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Papers by bala subramanian

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 1 of Isolation of a bacterial strain from the gut of the fish, Systomus sarana, identification of the isolated strain, optimized production of its protease, the enzyme purification, and partial structural characterization

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Protease enzyme producing bacterium SS5 culture strain, Gram negati... more Additional file 1: Figure S1. Protease enzyme producing bacterium SS5 culture strain, Gram negative bacteria (A); PCR amplified products (B); Phylogenetic tree derived from 16S rRNA sequences after comparing with strain SS5 using neighbor-joining method (C). Figure S2. 2D-Electrophrosesis of protein extract from Bacillus thuringiensis. Table S1. HPLC analysis of protease protein extract from Bacillus thuringiensis SS5.

Research paper thumbnail of Isolation of a bacterial strain from the gut of the fish, Systomus sarana, identification of the isolated strain, optimized production of its protease, the enzyme purification, and partial structural characterization

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Background The present study focuses on the isolation of Bacillus thuringiensis bacterium from th... more Background The present study focuses on the isolation of Bacillus thuringiensis bacterium from the gut of fresh water fish, Systomus sarana, the innovative optimization of culture parameters to produce maximum protease enzyme, by the isolated bacterium, and the elucidation of peptide profile of the protease. And the experimental data and results were authenticated through the response surface method (RSM) and Box-Behnken design (BBD) model. Results During the RSM optimization, the interaction of the highest concentrations (%) of 2.2 maltose, 2.2 beef extract, and 7.0 pH, at 37 °C incubation, yielded a maximum protease enzyme of 245 U/ml by the fish gut-isolated, B. thuringiensis. The spectral analysis of the obtained enzyme revealed the presence of major functional groups at the range of 610–3852 cm−1viz., alkynes (–C≡C–H: C–H stretch), misc (P-H phosphine sharp), α, β-unsaturated aldehydes, and through PAGE analysis, its molecular weight was determined as 27 kDa. The enzyme’s MALDI...

Research paper thumbnail of Pectinase from a Fish Gut Bacterium, Aeromonas guangheii (SS6): Production, Cloning and Characterization

Research paper thumbnail of Development of biologically-based activated carbon for advanced water and wastewater treatment process

Bioremediation of Pollutants

Abstract Activated carbon through biological modification for improving the efficiency of wastewa... more Abstract Activated carbon through biological modification for improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment process and contaminant removal from aqueous solutions emerges as a recent technology from the past few decades. Biological activated carbon (BAC) biodegradation depends on reversibility of adsorption and biodegradability of the adsorbates. BAC process is developed to use the synergistic effect of adsorption of pollutants on the adsorbent and subsequently degradation by microbial activity in wastewater treatment process. Due to high surface area and pore size the activated carbon is characterized by its great effect on absorbing organic pollutants in wastewater, and further microbial activity is proven for its biodegradation potential. Biological activated carbon along with ozonation (O3/BAC) is being considered as a key component in the wastewater treatment process generated by domestic and other industrial activity. BAC microbial biofilms are capable of bioregeneration, of activated carbon.

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular characterization of pectinase producing innovative bacterium, Aeromonas guangheii, isolated from the gut of fish, systomus sarana, RSM optimization for its enzyme production, the cloning and expression analysis of exo-pelA-gene and the recombinant protein purification

During the present research, 11 gut bacteria were isolated from the fresh water sh, Systomus sara... more During the present research, 11 gut bacteria were isolated from the fresh water sh, Systomus sarana (General name: olive barb) and upon screening, the strains produced extracellular pectinase enzyme. Among them, the SS6 strain was found to produce a high quantity of 208.731 U/mg pectinase. Through molecular characterization the SS6 strain was identi ed as Aeromonas guangheii. In this study, a group of controlled experimental factors were investigated to optimize through the response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken design. The optimal conditions were found to be; 2.11% of maltose, 2.20% of yeast extract, 6.5 of pH, and a temperature of 27.3 ºC at 32-h incubation. Under the above conditions, the activity of pectinase production was enhanced to 371 U/mg. The puri ed pectinase's molecular weight was determined to be ~50 kDa (by 10% 2-D PAGE). The FT-IR analysis of the degraded pectin-products revealed the presence of six functional groups. Totally, nine peptides were identi ed from the puri ed pectinase enzyme through the MALDI-TOF-MS analysis and MASCOT tool was used to get the mass spectrum of the peak at 2211 of peptide that indicated the reference pectinase protein. The referenced gene primer (pectate lyases) was PCR ampli ed and their nucleotide sequence was analyzed. The exo-pelA gene was cloned in pREST vector, that was over expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The ORF encoded for a protein of 425 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of ~50 kDa. The present ndings underline the potential of the sh-gut microbes as a source of biotechnologically important enzymes.

