Raina Wati - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Raina Wati
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
The existence of Dryobalanops sumatrensis and D. oblongifolia subsp. oblongifolia in Indonesia’s ... more The existence of Dryobalanops sumatrensis and D. oblongifolia subsp. oblongifolia in Indonesia’s natural forest is increasingly threatened due to land use changes and illegal logging leading to the urgent need of conservation actions in the field. Vegetative propagation by shoot cuttings has been proposed as an alternative method, yet there have been still lacks of information regarding the suitable rooting media and the use of shoots from saplings as cutting materials. This study was to evaluate the survival rate, rooting and shoot sprouting abilites of D. sumatrensis and D. oblongifolia subsp. oblongifolia on two different media (mineral soil and peat). Saplings of the D. sumatrensis aged older than 7 years old and D. oblongifolia subsp. oblongifolia aged less than 2 years old were used as cutting materials. The results showed that the survival rate of D. sumatrensis in peat (43.75%) and mineral soil media (43.75%) was lower than D. oblongifolia subsp. oblongifolia in for peat med...
Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences
Objectives This study investigated the effects of a human ZP3 monoclonal antibody (mAb hZP3) on t... more Objectives This study investigated the effects of a human ZP3 monoclonal antibody (mAb hZP3) on the expression of growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) and number of theca cells in the ovaries of mice (Mus musculus). Methods Our study employed a true experiment posttest-only control group design of 48 mice that were divided into the control and three mAb hZP3-treatment groups (20, 40, and 60 μg). Mice in each group were terminated on days 10, 15, and 20. GDF-9 expression was measured by immunohistochemistry and the number of theca cells was counted. Results Analysis of the effects of mAb hZP3 (at 20–60 μg) on the expression of GDF-9 and amount of theca cells did not show significant differences. Similar findings were observed throughout the study period (at 10–20 days). Therefore, mAb hZP3 had no effect on GDF-9 expression and theca cells. Conclusion This study showed that mAb hZP3 can be considered to be an effective and safe immunocontraception.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Forestry and peat land including land-based is one of the critical sectors in the inventory of CO... more Forestry and peat land including land-based is one of the critical sectors in the inventory of CO 2 emissions and mitigation efforts of climate change. The present study analyzed the land-use and land-cover changes between 2006 and 2012 in North Sumatra, Indonesia with emphasis to CO 2 emissions. The land-use/land-cover consists of twenty-one classes. Redd Abacus software version 1.1.7 was used to measure carbon emission source as well as the predicted 2 carbon dioxide emissions from 2006-2024. Results showed that historical emission (2006-2012) in this province, significant increases in the intensive land use namely dry land agriculture (109.65%), paddy field (16.23%) and estate plantation (15.11%). On the other hand, land-cover for forest decreased significantly: secondary dry land forest (7.60%), secondary mangrove forest (9.03%), secondary swamp forest (33.98%), and the largest one in the mixed dry land agriculture (79.96%). The results indicated that North Sumatra province is still a CO 2 emitter, and the most important driver of emissions mostly derived from agricultural lands that contributed 2 carbon dioxide emissions by 48.8%, changing from forest areas into degraded lands (classified as barren land and shrub) shared 30.6% and estate plantation of 22.4%. Mitigation actions to reduce carbon emissions was proposed such as strengthening the forest land, rehabilitation of degraded area, development and plantation forest, forest protection and forest fire control, and reforestation and conservation activity. These mitigation actions have been simulated to reduce 15% for forestry and 18% for peat land, respectively. This data is likely to contribute to the low emission development in North Sumatra. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
This present study describes four mangrove seedlings namely Bruguiera cylindrica, B. sexangula, C... more This present study describes four mangrove seedlings namely Bruguiera cylindrica, B. sexangula, Ceriops tagal, and Rhizophora apiculata in response to salinity with particular emphasis to root development. The seedlings of four mangroves were grown for 5 months in 0%, 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 3.0% salt concentration. Salinity significantly decreased the growth (diameter and plant height) of all mangrove seedlings. Root developments were observed from the tap and lateral root. The number, length and diameter of both roots-typed of B. cylindrica, B. sexangula and C. tagal seedlings significantly decreased with increasing salt concentration with optimum development at 0.5% salinity. By contrast, the number, length, and diameter of tap root of R. apiculata seedlings were significantly enhanced by salt with maximal stimulation at 0.5%, and this increase was attenuated by increasing salinity. On the other hand, lateral root development of R. apiculata significantly thrived up to 1.5% salinity then decreasing with the increasing salinity. The different response of root development suggested valuable information for mangrove rehabilitation in North Sumatra and their adaption to withstand salt stress.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Deforestation and forest degradation have been previously reported to contributing greenhouse gas... more Deforestation and forest degradation have been previously reported to contributing greenhouse gas emission, the primary driver of global warming. The present paper studies deforestation and reforestation trend in North Sumatra, Indonesia using land-use/land-cover change from 1990-2015. The land-use consists of three classes derived from forest land (primary and secondary dry land forest, primary and secondary swamp forest, primary and secondary mangrove forest). Non-Forest (shrub, oil palm plantation, forest plantation, settlement, barren land, swamp shrub, dry land farming, mixed dry land farming, paddy field, aquaculture, airport, transmigration, and mining), and water body (water and swamp). Results showed that from 33 regencies/city in North Sumatra, among them, 25 districts deforested, which was the highest deforestation rate in Labuhanbatu and South Labuhanbatu (2,238.08 and 1,652.55 ha/year, respectively), only one area reforested, and seven districts showed no deforestation or reforestation. During 25 years observed, the forest has been deforested 22.92%, while nonforest has been increased 11.33% of land-use. The significant increasing loss of North Sumatran forest implies conservation efforts and developing sustainable forest management.