Prof. Titus S Ibekwe - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Prof. Titus S Ibekwe
The journal of contemporary dental practice, Jan 15, 2005
To assess the emotional effects of malocclusion among Nigerian orthodontic patients. A questionna... more To assess the emotional effects of malocclusion among Nigerian orthodontic patients. A questionnaire survey. A questionnaire was completed by 221 Nigerian orthodontic patients undergoing routine orthodontic care at the Orthodontic Unit, Department of Preventive Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan and the Department of Child Dental Health, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, both in South-West Nigeria. The participants were comprised of 97 (43%) males and 124 (56.1%) females with age range of 6-40 years (mean age, 13.82 +/- 8.01 SD). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. About 44% of all participants had not yet accepted their malocclusions, while 56.6% of all subjects reported for orthodontic care due to aesthetic reasons. Twenty-seven percent of the subjects were depressed the first time they notice their malocclusions. Over 40% of the participants reported feeling less confident as a result of their malocclusions and about 55% of th...
Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences, 2016
Migraine is a chronic episodic disorder that is still under-diagnosed and undertreated. A rapid d... more Migraine is a chronic episodic disorder that is still under-diagnosed and undertreated. A rapid diagnostic method is desirable so that treatment can be initiated early. We compared the 3-question headache screen with the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria in the diagnosis of migraine among Nigerians. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, 1513 respondents were screened for migraine using both the IHS criteria and the 3-question headache screen. A statistical comparison of the two diagnostic methods was then done by determination of kappa coefficient, sensitivity and specificity. The prevalence of migraine obtained using the IHS criteria was 9.6% (95% CI, 8.1%-11.1%) while it was 8.3% (95% CI, 8.1%-8.5%) with the use of the 3-question headache screen. There was a good agreement between the IHS criteria and the 3-question headache screen (k=0.68, p<0.001). The 3-question headache screen had a sensitivity of 66.2% (95% CI, 58.5%-73.9%), specificity of 97.8% (95% CI, 97.0%-98.6%), positive predictive value of 76.2% (95% CI, 68.8%-83.6%) and a negative predictive value of 96.5% (95% CI, 95.5%-97.5%). The 3-question headache screen is sensitive and specific in making a rapid diagnosis of migraine among Nigerians. Its use is thus encouraged so that appropriate management of the condition can be initiated early in order to reduce associated disability.
Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene, Jan 29, 2015
Noise is a global occupational and environmental health hazard with considerable social and physi... more Noise is a global occupational and environmental health hazard with considerable social and physiological impact and therefore, the need for regular measurements to boost monitoring and regulations of environmental noise levels in our communities. This necessitates a readily available, inexpensive and easy to use noise measuring device. We aimed to test the sensitivity and validity of mobile "smart "phones for this purpose. This was a comparative analysis of a cross sectional study done between January 2014 and February 2015. Noise levels were measured simultaneously at different locations within Abuja Nigeria at day and night hours in real time environments. A sound level meter(SLM) [Extech407730 Digital Soundmeter, Serial no:2310135,calibration no:91037] and three smartphones (Samsung Galaxy note3; Nokia S and Techno Phantom Z running on Android "Apps" Androidboy1) were used. Statistical calculations were done with Pearson correlation, T-test and Consistency wi...