Research paper thumbnail of Quantum Dots: Characteristics and Prospects from Diagnosis to Treatment

Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences

Research paper thumbnail of Biofuels: Sources, Modern Technology Developments and Views on Bioenergy Management

Biotechnology for Biofuels: A Sustainable Green Energy Solution, 2020

Increasing energy demands and the rising global carbon footprint are forcing mankind to look for ... more Increasing energy demands and the rising global carbon footprint are forcing mankind to look for alternative green fuels. Fuels derived from biological sources are considered to be green fuels since they do not release toxic pollutants upon combustion. The global accumulation of the carbon footprint and accelerated demands on energy are pushing us to look for alternative green fuels based on renewable resources. Hence, identification of potential sources of green fuels produced by biological means and utilization of these resources for commercialization provide the context of the priorities for future energy needs. The two major concepts considered for next-generation green fuels are (i) fuels that do not increase the carbon footprint (e.g. hydrogen fuel) and (ii) utilization of photosynthetic processes to fix CO 2 and produce biofuels. Keeping these two priorities in mind, this chapter provides a detailed discussion of various biofuels available for mankind, which can replace traditional hydrocarbon-based fossil fuels. These biofuels could help in reducing the global carbon footprint. The chapter gives information about the various biological sources for production of biodiesel and microbial sources for production of liquid fuels. This chapter also discusses the concept of microbial fuel cells, the importance of biohydrogen, aspects of molecular engineering of organisms to enhance productivity, fabrication of microbial systems for production of biofuels and the prospects for biofuel production by utilizing modern biotechnology tools.

Research paper thumbnail of Facile bioconversion of vegetable food waste into valuable organic acids and green fuels using synthetic microbial consortium

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021

The production of various organic acids from vegetable waste via a facile and cost-effective met... more The production of various organic acids from vegetable waste via a facile and cost-effective method utilizing characterized synthetic microbial consortia is described in this study. Five bacterial species with the ability to produce organic acids from vegetable waste biomass were isolated and identified as Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas florescence and Escherichia coli. Using these cultures, mixed acid fermentation was developed and was efficient in producing various organic acids. The total organic acids accumulated using optimized fermentation conditions was found to be 72.44±3.43 g L  1. The acetic acid was produced as major acid accumulated up to 25.27±1.26 g L  1 , followed by lactic acid 19.11±1.73 g L  1. Efforts were also put forth to check the ability to produce methane by the anaerobic digestion process. Up to 14.97 mL g  1 biomass methane was produced during the anaerobic digestion process. The technology developed in this study is a carbon-neutral process for managing vegetable food waste with economic benefit. The developed technology will have great economic potential and add value to vegetable food waste management.

Research paper thumbnail of Bio-Hydrogen: Technology Developments in Microbial Fuel Cells and Their Future Prospects

Biotechnology for Biofuels: A Sustainable Green Energy Solution, 2020

The energy is the part of the human evolution; the innovation in the transportation and industria... more The energy is the part of the human evolution; the innovation in the transportation and industrial evolution happened in this century made mankind to depend on fossil fuels invariably. The depletion of fossil fuel resources and global carbon footprint accumulation are worrying the global countries for the future environmental safety. The clear policies were amended to come out of releasing the global carbon footprint by many countries; even developing countries are making it compulsory for controlling or reducing greenhouse gases releasing in to environment. In this context hydrogen fuel is getting promising significance since it has high energy content per unit mass, and up on combustion it will not release any carbon footprint and considered to be complete green energy. Though there are many chemical and physicochemical methods available for the production of H2, biological H2 production will be superior since this method do not use harsh chemical process and do not need extreme conditions for the production. Hence, many research studies are put forward for the production of biological hydrogen production. In this book chapter we will have comprehensive discussion on these technologies developed for the hydrogen production till date. This chapter also included the next generation technologies which are in acceleration in engineering the strains for the enhancing the productivity and various other parameters like utilization of waste biomass and waste industrial affluent etc. This chapter also included with the list of aspects to be looked for the future development of H2 as the next generation fuel energy.