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Mangrove forests in North Sumatera, Indonesia existed in the east coast of Sumatera Island and co... more Mangrove forests in North Sumatera, Indonesia existed in the east coast of Sumatera Island and commonly found in Serdang Bedagai, Deli Serdang, Batubara, Tanjung Balai, Asahan, Labuhanbatu until Langkat. The effect of rehabilitated mangrove on socio-cultural of Pulau Sembilan society, Langkat, North Sumatra, Indonesia was studied. The rehabilitation was carried on May 2015 using indirect planting of 2,100 Rhizophora apiculata seedlings. Two times of observations, May and August 2015 were made to monitor and evaluate 400 rehabilitated seedlings. Sixty of 600 households were surveyed using Slovin formula to obtain community perspective on the socio-cultural impact of mangrove rehabilitation. Results showed that the growth of R. apiculata seedlings were 73.3% during four months observations. The restoration affected 65, 58.3 and 35 % of economic, social, and cultural of Pulau Sembilan society, respectively. The perspective of community on the land-use change led to 66.7% was disagreed that mangroves to be converted, 60% respondents stated that mangrove condition was degraded even worse than previously existed. Therefore, to resolve the degraded mangrove, community perspective on rehabilitation was needed (85.5%) and actively involved (88.3%). The present results suggested that the high recommendation for a rehabilitation program for the degraded area was by integrating the stake holders (government, university, and non-governmental organization) and local communities count on the mangrove ecosystems.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Degraded mangrove areas can be restored and rehabilitated. In Indonesia, one of the main recommen... more Degraded mangrove areas can be restored and rehabilitated. In Indonesia, one of the main recommended of mangrove species for restoration of degraded was Rhizophora mucronata. The purpose of the study was to evaluate R. mucronata growth at first-year mangrove restoration at abandoned shrimp ponds, Pulau Sembilan village, Langkat, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The recovery area divided into three zones based on the salinity concentration, landward, middle, and seaward zones. The evaluation parameters of mangrove reforestation consist of seedling diameter and height, leaves number, and seedling growth rate. Results showed that 3 of 4 evaluation parameters of R. mucronata growth belong to landward zone, namely seedlings diameter, the number of leaves, and percentage of growth. By contrast, height R. mucronata seedlings dominated in the middle area. The study also found that the proper zone for mangrove restoration with R. mucronata was in the landward with 96% growth rate and 30 part per thousand salinity concentration. The present study, therefore, suggested that the recommended species for the degraded area was the prerequisite for successful mangrove restoration.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Molecular cloning of Kandelia candel KcMS gene has previously been cloned and encoded a multifunc... more Molecular cloning of Kandelia candel KcMS gene has previously been cloned and encoded a multifunctional triterpene synthase. In this study, the KcMS gene promoter was cloned through Genome walking, sequenced, and analyzed. A 1,358 bp genomic DNA fragment of KcMS promoter was obtained. PLACE and PlantCARE analysis of the KcMS promoter revealed that there was some regulatory elements in response to environmental signals and involved in the regulation of gene expression. Results showed that four kinds of elements are regulated by hormone binding, namely 2 MeJA-responsiveness elements (CGTCA-motif and TGACG-motif), the ABRE (TACGTG) involved in abscisic acid responsiveness, gibberellin-related GARE-motif (AAACAGA), and the TGA-element (AACGAC) as an auxin-responsive element. Several elements in the KcMS have been shown in other plants to be responsive to abiotic stress. These motifs were MBS (CAACTG), TC-rich repeats, and eight light responsive elements. The KcMS promoter was also involved in the activation of defense genes in plants such as HSE (AAAAAATTC) and four circadian control elements (CAANNNNATC). The presence of multipotential regulatory motifs suggested that KcMS may be involved in regulation of plant tolerance to several types of stresses.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Palm oil (E. guineensis) is one of the major commodity and contributing largely to non-petroleum ... more Palm oil (E. guineensis) is one of the major commodity and contributing largely to non-petroleum oil of Indonesian foreign exchange. E. guineensis has three fruit types, dura (female), pisifera (male), and tenera-a hybrid between dura and pisifera. Pisifera plays an important function in the production of seed oil palm. The purpose of this research is to analyze genetic diversity of pisifera type of E. guineensis from three populations, Yangambi, Lame and Lame further cross in Bangun Bandar, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Eighteen samples for each population were analyzed using six RAPD markers. Results showed that RAPD markers were low polymorphic with 1.49, 1.39, and 1.00 average number alleles detected for Yagambi, Lame, and Lame further cross, respectively. The level of genetic diversity detected for each population was 0.28, 0.22, and 0.21 for Yagambi, Lame, and Lame further cross, respectively, indicating that the populations had little genetic variation. The highest of polymorphic information content (PIC) was found on the P11 primer of Yangambi (0.49) and P10 primer for lame further cross (0.49). By contrast, the lowest PIC belongs to P21 for Lame population (0.01). This data is likely to contributing oil palm breeding.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
View the article online for updates and enhancements. Recent citations Bioinformatics analysis of... more View the article online for updates and enhancements. Recent citations Bioinformatics analysis of predicted Ganoderma boninense from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) M Basyuni et al