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2015
Noise is a global occupational and environmental health hazard with considerable social and physi... more Noise is a global occupational and environmental health hazard with considerable social and physiological impact and therefore, the need for regular measurements to boost monitoring and regulations of environmental noise levels in our communities. This necessitates a readily available, inexpensive and easy to use noise measuring device. We aimed to test the sensitivity and validity of mobile "smart "phones for this purpose. This was a comparative analysis of a cross sectional study done between January 2014 and February 2015. Noise levels were measured simultaneously at different locations within Abuja Nigeria at day and night hours in real time environments. A sound level meter(SLM) [Extech407730 Digital Soundmeter, Serial no:2310135,calibration no:91037] and three smartphones (Samsung Galaxy note3; Nokia S and Techno Phantom Z running on Android "Apps" Androidboy1) were used. Statistical calculations were done with Pearson correlation, T-test and Consistency within American National Standards Institute(ANSI) acceptable standard errors. Noise level readings for both daytime and night with the Sound Level Meter and mobile phone showed equivalent values. All level meters measured were <100dB. The daytime readings were nearly identical in six (6) locations and the maximum difference in values between the two instruments was 3db, noted in two (2) locations. Readings in dBA showed strong correlation(r = 0.9) within acceptable error limits for Type 2 SLM devices and no significant difference in the values (p ? 0.12 & 0.58) for both day and night. Sensitivity of the instrument yielded 92.9%. The androidboy1 "app" performance in this study showed a good correlation and comparative high sensitivity to the Standard Sound Level Meter (type 2 SLM device). However there is the need for further studies.
Otology & Neurotology, 2015
Cochlear implantation and deaf education are cost effective in Sub-Saharan Africa. Cost effective... more Cochlear implantation and deaf education are cost effective in Sub-Saharan Africa. Cost effectiveness of pediatric cochlear implantation has been well established in developed countries but is unknown in low resource settings, where access to the technology has traditionally been limited. With incidence of severe-to-profound congenital sensorineural hearing loss 5 to 6 times higher in low/middle-income countries than the United States and Europe, developing cost-effective management strategies in these settings is critical. Costs were obtained from experts in Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda, and Malawi using known costs and published data, with estimation when necessary. A disability adjusted life years (DALY) model was applied using 3% discounting and 10-year length of analysis. Sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of device cost, professional salaries, annual number of implants, and probability of device failure. Cost effectiveness was determined using the WHO standard of cost-effectiveness ratio/gross domestic product per capita (CER/GDP) less than 3. Cochlear implantation was cost effective in South Africa and Nigeria, with CER/GDP of 1.03 and 2.05, respectively. Deaf education was cost effective in all countries investigated, with CER/GDP ranging from 0.55 to 1.56. The most influential factor in the sensitivity analysis was device cost, with the cost-effective threshold reached in all countries using discounted device costs that varied directly with GDP. Cochlear implantation and deaf education are equally cost effective in lower-middle and upper-middle income economies of Nigeria and South Africa. Device cost may have greater impact in the emerging economies of Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Malawi.
Ear, nose, & throat journal, 2008
We conducted a study to determine how accurate various ENT specialists were in estimating the siz... more We conducted a study to determine how accurate various ENT specialists were in estimating the size of 100 tympanic membrane (TM) perforations with standard otoscopy. The specialists included, in descending order of rank, 2 Consultant Surgeons, 2 Senior Registrars, and 2 Registrars, all of whom had confirmed good vision. We compared their estimates, which were made independently and expressed as a percentage of the total area of the TM, with exact measurements calculated with computer-based video-otoscopy. We found that the video-otoscopic calculations were far superior to the estimates of the specialists, even the most experienced Consultants (p < 0.01). We recommend that video-otoscopy be used whenever possible.
Journal of the National Medical Association, 2008
Some variants of migraine could be indistinguishable from Meniere's disease, and this has pro... more Some variants of migraine could be indistinguishable from Meniere's disease, and this has prompted suggestions of possible association between the two disease entities. This study aims at determining the prevalence of migraine among Meniere's patients and a possible linkage between the two diseases in our environment. A 10-year retrospective study of patients diagnosed with Meniere's disease using American Academy of Otorhinolaryngology criteria, including those that had associated migranous symptoms in accordance with the International Headache Society (IHS) diagnostic criteria for migraine, between 1996 and 2005. The prevalence of migraine in the Meniere's patients was also compared with lifetime prevalence recorded from a previous population-based study within the same setting. The statistical difference was tested with a Z nonparametric test (significance at P < 0.05). Epicalc2000 and SPSS 11 were used for the statistical analysis. A total of 25 patients repre...
