchised groups.
Mass media in the form of cinema has always been a crucial site for this discursive struggle for both memory and history. In the present-day visual culture, Television and cinema have emerged as major sources from where we get to know about glorious histories, past struggles, and triumphs. Be it biographical series or movies, fictionalized accounts of war memorialized into blockbuster movies, or state commissioned actualities/documentaries; the cinematic representation caters to collective re-imagination of past events and renders them into sites for shaping collective memory and thus identity.
During WWII, both Hitler and Stalin used films as tools for propaganda as this medium has potential to shape one’s understanding of history. State and non- state actors throughout history have used cinema to establish, reinforce and even mold historical events into hyper-emotionalized audio-visual texts, which over a period naturalizes or blurs the lines between real and represented history.
This paper will focus on how content and transmission of popular memory via cinema in India takes place. The focus will be on how mass media in the shape of cinema reinforce the existing mnemonic hegemony, which in turn shapes collective identities and pasts of the public.
Engaging with political economy the paper will further examine how economic conditions shape popular memory simultaneously leading to erasure of certain histories. The concept is to investigate how social, economic, and political circumstances indirectly encourage and exclude specific narratives in order to sustain dominant power dynamics in collective recollection across different races, classes, and genders through the medium of cinema.
The premise is to not only understand mass media content act as an agency to the production and sustaining of memory but also highlight the various factors behind this materialist approach of memory leading to erasure and disenfranchisement of other histories and memories. This involves interrogating the ownership, production, and consumption of memories propagated through television and cinema in India.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

The research is on the film Aayirathil Oruvan (2010) directed by Selavaraghavan. It is inspired l... more The research is on the film Aayirathil Oruvan (2010) directed by Selavaraghavan. It is inspired loosely by the historical decline of the Tamil Chola dynasty and the rise of the Tamil Pandya dynasty. The Concept of the movie is an archaeologist goes missing when he went to search for the existence of the Chola dynasty, a team of officials are formed and go on a journey to find him where they cross a lot of hurdles and finally reach the Chola dynasty which is very surprising for them and find the archaeologist as well. The researcher has chosen the semiotic approach to analyze the movie. The researcher wants to analyze the historical perspective of the movie and identify the hidden details about the Chola king and his dynasty.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Online gaming addiction has become a growing concern in recent years due to the increasing popula... more Online gaming addiction has become a growing concern in recent years due to the increasing popularity of online games and the easy access to them via the internet. This phenomenon can lead to significant changes in an individual's behavior, as they prioritize playing games over other activities and responsibilities. The excessive and prolonged use of online games can result in physical, social, and psychological problems, such as poor sleep habits, decreased physical activity, and increased levels of stress and anxiety. In severe cases, it can lead to social isolation, poor academic performance. The issue of online gaming addiction has become a public health concern and requires attention from parents, educators, and health professionals. In this study researcher adapt quantitative methodology and collected data through survey method. Researcher selected the first year under graduate students from Sathyabama institute of science and technology, Chennai as sample for this study. This abstract highlights the need for research on the causes and consequences of online gaming addiction and the development of effective interventions and prevention strategies based on systematic research.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Media and Entertainment Industry (M&E) has numerous slices that combine into one whole. The M&E i... more Media and Entertainment Industry (M&E) has numerous slices that combine into one whole. The M&E industry consists of movies, radio, music, advertising, artificial intelligence, internet, gaming etc.... It is one of the fastest-growing industries in India and the World in general. It is an industry shaped according to the needs and demands of the viewers or consumers. A contemporary consumer not only checks on their demand fulfilment but also keenly looks upon the layout in which the media presents itself to suit their tastes and preferences. This industry is also heavily weighed upon for its quality, culture, markets, and emotional and cognitive approaches. The COVID-19 Pandemic impacted the media and entertainment industry in multiple ways. The pandemic led to the temporary shutdown of movie theatres and production houses that in turn affected their box office collection. The pandemic led to the emergence of video entertainment platforms such as Amazon Prime, Netflix, Hulu etc… The paper highlights how the pandemic opened doors for experimentation in film production and making in Kerala. It analyses the Malayalam Film Industry"s first computer screen film "C U SOON" directed by editor-turned-director Mahesh Narayanan.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Erotic capitalism is a concept that describes the intersection of sexuality and capitalist econom... more Erotic capitalism is a concept that describes the intersection of sexuality and capitalist economic systems. The 1987 Malayalam film "Thoovanathumbikal" explores this theme through its portrayal of a wealthy, sexually liberated man named Jayakrishnan and his relationships with two women, Radha, and Clara. Since of his riches and social standing, Jayakrishnan is able to indulge his cravings without suffering any repercussions, while the women are obliged to have physical intercourse with him since it is necessary for their financial well-being. The film highlights the power dynamics at play in such relationships and raises questions about the commodification of sexuality and the objectification of women in capitalist societies. Through its portrayal of the characters' struggles with love, desire, and economic pressure, "Thoovanathumbikal" offers a critique of the ways in which capitalist systems can perpetuate inequality and exploitation, particularly with regard to women's bodies and sexuality.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

This paper is an attempt to analyse the implicit and explicit rendering of cultural diplomacy in ... more This paper is an attempt to analyse the implicit and explicit rendering of cultural diplomacy in the popular Netflix series Bridgerton. This series is written by Chris Van Dusen and two seasons of the show titled Bridgeton have been premiered, the latest release of the series is Queen Charlotte: A Bridgerton Story. The television series is an adaptation of the Bridgerton novel series written by Julia Quinn and is produced under Shondaland productions. In this paper, the second season of the series is taken into consideration, in which the representation of Indian culture and its portrayal during the Regency period in England is intricately analysed. Cultural Diplomacy refers to the idea of the exchange of culture, art, language so on between nations that can result in diplomatic relations between countries. The series re-tells the history of the British Empire during the Regency period. The recurrent themes in the series are love and courtship. This paper analyses Cultural diplomacy as well as the neo-colonialist tendencies demonstrated through the series. Cultural diplomacy can be achieved through cinema and various film studies have proven its effect on the people. The cinema also serves as a medium of capitalism in disguise of art. This paper looks into the nature of relation existing between the former colonizer and its former colony. Also, to know about Capitalism as a form of Neo-colonialism, and to understand its part in Cultural Diplomacy. This research paper tries to understand the Bridgerton series as part of Culture and Capitalism.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

This research paper presents an Eco-Marxist analysis of the commodification of water resources an... more This research paper presents an Eco-Marxist analysis of the commodification of water resources and environmental degradation as depicted in the film Mad Max: Fury Road. Focusing on the concept of water capitalism, the paper examines how the film portrays the control, exploitation, and unequal distribution of water within a dystopian society. The post-apocalyptic action movie depicts a world that has been devastated by nuclear war, where resources, including water, are scarce. This research paper aims to analyze the intersection of environmental degradation, resource scarcity, and inequality as depicted in the movie through the lens of eco-criticism and Marxist theory. It also demonstrates how the movie criticizes the exploitative practices of capitalism and the demand for a more fair and sustainable system through a detailed examination of the story, characters, dialogues, and ideas.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

In India, the majority of people believe that any form of mass media can reflect society. Adverti... more In India, the majority of people believe that any form of mass media can reflect society. Advertising is one of the most important and influential media products. Advertisements (Ads) are known for being convincing, particularly television ads, which are thought to be the most successful kind of mass-market advertising. Advertising serves as a critical agent of socialization in modern developed societies and is used to maintain specific social structures. The current research article uses discourse analysis to examine how the idea of women's employment is presented in selected Indian television commercials. This study primarily focuses on the use of language in advertisements that are used to control people's thoughts. After analysis, it was found that when the majority of household advertisements, label women in a subordinate position, some brands challenge these stereotypes. The storylines focused on women's empowerment are receiving a warm reception from society. Advertisements that portray women positively have more chances of success, making the brand unique and standing out among the mass.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

The study analyses the representation of men and women in advertisements along with its connectio... more The study analyses the representation of men and women in advertisements along with its connection with our society's prevailing social conditions. A sum of ten advertisements from various parts of the world are used throughout the study to identify the gender representation, and sexual biases present in the advertisements. The advertisements are for popular brands from various sectors such as cosmetics, Food & Beverage, Clothing & Accessories, households, Electronics, and automobiles. Two advertisements from each sector have been used for the study. This includes the brands such as Kiehl's Skincare, and Nivea from Cosmetics, Frooti, and Slice from Food and Beverage, Warner, and Weyenberg Massagic shoes from Clothing & Accessories, Mr. Clean, and Dettol from the Household sector, and Sony Vita from Electronics, and Ford Figo from Automobile. All the advertisements chosen are of different periods including both vintage, and recent considering the continuity of hyper objectification, and sexualization in the advertisements. This includes a period from the 1970s to 2017 and journals, articles, and reports from recent years. Many advertisements use sensual content to grab the audience's attention, thereby selling the products. Along with the Critical Discourse Analysis, this study also follows Fairclough's Three-Dimensional Model, Media Representation, and the theory by Laura Mulvey.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Power packed performances of the male lead with the goons flying in the air has become a mundane ... more Power packed performances of the male lead with the goons flying in the air has become a mundane visual treat for the Malayali audience. It is those heroes with the 'guy next to door' image that the audience feels acceptable and relatable. Malayalam film industry, popularly known as Mollywood, witnessed in the year 2022 the release of a couple of brilliant films notable for their scrupulous character portrayals. Such characters narrated and detailed the lives and ways of common men and thus were critically acclaimed post release, as noticeable entries in contemporary popular culture. Culture demands and conditions men and women to act out their gender roles in specific ways, which in turn, put pressures on them to live up to the expectations of the societal and cultural standards. The paper intends to focus on these aspects by analyzing three Malayalam films-Puzhu, Malayankunju, and Nna Thaan Case Kodu, all released in the year 2022. All these three movies have different plot settings and character sketches, but are unique in respect of the portrayal of male protagonists in them. According to Raewyn Connell's categorization of masculinities, each of the male characters in the film identified belongs to hegemonic, marginalized, and subordinate masculine categories. The main focus of the paper is to analyze the ideologies of masculine representations in the popular media and thereby to point out the cultural nuances in these portrayals.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Malayalam Cinema is well known for its making of exceptional horror films along with great films ... more Malayalam Cinema is well known for its making of exceptional horror films along with great films in other genres. It is quite interesting that Malayalam Cinema has had a tradition of horror from the beginning. The tradition of horror in Malayalam Cinema starts with A. Vincent's Bhargavinilayam, released in the year 1964. It is notable that Malayalam Cinema attempted the genre of horror even in its early period. This paper tries to examine how Malayalam cinema deals with horror and thereby creates a say in the culture of Kerala. Interestingly, the culture of Kerala has contributed a lot to the making of Malayalam horror films and it in turn helped in shaping the culture too. So, horror in Malayalam cinema is an area that needs discussion and analysis. The exciting part of the study is that Malayalam Cinema has varied versions of horror. As Kerala is enriched with folklore and stories that engagingly instill horror, it is not surprising that Malayalam films have a say in the horror tradition. Not only that but also, Malayalam Cinema owns different kinds of horror films, each one linked with various cultures that exist/existed in Kerala. The study explores various types of horror films made in Malayalam. The paper also aims to examine the cultural connection that each type holds. Feminist Film theories and psychoanalytic theories provide the foundation for the study.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Identity is a vast and slippery term. It is used mostly in social sciences and related sub discip... more Identity is a vast and slippery term. It is used mostly in social sciences and related sub disciplinarian's cultural studies, sociology, and psychology. `Youth` as a stage is an extremely critical period in terms of identity formation Identity is developed by self, but it must be validated by others Identity is central to digital communication technologies because the internet allows the user to change the real social identity (offline) and create a new or recreated identity online The Internet allows us to alter self-micro narrations and authority and the way society shapes identity. Identity is the most crucial element of digital communication because an identity is a context of interpersonal communication. Online culture is a parallel culture for offline or the real culture. The Internet offers a new platform of identity in which real identity can be hidden and it can be reshaped or recreated as per the user's interest hence Internet is a context free medium. We assume that the individual form's identity meanings from society's culture The self-sentiment is a crucial aspect. Mobile media usage facilitates the users to develop their self-sentiment related identities in the internet space. Social media usage and getting likes and posts can be associated with the self-sentiment. This research paper explores the variety of online-expressionism of urban youth when they are active on social media platforms like Instagram and Facebook. In context of the social shaping of identities and the negotiating politics in the online space. The paper also comments and explores the gendered Identities, and body image negotiations in terms of femininity and masculinity in the digital space. The urban young people, their online posts, and the different places all together forms a collage of different identities.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

After the emergence of OTT platforms, film industries based on the regional languages of India ha... more After the emergence of OTT platforms, film industries based on the regional languages of India have become popular around the world. OTT platforms have given these smaller film industries a massive boost in terms of accessibility which has resulted in a much wider reach and acceptance for their films on a global scale. The Malayalam film industry or Mollywood is thought to have largely benefitted from this OTT boom. This paper aims to study the role of OTT platforms in the recent popularity and acceptance of Malayalam films, which otherwise would have been small-scale theatrical releases whose accessibility and acceptance would have been confined or limited within the respective small-scale regional audience who are familiar with the language.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Cinema is the intrinsic creative expression which has often been reflected with many diversified ... more Cinema is the intrinsic creative expression which has often been reflected with many diversified perspectives. The auteur's perspective to the 'masala movie, which always fascinates with its inclusive subject matter. It's been always interesting to ponder on how the narratives of cinema are swayed parallel with the conventional one. The filmmakers with their independent perspectives often been seen to focus or take the most untouched grey areas which generally deal with human's life and endeavors (caste, class, creed, color, ethnicity, engendered social milieu, taboos, socio economic inequalities, grassroots problem, basic amenities, or simply different from the existence of human values with hegemonical counter-narratives been taken into account and reflected in cinema. The very idea of this present study is to understand the cinema culture of Latin American cinema (how it is different from New Wave Movement and Italian Neo Realism). The study focuses on the movement of cinema novo and selects a few notable movies to understand the ideation of narratives. The discourse analysis entails the reasons for the fall down of the movement and problem in order to decipher the meaning. The sole purpose of the study is to know treatment and approach of genre of cinema novo; to understand the metaphors and discourses; and to know the downfall of this movement in spite of always trying to mirror the unseen world to the rest of the world. This study suggests that this cinematic movement is a thorough reflection of the voiceless, poverty stricken and working-class condition of the people which should be taken up with a newer perspective and dimension.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

This study investigates the use of social media in promoting less popular sports. Many sports org... more This study investigates the use of social media in promoting less popular sports. Many sports organizations have used social media in recent years to boost their visibility and attract new fans. However, it is unclear how effective social media is in promoting less popular sports. This study aims to identify the strategies of using social media to promote less popular sports and the factors that contribute to the success of social media campaigns. This study will use mixed methods, including surveys and interviews with athletes and journalists. The findings of this study will have implications for sports organizations and marketers looking to promote less popular sports through social media.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

With the growth of social media platforms, people are becoming increasingly linked and exposed to... more With the growth of social media platforms, people are becoming increasingly linked and exposed to a vast amount of information, updates, and happenings in real-time. Anxiety and the worry of missing out on things, opportunities, or relationships may be aggravated by the constant flood of social media content. Overusing social media platforms has been linked to the psychiatric disorder known as "Fear of Missing Out" (FOMO) because, at times, users use these sites to compare their lives to those of others and keep up with and constantly check on what their friends are up to. This study aims to explore how social media use and FOMO are related. The paper will employ a method of quantitative analysis, which involves collecting data from a sample of social media users in Kerala via an online survey, as well as a qualitative method, which involves interviews with leading psychologists and the analysis of a literature review. The study will employ theoretical frameworks like social comparison theory, self-determination theory, and uses and gratifications theory to analyse the data and understand the connection between social media usage and FOMO. The findings of this study will give an insight of social media usage and FOMO while highlighting the psychological impacts of social media usage on an individual's wellness.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Power negotiations of various forms constitute any social structure and most literary theories ha... more Power negotiations of various forms constitute any social structure and most literary theories have their onset inspired by such power relations. Aetonormativity is a recent theoretical development that focuses on the normative dominance of adults in children’s literature, which has a wider scope and applicability in different fields including psychology, visual media and so on. The paper investigates the possibilities of interrogating Aetonormativity through cinema and studies its competence as a medium in endorsing the notion of the mighty child, thereby attempting a desirable power balance in adult-child or any age-based interactions. This study analyses Disney’s 2020 animation movie Soul which involves the interplay between an adult protagonist and a child protagonist as the primary source text. It relies on schema theory and the concept of the cognitive script to interpret Aetonormativity and its ventured subversion in the aforementioned visual text. The paper also identifies the necessity to analyse the interpretive strategies used to educate and guide children and the impact of different media to which they are exposed to. The findings are useful in interdisciplinary research involving visual media, psychology, and literature. The study thoroughly investigates the advantages of breaking certain set standards that are taken for granted in adult-adolescent relationships. It also emphasizes the connection between cognitive psychology and fiction and how it can influence the comprehension and development of a child. It also establishes how visual media initiates a balance of power in texts intended for children compared to printed texts that tend to be Aetonormative as a medium.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

The digital media has come a long way in promoting participatory communication. From not limiting... more The digital media has come a long way in promoting participatory communication. From not limiting itself to social interactions alone, the digital medium has become a medium of raising social awareness, promoting entrepreneurship, and creating a steady web on public domain. This has resulted into a forum of self-reliance on knowledge accessibility. This forum has become a steady source of information even in the face of extreme crises. Understanding the need for reliable communication on health in the last pandemic in terms of health, the digital media took an innovative stance through app-based interaction and led to steady discussion on the prevention, improvement, and remedial approaches of the health crises. Health communication makes was for effective public health objectives that could be both promotion as well as assistance towards individual and collective change thereby minimizing health disparities. Digital media here plays a crucial role.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a key way to improve digital marketing. AI can help m... more Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a key way to improve digital marketing. AI can help marketers build better products, deliver faster and more relevant advertising to customers, and better understand their audience's data patterns. Brands are using AI in marketing to craft more personalized customer experiences across all channels, from email campaigns to social media posts. It can help marketers better understand how their audience interacts with their brand and what types of messaging will resonate most effectively. At the same time, brands struggle to find a balance between using AI and remaining transparent with customers. As more companies invest in AI-powered products, customers will expect more transparency around how these technologies work-and what they mean for privacy. AI can be used in various ways, from improving website navigation to using computer vision to create more targeted ads.AI is integrated into many digital marketing tools marketers use daily. It can help them with things like social media management, graphic design, content creation, and keyword research. It can also help them with things like customer service and lead generation by automating repetitive tasks.AI might be able to answer simple questions about company products or services without any human intervention.AI has potential to make marketers' lives easier in the future by automating many of their current tasks and providing insights about consumers. In this study, content analysis and interview methods were used to analyze various AI tools used in digital marketing and how they can improve the projects of digital marketers.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