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
The main objective of this study was to analyse the ANIS of Livestock industry in West Sumatera a... more The main objective of this study was to analyse the ANIS of Livestock industry in West Sumatera according to its main determinants. This research aims to know and understand the maturity level of the regional innovationsystem of West Sumatra livestock industries , including recommendation for improvements. The maturity level of the regional innovation system was analyzed with the ANIS method by using an opinion survey to some experts from businessmen, government and universities. This expert opinion survey was conducted to measure expert perceptions on the implementations of determinants of west Sumatera regional innovations systems on livestock industries on macro level (innovations policy), mezzo level (innovation institutions and programs) and micro level (innovation capacity). By using Likert method, the result showed maturity level for the West Sumatra livestock industries innovation system was still develop. This is caused by low maturity in the macro and meso determinants which are at the central and regional government side. This research result may be useful as recommendations for the government for improving the maturity level and may be a basic for incoming researches to identify regional innovation system determinants with low maturity to improve.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Demand for egg consumption in Indonesian society being one of the great opportunities to establis... more Demand for egg consumption in Indonesian society being one of the great opportunities to establish quail farms business. The goal of this research is to measure number of profit and to identify the affecting factors of profit efficiency on quail farms in Lima Puluh Kota Regency. Cross section data obtained from quail farmers were used. Thirty samples from the farm with ≥ 4000 quails selected by accidental sampling were obtained. Income analysis and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) were used for statistical analysis. This study exhibited a considerable capacity to improve quail profitability. The determining factor in profit efficiency of quail farming business in Payakumbuh sub-district, Lima Puluh Kota regency were feed, quail breed and fixed costs and also the number of productive quails. The average level of technical efficiency achieved by quail farmers was 0.527. In other word, the average productivity achieved was 52.7%. The most important factor that affected the profits inefficiency was the farmers'age. In conclusion, profit efficiency could be improved by minimize feed, quail breed, and fix costs and increase the number of productive quails.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Static potential boxes represent an area that is limited by an infinite potential wall, where the... more Static potential boxes represent an area that is limited by an infinite potential wall, where there is no external potential in it. The solution of the Schrodinger equation gives a wave function that can explain the energy level and determine the probability of finding a particle at any point. The main focus of the research in this paperwas to solve the solution to the energy levels, probabilities, and expectation values of a particle in a three-dimensional box, where control limits are given for the potential box width, namely 4 , 2 , 3 4 , for each situation. In this research, the results showed that probability meetings depend on changes in box width and quantum number of particles, while particle energy levels depend on the length of the box and the quantum number of particles. Based on the relation between probabilities and expectation values, the most stable size of the box to find the particles in ground state to the fourth excitation state is at the width of 4 and .
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Mangrove forests in North Sumatera existed in the east coast of Sumatera Island and are rapidly t... more Mangrove forests in North Sumatera existed in the east coast of Sumatera Island and are rapidly threatened due to anthropogenic activities such as conversion for aquaculture, oil palm plantation, filling and use of mangrove for urban development. The present study describes the current and first-year evaluation on mangrove restoration and its impact to socio economiccultural of community in Lubuk Kertang village, Langkat, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The rehabilitation was carried on December 2015 using direct planting of 6,000 Rhizophora apiculata propagules and May 2016 using 5,000 R. apiculata seedlings. The evaluation parameters of mangrove reforestation consist of seedling diameter and height, leaf thickness and number, and seedling growth rate. Ninety-two of 1,124 households were surveyed using Slovin formula to obtain community perspective on the socioeconomic cultural impact of reforestation. Results show that the growth rate for current and first-year evaluation was 93 and 86 %, respectively. By contrast, the height, diameter, and some leaves seedlings planting were shown better than the performance of propagules planting. No change in the green foliage plant thickness between both farming methods. The reforestation affected 71.74, 55.43 and 39.13% of economic, social, and cultural of Lubuk Kertang community, respectively. The data is likely to provide valuable information for mangrove reforestation in North Sumatra. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Coastal plants are known to produce secondary metabolites including polyisoprenoid alcohols. Coas... more Coastal plants are known to produce secondary metabolites including polyisoprenoid alcohols. Coastal plants have been shown to have phytomedicinal, biological, and pharmacological properties. The present study reports the detection of polyisoprenoids composition from roots and stems of selected coastal medicinal grasses, Cyperus rotundus, Distichlis spicata, and Spinifex littoreus. A two-dimensional thin layer chromatography (2D-TLC) method was used to analyse the content and distribution of polyisoprenoid alcohols (polyprenols/dehydrodolihols and dolichols) in coastal grasses. The presence of polyprenols and dolichols in the roots and stems were identified and grouped into two types. Type-I, showing a preponderance of dolichols over polyprenols, was detected in the roots of C. rotundus and D. spicata. Type-II, displaying the existence of both polyprenols and dolichols, was traced in S. littoreusroots and the stems of C. rotundus, D. spicata, and S. littoreus. The diversity of polyisoprenoids in the root and stem tissues even in the same species, suggesting the chemotaxonomic criterion of polyisoprenoids in coastal grasses.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