Nigerian Journal of Medicine, 2007
Infection within the retropharyngeal space could progress on to an abscess formation resulting in... more Infection within the retropharyngeal space could progress on to an abscess formation resulting into retropharyngeal abscess (RPA), which can either be acute or chronic. RPA can be a life-threatening emergency, with potential for airway compromise and other catastrophic complications. This review is aimed at highlighting our experience with patients with a diagnosis of retropharyngeal abscess. Retrospective review of thirty patients with a confirmed diagnosis of retropharyngeal abscess, who were admitted and managed within an eleven-year period (1993 to 2003) in the Otolaryngology department of the University College Hospital Ibadan. There were fifteen males and females each with M:F ratio of 1:1, consisting of twenty-five children and five adults and their median age was 21 months and twenty three (77%) were younger than 5 years. It was observed that while the adult patients presented early for specialist treatment, the paediatric patients presented late. The major complaints were fever (87%), respiratory distress or stridor (57%), cough (53%), neck pain/swelling (43%), and refusal of feeds (30%). Other minor complaints were throat pain, difficulty in swallowing, anorexia, and weight loss. The commonest associated symptoms seen especially among the younger age group were nasal discharge, nasal blockage, tooth-ache, snoring and limitation of neck movement. The treatment of retropharyngeal space infections in children and adults should include accurate clinical diagnosis, empirical usage of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and timely surgical drainage.
Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery, 2012
International Journal of Neuroscience, 2012
The clinical diagnosis of migraine-associated vertigo may be difficult because it shares features... more The clinical diagnosis of migraine-associated vertigo may be difficult because it shares features with some other clinical conditions. This communication presents a systematic review on the epidemiology and theories of pathophysiology of migraine-associated vertigo and its distinguishing features from peripheral vestibular disorders. We searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and Google scholar for all the studies on migraine-associated vertigo published in English language between 1966 and 2010. Their references were also reviewed for completion. Data from the studies were independently extracted and assessed by the three authors using standardized data forms. There was consensus between the authors on the studies in this review that met the criteria. Forty-five studies were identified and independently assessed based on the objectives of the study by the authors. All the studies discussed on the epidemiology of the migraine-associated vertigo, six discussed on the pathophysiology, while differential diagnosis were documented in thirty-two studies. In conclusion, migraine-associated vertigo is a global distinct disease entity that can be clinically distinguished from peripheral vestibular disorders. Abstinence from trigger factors remains imperative in the control, whereas some medications have been found useful in the management.
International Archives of Medicine, 2012
The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2012
African Journal of Paediatric Surgery, 2013
Tonsillectomy, a common paediatric otolaryngology procedure, has undergone several evolutionary t... more Tonsillectomy, a common paediatric otolaryngology procedure, has undergone several evolutionary trends in the surgical techniques aimed at minimizing complications and improving patients&amp;amp;amp;#39; satisfaction. Despite the technological advancements in this respect, search for an ideal method is still ongoing, and some authorities are reverting back to the conventional methods. We wish to introduce the &amp;amp;amp;quot;Vasoconstrictive hydrolytic cold dissection&amp;amp;amp;quot; (VHCD) method. The VHCD method was described, and the outcome measures in one hundred and thirty-five patients who had the procedures were presented in . Data entrance was done with SPSS 14. A total 135 patients comprising of 107 children aged 1-12 years and 28 adolescents/adults aged 14-52 years were operated upon using the VHCD between March 2009 and July 2012 by the same teams of Surgeons and Anaesthetists. The average surgical time and blood volume losses were 15 minutes and 5 mls for children and 12 mins and 10 mls for adults/adolescents, respectively. There was a single case (0.7%) of post-tonsillar bleed (reactionary haemorrhage). The rest (99.3%) recorded nil haemorrhage within and beyond first 2 weeks post-surgery. Surgeons used to other techniques of tonsillectomies may not revert to the cold steel; however, those practicing CSM will benefit from VHCD. We hereby recommend this simple, cost-effective modification of the cold steel tonsillectomy, which appears to have made dissection easier and also minimizes haemorrhage, a common complication of tonsillectomy surgery. It is timely in the advent of increased advocacy towards reversal to the conventional method of tonsillectomy. A randomized control trial is required for further evaluation of this method.