This research paper examines the efficacy of taglines in enhancing brand awareness and recall wit... more This research paper examines the efficacy of taglines in enhancing brand awareness and recall within the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector in India. Utilizing a quantitative approach, a structured questionnaire was administered to a sample of 265 respondents, aiming to gather insights into consumer perceptions regarding the impact of taglines on their ability to recognize and recall brands. The study employs a onesample t-test for data analysis, revealing statistically significant findings that indicate a strong positive correlation between memorable taglines and both brand awareness and recall. The results demonstrate that consumers perceive taglines as crucial tools for identifying brands while shopping and for aiding their memory during purchasing decisions. These findings underscore the importance of effective tagline development as a strategic marketing component in the FMCG industry. The paper concludes by discussing the implications for marketers and offering suggestions for future research avenues.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Growing was digital marketing prior to the pandemic. Digital marketing knowledge and awareness in... more Growing was digital marketing prior to the pandemic. Digital marketing knowledge and awareness increased, but more slowly. Few large brands considered it essential or a way to reach a wider audience worldwide. Furthermore, because they had smaller marketing budgets, nontraditional startups were the first to experiment with digital marketing. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on how businesses operate. Many businesses are opting to conduct customer interactions and brand sales virtually via the internet due to health and safety concerns. The world has gone online, from clothing to food and medicine. The company experienced a total digital makeover overnight. The survey indicates that 66% of these companies have finished digital marketing tasks that previously seemed like a huge challenge, and 59% of these companies have increased their efforts in this area. All of the brands that had chosen to sell digitally kept doing so as the pandemic passed, and the world started to open up. Along with saving money on various traditional marketing expenses, they also produced better results. In fact, they have begun hiring more people and growing their teams for digital marketing, which offers marketing freshmen a lucrative career opportunity. In this study, we examine whether digital marketing has significantly expanded both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The responses of marketing managers from 100 Pune-based companies are used in a two-sample means test for this purpose. The findings indicate that during the COVID period, digital marketing has become significantly more important.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Financial statement analysis has played a crucial role in evaluating a company's potential for fi... more Financial statement analysis has played a crucial role in evaluating a company's potential for financial difficulties, such as its ability to repay debts. Initially, credit suppliers utilized financial statement analysis to assess the creditworthiness of borrowers. However, in today's landscape, financial statement analysis has become widespread, involving a diverse range of ratios and catering to various users which include the suppliers, commercial banks, agencies involved in credit rating, existing and potential investors, higher management and others. Financial distress denotes to a company's incapacity to meet its financial commitments as they come due. Academic research in accounting and finance has predominantly emphasized defaulters of bond holders or bankruptcy as indicators of distress. The primary question revolves around whether the likelihood of distress significantly fluctuates based on the magnitude of financial statement ratios. This research study analyses the how sound the financial health of the company is and what are the probabilities of bankruptcy of selected companies belonging to the FMCG sector in India with the help of revised Altman Z-score model. This study focuses on the analysis of twenty (20) selected Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) companies listed on the Stock Index i.e Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). These companies represent various segments such as Personal care, Food and Beverages, Alcohol and Cigarettes, Dairy, Food, Soaps and Detergents, Tobacco products, home care and other consumer durables. Based on the study's findings, it can be inferred that a majority of the companies in the FMCG sector in India exhibit good financial health and fall within the Safe Zone according to the Altman Z score model. The companies initially classified in the grey zone have shown improvements in their financial well-being in subsequent years. The Pearson correlation analysis reveals a noteworthy positive relationship between the variables and the Altman Z scores. Consequently, the study validates the effectiveness of the Altman Z score model as a reliable tool for predicting and forecasting the level of and impact of financial distress in companies. Emphasizing both the analytical and practical significance, this study aims to showcase the inherent value of using financial ratios. By employing financial ratios, this research underscores their potential to provide meaningful insights and practical applications in assessing corporate performance. As a result, investors can utilize this study to identify financially stable companies and make informed investment decisions based on the findings.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

This study investigates the impact of variations in the USD/INR exchange rate on the tax burden o... more This study investigates the impact of variations in the USD/INR exchange rate on the tax burden of Indian IT enterprises from 2019 to 2023. Exchange rate fluctuations can affect tax obligations by influencing the conversion of overseas income and the efficacy of hedging tactics. The research conducted an analysis using correlation and regression techniques on data from prominent IT companies like as Infosys, TCS, Wipro, Tech Mahindra, and HCL Technologies. The findings indicate a notable and positive relationship between fluctuations in currency rates and tax expenses. Infosys and TCS demonstrate the highest levels of correlation, with around 82.6% and 88.8% of their variation in tax expenses being accounted for by variations in exchange rates, respectively. These findings emphasize the importance of using efficient risk management methods, such as strategic hedging and the strategic placement of subsidiaries, to reduce the negative impact of currency fluctuations on tax-related financial factors. Further research could investigate the role of government policies in mitigating these risks.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Creating and promoting items according to their perceived or actual environmental sustainability ... more Creating and promoting items according to their perceived or actual environmental sustainability is referred to as "green marketing." Two instances of green marketing involve highlighting the reduced emissions linked to a product's manufacturing process or using recycled materials in product packaging. Some companies might further position themselves as mindful businesses by giving a portion of their sales profits to environmental projects like planting trees. Green marketing is part of a broader trend toward socially and environmentally friendly business practices. Consumers are increasingly expecting companies to demonstrate their commitment to improving their operations while also following to various environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards. To continue to achieve this, a lot of businesses will continue to send out social impact statements in which they transparently track their advancement toward these goals on a regular basis. Reducing the carbon emissions linked to the company's operations upholding strict labor laws both domestically and in foreign supply chains, and charitable endeavors aimed at benefitting the communities where the company operates are common examples of ESG-related improvements. Green marketing, while primarily referring to environmental measures, is increasingly being offered alongside with corporate governance and social goals. Based on a survey of 120 marketing managers, a collection of green marketing practices is identified in this article.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

This qualitative research study scrutinizes the use of animation and special effects in Indian ad... more This qualitative research study scrutinizes the use of animation and special effects in Indian advertising on social media platforms, aiming to shed light on their impact on viewer engagement, message recall, and brand recognition. The growing dominance of social media in modern marketing has led businesses to explore innovative ways to create engaging content that stands out amidst the clutter. Animation and special effects offer a promising avenue to achieve this goal by crafting visually captivating advertisements that effectively convey brand messages. The social media platforms are carefully chosen based on their expertise in designing and implementing animation and special effects. The primary focus of the analysis lies in understanding how animation and special effects are strategically employed to achieve specific marketing objectives. These recommendations underscore the importance of tailoring animation and special effects to suit the target audience's preferences and demographics. Furthermore, it advocates aligning campaign objectives with the chosen animation styles and content, ensuring a harmonious and cohesive message. By striking the right balance and synergy between creative elements and brand values, marketers can maximize the potential of animation and special effects to elevate their social media advertising efforts. This study provides valuable insights into the strategic use of animation and special effects in social media advertising. By understanding the nuances of these creative techniques and their impact on viewer engagement, marketers can make informed decisions when integrating them into their marketing strategies. The research serves as a valuable resource for shaping future marketing campaigns, fostering meaningful connections with target audiences, and ultimately achieving marketing success on social media platforms. As the landscape of social media and advertising continues to evolve, this study paves the way for further exploration into innovative visual storytelling and user-centric marketing approaches.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

After the creation of the universe, the practice of consecration of statues and symbolic represen... more After the creation of the universe, the practice of consecration of statues and symbolic representation of gods-goddesses and nature as divinity began in civilizations across the world; proving its continued existence and practice across human history. These symbols serve the multiple purposes; from being an emblem representing the concept of religious faith, notions and beliefs in the psyche of the devotees to representing the desire for glory, protection and good fortune. These symbols communicate complicated human emotions through symbolic language in the simplest ways. From the prehistoric times to the contemporary age these symbols can be traced across the human civilizations with some variations in its physical form. These variations sometimes translate differently across religions and sometimes their expressions carry certain similarities. We find such instances in the iterations of some Buddhist symbols, when worshipping the idol of Gautama Buddha was prohibited in Pre-Sectarian Buddhist age. As a result, initially Lord Buddha was represented through the consecration of religious symbols. Gradually with the passage of time, due to cultural assimilation and the domination of Hinduism, Buddhism (Mahayana sect) came closer to Hinduism. We find early Buddhist sculptures in open natural spaces as the consecration of the statue of Gautama Buddha preceded the construction of temples. To protect these statues from Sun and Rain, these statues were soon covered by various forms of parasol like canopies (Umbrella) to the upper part of the idol as a unique feature on the upper side of the idol marking the influence of Kushan period. These parasols are engraved with various symbols like: Mangal Kalash, Swastika, Conch, Shrivatsa, Lotus, etc. The specimens of these parasols can be found protected in Mathura Museum. This paper studies the meaning of artistic and symbolic foundation of these engraved symbols.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Jain school of paintings has a special feature in the wider perspective of Indian painting. The r... more Jain school of paintings has a special feature in the wider perspective of Indian painting. The rich form of Jain art started in the form of sculptures and cave wall paintings. Later on, a new original form of Jain art started in the form of manuscript painting, which is based on various motifs of miniature style, such as - illustrated palm leaves, illustrated cloth paintings and illustrated paper books etc. Illustrated examples of Jain painting have been found in the handwritten texts made in all these motifs, along with these, the wooden covers which were kept above and below the manuscripts for the protection of these texts, have also been collected from private Collection and museums. These wooden covers were made to keep the palm leaves safe. Along with manuscript paintings, painters used to decorate these panels with beautiful figures and stories. The free expression of the painter can be seen in the depiction of these wooden covers. Like manuscripts, these plates also hold a special place in art history.
There is a wonderful depiction of Indian animals and birds, geometrical shapes, design of bellflowers, columbines and religious symbols on these illustrated wooden covers of manuscripts. In addition to decorations, these panels also depict various contemporary events and cultural themes. Due to the uniqueness of designs and the amazing depiction of these wooden book covers it can be inferred that the painters who created them must have been highly skilled. These wonderful examples of paintings from Jain school of paintings have special importance in art history and Jain culture. The objective of the research is to do artistic analysis of these wooden manuscripts covers. Although analyzing all the collected data from the museums and manuscript centers was a challenging task for the researcher but eventually efforts were made to publicize the facts in detail.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Rajasthan, the northwestern state of India presents a great variety of tangible and intangible cu... more Rajasthan, the northwestern state of India presents a great variety of tangible and intangible cultural heritage. Owing to its unique geographical position in the country, the place is full of historic influences and wealth of art with reflection of cultural diversity along with considerable amount of overlaps in practicing rituals and mode of dressing.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

The handicrafts sector in India provides employment to a vast number of people contributing to th... more The handicrafts sector in India provides employment to a vast number of people contributing to the country's economy; by the vary nature of woodblock making craft, the produce is made with hand-making it labour intensive; spending hours in the same place, health hazards associated occupation. Woodblock makers of Pethapur served as the focal point of the ergonomic study; to render the craft person to be more efficient and productive. The semi structured interview schedule was developed containing a detailed check list for analyzing occupational health hazards using musculoskeletal disorder scale and RULA scale. The results showed that the senior craftsmen experienced pain at various body parts such as joint pain, neck and shoulder pain. It was also discovered that working posture has relation to the body sections that are in pain. It was concluded that there is a need for implementing change in working pattern, workspace arrangement as well as creating awareness amongst the craftsmen about the ergonomic risk factors. The craftsmen need to undergo some physical exercises before performing work which would help in reducing pains.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

The tribal art of Central Western India including the Warli, Gond, Bhil, Pithora, Mandana, and ot... more The tribal art of Central Western India including the Warli, Gond, Bhil, Pithora, Mandana, and others boasts a rich heritage of vibrant colors, intricate patterns, and traditional motifs, reflecting the unique cultural and artistic diversity of the region. This research explores the fusion of tradition and modernity by adapting tribal art into textile design using digital design software to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of textile design. The study also aims to highlight the potential for sustainable development and economic empowerment of tribal communities while preserving and promoting their indigenous art forms. By bridging the gap between tradition and modernity, this research demonstrates the feasibility of adapting tribal art for textile products using digital tools, leading to innovative and marketable designs by preserving the art forms and improving the overall well-being of tribal communities.

Gender-Sensitive Design, 2023

This research delves into the topic of incorporating cultural ethos into interior design, with a ... more This research delves into the topic of incorporating cultural ethos into interior design, with a particular focus on residential spaces in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Cultural elements play a significant role in interior design, alongside color, line and furniture. Ahmedabad is an excellent example of a city with a rich cultural heritage, where traditional and modern interior design styles can be distinguished from each other. The essay examines various design elements that showcase the cultural heritage of Ahmedabad, including traditional motifs, color palettes and locally sourced materials. The research explores the significance of socio-cultural values in Ahmedabad and how it affects the interior design of residential spaces. The aim of this research is to highlight the importance of cultural ethos in interior design and provide designers and architects with valuable insights for creating culturally rich and meaningful spaces. The findings indicate that incorporating cultural elements in residential interior design can create a unique and authentic living experience that celebrates the cultural heritage of the society. The study concludes that the integration of cultural ethos in interior design is essential to creating a harmonious and culturally rich living experience for residents.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Public open spaces are integral to urban landscapes, offering chances for interaction, recreation... more Public open spaces are integral to urban landscapes, offering chances for interaction, recreation, and community engagement. However, their design and management profoundly influence diverse user experiences and perceptions. Women's experiences of public open spaces are often shaped by a complex interplay of factors, including social norms, safety concerns, and the physical environment. This research aims at deciphering the complex relationship between women, gender, and their perceived place within these spaces. Drawing on qualitative research methodologies including Ethnography, on site semi-structure interviews and site observations, the study scrutinizes women's perceptions and interactions in these spaces, highlighting the ways these interactions shape their sense of place. This study further explores the confluence of gender and placemaking, providing a nuanced understanding of the social, cultural, and physical factors influencing women's experiences in such spaces. By offering strategic insights and recommendations, the research envisages facilitating the creation and governance of public open spaces that respect gender equality and social inclusion.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

In cinema, colors have significance on various levels, including the physical, psychological, and... more In cinema, colors have significance on various levels, including the physical, psychological, and aesthetic. But adding color to black-and-white films so that they appear realistic to the majority of human observers was a significant challenge for the film industry in the 1980s, as it was a very difficult and time-consuming process. However, with the advancement of artificial intelligence and technical developments, the process of colorization has improved, which makes it possible to turn black-and-white films into vivid experiences in a matter of hours. Colorization performs by transferring out the luminance or scalar value, stored in each pixel of a B&W image to a threedimensional color space. The objective of this research is to assess the reception of colorized versions of iconic black-and-white Bollywood films by contemporary audiences, particularly the younger generation. By employing a mixed methods approach that combines both qualitative and quantitative techniques, we explore whether the introduction of color through digital technology and recent artificial intelligence motivates the new generation to engage with these venerable classics. As case studies, five well-known Bollywood movies from various genres-Mughal-e-Azam (1960), Shree 420 (1955), Naya Daur (1957), Kala Pani (1958), and Dil Tera Deewana (1983)-were chosen. Short video montages featuring scenes from both the colorized and original black-and-white versions of these films were presented to undergraduate and postgraduate students at a university. Nonprobability purposive sampling was used to acquire the data, and a mixed-methods strategy was used to analyze it. The results show that colorization has a substantial effect on younger viewers, who have a greater desire to see these movies in color. This study highlights the evolving importance of colorization in preserving classic cinema and reviving its appeal to modern audiences. Although not devoid of controversies, the process of colorization has emerged as a means to bridge the generational gap in the appreciation of cinematic legacy.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Some artists draw inspiration from their personal experiences, emotions, and perspectives, and ma... more Some artists draw inspiration from their personal experiences, emotions, and perspectives, and may use their art as a means of expressing their innermost thoughts and feelings. Other artists may be interested in capturing the beauty of nature, exploring the human form, or delving into social and political issues. Some artists may be motivated by a desire to create visually stunning or thought-provoking works, while others may be more focused on creating pieces that reflect their cultural or historical identity. Ultimately, Artists' subject matter choices can be influenced It is influenced by a number of factors, including their personal characteristics interests and experiences, their artistic goals and vision, and the broader cultural and social context in which they live. Over the course of history, artists have explored the Eight-fold Path philosophy of the Buddha in a variety of mediums. If an artist were to choose this as a subject for their work, they could approach it in a number of different ways. The artist could explore the challenges and triumphs of following the path, as well as the trans-formative power of enlightenment. Regardless of the approach taken, an artist who chooses the Eight-fold Path as a subject for their work would have a rich and meaningful philosophical tradition to draw from, offering endless possibilities for creative expression and interpretation. There is a new dimension to right thinking, right speech, right memory, right livelihood, as well as right exercise and right samadhi. A combination of black marble and sand stone has been used to create the sculptures.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Folk arts in India possess a distinct identity, setting them apart from other art forms, and they... more Folk arts in India possess a distinct identity, setting them apart from other art forms, and they serve a crucial social mission in creating and preserving cultural identities. The Gond tribe, one of India's largest tribal communities, resides predominantly in central India, particularly in the regions of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. Over the past few decades, Gond paintings have gained global recognition and acclaim, primarily thanks to the work of artist Jangarh Singh Shyam. For many years, members of the Gond tribe have continued to practice and pass down this traditional art form through generations. The data for this study was collected using visual analysis and in-depth interviews. The study aims to analyze the representation of everyday life in Gond paintings and examine viewers' perceptions of these artworks. The study's results demonstrate that Gond art vividly expresses the essence of the culture in all its vibrant hues. Gond paintings are a form of storytelling folk art, providing a captivating gateway to a world of imagination and astonishment. These artworks utilize a distinctive style characterized by multi-hued and dot-bright techniques to portray various aspects of Gond culture and everyday activities through indigenous communication.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

The representation of women in cinema has been a longstanding concern in the field of cinema stud... more The representation of women in cinema has been a longstanding concern in the field of cinema studies. Historically, female characters have often been relegated to submissive and domestic roles on screen. However, recent years have witnessed a significant shift in the portrayal of women in cinema, with an increasing number of films depicting female characters in active, occupational, and self-determining roles. This article delves into this transformative narrative trend by focusing on two Manipuri films, Imagi Ningthem (1981) and Ishanou (1990), directed by Aribam Syam Sharma. These films feature resilient female protagonists who challenge and defy the traditional domestic roles assigned to women in cinematic narratives. Using textual analysis, this article explores the nuanced portrayal of these female characters and the agency they exhibit in shaping their destinies. Drawing from the framework of feminist film theory, this study critically examines how these characters navigate societal expectations and patriarchal norms within the context of their narratives. The films serve as compelling narratives that shed light on the evolving representation of female agency in cinema where women character challenges conventional gender roles and offer a fresh perspective on women's identity within the cinematic realm. By interrogating the textual and societal dimensions of these films, this study gives a broader discourse on gender representation in cinema and highlights the importance of female agency in shaping contemporary narratives.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Media is an essential tool for disseminating information to the masses and educating them while m... more Media is an essential tool for disseminating information to the masses and educating them while maintaining professional ethics and piety. The responsibility of providing accurate information and preventing the spread of disinformation or erroneous coverage rests with mainstream media. During a natural disaster or pandemic like COVID-19, media reporting becomes even more critical as people require up-to-date information on government policies and guidelines. Media plays a vital role in uniting people during times of crisis to help them fight against a catastrophe effectively. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, several cases have been observed in India where the media failed to fulfil its responsibilities, leading to criticism for inaccurate information and spreading hoaxes. The purpose of the study is to look at the selected cases of fake news in mainstream media during the first four months of COVID-19 in India and the societal consequences around it. The research methodology includes a qualitative approach. The selected cases were studied to look deeper into media coverage during the pandemic. Personal interviews with media professionals were conducted to further unfold the underpinnings. The findings are helpful for stakeholders to understand the importance of responsible journalism during times of crisis and recommendations would certainly help us fight the menace of fake news.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

English: According to Indian concept of art, the only purpose of art is to provide experience of ... more English: According to Indian concept of art, the only purpose of art is to provide experience of rasa to spectators or conossiurs. This is applicable on all fine arts. The aesthetic concept of ancient fine arts is mentioned in the Chitrasutra of Vishnudharmottar Puran, Samarangan Sutradhar, and Kamasutra but in modern period due to the change in format of fine arts, the concept of beauty has also changed because the concepts of beauty and fine arts are interdependent. In modern Period colour, theme, limbs of art, form etc. have changed. Today form has been distorted, as well as, conceptual art has evolved in visual form which includes installation, performance, new media art, etc. But there is no change in the Process of Rasa Anubhuti and its Nishpatti. After the distortion of form, Rasa and bhava is to be experienced by the spectator.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

This paper examines the paradigm shift in the genre of Russian horror short stories, and this tec... more This paper examines the paradigm shift in the genre of Russian horror short stories, and this tectonic shift is exemplified by a parallel reading of Nikolai Gogol’s “The Overcoat” and Ludmilla Petrushevskaya’s “The Black Coat”. The juxtaposition of these two stories exposes how male writers have always been placed on a pedestal in the Russian literary canon. In contrast, this paper highlights how the contributions of their female counterparts have been constantly sidelined, though both streams of works enriched the vast field of the Russian literary empire. Narratology theory is used to highlight the narrative techniques of both authors since it examines what narratives share and what makes them unique. This is illustrated by demonstrating how writers like Petrushevskya have dismantled the common notion that only male writers contribute to the technical aspects of a genre. Using the comparative methodology, this paper also traces the tradition of this genre and the holistic perspective towards the Russian women writers who outpoured their creative capacity, good enough to be recognised and appreciated. The conclusion of the paper discusses the way Ludmilla Petrushevskaya broke the former institution of short stories with a touch of psychic horror (female psyche) by going along with the characteristic features of Russian literature: the inner world of characters.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Empathy is the ability to recognise a person or object's posture, position, and feelings as one's... more Empathy is the ability to recognise a person or object's posture, position, and feelings as one's own. People's involuntary projection or personal empathy into for an object or for a person is a great concern of humanity that must be addressed for the overall well-being of human existence in the modern world. People are enticed to embrace refined lifestyles with ultra-modern amenities as scientific and technical advances take centre-stage in this global village. In human life, it creates loneliness, distraction, barrenness, and alienation. In Never Let Me Go and Klara and the Sun, Kazuo Ishiguro's protagonists Kathy (the clone) and Klara (the artificial intelligence) respectively feel personal empathy for their fellow humans. They are considered to be objects, capable of replacing decayed organs and broken relationships. Through a humanistic lens, this study compares human beings with mortal clones and chipped AIs, attempting to argue that they are generous enough to possess greater humane traits than human beings in realising the value of life on Earth. Following the theoretical approach of humanity and the intellectual intuition of aesthetics, Hailsham's Kathy and Jossie's artificial friend Klara offer everything they own, even their lives, to their strange human companions. In this way, the article sums up how digital advancements must improve human beings' sympathetic approach by clinging on to life values while hoping for the best in the future. Through his skillful narrative, Ishiguro wonderfully depicts the sense of empathy for the harmonious tomorrow.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