This present study describes the polyisoprenoids (polyprenol/dehydrodolichol and dolichol) profil... more This present study describes the polyisoprenoids (polyprenol/dehydrodolichol and dolichol) profile, and composition from selected mangrove associates leaves namely Amorphophallus paeoniifolius, Borassus flabellifer, Finlaysonia maritima, and Pandanus tectorius. The occurrence and distribution of polyisoprenoids were investigated using a convenient two-plate thin layer chromatography method. The polyisoprenoid profile in the leaves was determined and classified into two types. Type-I, having domination of dolichols over polyprenols (100%) was found in P. tectorius. These dolichols occurred one dolichol family (C 60-C 95). Type-II, displaying the existence of both dehydrodolichols and dolichols, was confirmed in A. paeoniifolius, B. flabellifer, and F. maritima. Dolichol contents were slightly more abundance found than polyprenols (in the ratio of approximately 60%:40%) in these three species. Polyprenols and dolichols with the chain length of C 80-C 90, respectively, detected in A. paeoniifolius. Ficaprenol (C 50-C 70) was only found in B. flabellifer. Dolichols also occurred longer-chains in B. flabellifer (C 50-C 105) and F. maritime (C 65-C 130). The present study suggested that the patterns of shorter-chain and longer-chain polyprenol, shorter and longer dolichols are regulated in mangrove associates.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
This paper describes the search for polyisoprenoid profile and distribution from the leaves of se... more This paper describes the search for polyisoprenoid profile and distribution from the leaves of selected economic plants of Fabaceae tribe that distributed in dryland forest, namely Crotalaria anagyroides, Leucaena leucochepala, Samanea saman, and Tamarindus indica. The polyisoprenoids profile was investigated using a convenient two-dimensional thin layer chromatography (2D-TLC). The polyisoprenoid distribution in the leaves was detected and regarded as two types. Type-II, showing the existence of both polyprenols and dolichols, was discovered in C. anagyroides leaves only. Type-III, displaying a predominance of polyprenol over dolichol was found in the leaves of L. leucochepala, S. saman, and T. indicus. By contrast, no type-I, which depicting the dominating dolichol over polyprenol was not identified in this analysis. The present study supported the previous findings on the world leaves that polyprenols but not dolichols are richly found.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Oil palm plantations in Asia, particularly in Indonesia and Malaysia face the threat of basal ste... more Oil palm plantations in Asia, particularly in Indonesia and Malaysia face the threat of basal stem root diseases caused by Ganoderma sp. Various methods and approaches have been made to select the oil palm tolerant to Ganoderma, among others with genes selection. The purpose of this research is to analyze the molecular performance of some oil palm that tolerant to Ganoderma based specific SSR markers. The plant material used in this trial is two cross-series of genetic material belonging to PT Socfindo, which has been known the level of resistance to Ganoderma, first is cross-series of 15-year-old oil palm in the field, and secondly is a new cross-series for early detection in the nursery stage. The results showed all target genes are presented in all samples. There are differences in predicted gene expression between tolerant and susceptible palm in the healthy mature plant leave tissue. The five molecular markers (EgMT, EgIFR, Rgen_Pto, Eg002, and Eg003) in healthy palm leaf tissue can be considered as potential molecular markers for oil palm Ganoderma tolerant screening.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
A. floridum and L. littorea are the members of significant mangroves which are abundant in Indone... more A. floridum and L. littorea are the members of significant mangroves which are abundant in Indonesia that has been reported to have biological properties. The pattern and existence of polyisoprenoid alcohols (polyprenols/dehydrodolichol and dolichols) inthe leaves and roots of A. floridum and L. littorea were investigated using a convenient two-plate thin layer chromatography method. The polyprenols and dolichols distribution was determined and classified into two groups. Group-I, having a dominating of dolichols over dehydrodolichols, was found in the roots of L. littorea with one dolichol family (C 90-C 95). Type-II, showing the existence of both dehydrodolichols and dolichols, was observed in the leaves A. floridum (with polyprenol and dolichol chain length C 60-C 80 and C 90-C 95 , respectively). Furthermore detected in leaves of L. Littorea, polyprenol and dolichol occurred longer chain length (C 60-C 140 and C 70-C 140 , respectively) and roots of A. floridum with a chain length of dolichol (C 75-C 100) few longer that polyprenol (C 85-C 95). The composition of polyisoprenoids in leaves and roots tissues of A. floridum and L. littorea is the first description to extend our previous finding on the occurrence polyisoprenoids in mangrove plants.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
The existence of Dryobalanops sumatrensis and D. oblongifolia subsp. oblongifolia in Indonesia’s ... more The existence of Dryobalanops sumatrensis and D. oblongifolia subsp. oblongifolia in Indonesia’s natural forest is increasingly threatened due to land use changes and illegal logging leading to the urgent need of conservation actions in the field. Vegetative propagation by shoot cuttings has been proposed as an alternative method, yet there have been still lacks of information regarding the suitable rooting media and the use of shoots from saplings as cutting materials. This study was to evaluate the survival rate, rooting and shoot sprouting abilites of D. sumatrensis and D. oblongifolia subsp. oblongifolia on two different media (mineral soil and peat). Saplings of the D. sumatrensis aged older than 7 years old and D. oblongifolia subsp. oblongifolia aged less than 2 years old were used as cutting materials. The results showed that the survival rate of D. sumatrensis in peat (43.75%) and mineral soil media (43.75%) was lower than D. oblongifolia subsp. oblongifolia in for peat med...
Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences
Objectives This study investigated the effects of a human ZP3 monoclonal antibody (mAb hZP3) on t... more Objectives This study investigated the effects of a human ZP3 monoclonal antibody (mAb hZP3) on the expression of growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) and number of theca cells in the ovaries of mice (Mus musculus). Methods Our study employed a true experiment posttest-only control group design of 48 mice that were divided into the control and three mAb hZP3-treatment groups (20, 40, and 60 μg). Mice in each group were terminated on days 10, 15, and 20. GDF-9 expression was measured by immunohistochemistry and the number of theca cells was counted. Results Analysis of the effects of mAb hZP3 (at 20–60 μg) on the expression of GDF-9 and amount of theca cells did not show significant differences. Similar findings were observed throughout the study period (at 10–20 days). Therefore, mAb hZP3 had no effect on GDF-9 expression and theca cells. Conclusion This study showed that mAb hZP3 can be considered to be an effective and safe immunocontraception.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Forestry and peat land including land-based is one of the critical sectors in the inventory of CO... more Forestry and peat land including land-based is one of the critical sectors in the inventory of CO 2 emissions and mitigation efforts of climate change. The present study analyzed the land-use and land-cover changes between 2006 and 2012 in North Sumatra, Indonesia with emphasis to CO 2 emissions. The land-use/land-cover consists of twenty-one classes. Redd Abacus software version 1.1.7 was used to measure carbon emission source as well as the predicted 2 carbon dioxide emissions from 2006-2024. Results showed that historical emission (2006-2012) in this province, significant increases in the intensive land use namely dry land agriculture (109.65%), paddy field (16.23%) and estate plantation (15.11%). On the other hand, land-cover for forest decreased significantly: secondary dry land forest (7.60%), secondary mangrove forest (9.03%), secondary swamp forest (33.98%), and the largest one in the mixed dry land agriculture (79.96%). The results indicated that North Sumatra province is still a CO 2 emitter, and the most important driver of emissions mostly derived from agricultural lands that contributed 2 carbon dioxide emissions by 48.8%, changing from forest areas into degraded lands (classified as barren land and shrub) shared 30.6% and estate plantation of 22.4%. Mitigation actions to reduce carbon emissions was proposed such as strengthening the forest land, rehabilitation of degraded area, development and plantation forest, forest protection and forest fire control, and reforestation and conservation activity. These mitigation actions have been simulated to reduce 15% for forestry and 18% for peat land, respectively. This data is likely to contribute to the low emission development in North Sumatra. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
This present study describes four mangrove seedlings namely Bruguiera cylindrica, B. sexangula, C... more This present study describes four mangrove seedlings namely Bruguiera cylindrica, B. sexangula, Ceriops tagal, and Rhizophora apiculata in response to salinity with particular emphasis to root development. The seedlings of four mangroves were grown for 5 months in 0%, 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 3.0% salt concentration. Salinity significantly decreased the growth (diameter and plant height) of all mangrove seedlings. Root developments were observed from the tap and lateral root. The number, length and diameter of both roots-typed of B. cylindrica, B. sexangula and C. tagal seedlings significantly decreased with increasing salt concentration with optimum development at 0.5% salinity. By contrast, the number, length, and diameter of tap root of R. apiculata seedlings were significantly enhanced by salt with maximal stimulation at 0.5%, and this increase was attenuated by increasing salinity. On the other hand, lateral root development of R. apiculata significantly thrived up to 1.5% salinity then decreasing with the increasing salinity. The different response of root development suggested valuable information for mangrove rehabilitation in North Sumatra and their adaption to withstand salt stress.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Deforestation and forest degradation have been previously reported to contributing greenhouse gas... more Deforestation and forest degradation have been previously reported to contributing greenhouse gas emission, the primary driver of global warming. The present paper studies deforestation and reforestation trend in North Sumatra, Indonesia using land-use/land-cover change from 1990-2015. The land-use consists of three classes derived from forest land (primary and secondary dry land forest, primary and secondary swamp forest, primary and secondary mangrove forest). Non-Forest (shrub, oil palm plantation, forest plantation, settlement, barren land, swamp shrub, dry land farming, mixed dry land farming, paddy field, aquaculture, airport, transmigration, and mining), and water body (water and swamp). Results showed that from 33 regencies/city in North Sumatra, among them, 25 districts deforested, which was the highest deforestation rate in Labuhanbatu and South Labuhanbatu (2,238.08 and 1,652.55 ha/year, respectively), only one area reforested, and seven districts showed no deforestation or reforestation. During 25 years observed, the forest has been deforested 22.92%, while nonforest has been increased 11.33% of land-use. The significant increasing loss of North Sumatran forest implies conservation efforts and developing sustainable forest management.