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2011
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2008
Journal of Medical Case Reports, 2009
Lassa fever is an acute arena viral haemorrhagic fever with varied neurological sequelae. Sensori... more Lassa fever is an acute arena viral haemorrhagic fever with varied neurological sequelae. Sensorineural hearing loss is one of the rare complications which occur usually during the convalescent stage of the infection. The cases of two female patients aged 19 and 43 years old, respectively, with clinical features suggestive of Lassa fever and confirmed by immunoserological/Lassa-virus-specific reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction are presented. Both patients developed severe sensorineural hearing loss at acute phases of the infections. Sensorineural hearing loss from Lassa fever infections can occur in both acute and convalescent stages and is probably induced by an immune response.
The Pan African medical journal, 2012
Today Lassa fever is mainly a disease of the developing world, however several imported cases hav... more Today Lassa fever is mainly a disease of the developing world, however several imported cases have been reported in different parts of the world and there are growing concerns of the potentials of Lassa fever Virus as a biological weapon. Yet no tangible solution to this problem has been developed nearly half a decade after its identification. Hence, the paper is aimed at appraising the problems associated with LAF illness; the challenges in curbing the epidemic and recommendations on important focal points. A Review based on the documents from the EFAS conference 2011 and literature search on PubMed, Scopus and Science direct. The retrieval of relevant papers was via the University of British Columbia and University of Toronto Libraries. The two major search engines returned 61 and 920 articles respectively. Out of these, the final 26 articles that met the criteria were selected. Relevant information on epidemiology, burden of management and control were obtained. Prompt and effect...
Nigerian Medical Journal, 2012
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a mechanical peripheral vestibular disorder which ... more Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a mechanical peripheral vestibular disorder which may involve any of the three semicircular canals but principally the posterior. In as much as the literature has described theories to explain the mechanism of BPPV and also contains scholarly works that elucidate BPPV; its management remains an enigma to most clinicians. To this end, this work was aimed at outlining an evidence-based best practice for most common form of BPPV. A systematic review of the literature was conducted between 1948 and June 2011 in PubMed, Embase, Ovid, and Cochrane database through the online Library of the University of Cape Town. Seventy-nine worthy articles that addressed the study were selected on consensus of the two authors. There is consensus for the use of canalith repositioning procedures as the best form of treatment for posterior canal canalolithiasis. However, successful treatment is dependent on accurate identification of the implicated canal and the form of lithiasis. Furthermore, clinicians should note that there is no place for pharmacological treatment of BPPV; unless it is to facilitate repositioning.
African journal of paediatric surgery : AJPS
This was a meta-analysis and systematic review to determine the global prevalence of the mitochon... more This was a meta-analysis and systematic review to determine the global prevalence of the mitochondrially encoded 12S RNA (MT-RNR1) genetic mutation in order to assess the need for neonatal screening prior to aminoglycoside therapy. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Ovid, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effect, Cochrane Library, Clinical Evidence and Cochrane Central Register of Trials was performed including cross-referencing independently by 2 assessors. Selections were restricted to human studies in English. Meta-analysis was done with MetaXL 2013. Forty-five papers out of 295 met the criteria. Pooled prevalence in the general population for MT-RNR1 gene mutations (A1555G, C1494T, A7445G) was 2% (1-4%) at 99%. Routine screening for MT-RNR1 mutations in the general population prior to treatment with aminoglycosides appear desirable but poorly supported by the weak level of evidence available in the literature. Routine screening in high-risk (Chinese and Spanish) popula...