This paper focusses on the difficulties in the production of a live drama in an educational insti... more This paper focusses on the difficulties in the production of a live drama in an educational institution from auditioning the actors to seamless performance on stage. The actors were chosen from students of literature doing their undergraduate and postgraduate studies. A postcolonial drama, The Lion and The Jewel by Wole Soyinka was chosen and the drama was staged. The researcher has been the director of the drama and a field study has been studied on the process of creating a successful drama. It involves stage management, producing the play, directing, acting, light design, set design and costume design. Stage management is one of the crucial factors in a drama which needs to be taken care of from the practice sessions to the show time. The outcome of the show relies entirely on the management of the stage. In this study Yoruba's drama is taken and replicating them was a tougher one which includes costume, realistic stage setting, lighting, sound setting and their dances. The drama is also chosen to highlight the sufferings of women in African society and how they are victimized. All these aspects are previously designed and experimented practically to find out the shortcomings in staging a live drama in an educational institution. Questionnaires are also designed and circulated among the actors for further study.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

It is to be sensed and realized in the field of Education, on the importance of productivity in l... more It is to be sensed and realized in the field of Education, on the importance of productivity in learning. To inculcate and impart the process of productivity in learning literature as an art of study has become the need of the hour. It is essential to bring the students close to get a better grip over literature as well as language. Generally speaking, literature has been considered as a subject which either the professors or students read and appreciate the works of it through different genres like poetry. Drama, fiction, etc. for the aesthetic pleasure that too mostly from the perspective of the established critics or interpreters point view of the text. It will not be an exaggeration if we present the reality of approach, as of borrowed opinion without the enterprise of the individual experiences or opinion moreover, it cannot be denied in the circle of learned fraternity that this approach of learning literature would enhance the learners' skills and helps them in generating their thought process relevant to the topic. It is possible only by means of Learner-Centric method. The activities with which they are engaged will result in their achievement. It will rather help them to fix their career goal clearly. If this process of performing through dramas, folks, etc. has been encouraged in live classroom, then their learning outcome will also soar high to reach the zenith of experiencing literature there by to attain their goal. Thus involving the students as the performers of eminence work of art has not been encouraged rather failed to seek role in the class room activity, doubts apart, it will result in more mundane and monotonous learning of literature Instead if learning of literature entertains in bringing out the perception of students performing literary work on the stage, based on their ability in it, it will definitely help us to identify the real literary programmer among the students authentically.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Indian English poetry since the culmination of the colonial phase took a decisive and deliberatel... more Indian English poetry since the culmination of the colonial phase took a decisive and deliberately marked shift from the slavish imitation of the romantic writers like Keats, Byron, Shelly, and Wordsworth to a more progressive and experimental style with methodical and thematic innovativeness. It was known as post-independence poetry which heralded the arrival of a new way of composing poems with an indigenous 'Indianness' essence, sabotaging the strong clutches of its colonizer's English mother tongue. Some of the greatest contributors include

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

The paper focuses on 'Sociological perspectives in the novels of Aravind Adiga's The White Tiger ... more The paper focuses on 'Sociological perspectives in the novels of Aravind Adiga's The White Tiger (2008) and Last Man in Tower (2011)'. In his novels, he paints a realistic image of modern India. He portrays the social issues concerning poverty, corruption, dishonesty, and degradation of values in the present society. India's social scenes are depicted as dark side of our modern life which reveals the corruption taking place both in the government and the private sectors are clearly portrays in the novels of Adiga namely The White Tiger and Last Man in Tower. Both the novels deal with the existing reality of the modern scenario of India. Adiga highlights the sociological issues of the contemporary India through his novels. Both novels namely, The White Tiger and Last Man in Tower Aravind Adiga depict the sociological exploitation, bribery, degeneration of values etc. 'Poverty' is the primary social problem which portrays in the both novels. In The White Tiger, Balram Halwai the central character of the novel interprets poverty. In Last Man in Tower Adiga represents the poverty as a social problem through the life of people in construction work cities of builders in Bombay through the central character Masterji.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Ads, also known as adverts or advertisements, are typically seen as a form of public communicatio... more Ads, also known as adverts or advertisements, are typically seen as a form of public communication aimed at promoting a product, service, brand, or event. The purpose of such ads is to convey the benefits of the product to the audience through visually appealing print or visual media. Advertisements play a crucial role in driving sales by tapping into consumer desires and shaping cultural trends. Companies spend significant amounts on marketing their products through advertising. Over time, the representation of women in advertisements has been changing, moving away from stereotypical portrayals. This paper examines the evolution of the image of women in Indian advertisements.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Child abuse is prevalent throughout the world in various forms. Physical abuse, the most common f... more Child abuse is prevalent throughout the world in various forms. Physical abuse, the most common form, has been taken into focus for this research paper. However, open discussions of child abuse are often silenced, especially when the abuser is the child's parent. 'Abuse' by parents is usually considered a way of disciplining the child. Abuse at an early stage leads to various mental illness as children grow into adults. In most cases of child abuse, the victim transforms into an abuser. Factors like suppressed emotions, familiar environments, and lack of companionship push them to extremism and violent action. These individuals are called maladaptive individuals, and the victimto-victimizer paradigm explains the process of maladaptiveness. On the other hand, some people break the cycle of violence, leaving behind the horrific past of pain and suffering. They thereby transform into adaptive individuals. In this context, the paper reads the novels A Child Called 'It', The Lost Boy, and A Man Named Dave, collected into one memoir, My Story, by Dave Pelzer. My Story surveys the author's life who was physically and emotionally abused as a child by his mentally deranged alcoholic mother. After crossing several hurdles, Dave becomes a successful man inspiring million worldwide. The novels can also be read as Bildungsroman and Künstlerroman, as the author is growing to maturity in dealing with and writing about trauma. In the process, Dave overcomes trauma and establishes himself as a successful person and an artist. He 'grows up' as a child abuse victim; however, he grows out of it by accepting his past and looking forward to what the future holds for him.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Cyborgs, a relatively groundbreaking aspect of Donna Haraway's manifesto, is carefully termed to ... more Cyborgs, a relatively groundbreaking aspect of Donna Haraway's manifesto, is carefully termed to denote modern civilisation as a whole. The upholding of militarism and patriarchal capitalism parallelly undermining and marginalising of novel diversity is of debate in Haraway's Manifesto. Eekhout's Cog and Pullman's The Golden Compass testify to Haraway's idea of Cyborg in a collective and distinguishing way. Derived from Science Fiction, Cyborgs tend to be viewed as creatures of Dystopian value. Haraway, on the other hand, wittily phrases the word denoting each and every civilian of the present day. The novels Cog and The Golden Compass, portray Haraway's concept of illegitimate offspring being exceedingly unfaithful to their origin. According to this idea, Cyborgs, have the tendency to rebel, in order to find utopian values in a dystopian forefront. The present paper deals with the concept of Cyborg as the new human and attempts a comparative analysis of Cyborg instituted rebellion through the eyes of Cog and Lyra the protagonists of Cog and The Golden Compass respectively.

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The two Indian Women Prototypes are Sita and Draupadi, the female protagonists of the epics, Rama... more The two Indian Women Prototypes are Sita and Draupadi, the female protagonists of the epics, Ramayana, and Mahabharata. Both are ayonijas, not born of a woman. While Sita was a foundling child from earth, Draupadi was born of fire, and their characters define their birth. Sita was patient, pliant and firm; Draupadi was fiery, proud with an unbending will. The history of both the women relates a saga of suffering and disgrace, but points to their unshakeable determination to establish their individuality. The qualities of both Sita and Draupadi are unquestionably essential for any woman to ascertain her identity. However, the present scenario in India, especially of demeaning and humiliating women and girl-children, demands a volcanic strength in women-kind to face all trials and degradations. Creative writers have brought out many works highlighting the iron-will of these two great women. This paper ventures to focus on Draupadi, the Fire-Daughter and on her thunder-like quality, valour and virtue, which swayed away all the wrongdoers in her fire-stride. The discussion will be mainly based on Subramania Bharathiar's Pancali Sabadam, and a few other related texts.

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In the times of digital world, people tie their relationships with technologies and untie their r... more In the times of digital world, people tie their relationships with technologies and untie their relationships with natural world. It leads humans to despair and lose their peace of mind. So, people are slowly starting to search for their peace and find solace in natural world which consists of both the living and nonliving things as they are understood to be trustworthy than people and it heals the human psyche and body in an optimistic facet. This scenario is well depicted in the novel Where the Crawdads Sing. This paper focuses on the protagonist's endeavor in overcoming humiliation, disappointment, challenges, obstacles with the synthesis of ecology and finds comfort in the mother Nature. And also, it explores how the study of ecopsychology aids to create an affinity between human and nature which results in healthy life.

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Literature largely reflects life. Literary genres examine various relevant issues pertaining to s... more Literature largely reflects life. Literary genres examine various relevant issues pertaining to social, environmental, political, gender-based and cultural problems. Considering the need of the hour, this paper makes an effort to highlight literature that tends to raise consciousness about the need to realize the current despicable situation of people living in India, particularly those who struggle to make their living by relying on agriculture as their primary means of survival. In many spheres of society including agriculture, the roles, contributions and struggles of women most often remain undervalued. They undergo a lot of unspoken struggles in their daily lives. This paper titled "Studying the Struggles of Women Farmers in Kota Neelima's Shoes of the Dead" attempts to present the complex issues surrounding the life of farmers especially the struggles that are undergone by women in the field of agriculture.

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Anita Nair was a realistic writer who depicted people's real-life situations in her novels, and s... more Anita Nair was a realistic writer who depicted people's real-life situations in her novels, and she was a unique writer with enormous proficiency in creating more fascinating novels. Anita Nair vividly conveyed the sorrows and frustrations of women in society. In a patriarchal society, the difficult challenge for a woman was to discover her identity and equip herself with the necessary skills and qualities. Anita Nair's work Ladies Coupe depicted six female characters and their life stories. Akhila, the protagonist of this story, travelled by train to attain independence and to discover her individuality. This novel not only dealt with subjects such as Women's Empowerment, Quest for Identity, Women's Sufferings, and so on, but it also expressed the characters' inner thoughts and mental psyche. Akhila began her journey in this story by pondering whether a woman needed a man to be happy or if she could be happy as a single woman. She took a train to Kanyakumari and had the opportunity to travel with five other women in the compartment, and she was able to come to a conclusion after hearing their stories. This Research paper examines the good characteristics of women who have overcome adversity in their lives. It also shows how women empower themselves as capable people in society and begin to find themselves and establish a strong identity in society.

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This paper dealt with 20th century gender inconsistencies of feminism and their privileges betwee... more This paper dealt with 20th century gender inconsistencies of feminism and their privileges between men and women social life in Indian society narrated by Rohinton Mistry's Novel, "A Fine Balance". In Indian social life, particular religion and community only will be allowed for certain rights to women than men as much as possible for lift their future life with the support of education, economy survival, respect, and independent assessment etc., The story, "A Fine Balance", won the 1995 Giller Prize. It was selected for the Booker award in 1996. In this story Dina Dalal is the protogonist and she is the representative of women's, 'honour'. Throughout this novel, Dina was a braved woman to face the lot of routine life problems and possessing handling skills. And she is a outstanding figure to play a vital role of the whole story and fight back from her childhood onwards against up's and down's in her life journey and to sustain her economy status, get freedom from men dominant society and independent selfassessment. On the writer's viewpoint the protagonist and other women characters like radha, roopa, ruby, zenobia and shanty etc., doesn't have any independent privileges and no one can considered and respect the feminism means such as to provide the quality of education, rights and freedom of the society. On the other hand, "emergency period in India", is the key factor for creating several disaster in Indian social and parsi community group.

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The paper aims to explore the historical aspects of the novel The Remains of the Day by Kazuo Ish... more The paper aims to explore the historical aspects of the novel The Remains of the Day by Kazuo Ishiguro. The novel deals with six days motoring trip in the life of the protagonist Mr. Stevens, an English butler from Darlington Hall, England to Cornwall for business purposes in 1956. The study traces how the physical journey leads him to recognize his past issues through a mental journey of a loyal butler. This helps him to identify his true self. The remembrance of his personal history, loss, historical events, places, historical figures, and political situation in Europe shape his existence. The novel & historical background is First World War and Second World War, which play a major role in this novel. The paper explains the problem statements as how Kazuo Ishiguro mentions the intermixing of Steven's personal and historical incidents in the novel. It analyses how strong emotion of suppression, suffering, regrets, and pain leads the protagonist to the emotionless condition in his life. The aim of the paper is to bring out the historical traces of the Nazi party, the Treaty of Versailles, the Hayes Society-an elite society of butlers in the 1920s and 1930s and the Suez Canal crisis in the novel. The paper also suggests ideas and the scope of further research.

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Lighting is a fundamental element in interior design, exerting a profound influence on human emot... more Lighting is a fundamental element in interior design, exerting a profound influence on human emotions and behavior. Mood lighting, in particular, is a specialized form of lighting aimed at crafting specific atmospheres within spaces. This research endeavors to investigate the impact of mood lighting on human emotions and behavior. The study adopts a mixed-methods research design, encompassing a literature review, case studies, and an empirical investigation. The literature review delves into the historical evolution of mood lighting and its various types, elucidating their effects on human emotions and behavior. Through case studies, the paper showcases practical applications of mood lighting across diverse sectors.
The heart of this research lies in its empirical study, where findings from a survey administered to 100 participants aged 18 to 65 are presented. This survey evaluates participants' emotional responses and behavioral patterns under different lighting conditions, including bright white light, warm white light, cool white light, and colored lighting. Rigorous statistical analysis techniques, including ANOVA and regression analysis, will be employed to analyze the collected data. The study's results will illuminate the substantial impact of mood lighting on human emotions and behavior, providing valuable insights for professionals like designers, architects, and engineers to effectively utilize mood lighting in crafting desired atmospheres within interior spaces.

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Apart from agriculture, India's handloom industry has existed for ages and is the country's large... more Apart from agriculture, India's handloom industry has existed for ages and is the country's largest cottage industry in terms of employment opportunities. Despite having a glorious past, this ancient craft is now known for its dire situation and for slowly fading into obscurity as the industry struggles to survive due to numerous issues. The main causes of this include a large number of substituted products, insufficient training for skill upgrades, an unorganized structure, low wages, the reluctance of the younger generation to choose weaving as a means of subsistence, a small domestic market, the lack of creative designs and color combinations, fierce competition from power looms, the fast-fashion industry, poor marketing, shifting consumer preferences, and the availability of alternative employment opportunities. However, the handloom industry can still be revitalized as evidenced by the tenacity that handloom weavers continue to display in terms of survival and capacity for innovation. In order to contribute to the sustainability of traditional craft heritage and ensure continuous transmission of craft skills and knowledge from generation to generation, the current investigation aims to explore, identify, and address issues faced by traditional craftsmanship. This study offers Kota Doria Cluster insights at Kaithoon, Kota in order to help us better understand the cluster's current situation and offers recommendations for future development.

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This paper presents the experimental digital documentation of Shekhawati murals using an augmente... more This paper presents the experimental digital documentation of Shekhawati murals using an augmented reality simulation system. Augmented reality is the most influential technology of this era. All other sectors are using AR to obtain the best results in a minimum amount of time and produce outstanding products and services for the masses. This paper tells the story of augmented reality technology's intense relationship with traditional paintings in terms of creativity and showcases the experimental use of artificial reality technology to build a digital version of an open art gallery in Rajasthan. Shekhawati murals are huge and contain beautiful drawings and painting styles, unique colour palates, and incredible composition settings, all of which have the essence of our rich tradition. The digitization of the characteristics of murals and the application of artificial reality technology made this open art gallery virtually accessible for pedagogical use. This article discusses the approach of 3D digitisation techniques in wall painting murals, including testing. The project was tested based on the requirements of Shekhawati Havili's wall paintings and their digital equivalent using an open-source technology that may be utilised for several purposes. Because the total project was created using opensource techniques, anybody can access the project to experience the Haveli paintings and their specifications.

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This exploration delves into the burgeoning influence of animation, augmented reality (AR), and v... more This exploration delves into the burgeoning influence of animation, augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality (VR) in both our cultural milieu and educational framework. In our digital epoch, these technologies assume a central role in weaving narratives, conveying emotions, and nurturing global connections. As they infiltrate education, they unveil innovative avenues for executing and germinating ideas, enriching students' creativity and fostering a positive outlook. This study also delves into the profound impact of these technologies on education, highlighting their potential to revolutionize traditional learning methods. Particularly noteworthy is the role of animation as an educational cornerstone, especially during challenging epochs like the pandemic, ushering in captivating and gratifying learning encounters. This approach has not only facilitated engagement but has also transformed learning into an enjoyable endeavour. Furthermore, advancements in visual effects (VFX), AR, and VR empower students to immerse themselves in real-life scenarios through interactive odysseys, propelling the acquisition of practical skills and knowledge retention. This not only enhances students' understanding of theoretical concepts but also equips them with practical skills essential for their future endeavours. By embedding animation within education, the educational landscape has undergone a momentous transformation, rendering it not just efficacious but also enjoyable for learners across all age groups. This study underscores the need for educators to harness the power of animation, AR, and VR to provide transformative and engaging educational experiences. We extend our heartfelt gratitude for being an integral part of this transformative journey.

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English: Indian art has depicted religious and philosophical beliefs since its inception. Since a... more English: Indian art has depicted religious and philosophical beliefs since its inception. Since ancient times, humans have continuously strived to understand the mysteries of nature and the universe. In doing so, they incorporated tantric rituals and practices into their art subjects. Artists have always endeavored to create something new, leading to the emergence of various forms in the art world. Around the 1950s-1960s, artists began to blend Western styles with philosophical sentiments, giving birth to a new perspective in their artworks. They named this movement "Neo-Tantra." These artworks were abstract in form but had philosophical objectives. These tantric-related paintings are extremely powerful, captivating, and filled with profound mysteries. Although the language of art symbols is abstract, it illuminates the deepest spiritual secrets. To create these artworks, artists used tantric symbols, geometric shapes, and letters, among other elements. The artistic and analytical aspects of these symbols in tantric art have been presented. Modern Indian art has seen the development of tantric art due to the efforts of artists like Gulam

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Construction industry is one of the largest consumers of natural resources, and so faces enormous... more Construction industry is one of the largest consumers of natural resources, and so faces enormous difficulties in reducing the environmental impact of existing consumption habits. Growing industry demand for biodegradable or alternative materials and products derived from renewable resources, has recently prompted researchers from diverse fields to work in this area. They are working to find sustainable alternatives and develop natural bio-composites to replace various petroleum-based products in the interest of the environment. One such bio-composite derived from mycelium can provide a renewable and biodegradable alternative to conventional building materials. Mycelium, the fibrous root system of fungi, grows on organic substrates under controlled environmental conditions to produce these biomaterials. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current research and applications of mycelium-based materials in the field of architecture.

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Chamba Rumal is generally used as a square mal-mal (muslin) cloth coverlet embroidered with colou... more Chamba Rumal is generally used as a square mal-mal (muslin) cloth coverlet embroidered with colourful silken threads. The birds, human and animal's motifs were used to develop the Chamba Rumal footwears. The Chamba Rumal is interesting embroidery which reflects the social and religious life of the people in a particular region. For the present study, Chamba Rumal motifs were collected and selected by the researcher herself with the help of guide in the first phase of the study. Then 25 design sheets were prepared with the most preferred motifs. The developed design sheets were scrutinized by 100 respondents. Out of these, five designs sheets were selected by ranking method. Then, these were developed into prototypes. After development of prototypes, assessment was done by 5-point rating scale. It was observed that majority of the respondents accepted the newly developed products and rated the prototypes from average to excellent. Also, the respondents were ready to buy the products at the estimated cost. Thus, it was concluded that designing of footwear through art of Chamba Rumal embroidery is a successful innovation in the field of textile and fashion industry.