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Mangrove forests in North Sumatera, Indonesia existed in the east coast of Sumatera Island and co... more Mangrove forests in North Sumatera, Indonesia existed in the east coast of Sumatera Island and commonly found in Serdang Bedagai, Deli Serdang, Batubara, Tanjung Balai, Asahan, Labuhanbatu until Langkat. The effect of rehabilitated mangrove on socio-cultural of Pulau Sembilan society, Langkat, North Sumatra, Indonesia was studied. The rehabilitation was carried on May 2015 using indirect planting of 2,100 Rhizophora apiculata seedlings. Two times of observations, May and August 2015 were made to monitor and evaluate 400 rehabilitated seedlings. Sixty of 600 households were surveyed using Slovin formula to obtain community perspective on the socio-cultural impact of mangrove rehabilitation. Results showed that the growth of R. apiculata seedlings were 73.3% during four months observations. The restoration affected 65, 58.3 and 35 % of economic, social, and cultural of Pulau Sembilan society, respectively. The perspective of community on the land-use change led to 66.7% was disagreed that mangroves to be converted, 60% respondents stated that mangrove condition was degraded even worse than previously existed. Therefore, to resolve the degraded mangrove, community perspective on rehabilitation was needed (85.5%) and actively involved (88.3%). The present results suggested that the high recommendation for a rehabilitation program for the degraded area was by integrating the stake holders (government, university, and non-governmental organization) and local communities count on the mangrove ecosystems.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Degraded mangrove areas can be restored and rehabilitated. In Indonesia, one of the main recommen... more Degraded mangrove areas can be restored and rehabilitated. In Indonesia, one of the main recommended of mangrove species for restoration of degraded was Rhizophora mucronata. The purpose of the study was to evaluate R. mucronata growth at first-year mangrove restoration at abandoned shrimp ponds, Pulau Sembilan village, Langkat, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The recovery area divided into three zones based on the salinity concentration, landward, middle, and seaward zones. The evaluation parameters of mangrove reforestation consist of seedling diameter and height, leaves number, and seedling growth rate. Results showed that 3 of 4 evaluation parameters of R. mucronata growth belong to landward zone, namely seedlings diameter, the number of leaves, and percentage of growth. By contrast, height R. mucronata seedlings dominated in the middle area. The study also found that the proper zone for mangrove restoration with R. mucronata was in the landward with 96% growth rate and 30 part per thousand salinity concentration. The present study, therefore, suggested that the recommended species for the degraded area was the prerequisite for successful mangrove restoration.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Molecular cloning of Kandelia candel KcMS gene has previously been cloned and encoded a multifunc... more Molecular cloning of Kandelia candel KcMS gene has previously been cloned and encoded a multifunctional triterpene synthase. In this study, the KcMS gene promoter was cloned through Genome walking, sequenced, and analyzed. A 1,358 bp genomic DNA fragment of KcMS promoter was obtained. PLACE and PlantCARE analysis of the KcMS promoter revealed that there was some regulatory elements in response to environmental signals and involved in the regulation of gene expression. Results showed that four kinds of elements are regulated by hormone binding, namely 2 MeJA-responsiveness elements (CGTCA-motif and TGACG-motif), the ABRE (TACGTG) involved in abscisic acid responsiveness, gibberellin-related GARE-motif (AAACAGA), and the TGA-element (AACGAC) as an auxin-responsive element. Several elements in the KcMS have been shown in other plants to be responsive to abiotic stress. These motifs were MBS (CAACTG), TC-rich repeats, and eight light responsive elements. The KcMS promoter was also involved in the activation of defense genes in plants such as HSE (AAAAAATTC) and four circadian control elements (CAANNNNATC). The presence of multipotential regulatory motifs suggested that KcMS may be involved in regulation of plant tolerance to several types of stresses.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Palm oil (E. guineensis) is one of the major commodity and contributing largely to non-petroleum ... more Palm oil (E. guineensis) is one of the major commodity and contributing largely to non-petroleum oil of Indonesian foreign exchange. E. guineensis has three fruit types, dura (female), pisifera (male), and tenera-a hybrid between dura and pisifera. Pisifera plays an important function in the production of seed oil palm. The purpose of this research is to analyze genetic diversity of pisifera type of E. guineensis from three populations, Yangambi, Lame and Lame further cross in Bangun Bandar, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Eighteen samples for each population were analyzed using six RAPD markers. Results showed that RAPD markers were low polymorphic with 1.49, 1.39, and 1.00 average number alleles detected for Yagambi, Lame, and Lame further cross, respectively. The level of genetic diversity detected for each population was 0.28, 0.22, and 0.21 for Yagambi, Lame, and Lame further cross, respectively, indicating that the populations had little genetic variation. The highest of polymorphic information content (PIC) was found on the P11 primer of Yangambi (0.49) and P10 primer for lame further cross (0.49). By contrast, the lowest PIC belongs to P21 for Lame population (0.01). This data is likely to contributing oil palm breeding.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
View the article online for updates and enhancements. Recent citations Bioinformatics analysis of... more View the article online for updates and enhancements. Recent citations Bioinformatics analysis of predicted Ganoderma boninense from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) M Basyuni et al