The journal of contemporary dental practice, Jan 15, 2005
To assess the emotional effects of malocclusion among Nigerian orthodontic patients. A questionna... more To assess the emotional effects of malocclusion among Nigerian orthodontic patients. A questionnaire survey. A questionnaire was completed by 221 Nigerian orthodontic patients undergoing routine orthodontic care at the Orthodontic Unit, Department of Preventive Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan and the Department of Child Dental Health, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, both in South-West Nigeria. The participants were comprised of 97 (43%) males and 124 (56.1%) females with age range of 6-40 years (mean age, 13.82 +/- 8.01 SD). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. About 44% of all participants had not yet accepted their malocclusions, while 56.6% of all subjects reported for orthodontic care due to aesthetic reasons. Twenty-seven percent of the subjects were depressed the first time they notice their malocclusions. Over 40% of the participants reported feeling less confident as a result of their malocclusions and about 55% of th...
Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences, 2016
Migraine is a chronic episodic disorder that is still under-diagnosed and undertreated. A rapid d... more Migraine is a chronic episodic disorder that is still under-diagnosed and undertreated. A rapid diagnostic method is desirable so that treatment can be initiated early. We compared the 3-question headache screen with the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria in the diagnosis of migraine among Nigerians. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, 1513 respondents were screened for migraine using both the IHS criteria and the 3-question headache screen. A statistical comparison of the two diagnostic methods was then done by determination of kappa coefficient, sensitivity and specificity. The prevalence of migraine obtained using the IHS criteria was 9.6% (95% CI, 8.1%-11.1%) while it was 8.3% (95% CI, 8.1%-8.5%) with the use of the 3-question headache screen. There was a good agreement between the IHS criteria and the 3-question headache screen (k=0.68, p&amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001). The 3-question headache screen had a sensitivity of 66.2% (95% CI, 58.5%-73.9%), specificity of 97.8% (95% CI, 97.0%-98.6%), positive predictive value of 76.2% (95% CI, 68.8%-83.6%) and a negative predictive value of 96.5% (95% CI, 95.5%-97.5%). The 3-question headache screen is sensitive and specific in making a rapid diagnosis of migraine among Nigerians. Its use is thus encouraged so that appropriate management of the condition can be initiated early in order to reduce associated disability.
Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene, Jan 29, 2015
Noise is a global occupational and environmental health hazard with considerable social and physi... more Noise is a global occupational and environmental health hazard with considerable social and physiological impact and therefore, the need for regular measurements to boost monitoring and regulations of environmental noise levels in our communities. This necessitates a readily available, inexpensive and easy to use noise measuring device. We aimed to test the sensitivity and validity of mobile "smart "phones for this purpose. This was a comparative analysis of a cross sectional study done between January 2014 and February 2015. Noise levels were measured simultaneously at different locations within Abuja Nigeria at day and night hours in real time environments. A sound level meter(SLM) [Extech407730 Digital Soundmeter, Serial no:2310135,calibration no:91037] and three smartphones (Samsung Galaxy note3; Nokia S and Techno Phantom Z running on Android "Apps" Androidboy1) were used. Statistical calculations were done with Pearson correlation, T-test and Consistency wi...