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This research study examines how upcycling is applied and the techniques for creating clothing in... more This research study examines how upcycling is applied and the techniques for creating clothing in mass production, and it shows how upcycling may be a successful strategy for cutting down on textile waste. Businesses may lessen their impact on the environment and boost their bottom lines by recycling leftovers and decreasing waste in addition to minimizing their environmental impact. The study demonstrates that the quantity of trash produced varies depending on the size of the facility and the residual material kinds, and that some leftover material types can be recycled up to 80% of the time. The report also underscores the significance of transparency in comprehending and managing textile waste, and it draws attention to the fact that upcycling design is distinct from traditional design in that it depends on the properties of the waste materials. The project is situated in the Indian region of Jaipur and aims to improve weaving techniques. This paper outlines a strategy for incorporating upcycling into a traditional textile weaving technique. The study focuses on combining conventional weaving methods with cutting-edge design components to produce distinctive and sustainable items from waste materials. The process involves gathering and choosing waste materials, creating new things from scratch, and prototyping them, and assessing their commercial feasibility and cultural relevance. The findings of this study show that upcycling can be incorporated into indigenous textile weaving skills to preserve cultural heritage and encourage ecological practices. The findings emphasize the significance of considering both economic viability and cultural significance when developing upcycling projects, as well as the possibility for such initiatives to help preserve and revive conventional weaving techniques.

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Throughout history, art has been used to explore and communicate the intricacies of human existen... more Throughout history, art has been used to explore and communicate the intricacies of human existence. One way this has been achieved is through the representation of hybrid beings. These figures, which combine attributes from various sources, have been a common theme across cultures. The use of hybrid figures has allowed artists to delve into themes such as identity, transformation, and the relationship between humans and nature. This study aims to analyze the symbolism and meanings behind hybrid creatures in Victorian-era photocollages and modern Indian artwork from vastly different periods in art history.
Objectives of the Research Study
To investigate the reoccurring topic of hybrid creatures in Victorian photocollages and contemporary Indian art.
Examining the symbolism and significance of hybrid beings, with a focus on identity, metamorphosis, and human-nature interaction.
Examining how hybridization is used by both art genres to portray complicated notions about identity, social institutions, and cultural interchange.
Examining how artists use historical inspiration to produce unique works and engage in cross-cultural discussion.
Using commonalities in various art forms to demonstrate the universal nature of artistic expression, transcending time, location, and culture.
Significance of the Research Study
This study has significance because it investigates the representation of hybrid beings in Victorian-era photocollages and modern Indian artwork, providing insights into the symbolism and meanings associated with hybrid creatures, specifically in the context of identity, transformation, and the human-nature relationship. This study highlights the continuing capacity of art to transcend chronological and geographical barriers by examining how both Victorian photocollages and contemporary Indian art use hybridity to express complicated notions about identity, social institutions, and cultural exchange. It also highlights the artists' ability to draw inspiration from the past, resulting in innovative works that engage in cross-cultural dialogue, ultimately demonstrating the universal nature of artistic expression and its profound impact on understanding the complexities of human existence across diverse cultural and historical contexts.
Review of Literature
To begin, researchers like Linda Nochlin and Griselda Pollock have investigated the topic of hybridity in art, emphasising its importance in subverting conventional concepts of representation. In her important essay "The Imaginary Orient," Nochlin discusses how Victorian-era art frequently included hybrid characters to address concerns of cultural identity and colonialism. This point of view lays a solid foundation for understanding the circumstances in which Victorian-era photocollages evolved as a medium for creative expression.
Scholars like Geeta Kapur and Partha Mitter have explored the evolution of Indian art in the post-colonial era, highlighting the use of hybridity as a tool for artists to negotiate cultural identity. Homi Bhabha's "The Location of Culture" provides a theoretical framework for understanding hybridity in Victorian-era and contemporary Indian art. James Elkins' "Is Art History Global?" and "Globalizing Art History" provide a contemporary lens for understanding cross-cultural dialogues in art.

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Current world is dealing with Artificial Intelligence. Artificial intelligence is as new as Media... more Current world is dealing with Artificial Intelligence. Artificial intelligence is as new as Media itself riding on the wave of Artificial Intelligence, the results of Artificial Intelligence is to show the new scope in Indian Media. The term Artificial Intelligence was coined in 1956, but in present time it becomes more popular and it is all because of the technology. A question pops up will Artificial intelligence (AI) impacts the animation industry? Technology is increasing day by day and replaced many jobs that ran to competition within the market, because of Artificial intelligence (AI), will the role of animator remain the same? Animation used to be a very difficult and time-consuming process. Cartoonists and animators had to draw each frame of a movie one by one. Is there a need to adopt new techniques to master the Media Production work with an Artificial Intelligence? Artificial intelligence (AI) is used in almost every field like the media industry, Cinema, cartoons, and animation, and many more. A question arises about how Artificial intelligence (AI) will be used in animation in the future. Whereas Disney is known for using Artificial intelligence (AI) to make storyboard animations just from text. Advancement in Technologies within the animation industry is a continuous process. Therefore, in this research paper researcher has discussed about the future of animation with Artificial Intelligence. Different methods of animations have been covered in this paper. It has been discussed how Artificial intelligence (AI) has affected animation and how modern animation differs from traditional animation. This paper has covered the main function of Artificial intelligence (AI) in animation.

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Indian animated television advertisements have a significant impact on consumer behavior. These a... more Indian animated television advertisements have a significant impact on consumer behavior. These advertisements are designed to capture the attention of consumers and make an emotional connection with them. They use a combination of visual and auditory elements to create a memorable and engaging experience for viewers. One of the key advantages of animated advertisements is their ability to create a unique brand personality. Through the use of characters and storytelling, these advertisements can help build a strong brand image that resonates with consumers. For example, the Amul Girl is an iconic character that has become synonymous with the Amul brand in India.

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This research paper is focused on the 'kalbeliya Gypsy dancing form', this form is having its Ori... more This research paper is focused on the 'kalbeliya Gypsy dancing form', this form is having its Origin in the first Rajasthan tourism performance and first international performance (the United States of America.) recognition, intangible inventions. A dance performed by the nomadic kalbeliya community is featured in Rajasthan "Gypsy" performances in Rajasthan, which have fast gained popularity among Indian tourists and on venues for world music in the west. The Indian government recognizes Rajasthan, the kalbeliya's home state, as "India's legacy state" in order to stimulate travel and the international diffusion of Indian culture through performances and festivals. The kalbeliya dance form was developed in the 1978s, but it wasn't until 2010 that UNESCO designated it as an intangible cultural asset. Through this research paper, the researcher highlights and mentions the name of the woman who gave birth to the kalbeliya dance form and design costume and jewelry assets for the performances. The research writing more profoundly overviews the development of the Kalbeliya dance form's development from its inception in the 1978s until the UNESCO nomination. The study also raises the roof of the implications of its name as a world heritage dance tradition.

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Conceptual photography is a form of art that uses photographs to convey abstract ideas, concepts,... more Conceptual photography is a form of art that uses photographs to convey abstract ideas, concepts, and emotions rather than depicting reality. It is an expressive and creative approach that allows photographers to explore their imagination and produce visually stunning images. Unlike traditional photography that captures the reality of the subject, conceptual photography goes beyond the surface and aims to evoke thought-provoking responses from the viewer. This research article aims to explore the significance and future of conceptual photography. By contrasting conceptual photography with traditional photography and other related genres, the article highlights conceptual photography's unique characteristics, techniques, and objectives. Through the lens of renowned Indian conceptual photographers, the piece demonstrates how this genre resonates with diverse societal issues and challenges conventional perceptions. The article presents a comprehensive overview of conceptual photography's transformative power in shaping artistic expression and encouraging profound intellectual engagement.

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English: Humans have evolved their life in Nature's Lap and gradually developed the consciousness... more English: Humans have evolved their life in Nature's Lap and gradually developed the consciousness accordingly. Nature's beauty and mesmerizing elements have always influenced and attracted humans towards it. This impacted human to an extent that elements of Nature were established as divine powers namely Surya, Chandra, Vayu, Varuna, Indra, and Pruthvi. Poets and Painters have given Nature a new dimension with their imagination, vision, emotions, and glorification. The paintings found in Indian Art have been depicting Nature's elements in Jainism, Buddhism and Brahmanism majorly. The renaissance of Indian Art has been initiated by Rajput Style Paintings and this is noticeable that they were also influenced by Nature. The painters in Rajasthan were equally attracted by elements of Nature as the poets were. The major poeticliterature created were Sur-Sagar, Ramayana, Bhagwat Puran, Mahabharata, Geet-Govind etc. The poetic-literature Geet-Govind consists of enormous amount of beautiful Nature-depiction in it, with bright colors and figures covered under Rajasthan's style. Lotus floating in Yamuna River, deep-blue clouds covering the sky, Moon, stars, tree-groves, forest, flowers & plants filled over mountains have been depicted beautifully. In Rajasthan's Style of paintings, the sky has a noticeable importance. Each artwork has the sky depiction on top area of frame with different climatic conditions like clouds, rain, plain open sky, stars in night etc. which is done on flat form surface. Objectives: Present research paper "Depiction of Nature in Rajasthan's Geet-Govind" covers a unique angle of study which justifies the Flora & Fauna depictions in miniature. The motive of the paper is to showcase & mark different Natural demographics of Rajasthan in Geet Govind and the climatic influence over it. This paper also aims towards different art styles of Rajput Miniature covering different Bhava and Rasa theory conceptualized in Geet-Govind. Thus, the research paper will be helpful for further research-scholars, this will increase interest in studying the topic and will provide a new vision(dimension) for observing the Geet-Govind.

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The term "conch" has been often used throughout history to designate a variety of medium to large... more The term "conch" has been often used throughout history to designate a variety of medium to large sea snails, particularly their shells. Bishnupur, a city and municipality in the Bankura district of West Bengal, India, has a rich heritage that includes the skill of carving these conches. Conch shell carving is renowned for its incredibly lovely and elaborate patterns contributing to some elegant visual art forms. In the Hindu faith, they play a crucial role and are seen as lucky in the mythology of the Hindus. Common products created from conches include ornaments, trumpets, beautiful home goods, sculptures, and more. This craft of carving conch shells is practised by traditional artists, many of them are members of the caste known as "Sankha Banik." Nowadays, the centre of these activities by these artists is a location named "Sankhari Bazaar" in the city of Bishnupur. Their expertise and art are passed down from years to generations, ensuring that this indigenous craft form never goes extinct. This paper makes an effort to comprehend the history of this craft form, the effects of geography and other state sovereignty conditions on it, the multiple techniques used to create objects from conch shells, its distinctiveness as a centuries-old art form, and finally, to investigate the current issues affecting this industry. The present scenario and user perspective has been tallied through a stakeholder survey conducted in Bishnupur, West Bengal, India. As a conclusion, this paper also seeks to identify potential paths and future directions for Bishnupur's conch shell sector to emerge as a prospective visual communicator.

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This research emphasises the manner in which Abhijit Pathak, an Indian artist, imbues his abstrac... more This research emphasises the manner in which Abhijit Pathak, an Indian artist, imbues his abstract paintings with energy through careful and precise techniques, capturing the profound essence of his thoughts. By analysing Pathak's creative process, the study endeavours to identify the strategies and methods he employs in his art. Through interviews with Pathak, this paper reveals his thought process and approach to painting, thereby providing invaluable insights into his art. He deploys a variety of materials and techniques to achieve the desired effect in his paintings, while his approach is marked by discipline and focus. This research illuminates the intricate interplay between cognitive processes, techniques, and outcomes in abstract painting, as observed through Pathak's artistic process. The findings affirm the value of Pathak's systematic approach as inspiration and guidance for other artists, empowering them to develop their unique visual language. His work exemplifies the importance of planning, preparation, and comprehensive knowledge of abstract painting methods and materials. By exploring Pathak's methodology, this paper aims to advance knowledge of abstract painting as a multifaceted and nuanced art form.

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Historical evidences show that new technology has cast its influence on the design world through ... more Historical evidences show that new technology has cast its influence on the design world through time. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a new emerging technology which is being explored by many industries including the design industry. Nowadays AI is used for creativity on a larger scale. It is used for aesthetic applications, design trends, game design and other visual media. Development of AI generative tools is considered as most impactful in the field of design. It is inevitable that upcoming technologies will be noticed and used by all types of consumers and therefore anyone can create designs. Thus, trepidation of killing artistic skills in the field of design has become one of the major concerns for the designers. To stay competitive and ready for the global market designers have to use AI and hence 'Collaboration' between technology and artistic skills is indispensible for truly original, qualitative, empathetic and passion driven designs. Since this paper is from designers' point of view it is focused on the consequences of using AI on artistic skills and design industry. It examines the quantitative and qualitative survey with data collection from designers, design educators and design students who know about the use of AI in design and art. The responders from the design fraternity opined that as long as AI does not develop empathy and innovative creativity, design jobs are safe. Symbiosis of humans and their emotional connection with each other will only create captivated designs.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Paintings by patua women exploring various themes are currently found in museums and private coll... more Paintings by patua women exploring various themes are currently found in museums and private collections worldwide. They have recently been on display at museums, galleries, art markets and fairs in various parts of the world. Today's patua women have participated in a wide range of artistic and social projects, and some have been either the central or secondary subjects of academic research. In recent decades the dissemination and recognition of these women's work have been impressive. This is particularly true not only in terms of its global reach, but also from the perspective of the diversity of the venues that have shown an interest in the women's work. In their various live presentations locally and internationally, these women are capable of an exemplary interweaving of localism and cosmopolitanism when they perform traditional or contemporary themes while unrolling jarano paintings and singing in rural Bengali. A sketch of the recent trajectories of Naya women painters or their paintings gives the impression that the world has "discovered" these women and their patachitra work. However, by merely acknowledging these trajectories, one does not gain a sense of the subjectivities of Naya patua artisans, specifically in the case of the women painters. In his work exploring the existence of differentiated cosmopolitanisms, Velho (2010) emphasizes the relevance of stressing the various consequences of globalization dynamics in the world today. He offers the example of two people from different generations who live in the same urban setting but who have different trajectories and understandings of their own accomplishments. He points out that it is important to draw attention to the diversity of people's trajectories, to the particular activities in their lives, and to the specific meanings people give to them. In rural Naya, women recently started pursuing trajectories similar to those of patua men. Thus, to begin my discussion of patua women's own perspectives on what they currently do, I will first briefly introduce a figure who played a key role in establishing women's visibility as patua artisans. Dukhushyam Chitrakar is a patua master who exemplifies the supportive role played by some men in the development and recognition of the women's activities, and his worldview frames the relationship between tradition and cosmopolitanism in the contemporary work of Naya's patua. This will be followed by a brief exploration of some of the women's own views. Some chose territories of Indian work of art have been taken to investigate and to show the expressive highlights of lines. Those are cavern painting of Ajanta, Mughal smaller than usual, Rajasthani scaled down, Pahari painting, Bengal school of craftsmanship and some individual specialists of present-day time span. The examination likewise suggests that the components of custom workmanship and people artistic creations of India how reflect in the canvases of Bengal, Bihar, Odisha, and Assam. These artistic creations are wealthy in society components. Use of lines, hues, European impacts all are talked about. Goal of the examination is to distinguish the famous workmanship themes delineating in the composition just as direct quality. Complex highlights, topics, components of patachitra works of art are examined.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

In the last ten years, networking, global communications, and technology have all advanced quickl... more In the last ten years, networking, global communications, and technology have all advanced quickly. By enabling consumers to easily use new materials with the right procedures, technological improvements paved the path for clever interior design solutions and eventually began challenging interior design pros. This includes the introduction of Artificial Intelligence and Augmented Reality technology, Interior planning apps, user-friendly designing software, and online material information along with mediatization, which is expanding the possibilities regarding both the end product and the process of making directly from B to C marketers. Therefore, the phenomenon of Do It Yourself arises in this era where the internet handles everything and provides accessibility to the consumer. In short, DIY bypasses the Interior Designing professionals for home styling activity by making things for home independently and not spending much on Interior Designers.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Looking at the art history, we see that art has evolved through the ages. A significant developme... more Looking at the art history, we see that art has evolved through the ages. A significant development can be seen in Indian miniature art tradition too. It is perceived that the foundation principles of miniature art remains the same however, the changes occurred in the stylistic creation and presentation of the composition. There is no way that the fundamentals and intrinsic meaning has been disappeared with course of time. This paper aims at studying the various aspects of present-day Indian Miniature Tradition through an analysis of the miniature paintings of contemporary artists Virendra Bannu and Waswo X. Waswo. Socio-political, cultural, and economic factors are measured to determine the evolution and to understand its significance in defining the contemporary miniature art. This study will also unfold how traditional methods have been kept alive throughout the generations in course of time in spite of tremendous advances of the modern world. Practicing artist's interview and some paintings are considered in the paper to come to a conclusion.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