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
The main objective of this study was to analyse the ANIS of Livestock industry in West Sumatera a... more The main objective of this study was to analyse the ANIS of Livestock industry in West Sumatera according to its main determinants. This research aims to know and understand the maturity level of the regional innovationsystem of West Sumatra livestock industries , including recommendation for improvements. The maturity level of the regional innovation system was analyzed with the ANIS method by using an opinion survey to some experts from businessmen, government and universities. This expert opinion survey was conducted to measure expert perceptions on the implementations of determinants of west Sumatera regional innovations systems on livestock industries on macro level (innovations policy), mezzo level (innovation institutions and programs) and micro level (innovation capacity). By using Likert method, the result showed maturity level for the West Sumatra livestock industries innovation system was still develop. This is caused by low maturity in the macro and meso determinants which are at the central and regional government side. This research result may be useful as recommendations for the government for improving the maturity level and may be a basic for incoming researches to identify regional innovation system determinants with low maturity to improve.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Demand for egg consumption in Indonesian society being one of the great opportunities to establis... more Demand for egg consumption in Indonesian society being one of the great opportunities to establish quail farms business. The goal of this research is to measure number of profit and to identify the affecting factors of profit efficiency on quail farms in Lima Puluh Kota Regency. Cross section data obtained from quail farmers were used. Thirty samples from the farm with ≥ 4000 quails selected by accidental sampling were obtained. Income analysis and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) were used for statistical analysis. This study exhibited a considerable capacity to improve quail profitability. The determining factor in profit efficiency of quail farming business in Payakumbuh sub-district, Lima Puluh Kota regency were feed, quail breed and fixed costs and also the number of productive quails. The average level of technical efficiency achieved by quail farmers was 0.527. In other word, the average productivity achieved was 52.7%. The most important factor that affected the profits inefficiency was the farmers'age. In conclusion, profit efficiency could be improved by minimize feed, quail breed, and fix costs and increase the number of productive quails.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Static potential boxes represent an area that is limited by an infinite potential wall, where the... more Static potential boxes represent an area that is limited by an infinite potential wall, where there is no external potential in it. The solution of the Schrodinger equation gives a wave function that can explain the energy level and determine the probability of finding a particle at any point. The main focus of the research in this paperwas to solve the solution to the energy levels, probabilities, and expectation values of a particle in a three-dimensional box, where control limits are given for the potential box width, namely 4 , 2 , 3 4 , for each situation. In this research, the results showed that probability meetings depend on changes in box width and quantum number of particles, while particle energy levels depend on the length of the box and the quantum number of particles. Based on the relation between probabilities and expectation values, the most stable size of the box to find the particles in ground state to the fourth excitation state is at the width of 4 and .
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Mangrove forests in North Sumatera existed in the east coast of Sumatera Island and are rapidly t... more Mangrove forests in North Sumatera existed in the east coast of Sumatera Island and are rapidly threatened due to anthropogenic activities such as conversion for aquaculture, oil palm plantation, filling and use of mangrove for urban development. The present study describes the current and first-year evaluation on mangrove restoration and its impact to socio economiccultural of community in Lubuk Kertang village, Langkat, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The rehabilitation was carried on December 2015 using direct planting of 6,000 Rhizophora apiculata propagules and May 2016 using 5,000 R. apiculata seedlings. The evaluation parameters of mangrove reforestation consist of seedling diameter and height, leaf thickness and number, and seedling growth rate. Ninety-two of 1,124 households were surveyed using Slovin formula to obtain community perspective on the socioeconomic cultural impact of reforestation. Results show that the growth rate for current and first-year evaluation was 93 and 86 %, respectively. By contrast, the height, diameter, and some leaves seedlings planting were shown better than the performance of propagules planting. No change in the green foliage plant thickness between both farming methods. The reforestation affected 71.74, 55.43 and 39.13% of economic, social, and cultural of Lubuk Kertang community, respectively. The data is likely to provide valuable information for mangrove reforestation in North Sumatra. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Coastal plants are known to produce secondary metabolites including polyisoprenoid alcohols. Coas... more Coastal plants are known to produce secondary metabolites including polyisoprenoid alcohols. Coastal plants have been shown to have phytomedicinal, biological, and pharmacological properties. The present study reports the detection of polyisoprenoids composition from roots and stems of selected coastal medicinal grasses, Cyperus rotundus, Distichlis spicata, and Spinifex littoreus. A two-dimensional thin layer chromatography (2D-TLC) method was used to analyse the content and distribution of polyisoprenoid alcohols (polyprenols/dehydrodolihols and dolichols) in coastal grasses. The presence of polyprenols and dolichols in the roots and stems were identified and grouped into two types. Type-I, showing a preponderance of dolichols over polyprenols, was detected in the roots of C. rotundus and D. spicata. Type-II, displaying the existence of both polyprenols and dolichols, was traced in S. littoreusroots and the stems of C. rotundus, D. spicata, and S. littoreus. The diversity of polyisoprenoids in the root and stem tissues even in the same species, suggesting the chemotaxonomic criterion of polyisoprenoids in coastal grasses.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