Research paper thumbnail of Pilot scale wastewater treatment, CO2 sequestration and lipid production using microalga, Neochloris aquatica RDS02

International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2020

In present investigation carried out large-scale treatment of tannery effluent by the cultivation... more In present investigation carried out large-scale treatment of tannery effluent by the cultivation of microalgae, Neochloris aquatica RDS02. The tannery effluent treatment revealed that significant reduction heavy metals were chromium-3.59, lead-2.85, nickel-1.9, cadmium-10.68, zinc-4.49, copper-0.95 and cobalt-1.86 mg/L on 15th day of treatment using N. aquatica RDS02. The microalgal biosorption capacity q max rate was Cr-88.66, Pb-75.87, Ni-87.61, Cd-60.44, Co-52.86, Zn-84.90 and Cu-54.39, and isotherm model emphasized that the higher R 2 value 0.99 by Langmuir and Freundlich kinetics model. The microalga utilized highest CO 2 (90%) analyzed by CO 2 biofixation and utilization kinetics, biomass (3.9 mg/mL), lipid (210 mg mL À1), carbohydrate (102.75 mg mL À1), biodiesel (4.9 mL g À1) and bioethanol (4.1 mL g À1). The microalgal-lipid content was analyzed through Nile red staining. Gas chromatography mass spectrometric (GCMS) analysis confirmed that the presence of a biodiesel and major fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiling viz., tridecanoic acid methyl ester, pentadecanoic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid methyl ester, myristic acid methyl ester, palmitic acid methyl ester and oleic acid methyl ester. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed that the presence of a functional groups viz., phenols, alcohols, alkynes, carboxylic acids, ketones, carbonyl and ester groups. The bioethanol production was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyze.

Research paper thumbnail of Facile green synthesis of nanoparticles from brown seaweed Sargassum wightii and its biological application potential

Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2018

Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and is a major ca... more Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and is a major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attack, stroke and is also responsible for lower limb amputation. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory efficacy of silver nanoparticles synthesized from brown alga, Sargassum wightii. The synthesized silver nanoparticles revealed spherical morphology with the size range of 18.45-41.59 nm. The green synthesized sliver nanoparticles of S. wightii were characterized through UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, zeta potential and by dynamic light scattering method. Presently, the enzyme inhibitory property (IC 50) of S. wightii-aqueous extract and synthesized silver nanoparticles of S. wightii against α-amylase and α-glucosidase was found to be 252.8 and 55.87 µg × ml −1 , and 284.18 and 84.51 µg × ml −1 , respectively. Similar trend of antioxidant activity have been recorded. The presently synthesized silver nanoparticle through green approach is an eco-friendly and cost effective one and it could form an effective pharmacological agent.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Salmonella bongori derived biosurfactants and its extracellular protein separation by SDS-PAGE using petridishes: A simply modified approach

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2019

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Research paper thumbnail of Tridax Procumbens Extract Loaded Electrospun PCL Nanofibers: A Novel Wound Dressing Material

Macromolecular Research, 2018

To overcome the bacterial infection which may leads to strain the wounds progressively, wound hea... more To overcome the bacterial infection which may leads to strain the wounds progressively, wound healing medicinal plant was choosen to treat the infection caused by bacteria. Though the medicinal wound healing plants are resistant to bacteria, the bare plant extract may face poor contact with the wound. This necessitate for a carrier for the plant extract. Polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun nanofibers have been selected as carrier in this work due to its beneficial surface property and biocompatibility. Extract from the medicinal plant Tridax procumbens was immobilized on PCL electrospun nanofibers. The PCL nanofiber and Tridax procumbens extract immobilized nanofibers were characterized by SEM, XRD and EDAX. The morphology, porosity, swelling and weight loss percentage of the electrospun nanofibers have been investigated. The Tridax procumbens-PCL nanofibers were analyzed for its anti-bacterial activity. The results of the work confess that the scaffolds act as an enhancer of wound healing and treating surfaces that contain pathogenic microorganisms especially in hospital environment.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of biogenic silver nanocubes on matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 expressions in hyperglycemic skin injury and its impact in early wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications, 2018

Microbial contamination along with over expressions of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 impairs ... more Microbial contamination along with over expressions of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 impairs wound healing in diabetic patients. Silver-based antimicrobial agents have been successfully used for treating non-healing chronic wounds associated with infection. However, topical application of silver-ion compounds impairs wound healing process. Thus, usage of biogenic silver nanoparticles appears as a new means to reduce the toxicity of silver compounds in the wound care system. Here, following our previous method, AgNPs was synthesized using the culture filtrate of Brevibacillus brevis KN8(2) then characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometry, TEM, SAED, XRD and DLS measurements. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was evaluated against the most common wound infecting pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus by well diffusion assay. Further, the wound healing efficacy of biogenic AgNPs was examined in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by measuring wound area clo...