One of the few decades-old civilizations that are still in existence where craftsmen and weavers ... more One of the few decades-old civilizations that are still in existence where craftsmen and weavers have vital roles in India in creating exquisite unique arts, crafts, and products that are indigenous to its artisans and karigars. The innovative charm, application, demand, philosophy, relevance, and character of this industry are what make it extraordinary. One District One Product (ODOP), the state government's vision, is regarded as a groundbreaking attempt towards acknowledging the genuine potential of a district based on the strengths of a district and national priorities. indigenous knowledge of its crafts person, rural entrepreneurship, employability for their livelihood, and showcasing each district on a global platform to fuel economic growth and preserve their sustainable textiles and crafts forms. This initiative would also help in preserving and developing local crafts and skills in terms of artistic packaging and branding. The production of exclusive gifts and souvenirs would get a direct connection with boosting tourism. We have attempted to highlight the SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) that rural craftsmen must contend with in this essay. Researchers, organizations, and the government sector may utilize this SWOT to help this region grow to support and promote weavers and other craftspeople. The insight of this paper focuses on the commercial and ecological tools equipment and other resources used by the aboriginal artisans. The ambition of this paper aims to provide an understanding of the potential handloom and crafts commercial sectors in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, where an increasing number of ODOP producers and craftsmen have affiliated themselves with e-commerce platforms and benefit from it as they can sell their products directly to the consumers thus eliminating the role of middlemen. This paper will help the preservation of craft people's resources and its move towards sustainability and revival through modernization and publicity. The sector holds great potential and can generate numerous jobs for weavers and artisans.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Kanchipuram Silk Sarees are among the most desired traditional wear for the everbothersome questi... more Kanchipuram Silk Sarees are among the most desired traditional wear for the everbothersome question of elegance and prestige of culture, as well as for the legendary history of this district and the brilliantly exclusive craftsmanship combining this textile. South Indian bridal culture has existed for ages, and the Kanchipuram silk saree has been a ruling trend among more sophisticated ladies for a long time. The charming silk sarees, designed individually with gold or silver zari and pure silk threads, from Kanchipuram, a town in Tamil Nadu, are examples of the textile industry's brilliant creations. Kanchipuram Silk Sarees are a paragon of taste and history for their intricate craftsmanship that depicts their exclusive weaving styles, choice of luxury materials, and everlasting patterns. These sarees convey the rich textile legacy of our country and mesmerise worldwide fashion enthusiasts with their extraordinary combination of culture and modernity. They are still worn as a form of importance during events and passed down as family heirlooms because they are truly outstanding pieces. This paper covered the historical value, manufacturing methods, current trends, market identification, and cultural importance of Kanchipuram silk sarees in contemporary times. It also thoroughly describes the features and their still-thriving cognizance today in eastern Indian fabrics. In addition, the SWOT analysis included in this study highlights the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with the Kanchipuram silk industry. Elements of the fabric, including durability and brilliance, as well as intricate patterns and motifs, are the main selling points for maintaining its rich cultural legacy.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Culture is a broad-spectrum term commonly used to identify habits of a heterogeneous social group... more Culture is a broad-spectrum term commonly used to identify habits of a heterogeneous social groups which develop in a specific geographic location. It is evidently reflected through the various art practices, be it visual or performing arts, or artifacts created by the artisans. They have become an integral part of the cultural ethos. India is a country rich in such diverse treasure of cultural practices through art. Artisans have also migrated beyond their original geographical boundaries to diversify the reach of the art. It is an important cultural asset which helps to preserve the culture and heritage of a community or the skill-sets of the artisans. Our ancestors have been preserving this culture of storytelling through the art forms which show a perspective of life. They also contribute to the livelihood of the craftsmen, thus contributing to the economy of the country. There is beauty in promoting cultural diversity; people learn new skills from other cultural groups and encourage innovation through various art forms and designs. In the contemporary era of technology, modernization and globalization, the traditional art forms are fading away. Sustainability of these valuable these art forms is a concern today. Purposes and functionality of these art practices have also diversified. The study creates new objectives through cultural diversity and designing new products for sustainable development in art and design. The article discusses some aspects of technological intervention in these art practices that can help sustain these heritages. Thus diversification of media, purpose and an involvement of the young generation can help to preserve the social cultural ethos of our country.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Handicraft sector is one of the most sustainable product sectors, because of the consumption of u... more Handicraft sector is one of the most sustainable product sectors, because of the consumption of untreated raw materials received unswervingly from the nature. In many developing countries like India, there are a large number of livelihoods depending on handicraft business with an anticipated 17.79 million artisans associated with the sector in the year 2022. The previous studies indicate the relation between the handicrafts and innovation is both controversial and imperative. It is suggested that the sector must undergo incremental innovation for growth and survival in the present times. On contrary there are studies which dispute, considering cultural traditions as barriers to innovation. Innovation may be introduced in the technologies aiding to create the craft. While bringing innovation within the craft techniques and product creation might hinder its cultural identity. Innovation being one of the prime keyword of the 9th goal of the SDGs, the goal of this research is to study how introducing innovation in cultural craft production affects the identity of the traditional handicraft. For the findings, rapid ethnography was performed for the exquisite Shivarapatna stone craft. The craft uses ancient knowledge of Shilpashashtra to hand-craft the intricate Hindu idol statues from granite, and the associated community and the craftsmen are situated in the Kolar district of Karnataka, India. An experiment will be conducted to diversify the stone made craft products to analyse the outcome. The representational difference of the traditional craft products and the innovative craft products are then compared and presented with images. In addition to the comparative analysis, methodology also focuses on the descriptive approach in the handicraft.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Black pottery made by the women of Kota tribe of Nilgiri Hills holds a unique identity of their c... more Black pottery made by the women of Kota tribe of Nilgiri Hills holds a unique identity of their craft and craftmanship. A group of these women potters are names as "Kov" by the natives. This research study on Black pottery focuses on the traditional art of clay pottery in Thiruchigadi, a small town in Tamil Nadu's gorgeous Nilgiris region. This study strives to reveal the historical significance, cultural context, and modern relevance of the age-old trade by focusing on the often-overlooked role of women potters. The extraordinary artistry, its evolution over ages and relevance of preserving the art and craft for the modern age. Adding lights on the sophisticated, unique, environmentally sustainable processes, designs, motifs, and the ritualistic essence that passed down through generations of female craftspeople through ethnographic observations, interviews, news articles, archival data, and research.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Indian crafts reflect the most commonly from different parts of the country practice several art ... more Indian crafts reflect the most commonly from different parts of the country practice several art forms and crafts, and their identities are associated with where they carry a significant part of their culture and tradition. Most of these art forms are practised for ages and passed from generation to generation. Most of these are folk and traditional, and regional art forms have local religious themes, community values, cultural practices, and various traditional beliefs. Our country has several distinct folk and traditional arts in different regions of India. Among these most popular are Madhubani from the Mithila region of Bihar, Kalamkari Paintings, Kondapalli Toys, Etikoppaka Toys, Nirmal Toys from Andhra Pradeshand Telangana. Colours carry an important cultural significance in India. Here the researcher wants to focus mainly on the natural dyes used for these art forms, the influence of cultural diversity, and sustainability factors. Natural colors are extracted from plants and other natural sources for most of these art forms. Some of these started adopting artificial synthetic colour practices due to various reasons. Since the dawn of civilization, colour has influenced the human psyche from ancient times and played a significant role in the formation of different cultures of human beings worldwide. With the increasing demand in recent times for the use of natural and sustainable colours many industries started looking for natural bio-resource colours without any harmful effects on the environment and aquatic ecosystem. Current studies also spotlight a historical overview of natural colourants.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Today the whole world is struggling with the problem of waste materials and their proper maintena... more Today the whole world is struggling with the problem of waste materials and their proper maintenance. Examples of the use of waste material are also found in art. An artist always needs a medium to create their artwork, and also, in contemporary art, many artists are creating artwork from waste materials and beautify their environment and make people aware of its reuse. The process of making artwork from waste material is today known as 'Scrap Art' or 'Junk Art'. An early example of the use of waste materials in art comes from the 'Dadaism' Art Movement, which started in France in the 20th century, when artists started exhibiting industrially produced objects as artwork, along with their titles. From here, a question mark was raised regarding the idea of 'Readymade Art' and its aesthetics. Behind this was the main artist 'Marcel Duchamp' whose work 'Fountain' in 1917. The other two major Artists were Man Ray and Francis Picabia. The second developed form was seen in Picasso's 'Bull Head' artwork in 1942, where Words like 'Found objects' and 'Ready-mades' became popular in the history of art. Many artists in contemporary art are creating artworks using these waste materials. This is not only enhancing the beauty of our public places but also making people aware of their reuse and also showing a new dimension of art creation. This research paper analyses what new changes have taken place in terms of style and thought due to the use of waste material in art from the beginning till today.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Traditional textiles in India have been a reflection of its rich cultural heritage for ages. In t... more Traditional textiles in India have been a reflection of its rich cultural heritage for ages. In today's global world, these products have been extensively commercialized to the extent of losing their authenticity. The artisan communities need to be abreast with current market trends in order to create a demand for their products. The empowerment of the craft ecosystem demands sincere efforts on the part of craft practitioners to facilitate product diversification and wider market reach. However, artisanal products need to be put at the forefront of any design intervention without losing the essence of the original craft. Himachal Pradesh is not only rich in biodiversity but also in various crafts like metal, weaving, knitting, and painting. In this paper, an effort has been made to catalog the products of traditional Kullu Handloom weaving with the raw materials used, the process followed, motifs and colour palette etc. Moreover, initiatives taken by Ms. Anshul Malhotra, a well-known craft entrepreneur in Himachal Pradesh for popularizing the traditional woven designs of the Kullu and Kinnaur region in India and abroad have been reported. Design interventions made by combining new colors and exploring different combinations of yarns and weaves by Ms Anshul Malhotra would serve as a guiding source for the design and artisan communities alike.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Puducherry, one of India's storied historic cities, is the custodian of a vast collection of anci... more Puducherry, one of India's storied historic cities, is the custodian of a vast collection of ancient paintings, miniatures, sculptures, historical artifacts and more. These treasures are meticulously preserved within government offices, museums, art galleries and hotels. This research project narrows its focus to a select group of Mughal period miniatures drawn from this rich and diverse cultural reservoir. The Ecole Francaise d'Extrême-Orient, a renowned French research institute, is located on Rue Dumas Street in Puducherry and is fully dedicated to the thorough investigation of Indian culture, history and society. The institution was established in Puducherry in 1950 and it houses paintings, miniatures, sculptures and antiques in its basement. It is believed to contain about 35 priceless paintings. This amazing collection includes a wide range of artistic genres and materials, from paper and ivory to wooden frames, metal plates and even terracotta surfaces. Among these artworks, the most notable are the ivory miniatures dating back to the Mughal period. "The researcher's objective is to examine five specific portraits featuring three-quarter busts of women and love scenes within these ivory Mughal miniature paintings. These artworks offer a concise yet profound glimpse into the rich tapestry of Indian culture and heritage. The depiction of women's attire showcases the diversity and elegance inherent in Indian fashion, while the portrayal of love scenes celebrates the cultural significance of romance and emotional connections, thus emphasizing India's deep-rooted cultural traditions. The meticulous detailing within these works underscores the exceptional artistry of Indian artisans, while the expressions and postures of the depicted characters provide valuable insights into the societal norms and values of the era. In essence, these miniature paintings encapsulate the multifaceted essence of Indian heritage." Employing a rigorous combination of fieldwork and historical research methodologies, this research endeavor seeks to illuminate the origins, historical contexts, aesthetic attributes, stylistic intricacies and technical craftsmanship inherent in these Mughal era miniatures. Additionally, this study aspires to unveil the intricate tradition, dynamic evolution and profound cultural significance embodied by this cherished art form.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

ASSESSMENT OF THE ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF THE TRADITIONAL BRASS AND BELL METAL CRAFTS OF BIRB... more ASSESSMENT OF THE ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF THE TRADITIONAL BRASS AND BELL METAL CRAFTS OF BIRBHUM DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

The inclusion of culture as the fourth dimension of the sustainable development model projected b... more The inclusion of culture as the fourth dimension of the sustainable development model projected by UCLG (2010) affirmed that heritage, knowledge, creativity, and aesthetics are essential grounds for developing a holistic vision towards sustainability. Folklore as a significant aspect of human cognition, way of life and world view not only demonstrates the complex layers of human existence through generations but also paves the way for a sustainable future through its cultural dimensions, social functions, and ecological lessons. The current research examines how two unrelated folkloric forms from distinct geographic regions emerge as exemplars of sustainable values embedded within the community. Focusing on the ritualistic performance of Teyyam from Kolathunadu and the folk-art form called Tolu Bommalata from Nimmalakunta region, it argues on the inextricable association of indigenous knowledge systems with its natural and cultural landscape thereby demonstrating the case of a sustainable model. A cultic practice prevalent in the cultural region of Kolathunadu, Teyyam advocates a strong association with the tribal culture of the land in terms of its environmental, social, and cultural values. Tolu Bommalata of Nimmalakunta region, renowned for its distinct cultural expression of storytelling and entertainment is a living folk tradition of shadow puppetry that combines the elements of performing as well as visual arts. The research through a qualitative perspective focuses on ethnographic methods backed by the documentation and analysis of the tangible aspects of folklore. Apart from the reflections on the cultural plurality of Indian folklore and crafts, the study reveals its co-existence with the landscape embodying the environmental, social, and cultural values thereby demonstrating a sustainable model in Indian folklore.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Since the beginning of civilization, humans have always been inquisitive about ways to uniquely e... more Since the beginning of civilization, humans have always been inquisitive about ways to uniquely express their sides of stories. Traditional Art forms like drawing, painting, sculpting, literature, music, and many others have helped to make it possible. More unconventional new art possibilities have emerged with the introduction of new technologies and industrial revolutions. Motion Pictures and Animation are the two most fascinating forms of artistic expression in these areas. Often, animation is considered a fascinating medium of entertainment for kids and the younger generation. However, many artists have demonstrated that it also has enormous potential to articulate and express life experiences and their minds creatively. As Walt Disney rightly said Animation can explain whatever the mind of men can conceive Thomas (1912-2004). It can take you as far as human imagination can go. This paper delves into how animation has been used as an alternative medium in contemporary New Media Art practices in India. It explores the potential of animation as a medium for creative expression and representation of complex ideas, and how it reflects changes in society brought about by technological advancements. The paper examines the approaches and experiments of Indian contemporary artists, such as Akbar Padamsee, Nalini Malani, and Vivan Sundaram, who have used animation to break free from the confines of traditional mediums and push the boundaries of visual storytelling through technology-based art.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Printmaking is a technical medium that embraces many physical engagements in stages and processes... more Printmaking is a technical medium that embraces many physical engagements in stages and processes. Various mediums like lithography, etching, wood-cut, serigraphy, and materials such as chemicals, inks, tools, accessories, and printing presses are involved. Printmakers were interested and found scope to work with the medium from their perspective, and gradually printmaking became one of the effective practices. Reintervention metal Plate Lithography needs a basic concept, with standard plate-making techniques and principles of printmaking to develop. This method requires a practical demonstration and introduction to the new generation to understand and implement it. Yet, for those who are relatively new to plate-lithography techniques. The themes emphasize experimental projects and research on the same side. As a technique, metal plate lithography offers a wide range of possibilities in contemporary practice. It establishes the methodology depends upon the concept/idea applied to it. It marks a considerable/acceptable medium for reinventing individual pasts and anticipating the future. However, understanding the technique has potential and would impact the making. The ultimate goal to reintroduce the medium as an alternative medium of practice could be to develop practical guidance for any student interested in the medium. The experiments should be considered a challenge to produce and a new approach to the medium in a contemporary printmaking manner.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Dasara Doll festival is a tradition during the Navaratri Hindu festival celebrations in South Ind... more Dasara Doll festival is a tradition during the Navaratri Hindu festival celebrations in South India. The festival of Navratri is celebrated in a very interesting and unique way at homes, which is commonly known as Bombe Habba or Golu or Kolu (Kannada) or Bommala Koluvu (Telugu) or Bommai Kolu (Tamil) or simply Dasara dolls. This tradition involves a toy festival that is celebrated by families across Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu. Family toys are arranged and displayed to invited guests as part of the festival. Channapatna town close to Bangalore and Mysore is the hub of the toy making industry catering to the demand for such toys. Artisan families have been engaged in the manufacture of toys for many centuries. Designs and manufacturing techniques remained within artisan families and the knowledge transfer is through word of mouth from parents to children. Kondapalli Toys of Andhra Pradesh are made by artisans in Kondapalli which is located close to Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh and has a similar history. The changing lifestyles in the present day have altered the way festivals are celebrated, and the patronage of such traditional crafts is on the decline. The creation of an express highway between Bangalore and Mysore has changed the road route and bypassed Channapatna town reducing the footfalls at the retail shops which sold toys for hundreds of years. Artisans are forced to explore other avenues of employment and the risk of losing the art technique is real. The portfolio of designs is dwindling, and many models are very rare and difficult to obtain from the market; they become antique collection pieces of a few individuals. Conserving the designs through CAD techniques and making prototypes using 3D printing is an effective way to preserve them. CAD documentation can be used to train a new generation of artisans or enthusiasts across the country. This will open new markets for the products and will sustain the art and design. This paper attempts to outline the technique and make a few 3D-printing prototypes with detailed drawings and present the results.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Indian fashion has been one of the largest contributors to the country's economy with various tra... more Indian fashion has been one of the largest contributors to the country's economy with various traditional textiles. Pochampally Ikat is one of the traditional fabrics that is manufactured in Pochampally, Nalgonda District, Telangana. This is an exceptional fabric that is dyed even before it is woven. This fabric weaving follows the tie and dye technique where the yarns are dyed according to the designs and then taken to the weaving process. This uniqueness paved the way for the fabric to make an entry into the global market. After Independence, Pochampally ikat has made enormous growth with the support of various NGOs and the government. This paper will give insights into the history and process followed in weaving the Pochampally ikat. The paper also focuses on the support mechanisms, demand and supply, and its expansion into the global market. This also includes the threats, challenges, and opportunities of the fabric.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Unlike the usual, this April 2023, The Reserve Bank of India kept its repo rate at 6.5 %, this wa... more Unlike the usual, this April 2023, The Reserve Bank of India kept its repo rate at 6.5 %, this was right after making six hikes at a stretch, resisting market projections for a 25basis point rate hike. The effect of the recent financial turbulence was closely monitored by the body. It was stated by policymakers that they were still focused on accommodation withdrawal, thus more tightening was possible. Rate increases were put on hold only for this conference. From May 2022, the RBI increased rates by a total of 250 basis points, bringing borrowing costs up to levels seen in January 2019. The board also reduced its inflation forecast to 5.2% from 5.3% and increased its growth estimate to 6.5% from 6.4% for the fiscal year that begins in April. This article examines the Reserve Bank of India's recent interest rate increases in the perspective of reducing inflation.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

An assortment of new support services has entered the market because of years of commercial techn... more An assortment of new support services has entered the market because of years of commercial technology use. One of the many services is e-payment, which enables payments via an electronic device without the need for actual cash. Global adequacy of electronic payment systems has varied; certain electronic payment systems are quite popular, while others are comparatively less common. The main reason for the poor adoption rates is said to be the perceived risk connected to payment methods. We investigated how finance managers in Pune perceived the risk associated with digital payments using a poll of 100 of them. Our study's findings indicate that finance managers have a relatively low risk perception of digital payments. This demonstrates their confidence in both the guarantees and the resilience of digital payment systems.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Universal design, also known as inclusive design, accessible design, and barrier-free design, is ... more Universal design, also known as inclusive design, accessible design, and barrier-free design, is a worldwide concept aimed at making everyone feel comfortable in their surroundings. Making advantage of this notion would aid in the removal of current social and environmental barriers that some individuals face, such as disabled people, women, children, the elderly, and the sick. The study highlights accessible layout, visible information or guidance, suitable size and space to accommodate all users within a safe and hazard-free setting as major characteristics of an inclusive built environment. This research talks about to implement Universal design principles (UDPs) in architecture education. This research aims to develop the design studio framework for B.Arch. 3rd year to include the universal design principles. A comparative analysis study has been carried out with the undergraduate students of a third-year design studio in Jamia Millia Islamia between the pre and post-design exercise about universal design principles to analyze the difference if universal design principles are implemented in the course curriculum.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Digital fabrication is not only the relation between design and construction but also the relatio... more Digital fabrication is not only the relation between design and construction but also the relation between thinking and making, which would be established by the use of modern technologies. The study aims to investigate the challenges formed between the two aspects of parametric architecture ‘Design’ and ‘Fabrication’ in India. There are various factors on which this gap depends. These factors would be the cost of construction, building material required for fabrication, and time required for construction compared with the conventional methods of construction. The objective of this study is to understand how digital fabrication will change the way of construction in India, which won’t be restricted to the classroom or only the computer-based design but will work in onsite construction with many different materials with no waste of time and money. The earlier literature focuses on a single aspect which may be either design or fabrication. There are fewer papers available that address both of the aspects comprehensively. The research would get an overview of different perspectives of people towards parametric architecture. This is done by conducting surveys of different practicing architects, students who have done their masters in digital architecture and now practicing, and contractors who are working on parametric construction. The survey was conducted by sending a questionnaire to different practicing architectural firms all over India, the students who have pursued Master’s degrees in digital architecture and professors teaching Master’s degrees in digital architecture who had an interest in parametricism. The data received was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The qualitative data received through the questionnaire was analyzed by identifying patterns and then categorized according to the different answers.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

The design and use of street furniture play a vital role in the design of public places and in ma... more The design and use of street furniture play a vital role in the design of public places and in making vibrant urban places. The street and seating area serves as a public meeting place for a variety of interactions and activities. This study aims to explore how street furniture can be designed based on its location, and how it can be improved by comparing real-world scenarios to theoretical principles. This study takes into consideration the context and surroundings of the streets developed under the Smart City initiative, as well as their interaction with the citizen's life. Accessibility, livability, and connectivity are the defining characteristics of urban vitality. The urban street design has become more prevalent in locations with obvious commercial activity. The study aims to investigate the elements of street design and street furniture and their effect on urban vitality and its relationship with the surrounding land use. This analysis is done using qualitative methods such as on-site observations, content analysis of photographs, and walk-along interviews with the users.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

This research paper explains the fundamental and basic elements and principles of visual design, ... more This research paper explains the fundamental and basic elements and principles of visual design, which plays crucial/important role in creating the best and aesthetically pleasing, visually appealing designs and compositions. This paper tells us about the important understanding the basic design elements, which is line, colour, shapes, textures and value. How we can easily make a design by using these elements and principles, their significance in designs. Also, how elements can be used in principles, there relationships. Principles like harmony, unity, proportion, balance, rhythm, and repetition etc., their role, importance in creating visual designs pleasing and eye-catching. This paper provides insights into how different artists, designers have use these elements and principles of design in their work, projects, along with the cultural and historical contexts that have influenced their design choices. Overall, the paper emphasizes the significance of these design principles, and how they can be used to create meaningful, impact and memorable works of art and design.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

The interior design style of different states of India has been the subject of considerable resea... more The interior design style of different states of India has been the subject of considerable research in disciplines such as art forms, handicrafts and cultural identities of interior styles. But modernization of the world has created a rage of creating minimalistic spaces, this caused the need for the fusion of traditional into modern interior style. This helped in retaining our culture and preserving the traditional practices as well as artworks. The research elaborated different ways to fuse elements like space, texture and colour from North Indian traditional into Modern interior style. The fusion is supported with the help of six case studies of houses with fused interior design style from North Indian states. The paper concludes with the identification of different ways in which designers and homemakers can fuse traditional into modern interior styles.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