This present study describes the polyisoprenoids (polyprenol/dehydrodolichol and dolichol) profil... more This present study describes the polyisoprenoids (polyprenol/dehydrodolichol and dolichol) profile, and composition from selected mangrove associates leaves namely Amorphophallus paeoniifolius, Borassus flabellifer, Finlaysonia maritima, and Pandanus tectorius. The occurrence and distribution of polyisoprenoids were investigated using a convenient two-plate thin layer chromatography method. The polyisoprenoid profile in the leaves was determined and classified into two types. Type-I, having domination of dolichols over polyprenols (100%) was found in P. tectorius. These dolichols occurred one dolichol family (C 60-C 95). Type-II, displaying the existence of both dehydrodolichols and dolichols, was confirmed in A. paeoniifolius, B. flabellifer, and F. maritima. Dolichol contents were slightly more abundance found than polyprenols (in the ratio of approximately 60%:40%) in these three species. Polyprenols and dolichols with the chain length of C 80-C 90, respectively, detected in A. paeoniifolius. Ficaprenol (C 50-C 70) was only found in B. flabellifer. Dolichols also occurred longer-chains in B. flabellifer (C 50-C 105) and F. maritime (C 65-C 130). The present study suggested that the patterns of shorter-chain and longer-chain polyprenol, shorter and longer dolichols are regulated in mangrove associates.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
This paper describes the search for polyisoprenoid profile and distribution from the leaves of se... more This paper describes the search for polyisoprenoid profile and distribution from the leaves of selected economic plants of Fabaceae tribe that distributed in dryland forest, namely Crotalaria anagyroides, Leucaena leucochepala, Samanea saman, and Tamarindus indica. The polyisoprenoids profile was investigated using a convenient two-dimensional thin layer chromatography (2D-TLC). The polyisoprenoid distribution in the leaves was detected and regarded as two types. Type-II, showing the existence of both polyprenols and dolichols, was discovered in C. anagyroides leaves only. Type-III, displaying a predominance of polyprenol over dolichol was found in the leaves of L. leucochepala, S. saman, and T. indicus. By contrast, no type-I, which depicting the dominating dolichol over polyprenol was not identified in this analysis. The present study supported the previous findings on the world leaves that polyprenols but not dolichols are richly found.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Oil palm plantations in Asia, particularly in Indonesia and Malaysia face the threat of basal ste... more Oil palm plantations in Asia, particularly in Indonesia and Malaysia face the threat of basal stem root diseases caused by Ganoderma sp. Various methods and approaches have been made to select the oil palm tolerant to Ganoderma, among others with genes selection. The purpose of this research is to analyze the molecular performance of some oil palm that tolerant to Ganoderma based specific SSR markers. The plant material used in this trial is two cross-series of genetic material belonging to PT Socfindo, which has been known the level of resistance to Ganoderma, first is cross-series of 15-year-old oil palm in the field, and secondly is a new cross-series for early detection in the nursery stage. The results showed all target genes are presented in all samples. There are differences in predicted gene expression between tolerant and susceptible palm in the healthy mature plant leave tissue. The five molecular markers (EgMT, EgIFR, Rgen_Pto, Eg002, and Eg003) in healthy palm leaf tissue can be considered as potential molecular markers for oil palm Ganoderma tolerant screening.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
A. floridum and L. littorea are the members of significant mangroves which are abundant in Indone... more A. floridum and L. littorea are the members of significant mangroves which are abundant in Indonesia that has been reported to have biological properties. The pattern and existence of polyisoprenoid alcohols (polyprenols/dehydrodolichol and dolichols) inthe leaves and roots of A. floridum and L. littorea were investigated using a convenient two-plate thin layer chromatography method. The polyprenols and dolichols distribution was determined and classified into two groups. Group-I, having a dominating of dolichols over dehydrodolichols, was found in the roots of L. littorea with one dolichol family (C 90-C 95). Type-II, showing the existence of both dehydrodolichols and dolichols, was observed in the leaves A. floridum (with polyprenol and dolichol chain length C 60-C 80 and C 90-C 95 , respectively). Furthermore detected in leaves of L. Littorea, polyprenol and dolichol occurred longer chain length (C 60-C 140 and C 70-C 140 , respectively) and roots of A. floridum with a chain length of dolichol (C 75-C 100) few longer that polyprenol (C 85-C 95). The composition of polyisoprenoids in leaves and roots tissues of A. floridum and L. littorea is the first description to extend our previous finding on the occurrence polyisoprenoids in mangrove plants.