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2015
Noise is a global occupational and environmental health hazard with considerable social and physi... more Noise is a global occupational and environmental health hazard with considerable social and physiological impact and therefore, the need for regular measurements to boost monitoring and regulations of environmental noise levels in our communities. This necessitates a readily available, inexpensive and easy to use noise measuring device. We aimed to test the sensitivity and validity of mobile &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;smart &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;phones for this purpose. This was a comparative analysis of a cross sectional study done between January 2014 and February 2015. Noise levels were measured simultaneously at different locations within Abuja Nigeria at day and night hours in real time environments. A sound level meter(SLM) [Extech407730 Digital Soundmeter, Serial no:2310135,calibration no:91037] and three smartphones (Samsung Galaxy note3; Nokia S and Techno Phantom Z running on Android &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Apps&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Androidboy1) were used. Statistical calculations were done with Pearson correlation, T-test and Consistency within American National Standards Institute(ANSI) acceptable standard errors. Noise level readings for both daytime and night with the Sound Level Meter and mobile phone showed equivalent values. All level meters measured were &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;100dB. The daytime readings were nearly identical in six (6) locations and the maximum difference in values between the two instruments was 3db, noted in two (2) locations. Readings in dBA showed strong correlation(r = 0.9) within acceptable error limits for Type 2 SLM devices and no significant difference in the values (p ? 0.12 &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; 0.58) for both day and night. Sensitivity of the instrument yielded 92.9%. The androidboy1 &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;app&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; performance in this study showed a good correlation and comparative high sensitivity to the Standard Sound Level Meter (type 2 SLM device). However there is the need for further studies.
Otology & Neurotology, 2015
Cochlear implantation and deaf education are cost effective in Sub-Saharan Africa. Cost effective... more Cochlear implantation and deaf education are cost effective in Sub-Saharan Africa. Cost effectiveness of pediatric cochlear implantation has been well established in developed countries but is unknown in low resource settings, where access to the technology has traditionally been limited. With incidence of severe-to-profound congenital sensorineural hearing loss 5 to 6 times higher in low/middle-income countries than the United States and Europe, developing cost-effective management strategies in these settings is critical. Costs were obtained from experts in Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda, and Malawi using known costs and published data, with estimation when necessary. A disability adjusted life years (DALY) model was applied using 3% discounting and 10-year length of analysis. Sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of device cost, professional salaries, annual number of implants, and probability of device failure. Cost effectiveness was determined using the WHO standard of cost-effectiveness ratio/gross domestic product per capita (CER/GDP) less than 3. Cochlear implantation was cost effective in South Africa and Nigeria, with CER/GDP of 1.03 and 2.05, respectively. Deaf education was cost effective in all countries investigated, with CER/GDP ranging from 0.55 to 1.56. The most influential factor in the sensitivity analysis was device cost, with the cost-effective threshold reached in all countries using discounted device costs that varied directly with GDP. Cochlear implantation and deaf education are equally cost effective in lower-middle and upper-middle income economies of Nigeria and South Africa. Device cost may have greater impact in the emerging economies of Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Malawi.
Ear, nose, & throat journal, 2008
We conducted a study to determine how accurate various ENT specialists were in estimating the siz... more We conducted a study to determine how accurate various ENT specialists were in estimating the size of 100 tympanic membrane (TM) perforations with standard otoscopy. The specialists included, in descending order of rank, 2 Consultant Surgeons, 2 Senior Registrars, and 2 Registrars, all of whom had confirmed good vision. We compared their estimates, which were made independently and expressed as a percentage of the total area of the TM, with exact measurements calculated with computer-based video-otoscopy. We found that the video-otoscopic calculations were far superior to the estimates of the specialists, even the most experienced Consultants (p < 0.01). We recommend that video-otoscopy be used whenever possible.
Journal of the National Medical Association, 2008
Some variants of migraine could be indistinguishable from Meniere's disease, and this has pro... more Some variants of migraine could be indistinguishable from Meniere's disease, and this has prompted suggestions of possible association between the two disease entities. This study aims at determining the prevalence of migraine among Meniere's patients and a possible linkage between the two diseases in our environment. A 10-year retrospective study of patients diagnosed with Meniere's disease using American Academy of Otorhinolaryngology criteria, including those that had associated migranous symptoms in accordance with the International Headache Society (IHS) diagnostic criteria for migraine, between 1996 and 2005. The prevalence of migraine in the Meniere's patients was also compared with lifetime prevalence recorded from a previous population-based study within the same setting. The statistical difference was tested with a Z nonparametric test (significance at P < 0.05). Epicalc2000 and SPSS 11 were used for the statistical analysis. A total of 25 patients repre...