Car showrooms are critical for showcasing the latest models and attracting potential customer whe... more Car showrooms are critical for showcasing the latest models and attracting potential customer where they can view and purchase vehicles. The design of car showrooms plays a crucial role in attracting potential customers and influencing their buying decisions as well as interests. This research paper examines the importance of car showroom display and lighting in the automotive industry to enhance the customer experience, increase sales, and promote the brand image. This paper will study and compare different case studies of car showrooms to trace the display and lighting of different car showrooms. Display plays a critical role in showcasing the cars as well as their features in an attractive and engaging way which influences the customer's interest. Lighting is also a crucial element that can influence the mood and ambiance of the showroom, highlighting the cars' features and creating an inviting atmosphere for customers.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

A clothing showroom of a clothing company in which clothes are on display or sale in a space crea... more A clothing showroom of a clothing company in which clothes are on display or sale in a space created by their brand or company. The clothing showrooms have facilitated the process of selecting clothes and purchasing them, like the placement of women's and men's clothes in a particular space. This research paper examines the clothing stores to determine the lighting, furniture, and display is designed to hold customer's interest and fully utilization of spaces through case study of various brand's clothing showroom.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

The interpretation of art involves examining the meaning behind a work of art, which may include ... more The interpretation of art involves examining the meaning behind a work of art, which may include its historical, cultural, social, and political contexts. Similarly, the interpretation of architecture involves analyzing the meaning behind a building's design, style, and construction. The architecture was essentially practical in ancient times, offering shelter and security for individuals and communities. As cultures got more complicated, though, architecture became increasingly intricate and symbolic. Gothic architecture, for example, arose throughout the medieval period as a representation of Europe's spiritual beliefs. Architecture has evolved to reflect shifting ideals and views in the contemporary period. The Industrial Revolution resulted in the development of new materials and construction processes, which resulted in the rise of new architectural styles such as Art Nouveau and Art Deco. In architecture, the twentieth century saw a trend towards functionalism and minimalism, with architects like Le Corbusier and Mies van der Rohe arguing for a machine aesthetic. The aim of this study is to explore the interpretation of art and architecture, focusing on the subjective nature of interpretation and how it is dependent on the viewer's understanding and cultural context. The objective is to analyze examples of famous architects and buildings, such as Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater, Zaha Hadid's Guangzhou Opera House, and Le Corbusier's Villa Savoye, to illustrate the different forms and styles of architecture and the various interpretations that they can elicit. By examining these examples, this study aims to provide insights into the ways in which architecture can reflect cultural, social, and political values, as well as the personal beliefs of the architect.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

The city image defines how people see and recall aspects in urban environments. The most distingu... more The city image defines how people see and recall aspects in urban environments. The most distinguishing components of urban landscape, classified as pathways, nodes, boundaries, districts, and landmarks, form people's mental representations of the city. Because to urbanisation, India's historic cities are in grave danger. The heritage zones are essential components of the city's fabric, contributing to the city's image. Apart from possessing magnificent examples of traditional architecture, these heritage neighbourhoods serve as cultural and social hubs for the city, providing citizens with a sense of worth. The development process over the last few decades has had such an impact on historic towns that evidence of their historic worth is being destroyed forever. This historical zone is plagued by numerous concerns and problems. People come to Batala to enjoy the city's Punjabi culture and traditions. Maximum tourist visit to the city during "BABE DA VIVAH". This cultural zone is a one-of-a-kind place where the ambiance blends both old and modern architecture, and it is a multifunctional area offering a mix of history, educational, entertainment, residential, culinary, and so on. This area has a rich history, as evidenced by the presence of four major ancient monuments: Shamsher Khan Tomb, Jal Mahal, Baring Chaple, and Maharaj Sher Singh Palace. During the British Raj, this region was also frequented by British people. This cultural district has a number of issues, including a lack of a pedestrian area, criminal activity, a change in space use, changes in scale and land use, and so on. Furthermore, Batala city has no space for social interaction or recreation; there is only 0.81% of recreational area in the city, which is almost negligible; thus, there is an urgent need to create one cultural district in the city, which will not only help the city's residents socialise but will also attract tourists, resulting in the preservation of heritage monuments and increased revenue for the city.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

History plays an important role in defining our present and future. Architectural heritage is the... more History plays an important role in defining our present and future. Architectural heritage is the symbol of our cultural identities, acting as remnants from the past. Respect and values of the architecture heritage affect the identity and vision of the culture. The existence of architecture is defined in both time and space, therefore the need for historical monuments to be adapted and reused suited for current time while satisfying the historical context and cultural values, is the present-day demand to bring people together who are otherwise separated by certain boundaries. With the current technological advancement, the 21st century skyline places focus on glass and metal facades that lack personality, hence there is a need for more effort to conserve and readapt heritage sites that stem from our cultures and our values. The purpose of the study is to create awareness towards a more sustainable approach for heritage conservation by adaptive reuse and understand the influence it has on the various sectors of a society and its residents. Based on a qualitative methodology, with a case study approach, this paper uses observation, in-depth interviews, and textual analysis to explore possibilities of sustainable transformation of architectural heritage in present and transferring the culture and values to future. This research paper will open further opportunities in this field to understand the factors behind the influence of these intangible and tangible variables and can be utilized to raise a country to an international standard of competition in terms of economy and societal norms.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023

WEIGHTED MATRIX INDEX: A TOOL TO DECODE THE INTERCONNECTEDNESS OF SOCIO-CULTURAL EXPRESSIONS, URB... more WEIGHTED MATRIX INDEX: A TOOL TO DECODE THE INTERCONNECTEDNESS OF SOCIO-CULTURAL EXPRESSIONS, URBAN CONTEXT AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Human Resources Information System (HRIS) is essential for companies to manage their benefits pla... more Human Resources Information System (HRIS) is essential for companies to manage their benefits plans and their employee information. Companies must use the Human Resources Information System (HRIS) to handle their employee data and benefit schemes. Benefits management technology is becoming a "need to have," not a "nice to have," as HR must handle a deluge of data and the cost of benefits plans while working with constrained resources [6]. The recruitment, evaluation, development, retention, and use of human resources to meet organizational and personal goals is known as human resources management, or HRM. The integration of Information Systems (IS) with Human Resources Management (HRM) is known as HRIS. HRISs provide HR professionals with the technological tools they need to carry out HR tasks more methodically and effectively. It is the system that gathers, stores, manipulates, examines, retrieves, and disseminates relevant data about the human resources of an organization [7]. Over the past 20 years, there has been an exponential increase in the number of computer-based information systems in both public and private sector businesses. A new sector of the computer products and services business has emerged to supply the tools required to build computer-based information systems. Even though a sizable workforce is engaged in the design and operation of information systems, a much larger number of people use or are "consumers" of information systems [1]. There are some cutting-edge technology solutions that are available for HR departments, right from quantitative representation of employee data to the current trend of building behavior models that can be used as predictive tools. "Commercial applications are available in the markets that help capture information and build models [8]. In this article researcher has explained the numerous benefits of HRIS and outline key features to look for when choosing such a system.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

This research looks at Rajasthani lok natyas through the lens of their narrative content. The two... more This research looks at Rajasthani lok natyas through the lens of their narrative content. The two major natya forms-Khyals and Rammats are explicitly taken into consideration in this study. The research draws from live lok natya performances at local lok natya festivals, recordings of Khyal and Rammat performances available with private collectors or on the internet, and Rajasthani literature on this genre available in the local dialect and in Hindi. The lok natyas provide a genuine and an all-encompassing picture of folkways, aiding in the comprehension of the intricacies and wisdom of indigenous people. Reflecting the socio-cultural, political, ideological, psychological, and religious attitude of the folk, the lok natyas delve deeply into the fabric of folk life. They exhibit the folk culture, customs, dharma (the right action, a way of life), rituals and ceremonies, and folk perspective on life. Drawing inspiration from mythology and history these natyas cover a broad range of themes, including gender study, multiple truths, green ideals, communal social obligations, and dichotomies in life. There is much to learn, examine, and unpack about the lok natyas as a cultural achievement. It is important to acknowledge the universality ingrained in this cultural manifestation as well as its distinctiveness, specificity, and otherness.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Art is the expression of thoughts and feelings, which inspires by the events around oneself, it t... more Art is the expression of thoughts and feelings, which inspires by the events around oneself, it takes support of various mediums to express ones feelings and emotions. The matriarchal nature of the society in ancient times gives stability to our thinking. The reason must have been that men would have been responsible for collecting the resources for living in the society and in their absence it would have been the responsibility of women to run the social system. Almost this tradition is more or less maintained till today. Such traditions and conditions of contemporary society are depicted through various mediums of art. In these mediums, it is necessary to collect some important information regarding the marking of men and women, some are marked according to the plot described in mythology and some are independent. The detail study is discussed below with reference.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Design thinking and traditional craft practices, though seemingly distinct, share common elements... more Design thinking and traditional craft practices, though seemingly distinct, share common elements of empathy, problem-solving, and iteration. This study explores the interdisciplinary collaboration between these two creative processes, using literature review, case studies, and expert interviews. Focusing on Rajasthani indigenous crafts, it examines how the integration of design thinking addresses challenges faced by the craft community. By investigating the relationship between design thinking and traditional craft, the study illuminates their potential for social transformation. It underscores craftsmanship as a dynamic human activity that, when combined with design, leads to innovative, culturally rich, and socially responsible solutions. The findings highlight the interconnectedness of craftsmanship and design, leads to the emergence of a new model; advocating for collaboration to create products that are both aesthetically pleasing and socioeconomically viable, fostering sustainable production and consumption.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Advertising is a potent tool for shaping societal perspectives. India has witnessed a significant... more Advertising is a potent tool for shaping societal perspectives. India has witnessed a significant transition from traditional gender stereotypes to pro-female approach in advertising in recent years. These advertisements advocating gender equality possess the potential to capture consumers by emphasising the vital role of women across diverse life domains. While television commercials are primarily meant to promote products, they increasingly portray progressive images of women and convey messages that foster liberal perceptions and acceptance of gender equality. Such representations can influence social and psychological perceptions and consumers' brand preferences. This growing affinity for gender equality, reflected in these advertisements, contributes to the broader acceptance of these principles within society. Employing the snowball sampling technique for data collection, this study was initiated with a small group of participants in select capital cities of South Indian states, who then recruited additional individuals from their social networks to take part in the survey The research investigates the evolving attitudes of Generation Z towards pro-female advertising across the capital cities of five southern Indian states: Amaravati, Bengaluru, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Thiruvananthapuram. It evaluates shifts in attitudes and purchase intentions by employing Ostrom's ABC Model of Attitude (1969) to examine emotional, behavioural and cognitive changes resulting from exposure to pro-female advertising.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Chromotherapy, often known as colour therapy, has profound therapeutic, psychological, and spirit... more Chromotherapy, often known as colour therapy, has profound therapeutic, psychological, and spiritual implications that impact people's feelings, actions, and general well being. This article explores the complex interrelationship between colour and fashion, looking at its theoretical foundations, historical antecedents, and real-world applications. Chemotherapy has used colour to aid healing and harmony since ancient times. According to the field of fashion psychology, colour is essential for communicating emotional, political, and social themes as well as for defining personal style and society conventions. Textile colour symbolism represents cultural values and identities from many countries and eras, underscoring Colour's continuous significance in fashion. Furthermore, people are using colour therapy into their personal styling and wardrobe selections more and more, taking use of its psychological benefits to improve their mood and sense of self. The notion of "dopamine dressing," which highlights how clothes can elevate one's mood, highlights the healing effects of clothing colour choices. This paper provides a qualitative analysis of the topic and examines how color therapy has developed, especially with regard to photochromic dye in Textile materials. It also consists the secondary sources, the topics Swhich includes healing properties of a colour, application methods, opportunity in chromotherapy in future. This research focuses on the effectiveness of chromotherapy on textile materials through visual examination and customers questionnaires evaluating colors and their relationship with emotions.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

The nature of public space has changed over the time period. Its role evolved and developed as pe... more The nature of public space has changed over the time period. Its role evolved and developed as per the requirement, context, and culture of people. Public space development is an art of creating a connection between the city and people. A city without public spaces creates a city without culture and history. Public space directly contributes for socio, the economic and environmental development of the city. Its traces can be found from Agora's in the Greek period to parks and squares in contemporary times. Public spaces have been focal point of the city in past, but they lost their attention during modern urban development. It acts as a stage for translation of art and the drama of city life. Different experts from various fields have introduced different terminologies to explain the same and much work is done on the environmental and economic dimensions of sustainability. In contrast, the social dimension is yet to be explored. The public space directly contributes to social sustainability thus, it's essential to understand and integrate the concept of public space in the present time. In developing countries, the shortage of public space can be addressed by its effective utilization and the city's identity can be restored by developing an association between the city and people through publicness criteria identified in the study. The intent of the study is to provide a solution to fill the social gap created during modernism and technological advancement by taking references from the past.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

The purpose of this study is to describe the metaverse, its benefits, and the difficulties that I... more The purpose of this study is to describe the metaverse, its benefits, and the difficulties that Indian performing arts artists encounter. Following COVID 19, metaverse technology is booming as a result of generation Z's preference for digital and contactless platforms. It focused on the technology used and the expectations, advantages, and difficulties that performing arts performers confronted with it. Additionally, the paper attempts to shed light on the many forms of technology that are employed and then attempts to discuss the global metaverse's future. The research will add to the scant body of literature in the subject of art and culture about the metaverse. Understanding the advantages and difficulties faced by performing arts professionals will be beneficial.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

A layer of patina gets acquired over surfaces with the passage of time and usage. The ever-expand... more A layer of patina gets acquired over surfaces with the passage of time and usage. The ever-expanding definition of patina has been discussed in fields like chemistry, philosophy and aesthetics. Intentional patina is a process employed by sculptors to alter the surface of their artworks artificially without the risk of material damage. This paper aims to take a deep dive into explaining the fascination around patina. It discusses various aspects of aging, decaying, wear and tear, and alteration of visuals to explain its aesthetics. The paper takes post-modern and contemporary Indian sculptures as examples to illustrate its findings. It was found that intentional patina can undoubtedly add the context of time and environment the art was presumably exposed to. Variation in opacity, color, and texture of the patina can be used to celebrate imperfections and textures on the surface. There is also a break in the material hierarchy, choosing emotional attachment to a material over newer, polished finishes.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

The article explores the symbiotic relationship between cinema and technological advancements, un... more The article explores the symbiotic relationship between cinema and technological advancements, underlining the substantial impact of these advancements on both the artistic and technical aspects of filmmaking. It underscores that innovations in areas such as cinematography, recording techniques, lighting, and post-production editing have led to profound changes in the cinematic landscape. These changes not only manifest in the creation and presentation of films but also significantly influence the audience's perceptual and experiential dimensions. Moreover, the article emphasizes that cinema functions as a reflection of societal and cultural paradigms, embodying principles from aesthetics and semiotics. It posits that cinema is not solely a medium for storytelling but also serves as a canvas upon which the aesthetics and semiotic interpretations of different time periods are portrayed. The discussion extends to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the social and cultural dynamics, thereby contributing an additional layer to the examination of how cinema adapts and asserts its influence in this context. In this milieu, the pandemic has compelled filmmakers to explore alternative digital platforms, prompting a reevaluation of Malayalam cinema from both a creative and semiotic perspective. This article strives to engage in a comprehensive exploration of these intricate interactions, aiming to shed light on the multifaceted relationship between cinema and technological progress.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

WTTO has identified tourism as one of the major economic activities of the 21st Century. Experien... more WTTO has identified tourism as one of the major economic activities of the 21st Century. Experiences of the visitors at different purpose levels often result in multiple outcomes including revisit intention, word of mouth and so on. Memorable Cultural Experience shall dwell a new path to understand the emotional connections of the visitors with cultural events. The present study undertakes a scale development and validation of the same at the famous Chempai Music Festival held at Guruvayur Temple, Thrissur, Kerala. A sample of 530 visitors were made part of the study, and data collected were analysed using EFA, CFA and validity measures. Visitor's perceived authenticity, novelty, emotional connections, cultural learning and values contributes to the total experience. Thus, this research endeavors to provide insights into the intricate interplay between cultural heritage, emotional engagement, and tourism dynamics, thereby enriching our understanding of visitor experiences and informing strategic initiatives for sustainable tourism development.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Cave paintings and sculptures uncovered from prehistoric eras often represented human, mythologic... more Cave paintings and sculptures uncovered from prehistoric eras often represented human, mythological, ornately adorned animal, and other animal forms. Other animal species were also occasionally shown. Artists who contributed to the creation and distribution of concepts connected with Indian modernism were shaped by the most famous art institute and its teaching staff. This institute was responsible for moulding the artists who contributed. These art schools and centres stood in stark contrast to the royal art tradition practised in India's most important kingdoms. Not only was the old method of teaching art considerably different from how it was being taught now, but the activities that were being taught were also pretty different. The role that Calcutta played in the formation of contemporary art in India. This is necessary in order to understand the role that Calcutta played in the formation of contemporary art in India. There is considerable doubt that the majority of these centres originated in India's more recent cities such as New Delhi, Baroda, Chennai, Lahore, Nagpur, and Indore, amongst others, where there were essentially no pre existing artistic vocabulary to speak of. They rapidly developed into centres of artistic activity, complete with thriving communities of artists, patrons, galleries, prize-giving organisations, and educational institutions, thereby creating an ecosystem that fostered the art form and encouraged its dissemination. These centres of artistic activity are now known as cultural nexuses.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Informal settlements are a common phenomenon in Indian cities, where the urban poor carve out the... more Informal settlements are a common phenomenon in Indian cities, where the urban poor carve out their own spaces outside the formal planning system. Maqboolpura is one of the oldest informal settlements in Amritsar, which grapples with various urban design issues such as a poor built environment, inadequate open spaces, and ignorant public places. These issues affect the livability of the people of informal settlements. Non-places, characterized by a lack of identity and social relations, are prevalent in Maqboolpura due to their marginalization. This paper aims to explore the visual impressions of public spaces and the potential of redesigning the non-places in Maqboolpura to improve livability. This paper analyzes the visual impressions through the spatial structure of streets and the patterns of use by the dwellers in Maqboolpura. It proposes the design interventions to improve the non-places, such as creating multifunctional and flexible community spaces with the help of art and landscape in the process. The paper argues that improving the visual appeal of public spaces and reimagining the non-places can contribute to the adaptive livability of Maqboolpura. It covers the core aspects of public spaces inside the informal settlements to improve the quality of spaces for the urban poor.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

English: In this research paper, I have attempted to explore the ancient recreational forms of In... more English: In this research paper, I have attempted to explore the ancient recreational forms of Indian culture. These traditional art forms are deeply rooted in Indian cultura and they consists of various expressions such as music, dance, puppetry, and storytelling. These different forms of arts reflects a distinctive aspect of Indian art and culture, with folk art serving as a symbol of this rich cultural tapestry. Indian tradition has the greatest collection of songs, music, dance, stage performances, folk traditions, display arts, rituals, and ceremonies. Indian folk arts, which have flourished in regions like Madhubani, Bihar; Warli, Maharashtra; Gond, Madhya Pradesh; Bhil and Gond, Odisha; Patachitra, Kalighat; Kalamkari, Andhra Pradesh; Tanjore art; Mahabuliyas, Bundelkhand; Phad paintings, and more, symbolize country's rich cultural heritage. These folk arts have coexisted harmoniously for centuries which foregrounds special aspects of social development within Indian culture, underscoring local life and traditions in India. Moreover, the prospect of folk arts in the educational field is also important. Recognizing their contribution to the promotion and enrichment of Indian culture, the importance of preserving and enriching folk arts is emphasized in the conclusion of this research paper.