Nigerian Journal of Medicine, 2007
Infection within the retropharyngeal space could progress on to an abscess formation resulting in... more Infection within the retropharyngeal space could progress on to an abscess formation resulting into retropharyngeal abscess (RPA), which can either be acute or chronic. RPA can be a life-threatening emergency, with potential for airway compromise and other catastrophic complications. This review is aimed at highlighting our experience with patients with a diagnosis of retropharyngeal abscess. Retrospective review of thirty patients with a confirmed diagnosis of retropharyngeal abscess, who were admitted and managed within an eleven-year period (1993 to 2003) in the Otolaryngology department of the University College Hospital Ibadan. There were fifteen males and females each with M:F ratio of 1:1, consisting of twenty-five children and five adults and their median age was 21 months and twenty three (77%) were younger than 5 years. It was observed that while the adult patients presented early for specialist treatment, the paediatric patients presented late. The major complaints were fever (87%), respiratory distress or stridor (57%), cough (53%), neck pain/swelling (43%), and refusal of feeds (30%). Other minor complaints were throat pain, difficulty in swallowing, anorexia, and weight loss. The commonest associated symptoms seen especially among the younger age group were nasal discharge, nasal blockage, tooth-ache, snoring and limitation of neck movement. The treatment of retropharyngeal space infections in children and adults should include accurate clinical diagnosis, empirical usage of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and timely surgical drainage.
Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery, 2012
International Journal of Neuroscience, 2012
The clinical diagnosis of migraine-associated vertigo may be difficult because it shares features... more The clinical diagnosis of migraine-associated vertigo may be difficult because it shares features with some other clinical conditions. This communication presents a systematic review on the epidemiology and theories of pathophysiology of migraine-associated vertigo and its distinguishing features from peripheral vestibular disorders. We searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and Google scholar for all the studies on migraine-associated vertigo published in English language between 1966 and 2010. Their references were also reviewed for completion. Data from the studies were independently extracted and assessed by the three authors using standardized data forms. There was consensus between the authors on the studies in this review that met the criteria. Forty-five studies were identified and independently assessed based on the objectives of the study by the authors. All the studies discussed on the epidemiology of the migraine-associated vertigo, six discussed on the pathophysiology, while differential diagnosis were documented in thirty-two studies. In conclusion, migraine-associated vertigo is a global distinct disease entity that can be clinically distinguished from peripheral vestibular disorders. Abstinence from trigger factors remains imperative in the control, whereas some medications have been found useful in the management.
International Archives of Medicine, 2012
The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2012
African Journal of Paediatric Surgery, 2013
Tonsillectomy, a common paediatric otolaryngology procedure, has undergone several evolutionary t... more Tonsillectomy, a common paediatric otolaryngology procedure, has undergone several evolutionary trends in the surgical techniques aimed at minimizing complications and improving patients&amp;amp;amp;#39; satisfaction. Despite the technological advancements in this respect, search for an ideal method is still ongoing, and some authorities are reverting back to the conventional methods. We wish to introduce the &amp;amp;amp;quot;Vasoconstrictive hydrolytic cold dissection&amp;amp;amp;quot; (VHCD) method. The VHCD method was described, and the outcome measures in one hundred and thirty-five patients who had the procedures were presented in . Data entrance was done with SPSS 14. A total 135 patients comprising of 107 children aged 1-12 years and 28 adolescents/adults aged 14-52 years were operated upon using the VHCD between March 2009 and July 2012 by the same teams of Surgeons and Anaesthetists. The average surgical time and blood volume losses were 15 minutes and 5 mls for children and 12 mins and 10 mls for adults/adolescents, respectively. There was a single case (0.7%) of post-tonsillar bleed (reactionary haemorrhage). The rest (99.3%) recorded nil haemorrhage within and beyond first 2 weeks post-surgery. Surgeons used to other techniques of tonsillectomies may not revert to the cold steel; however, those practicing CSM will benefit from VHCD. We hereby recommend this simple, cost-effective modification of the cold steel tonsillectomy, which appears to have made dissection easier and also minimizes haemorrhage, a common complication of tonsillectomy surgery. It is timely in the advent of increased advocacy towards reversal to the conventional method of tonsillectomy. A randomized control trial is required for further evaluation of this method.
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2011
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2008
Journal of Medical Case Reports, 2009
Lassa fever is an acute arena viral haemorrhagic fever with varied neurological sequelae. Sensori... more Lassa fever is an acute arena viral haemorrhagic fever with varied neurological sequelae. Sensorineural hearing loss is one of the rare complications which occur usually during the convalescent stage of the infection. The cases of two female patients aged 19 and 43 years old, respectively, with clinical features suggestive of Lassa fever and confirmed by immunoserological/Lassa-virus-specific reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction are presented. Both patients developed severe sensorineural hearing loss at acute phases of the infections. Sensorineural hearing loss from Lassa fever infections can occur in both acute and convalescent stages and is probably induced by an immune response.
The Pan African medical journal, 2012
Today Lassa fever is mainly a disease of the developing world, however several imported cases hav... more Today Lassa fever is mainly a disease of the developing world, however several imported cases have been reported in different parts of the world and there are growing concerns of the potentials of Lassa fever Virus as a biological weapon. Yet no tangible solution to this problem has been developed nearly half a decade after its identification. Hence, the paper is aimed at appraising the problems associated with LAF illness; the challenges in curbing the epidemic and recommendations on important focal points. A Review based on the documents from the EFAS conference 2011 and literature search on PubMed, Scopus and Science direct. The retrieval of relevant papers was via the University of British Columbia and University of Toronto Libraries. The two major search engines returned 61 and 920 articles respectively. Out of these, the final 26 articles that met the criteria were selected. Relevant information on epidemiology, burden of management and control were obtained. Prompt and effect...
Nigerian Medical Journal, 2012
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a mechanical peripheral vestibular disorder which ... more Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a mechanical peripheral vestibular disorder which may involve any of the three semicircular canals but principally the posterior. In as much as the literature has described theories to explain the mechanism of BPPV and also contains scholarly works that elucidate BPPV; its management remains an enigma to most clinicians. To this end, this work was aimed at outlining an evidence-based best practice for most common form of BPPV. A systematic review of the literature was conducted between 1948 and June 2011 in PubMed, Embase, Ovid, and Cochrane database through the online Library of the University of Cape Town. Seventy-nine worthy articles that addressed the study were selected on consensus of the two authors. There is consensus for the use of canalith repositioning procedures as the best form of treatment for posterior canal canalolithiasis. However, successful treatment is dependent on accurate identification of the implicated canal and the form of lithiasis. Furthermore, clinicians should note that there is no place for pharmacological treatment of BPPV; unless it is to facilitate repositioning.
African journal of paediatric surgery : AJPS
This was a meta-analysis and systematic review to determine the global prevalence of the mitochon... more This was a meta-analysis and systematic review to determine the global prevalence of the mitochondrially encoded 12S RNA (MT-RNR1) genetic mutation in order to assess the need for neonatal screening prior to aminoglycoside therapy. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Ovid, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effect, Cochrane Library, Clinical Evidence and Cochrane Central Register of Trials was performed including cross-referencing independently by 2 assessors. Selections were restricted to human studies in English. Meta-analysis was done with MetaXL 2013. Forty-five papers out of 295 met the criteria. Pooled prevalence in the general population for MT-RNR1 gene mutations (A1555G, C1494T, A7445G) was 2% (1-4%) at 99%. Routine screening for MT-RNR1 mutations in the general population prior to treatment with aminoglycosides appear desirable but poorly supported by the weak level of evidence available in the literature. Routine screening in high-risk (Chinese and Spanish) popula...