भारतीय संस्कृति के प्राचीन मनोरंजक स्वरूपों पर प्रासंगिक प्रकाश डाला है। जो भारतीय सांस्कृतिक रूपों पर आधारित लोक कलाएँ पीढ़ियों से चली आ रही हैं। इन पारंपरिक कला रूपों में संगीत, नृत्य, कठपुतली, कहानी सुनाना संगीत, नृत्य, और बहुत कुछ शामिल हैं। यह भारतीय कला और संस्कृति की एक बहुत ही अनूठी विशेषता है। इसके उद्देश्य में लोककला को भारतीय संस्कृति की बहुलता का प्रतीक माना गया है। भारत में प्रचलित गीत, संगीत, नृत्य, रंगमंच, लोक परंपराओं, प्रदर्शन कलाओं, संस्कारों और अनुष्ठानों का संग्रह दुनिया का सबसे बड़ा है। भारतीय लोक कलाएं विविधता और समृद्धि की प्रतीक है, जो देश के विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में विकसित बिहार की मधुबनी, महाराष्ट्र की वर्ली, मध्यप्रदेश की गोंदना, भील व गोंड़, उड़ीसा के पटचित्र, कालीघाट के पटचित्र, आन्ध्रप्रदेश की कलमकारी, तंजौर कला, बुन्देलखण्ड की महबुलिया, फड़चित्र आदि है। भारतीय संस्कृति के सामाजिक विकास में लोक कलाओं की समरसताएं अद्वितीय पहलुओं को प्रकट करती है, लोक चित्रकला और सांस्कृतिक सद्भाव में स्थानीय जीवन और परम्पराओं को दर्शाती है। शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में लोक कलाएं किस प्रकार लाभप्रद होगी? इसके साथ ही निष्कर्ष में लोक कलाओं के संरक्षण व समृद्धि की उपयोगिता बखुबी प्रदर्शित किया गया है। भारतीय संस्कृति के संवर्धन व समृद्धि में लोक कला का अद्वितीय योगदान माना गया हैं।

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Movies are the mirror of the society, and based on the movies people can get into the reality of ... more Movies are the mirror of the society, and based on the movies people can get into the reality of the society. The motif of this paper is to question the relevance of this statement, based on several instances taken from Satyajit Ray's movies to our contemporary movies. The reality is that after the media, movies have also become politicized, politicians use movies to promote their political propaganda and stimulate the mind of the audience. Starting from Satyajit Ray, along with the masterpieces, how his movies were politicized to promote the Nehruvian ideologies to the global audience. How Ray's characters were prototypes of the Nehruvian ideologies. How Ray presents both poverty and ambition in movies but focuses more on his character's ambitions rendering that with Nehruvian ambition for modern India. This hereditary politicization of movies has continued till the present, and in the present scenario, the movies are fabricating the reality at such a level that, they appear more real than the reality to their audience. All because it stimulates the perspectives of the audience towards political propaganda. This paper will focus more on decoding the politicization of Satyajit Ray's earlier movies. While doing that this paper will decode one movie from the contemporary era, to prove that politicization in Bollywood is a traditional practice.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Adaptive clothing is made for patients who struggle to wear and remove off clothing because of di... more Adaptive clothing is made for patients who struggle to wear and remove off clothing because of disabilities or restricted mobility. This adaptation still accommodates their difficulties while allowing persons with disabilities to dress like their counterparts. It was discovered that the wearer's freedom and independence were increased by this type of adaptable clothes. As the wearer's sense of autonomy and control over their body develops, they are better able to participate fully in their community. This kind of adaptable clothing design increases psychological comfort in addition to physiological comfort by improving the wearer's self-confidence. This study's main objective was to acquire qualitative data regarding the clothing needs of kids with impairments. An open-ended interview schedule with boys of 10-15years of age group and their care takers was used. Data was gathered addressing the physical effects of the handicapping condition that relate to clothes and dressing, the ways of procuring clothing, dressing considerations, clothing needs, and clothing issues that may arise when a support device is employed. A restricted physical movement was observed in every case, and the wheelchair was the most common support equipment. After analyzing the problem area for putting and taking off clothes, the adaptive garments were designed. The designed garments were ranked by the experts from designing field. The collection was found to be highly appropriate. The top ranked design was constructed for final wear trial. It has been discovered that wearing this type of adaptable apparel increases the wearer's freedom and independence. Adaptive clothing increases the wearer’s sense of autonomy and control over their body means that they can more meaningfully participate in their community.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Hindi cinema, with its immense popularity and pan-India reach has long been recognized as an infl... more Hindi cinema, with its immense popularity and pan-India reach has long been recognized as an influential socio-cultural force in the country. Through propagation of enduring stereotypes in films, it contributes to shaping and reinforcing the attitudes and perceptions of audiences regarding gender roles, communities, professions and societal values. This study aimed to examine the impact of exposure to stereotypical Hindi cinema on altering adults' perceptions towards commonly accepted societal stereotypes in the Delhi NCR region. A sample of 217 adults aged 18-35 above years was surveyed using questionnaires to assess cinema viewership patterns, endorsement of societal stereotypes portrayed in Hindi movies. The findings highlight the powerful influence Hindi cinema wields in combating regressive stereotypes in society especially among vulnerable sections like the rural poor with limited education. But rising education levels are breeding resistance to such stereotyped beliefs. The paper recommends that Hindi filmmakers should consciously avoid harmful stereotypes and attempt progressive portrayals of gender, caste, class and professions. Responsible cinema can play a transformative role in promoting egalitarian attitudes aligned with India's development goals.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Kishore Kumar's captivating voice and multifaceted artistry transcended generations, leaving an e... more Kishore Kumar's captivating voice and multifaceted artistry transcended generations, leaving an enduring impact on Indian cinema and society. This mixed-methods study delves into his multifaceted impact. Through surveys, expert interviews, and critical analysis, the research reveals how Kishore Kumar revolutionized playback singing with his unique vocal range, emotional delivery, and innovative techniques like yodeling. His significant contributions to acting and filmmaking are also examined. The study further explores his lasting influence on contemporary artists (76.9% acknowledging his inspiration) and a significant portion of the audience (84.6%) who believe his music resonates across generations, shaping social and cultural identity. By understanding Kishore Kumar's multifaceted impact, we gain a deeper appreciation for his artistry and its enduring legacy on the evolution of Indian cinema and the cultural fabric of Indian society.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

The history of a human being is also the history of who or why or how human beings have worshippe... more The history of a human being is also the history of who or why or how human beings have worshipped something that they believed was more powerful than them. The history of human being is also the history of artists as how they have imagined, depicted or visualized this superpower. For instance, in the Indus Valley Civilization, we find that humans made clay idols which may have been worshipped, for instance, in the form of Mother Goddess and Pashupati Nath. Across prehistoric, ancient and medieval periods, as the circumstances of human life changed, so did the nature of worshiping and the nature of art. This act of worship gave rise to some of the greatest religions in the world with their dedicated sacred text, rituals, followers, and patronage. Each religion had a distinct and unique equation with art and it was based on this equation that it became possible to study and interpret a work of art. This approach of study or interpretation was later classified as iconography. The present paper aims to locate the presence of Hindu iconography in modern India with special reference to the paintings of Thota Vaikuntam, who is known for drawing extensively from the iconographic representations of Shiva, Ganesh, and Krishna.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

The iconography of six Shakta and six Vashnavite sculptures of the State Museum of Bhubaneswar is... more The iconography of six Shakta and six Vashnavite sculptures of the State Museum of Bhubaneswar is the main aspect of Odishan sculptural art in Eastern India. Saktism is a very important cult among the Hindus in all over Odisha as well as India. The beginning of Sakti cult in Odisha may be traced back to the days of Mahabharata. The growing popularity of the Sakti cult in Odisha is evident from the placing of independent sculptures of Sakti. The State Museum of Bhubaneswar has preserved a good number of the Sakta sculptures, which are collected from the different parts of the state. Among these, six Sakta sculptures are discussed in this article. The Vaishnavism was become widespread in the state of Odisha in the past. The cult of Gopinath Krishna was made popular during the Ganga era of Odiasha. The Ganga period marked the climax of Vaishnavism in Odisha. Some of the Vaishnavite sculptures are collected from different parts of Odisha and now these are preserved in the State Museum for public display. Among the preserved Vashnavite sculptures of the State Museum, two Varaha, two Krishna and two Vishnu images are also discussed in the present article. The above twelve sculptures of state museum are the well workmanship of the sculptors of the medieval Odisha. In fact, the above twelve sculptures are very important for iconographical study. That is why; the aim of this article is to highlight the iconography of twelve preserved sculptures of Odisha State Museum, Bhubaneswar.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Basic principle in journalism is to focus for development for public good and to uplift the socie... more Basic principle in journalism is to focus for development for public good and to uplift the society and transform the societal healthy practices. Media in its various capacity tries to inform, educate, and entertain the mass people for the benefit of human society and that should be the motto of media cutting across country line and geographical boundary. In Indian context how media focuses in its principle in the present set up that is interesting to be seen in the light of the critical perspective of freedom of expression as envisages in our constitution. In India journalistic freedom remained a million dollar question not only in pre-independence India but remained a valid question in post independence period and in the modern scenario too. In the present context if we speculate we observe that media organization and their key functionaries are vertically divided into pro and anti against any elected government and this phenomenon is not even permanent in them. They themselves frequently changes their colour for the reasons not best known by themselves alone but mass people are more knowledgeable these days and understand the very fact for this kind of shift. Off course for some time their survival question remains a valid point too in this competitive market scenario. In such a juncture this paper would like to discuss all those critical issues in this complex and media saturated condition more specifically in the light of journalistic freedom and their challenges in the current Indian situation.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Technological advancements have altered news consumption among everyone. This study scrutinises o... more Technological advancements have altered news consumption among everyone. This study scrutinises online news habits, exploring digital preferences and influencing factors, especially among college students aged 18-21 years. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, incorporating quantitative surveys (including 272 students) with qualitative insights obtained from agreed-upon students for interviews as a source of primary data gathering. Illuminating the unexplored dimension of college students' digital news consumption, the study provides insightful perspectives for fostering informed societies. College students predominantly opt for occasional news consumption via social media, particularly Instagram.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Indian cinema is a term that refers to films made in India since time immemorial and has greatly ... more Indian cinema is a term that refers to films made in India since time immemorial and has greatly influenced world cinema. Indian Cinema includes various regional languages and among them is Tamil cinema that produces films in the Tamil language with a very wide audience. It showcases varied and interesting patterns of visual culture. Film posters play a vital role in exhibiting these visual cultures and serve as the essence of a film's soul. Film posters have a deep-rooted relationship with Indian cinema and one of the important parts of these posters is the title design. Title designs are synonymous with the story of the film with a view to create a visual force. The title designs have a modern facelift in the digital era. The use of new graphic techniques, expressive typography, composition, and color creates a lasting impact particularly in new age film title designs. The current research aims to examine the title designs in Kollywood film posters using a semiotics approach. Analysis is done based on the following aspects such as structural parameters, relationship with the theme of the film, context of use and production techniques.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Films have consistently served as a narrative medium reflecting the discourses of male patriarchy... more Films have consistently served as a narrative medium reflecting the discourses of male patriarchy in society throughout the ages. In particular, a significant portion of Indian cinema perpetuates male-centric stereotypes, depicting women as the weaker sex-an inaccurate representation of reality. Joe Baby's Malayalam film, 'The Great Indian Kitchen,' meticulously replicates prevalent customs dictating women's roles and explores various aspects of women's emancipation. The film delves into the frustration and discontent experienced by a married woman, highlighting her struggle to conform to the traditional patriarchal roles of being a wife and daughter-in-law. By the film's conclusion, it unravels her journey as she breaks free from the confines of this stereotypical system. This paper aims to focus on the deconstruction of women stereotypes ingrained in our society, with a specific examination of how 'The Great Indian Kitchen,' directed by Joe Baby, portrays and challenges these beliefs within the context of typical Indian societal norms. Employing a discourse analysis method, the film is scrutinized to derive meaningful findings.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Cinema is the most significant form of art and the most profound communication tool. Pariyerum Pe... more Cinema is the most significant form of art and the most profound communication tool. Pariyerum Perumal is a thought-provoking Tamil film directed by Mari Selvaraj. This film looks deeply into the persistent caste myths in Indian society, particularly on the suffering of the Dalit group (formerly known as "untouchables"), the story of Pariyan, a young Dalit student who wants to be a lawyer. Pariyan struggles with the harsh reality of prejudice and caste-based discrimination in a rural Indian setting while he pursues his education. In the story, Pariyan is isolated from his upper-caste colleagues in college and experiences violence and humiliation due to the sharp caste-based division pervasive in society. The film Pariyerum Perumal shows underprivileged groups' tenacity and struggle to claim their identity and dignity. Pariyan is adamant about overcoming trials and obstacles to achieve his goals and free himself from caste oppression. The movie fiercely refutes the idea of caste superiority and exposes the sneaky prejudices based on caste, even among those who appear progressive. This article focused on how Pariyerum Perumal portrays the caste-based problems afflicting modern India painfully and realistically. It sparks crucial dialogues on caste prejudice, violence, and the pressing need for societal transformation to destroy the antiquated caste myths that still exclude and oppress millions of people in the nation.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

In recent years, Over-The-Top (OTT) platforms have emerged as a transformative force in the realm... more In recent years, Over-The-Top (OTT) platforms have emerged as a transformative force in the realm of cinematic storytelling, redefining the boundaries of artistic expression and democratizing access to global audiences. This research paper explores the impact of OTT platforms on Tamil cinema, with a specific focus on the critically acclaimed film 'Viduthalai.' The study investigates how OTT platforms have provided Tamil filmmakers with newfound freedom of expression, enabling them to address socially relevant and often sensitive topics. 'Viduthalai,' a powerful and thought-provoking film, serves as a compelling case study, exemplifying the artistic liberties afforded by digital distribution channels. By employing qualitative analysis, this research evaluates the narratives of 'Viduthalai' in theatrical and OTT spheres, shedding light on the unique opportunities, challenges and freedom of expression faced by the filmmaker in the OTT era. Ultimately, the findings underscore the profound influence of OTT platforms in promoting diverse narratives and empowering cinematic voices that might otherwise remain unheard.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

The notion of freedom of expression, in Tamil films unsimilar to other film industries is a frequ... more The notion of freedom of expression, in Tamil films unsimilar to other film industries is a frequently debated topic. Tamil cinema has encountered controversies and obstacles concerning the aspect of freedom of expression over years. Lately there has been an increasing recognition and discussion, about the importance of freedom of speech in Tamil cinema. This struggle for freedom of Expression isn't that new to Tamil cinema that the dates back to decades before. That is when the wave of Dravidian cinema emerged the Tamil cinematic sphere faced the notable adherent struggles and challenges for expressions on screen. This research delves into the complexities of freedom of expression in Indian cinema, focusing on M.R. Radha's "Rathakanneer". Employing qualitative analysis, the study explores the challenges faced by the film due to its progressive ideas, enduring censorship, and controversies. Radha's Theatre of Cruelty intensified societal critiques. It underscores art's power to challenge conventions and navigate political and societal pressures, revealing the intricate interplay between cinema, socio-political influences, and cultural heritage.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Any firm has to focus on promotional activities, which aim to provide worth by pulling clients an... more Any firm has to focus on promotional activities, which aim to provide worth by pulling clients and influencing them to become buyers. A famous comment from Steve Jobs sums up the value of advertising: "Clients don't know exactly what they want before we supply them." Technological advancement has affected advertising's progress, turning it crucial to the continued success of any firm shortly. This essay examines the development of advertising and offers an effective business within the framework of the 5.0 marketing strategy. The study emphasizes how a business might keep growing even amid a global epidemic by keeping to marketing patterns. The research is carried out using a variety of techniques, to attention to online marketing in digitalized finance.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Lean Production Planning and Control is to be contrasted with project controls. His effectiveness... more Lean Production Planning and Control is to be contrasted with project controls. His effectiveness of Lean Production Planning and Control is sometimes limited because of external factors, which are beyond the control of Production Manager. Sudden breakdown or beak-out of war, government control, natural calamities, change in fashion, change in technology, etc. As explained, project controls have developed to become centralized functions to track project progress and identify deviations from plan and to forecast future progress, using metrics rooted in accounting principles. Thus, lean production control is some scientific procedure to regulate an orderly flow of material and coordinate various production operations to accomplish the objective of producing desired item. In right quantity of desired quality at the required time by the best and the cheapest method i.e., to attain highest efficiency in production. Alternately, production control is the function of management, which plans, directs and controls the material supply and processing activities of an enterprise; so that specified products are produced by specified methods to meet an approved sales program. It ensures that the activities are carried in such a way that the available labor and capital are used in the best possible way.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

The rapid advancement in digital technologies has transformed the landscape of marketing, leading... more The rapid advancement in digital technologies has transformed the landscape of marketing, leading to the widespread adoption of digital marketing strategies by network marketing companies. This research paper examines the positive impacts of digital marketing strategies on consumer psychology and sales performance within network marketing companies. Utilizing a sample of 259 respondents, the study employs quantitative analysis to explore how digital marketing initiatives affect consumer engagement, brand perception, and purchasing decisions. The study highlights that personalized digital marketing strategies significantly enhance consumer engagement, influencing their perception of brands and increasing their likelihood of making purchases. Additionally, the research identifies a direct correlation between the frequency of digital marketing campaigns and improved sales performance. Special promotions and interactive digital marketing tactics further contribute to consumer purchasing decisions and trust in network marketing companies. The findings suggest that effective digital marketing strategies can lead to higher sales and improved customer loyalty. This paper provides valuable insights for marketers looking to optimize their digital strategies to better meet consumer needs and enhance sales performance.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

The research paper examines the factors influencing the adoption of blockchain technology in mode... more The research paper examines the factors influencing the adoption of blockchain technology in modern enterprises, focusing on both internal and external determinants. Conducted with a sample of 231 respondents from various industries, the study investigates how organizational culture, leadership support, technological infrastructure, training resources, communication, regulatory standards, competitive pressures, market maturity, partnerships, and customer expectations affect blockchain technology adoption. Using a quantitative methodology, data were collected through structured questionnaires, and hypotheses were tested using statistical techniques, including onesample t-tests. The results reveal that internal factors such as organizational culture and leadership support significantly impact blockchain adoption. Concurrently, external factors like regulatory standards, competitive pressures, and customer demands also play a crucial role. The study highlights that organizations with supportive internal environments and those adept at navigating external pressures are more likely to successfully adopt blockchain technology. The findings suggest that a comprehensive approach, addressing both internal and external factors, is essential for effective blockchain integration. Implications for practice include the need for organizations to foster a supportive internal culture, ensure strong leadership, and stay responsive to external regulatory and market dynamics. Future research directions include exploring the long-term impact of blockchain adoption on organizational performance and investigating the integration of blockchain with other emerging technologies.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Women are an integral part of every economy. A nation's growth also depends on the overall growth... more Women are an integral part of every economy. A nation's growth also depends on the overall growth and development of women. The Government of India together with the State Governments is trying to empower the women through various schemes so that they become economically independent. These schemes have played very important role in reducing the vulnerability of poor women, through asset creation, income generation and provision of emergency assistance. However, the success of these schemes is determined by their reach. If the needy women are not aware of the schemes, then it would limit the number of beneficiaries of such schemes and the very purpose of such schemes would not be achieved. The schemes selected for the study were Griha Aadhar Scheme, Mamta Scheme, Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana and Ladli Laxmi Scheme. The main objective of the study is to know the impact of demographic variables on the awareness level of schemes among women beneficiaries and to know the socioeconomic impact of the schemes. Snowball method of sampling was used to select a sample of 220 women beneficiaries for the study. The data was analysed using statistical tools like mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, paired t-test, Chi-square and ANOVA. It was concluded that moderate level of empowerment was found among women beneficiaries. It was also seen that there was significant relationship between education level, place of residence and the level of awareness among beneficiaries.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

This paper examines IRDAI's regulatory sandbox for Fintech startups. We will begin with understan... more This paper examines IRDAI's regulatory sandbox for Fintech startups. We will begin with understanding the concepts of Fintech, IRDAI and its regulatory sandbox. Further understanding the IRDAI's regulatory sandbox in detail and how does it work. Deep analysis of regulatory sandbox and its how does it impact startups. Different real life case studies and sandbox's comparison with other sandboxes. Lastly the future outlook and the conclusion of the overall paper.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

This research explores the impact of background music on consumer perceptions and buying behavior... more This research explores the impact of background music on consumer perceptions and buying behavior in retail settings, aiming to uncover its strategic implications for store management. A quantitative approach was adopted, surveying 288 retail shoppers to gauge their perceptions and behaviors in response to background music. Findings indicate a strong positive correlation between the presence of music and enhanced shopping experiences, enjoyment, and alignment with brand image. Respondents reported that music influenced their decision to stay longer, make unplanned purchases, and perceive product quality more favorably. These findings highlight music's role beyond ambiance, serving as a potent tool for influencing consumer emotions and behaviors in retail environments. The study concludes with implications for retail practitioners, emphasizing the importance of strategic music selection to create favorable shopping atmospheres and foster customer satisfaction and loyalty.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

The effect of online retargeting adverts on customers' buying decisions is examined in this study... more The effect of online retargeting adverts on customers' buying decisions is examined in this study article. A mixed-methods research approach was used, incorporating the collection of both quantitative and qualitative data. 500 web users who were exposed to retargeting adverts made up the sample. According to the data, there is a link between seeing retargeting advertising and making decisions to buy, suggesting that the likelihood of buying increases with exposure to these ads. The significance of individualised and non-intrusive ad experiences is highlighted by the enormous influence that attitudes and perceptions towards retargeting advertising have on purchasing decisions. The report emphasises the necessity for marketers to take into account the sustainability and longterm implications of retargeting techniques, including elements like ad fatigue and privacy issues. The limitations of the study include a focus on a specific demographic and the use of self-reported measures. Future research could explore individual differences, the specific content and design aspects of retargeting ads, and comparative effectiveness across different advertising channels. The findings contribute to the understanding of the complex relationship between retargeting advertisements and consumer behavior, providing insights for marketers to optimize their advertising strategies and enhance purchase decisions.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

This research paper investigates the impact of fringe benefits and remuneration on employee engag... more This research paper investigates the impact of fringe benefits and remuneration on employee engagement within organizational settings. Analyzed quantitatively, the Likert-scale-based questionnaire responses of 255 employees were assessed to determine the impact of these factors on employee engagement. The findings reveal a significant association between comprehensive fringe benefit packages and heightened levels of employee satisfaction, motivation, and commitment. Similarly, fair and competitive remuneration emerged as a crucial driver of employee dedication, satisfaction, and motivation within the workplace. The study underscores the pivotal role of both fringe benefits and remuneration in shaping a conducive and engaging work environment, providing valuable insights for organizational management and human resource practices.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

This research paper investigates the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in financial management... more This research paper investigates the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in financial management, focusing on finance managers' perceptions and attitudes towards its application. Utilizing a quantitative research methodology, the study explores AI's impact on various facets of financial decision-making processes, risk management, and alignment with organizational goals. The findings reveal a positive perception among finance managers, affirming the significance of AI in revolutionizing financial management practices. Implications suggest the need for organizations to embrace AI technologies, invest in adoption, and promote continuous skill development among managerial staff. The research contributes to the evolving discourse on AI in financial management and sets the stage for future investigations into specific impact areas and challenges.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

This research paper investigates the pivotal role of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (... more This research paper investigates the pivotal role of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) in revolutionizing customer engagement strategies. Through a quantitative methodology involving 321 managerial participants, the study scrutinizes the impact of AR and VR technologies on customer interactions, perceptions, and brand engagement. Findings reveal that both AR and VR significantly influence customer engagement, as evidenced by their positive effects on customer interactions, perceptions of product/service value, satisfaction, and fostering long-term relationships. Likert-based analyses of statements regarding AR and VR experiences affirm their ability to capture attention, deepen immersion, and enhance understanding, thus substantiating their value in the customer journey. These results underscore the transformative potential of AR and VR in enhancing customer-brand relationships and shaping contemporary marketing practices.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

The capacity of artificial intelligence to swiftly evaluate massive amounts of information and im... more The capacity of artificial intelligence to swiftly evaluate massive amounts of information and implement high-frequency trades (HFT) has made AI a valuable tool for human operators. The most important studies that use innovative techniques to predict patterns of financial assets are analysed in this article, along with an assessment of their usefulness and potential applications in investing in intricate financial sectors. These structures investigate connections and factors that impact trading performance via the application of machine learning and deep learning algorithms. Forecasts are calculated from either linear or nonlinear methods and often include sentiment evaluation or trend identification from internet-based participants. The majority of papers that have been examined have shown that their artificial intelligence can be used to trade financial markets successfully.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

This research paper investigates the transformative influence of the Internet of Things (IoT) on ... more This research paper investigates the transformative influence of the Internet of Things (IoT) on digital marketing strategies. Through a comprehensive survey, the study explores the role of IoT in enhancing the effectiveness of digital marketing initiatives, personalizing marketing campaigns, increasing customer engagement, improving understanding of consumer behavior, and making digital marketing more competitive and innovative. The findings underscore the pivotal role of IoT in revolutionizing the digital marketing landscape, offering a new paradigm for businesses to navigate. However, the study also reveals the challenges faced by managers, including data security and privacy concerns, operational complexities, financial investment, workforce upskilling, and the lack of standardized protocols. As businesses seek to adapt and thrive in the digital age, understanding and addressing these challenges becomes paramount. This research provides valuable insights into the evolving relationship between IoT and digital marketing, paving the way for further exploration and practical applications in this dynamic field.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Fluoride is one of the elements that impact human health at levels lower and higher than the sta... more Fluoride is one of the elements that impact human health at levels lower and higher than the standard, also is consider as a healthproblems in most areas of the world, where about 200 million people from 25 countries are exposed to high or low concentrations of fluoride from groundwater sources. This descriptive and analytical study was conducted in shendi City to identify concentrations of fluoride in ground water. 150 samples of ground water were tested per season (50 samples for each season), the water samples were collected from ground water sources (wells), distribution system and storage facilities that are used directly by community. Analyzing of samples had been completed according to standard methods for examinations of water, in this study used photometer device for determination concentrations of fluoride. Our study revealed that: the quality of ground water in study area is low fluoride content and below the optimum levels that recommended by WHO and SSMO guidelines for drinking water and seasonal variations have effects on fluoride’s solubility and concentrations. Based on the findings of this study we recommend that: community must not depend totally on ground water as main source for fluoride, and community in study area should be use other sources for fluoride intake to obtain on daily required amount of fluoride for protection the health. Digital technology has become one of the most important competitive factors for most firms in the modern age. In attempts to increase income, increase effectiveness, and enhance the supply of services, organisations have technologically altered their offerings. Like thatA technological leadership that can support this kind of development is necessary. It is to be expected of a digital executive to start the process of digitization, oversee it, and even raise money for it. In order to accomplish the objective of digitization, a digital executive has to possess certain traits and actions. This study examined the traits of digital management in particular, and using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), it was possible to identify associated traits, or variables, that were categorized into roles. All 23 elements loaded correctly, and the EFA yielded 7 factors. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis yielded a better match for the collection of data by including 4 variables and 13 components.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

The efficiency of human resources inside certain non-governmental organizations (NGOs) is examine... more The efficiency of human resources inside certain non-governmental organizations (NGOs) is examined in this study as an outcome of Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM). Through the use of quantitative data analysis on 200 participant responses from different NGOs, this study pinpoints important elements that either support or impede HR efficiency. The study investigates the integration of SHRM strategies such as training, performance management, employee engagement, and leadership development. Findings reveal significant correlations between SHRM practices and improvements in HR performance, adaptability, and satisfaction levels. This research provides a nuanced understanding of SHRM's role in optimizing human resource outcomes, offering valuable insights for NGO leaders to enhance workforce efficiency.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

This study investigates the use of neural networks with respect to big data analytics, emphasizin... more This study investigates the use of neural networks with respect to big data analytics, emphasizing the ways in which these potent tools may be used to mine massive data sets for insightful information. Using data-driven techniques, researchers explore the methods that allow the efficient using neural networks to improve big data processing and understanding. They go over how neural networks' innate ability to manage intricate relationships and trends in huge datasets makes it easier to find useful insights. We also emphasize how crucial it is to combine various data sources and use strong approaches to preprocessing in order to maximize neural network performance in big data analytics. Researchers illustrate the prospective effect of using neural networks in a variety of sectors, including finances, marketing, and healthcare, using research results and actuallife scenarios. This paper's principal objective is to provide a thorough analysis of the methods and approaches for using neural networks to their fullest capacity in analytics of large amounts of data, highlighting the significance of making decisions based on data for fostering invention and commercial success.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Consumer behavior has changed across many sectors as a result of the fast development of digital ... more Consumer behavior has changed across many sectors as a result of the fast development of digital technology, including the fashion industry. For fashion brands to market their goods, interact with customers, and affect purchasing behavior, social media platforms have emerged as potent tools. This research is to investigate how social media advertising affects the apparel marketplace with a specific emphasis on customer participation, alternatives, and shopping for conduct. The study utilizes quantitative analysis to evaluate the have an effect on of social media systems like as Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube on fashion tendencies and sales. The sample of 250 respondents is drawn from Bhilai, Durg, and Raipur. Results show that social media marketing has a significant impact on consumer decisions, especially for younger audiences that interact with fashion information on digital platforms more often. For fashion brands hoping to use social media as a major marketing tool in the digital era, the findings provide insightful information.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Purpose This paper explores the intersection of Industry 5.0 (IR 5.0) and employer branding, with... more Purpose This paper explores the intersection of Industry 5.0 (IR 5.0) and employer branding, with a specific focus on how organizations can leverage IR 5.0 principles to attract, engage, and retain Generation Z (Gen Z) talent. The study aims to provide insights into how the human-centric and sustainability-focused aspects of IR 5.0 reshape employer branding strategies, aligning them with the values and expectations of Gen Z. Design/Methodology/Approach A conceptual framework was developed by reviewing existing literature on Industry 5.0, employer branding, and generational workforce preferences, particularly those of Gen Z. The paper employs a qualitative approach, synthesizing key themes from the literature to propose strategic employer branding adaptations. Insights were gathered from case studies, secondary data, and industry reports to illustrate real-world applications and potential outcomes. Findings The study identifies several key areas where IR 5.0 enhances employer branding for Gen Z, including the emphasis on personalized work experiences, sustainability, ethical practices, innovation-driven cultures, and human-machine collaboration. It also highlights Gen Z's demand for flexible work arrangements, continuous learning, and purpose-driven roles. These alignments present opportunities for companies to differentiate themselves in a competitive job market. However, a successful alignment requires a comprehensive and authentic integration of IR 5.0 principles into the company's branding strategy. Research Limitations The conceptual nature of this study limits empirical testing of the proposed framework. Further quantitative research and case studies are needed to validate the findings across different industries and regions. Additionally, rapid technological advancements may require continuous updates to the proposed model as IR 5.0 evolves. Practical Implications Organizations looking to enhance their employer brand and appeal to Gen Z should integrate IR 5.0 principles into their strategic approach. This includes fostering a culture of sustainability, promoting lifelong learning, and leveraging advanced technologies for human-centric innovation. Adopting these practices can strengthen employer branding and attract tech-savvy, value-driven Gen Z talent. Originality/Value This paper is among the first to conceptually link Industry 5.0 with employer branding for Gen Z, offering fresh insights into how the next industrial revolution impacts talent management strategies. It adds to the emerging discourse on how technological and human-focused innovations can reshape workforce dynamics and recruitment practices.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Purpose: This research study investigates the antecedents of social media influencer marketing. T... more Purpose: This research study investigates the antecedents of social media influencer marketing. These antecedents were found and perceived to impact consumer behavior within Pune City. In particular, the research focuses on understanding the role of key factors such as trust & credibility, consumer connect & engagement, and social circle influence, the conceived belief system of the consumer antecedents that drive consumer decisions in influencer-led campaigns. By investigating these factors, the study aims to confirm their significance and reliability to firmly shape the construct of the impact of SMIs on consumer purchasing patterns, in a quickly developing urban market. Methods: The researchers employed a quantitative research approach, picking primary data from active social media users in Pune city. These users are followers of social media influencers using platforms like YouTube, Instagram, and Twitter. The Structured survey questionnaire was distributed to measure variables such as consumer trust & credibility, influencer content richness & authenticity, and purchase intent. Reliability testing was conducted using Cronbach's alpha, to evaluate the consistency of the identified antecedents which influence consumer behavior. Results: The analysis revealed that the alpha value of 0.754, fits contentedly within the prescribed range, indicating that the 42 items (defining antecedents) are well-designed. It also reveals that these items effectively acquire the envisioned concept. The inclusion of 42 items in the analysis advocates that a larger number of items normally increases the likelihood of capturing a comprehensive picture of the construct, thereby the reliability increases. Conclusion: This study confirms the importance of factors such as "Influencers are credible specialists, and following their advice is accepted socially" and "Consumers' aristocracies support social media influencers' recommendations". These factors when synthesized to "credibility" and "recommendation-centric", bring into the limelight as crucial antecedents to be considered in the social media influencer marketing effectiveness within Pune City. The findings provide valuable perceptions for marketers looking to optimize their strategies. They can leverage social media influencer marketing to engage local viewers. This research study also contributes to the academic understanding : (a) how influencer marketing affects consumer behavior within Pune city (b) offers practical applications for businesses within the urban setting.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

The integration of technology into education has offered significant benefits, especially for stu... more The integration of technology into education has offered significant benefits, especially for students with learning disabilities. This study examines the effects of technologyenabled teaching strategies on the learning experiences of students with disabilities and looks at how educators, parents, and special education specialists view these strategies' efficacy. 200 participants in the study-teachers, parents, and special educators-gave their opinions using a standardized questionnaire. Questions with closed-ended answers were used to gather quantitative data. The results demonstrate the beneficial influence of assistive technology, customized education software, and adaptive tools in enhancing learning outcomes for students with disabilities. Nonetheless, issues with resource allocation, training, and accessibility were also noted. In order to improve learning for students with disabilities, this study attempts to contribute to the creation of more inclusive, technologically enabled educational methods.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

Companies spend a lot of money on digital relationships with potential customers. In the modern w... more Companies spend a lot of money on digital relationships with potential customers. In the modern world, digital marketing has become an important part of companies' marketing plans. It is an effective tool that enables companies to successfully convey their brand message to a large audience. Digital marketing has significantly changed consumer behavior. This study focus on digital marketing-changes in consumer behavior under the influence of digital technology. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of digital marketing on consumer buying behavior and to determine whether consumers should be aware of digital marketing and how it affects their purchasing. According to the findings of the decision survey, the majority of people are familiar with digital marketing. They embrace digital marketing and that has influenced their decision to shop online. To increase the number of customers for online businesses and increase the volume of goods and services they sell and help them save time.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

November 7, 2021 announced the end of India's famous five-year demonetization operation. To asses... more November 7, 2021 announced the end of India's famous five-year demonetization operation. To assess how effective it is, the authors examined both the macro and micro effects. This research was done using secondary data from a poll of 120 regular men and women as well as data provided by the Reserve Bank of India. The survey's findings indicate that there is agreement on how to accomplish targets that include lowering interest rates, boosting cashless transactions, and decreasing corruption. The outcomes show that although the goals have been successfully met in most cases, some areas like micro-level corruption have not seen a substantial decline. People support a more systematic demonetization attempt as well. Policymakers are looking for ways to fight corruption at the national level. The study demonstrates how monetary policy can be utilized to successfully accomplish a number of objectives.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

This research looks at how FinTech has changed financial inclusion in India, focusing on how it h... more This research looks at how FinTech has changed financial inclusion in India, focusing on how it has improved access to loans, insurance, savings, and sending money back to family and friends abroad. Even though there have been big steps forward, problems like limited internet access, digital literacy, regulatory hurdles, and a lack of funds are slowing its growth. The study looks at trends, problems, and possible futures by using secondary data from trustworthy sources. It says that India needs to keep coming up with new technologies, policies that help them, partnerships, and financial education programmes in order to use FinTech to close the financial inclusion gap and boost economic growth.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

COVID-19 pandemic was truly the striking booster for the surgical empowerment of Digital era and ... more COVID-19 pandemic was truly the striking booster for the surgical empowerment of Digital era and marketing. It revolutionized and transformed the B2B to B2C era. Although the awareness of Digital Marketing was buzzing in air before COVID-19, the visibility was certainly low. Few Top-rated brand corporates were progressively alert about its gravity-based largescale markets, big-size revenue, ensured that digital marketing would create a consumer-driven importance in a way ahead of bridging effective communication between consumers and businesses. Remote-and Hybrid working was the ultimatum in bringing more Online Business to the Marketing Managers onboard. The global consumers were highly influenced by trending digital campaigns and contents popped out on popular social digital platforms. Due to insufficient budget, startups were the first-time game changing players in markets who incessantly fought against all odds facing while developing the software on-demand. Extreme programming and Kanban made things possible and finally experts built viable interface for supporting efficient online infra through consumer-friendly apps and websites. The business corpus was entirely into online campaigns and held onto "Everything's just ONLINE." The data shows that out of many challenges, during the phase of COVID-19, 59% of some listed companies fueled their efforts on solving problems in areas of digital marketing and 66% of them finished of the task waiting for an ONLINE world that never was before. POST-COVID was full of new wave excitement, unlimited opportunities piled up for skilled digital marketers and service providers. The hiring process of these skilled content creators, digital marketing managers and online advertisers was just a culture shock in the new age digital era, however, "everything's just Online" is the outstanding local to global trend in continuing.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

In order to develop a complete advertising strategy that more effectively engages, communicates, ... more In order to develop a complete advertising strategy that more effectively engages, communicates, markets, and sells to consumers in a world where technology continues to evolve, hybrid marketing combines traditional and digital marketing approaches. The organization needs to have a hybrid overall marketing plan from a strategic point of view. This essentially means that while creating your plan, consider traditional as well as digital ways of thinking. Although embracing a hybrid marketing attitude will require intentional work at first, creating a hybrid marketing plan will become routine to you in time, particularly if you have more experience with one kind of marketing than the other. When designing a digital product, take into account how the consumer experience might be strengthened by offline connections. Likewise, in the process of generating an offline good or service, utilize the benefits of digital platforms and channels to improve consumer transaction speed, ease, and productivity. Similar offline and online channels are used by communication and equity in brands, but at various points in the customer journey, to engage and interact with customers. Digital advertising cannot reach and engage clients in the exact same manner as offline media. Using the best resources that turn out to be the most successful and generate the biggest return on investment is known as hybrid marketing. Some of the most effective hybrid advertising strategies are listed in this article.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

The impact of Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) practices on the operational results of ... more The impact of Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) practices on the operational results of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) is investigated in this research paper. Optimizing performance via strategic HR management practices is essential since NGOs have particular problems in resource allocation and human capital management. Using a sample of 150 respondents from diverse NGOs, the study uses quantitative data analysis to evaluate the impact of SHRM on organizational commitment, employee happiness, and operational efficiency. The results show that implementing SHRM practices significantly improves operational outcomes, indicating that NGOs may increase their efficacy and sustainability by implementing strategic HR initiatives.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

The present research studies tries to attempt and explore the prominent area of investing which i... more The present research studies tries to attempt and explore the prominent area of investing which is related to determining the factors which have their impact on individual retail investors choices in equity securities which is based on the established principles since long in behavior finance. This is a field which has gain prominent significance over last past few years rather few decades. This approach has challenged the conventional hypothesis of investor rationality as theorized by EMH-Efficient Market Hypothesis. Seminal works by eminent scholars like Daniel Kahneman, Richard Thaaler and Amos Tversky have very well demonstrated that the major factors that influence the financial decision making are perceptive biases and emotional reactions. The purpose of this research study is to encompass the pre-established body of knowledge by identification, examination and analysis of certain emotional and cognitive biases like perception, risk factor, loss aversion, overconfidence, herd behavior that impact individuals while taking the decisions of investing specifically in equity markets. The research has used both quantitative survey method and qualitative interviews for examining the impact on decision making. The demographic factors and psychological characteristics of the investors and equally seek to discover how the two influence the behaviour of investors. Furthermore, this article aims at providing an outline of the related empirical literature and considering the behaviour of the investors and the psychological properties which in this attempt tries to establish whether investors behave rationally in their decisionmaking processes or whether their decisions are influenced by their sentiments or other psychology factors. Descriptive research methodology was adopted in the present research studies. Non-probability sampling technique i.e purposive sampling was used and around 120 responses were collected from retail individual investors in Pune District. The outcome of this research highlighted how the variables defined in behavioral factors have led to deviations from taking rational decisions which often result in suboptimal investment consequences.

Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2024

In this era of rapid technological advancement, the use of digital payments is booming. It is one... more In this era of rapid technological advancement, the use of digital payments is booming. It is one of the key measures being promoted by the government under the 'Digital India' campaign to move toward a cashless economy. Digital payments are made through online platforms using electronic media, eliminating the need for physical cash, and enabling people to handle transactions quickly and easily. The government's goal is to create a digitally empowered economy that is faceless, paperless, and cashless. With the rapid growth of internet access and smartphone usage, more people now have the tools to make digital payments. Mobile wallets, apps, and payment platforms have become widely accessible, and digital payments can be made both online and in physical locations. For example, if you buy something from Myntra and pay via UPI, that qualifies as a digital payment. Similarly, if you visit a restaurant and, instead of paying with cash or a card, scan a QR code at the cashier using an app like Google Pay or PhonePe, and complete the transaction through UPI, it is also considered a digital payment since the money is transferred electronically without physical cash. This study investigates whether the importance of digital payments has grown significantly between the pre-COVID and post-COVID periods. A two-sample means test was conducted using survey responses from finance managers at 100 companies in Pune. The findings indicate a notable increase in the importance of digital payments during the COVID-19 period.