Research paper thumbnail of Anti-pseudomonal and anti-endotoxic effects of surfactin-stabilized biogenic silver nanocubes ameliorated wound repair in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2017

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its lipopolysaccharides play a key role in the pathogenesis of diabeti... more Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its lipopolysaccharides play a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic foot infection, for which, currently no effective therapeutic agents are available. Hence, newer forms of therapeutic agents are required for treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. In this present study, nanocrystalline silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using culture filtrate of Brevibacillus brevis KN8(2) followed by an investigation of its in vivo anti-pseudomonal and anti-endotoxic properties. Biosynthesized AgNPs was predominantly cubical in shape with an average particle size of 15.40 nm as observed through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis. The LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis indicates the presence of surfactin in culture filtrate of B. brevis KN8(2). The MIC of surfactin-stabilized AgNPs against P. aeruginosa was 10 lg ml À1 and its wound repair activity was observed in P. aeruginosa-infected wounds of diabetic mice by measuring wound area closure, bacterial counts, mRNA expressions, and histopathology. Further, surfactin-stabilized AgNPs suppressed the transcription of LPS-triggered expression of the TNF-a in wounds that LPS-assisted extension of wound repair in diabetes mellitus conditions was circumvented quite well. Results gathered in this study established that surfactin-stabilized AgNPs could effectively offer to the novel treatment of Gram-negative bacilli infection in diabetic wounds.

Research paper thumbnail of Ag Nanoparticles Synthesized Using β-Caryophyllene Isolated from Murraya koenigii: Antimalarial (Plasmodium falciparum 3D7) and Anticancer Activity (A549 and HeLa Cell Lines)

Journal of Cluster Science, 2017

The development of effective and reliable drugs in the fight against malaria and cancer represent... more The development of effective and reliable drugs in the fight against malaria and cancer represents a crucial challenge in modern parasitology. The present investigation focuses on a simple and novel strategy for the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using b-caryophyllene isolated from the leaf extract of Murraya koenigii, as reducing and stabilizing agent. UV-visible spectroscopy of the Ag NPs in aqueous suspension revealed strong surface plasmon resonance at 420 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed the various characteristic peaks of reducing functional groups. X-ray diffraction indicated 2 theta values confirming the Bragg's refraction index of Ag NPs. Scanning electron microscopy showed the nanoparticle spherical shapes while transmission electron microscopy showed nanoparticle sizes ranging from 5 to 100 nm, with an average size of 29.42 nm. Ag NPs exhibited promising activity on chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum (3D7) (IC 50 : 2.34 ± 0.07 lg/ml), as well as significant cytotoxic activity on lung cancer cells (IC 50 : 9.39 ± 0.08 lg/ml). Overall, bcaryophyllene synthesized Ag NPs could be further considered as a promising source for the development of cost effective and safer alternative drugs to treat malaria and cancer.

Research paper thumbnail of Antibiotic sensitivity pattern, MIC determination of Extended Spectrum of Beta Lactamases producing clinical isolates from six geographical locations in Tamil Nadu, India

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation Of Cytotoxic Activity Of Microbial Biofertilizer And Agrochemical Treated Curcuma Longa l. By Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay 1

Cancer is a growing health problem around the world, particularly with the steady rise in life ex... more Cancer is a growing health problem around the world, particularly with the steady rise in life expectancy, increasing urbanization and the subsequent changes in environmental conditions, including lifestyle. The modern agricultural system goes in the way of chemical usage to improve crop production that is, leading to drastic health ailments. So, it was intended to use and compare the quality and activity of turmeric obtained through cultivation using agrochemical and biofertilizers inputs. The quality of agricultural product (turmeric rhizome powder) and soil was analyzed for the presence of three heavy metals such as Pb, Ni and Cr by atomic absorption spectroscopy. In addition, the cytotoxicity variation by agrochemical and biofertilizer treated turmeric was assessed by brine shrimp lethality and hatchability inhibition assay (Meyer et al. 1982). The microbial biofertilizers were highly effective in reducing the concentrations of Pb, Ni and Cr at cultivation level in both turmeric...

Research paper thumbnail of Development of polyvinyl chloride biofilms for succession of selected marine bacterial populations

Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India, 2012

Present investigation was made to bring out the pattern of biofilm formation by heterotrophic bac... more Present investigation was made to bring out the pattern of biofilm formation by heterotrophic bacteria on nontoxic material, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheet fitted wooden rack that was immersed in seawater and the study was conducted in Tuticorin coast. Samplings were made over a period of 7 days with the following time period intervals: 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hr. Bacterial enumeration was made by spread plate method on nutrient agar medium and characterization of bacterial isolates up to generic level was done. Gram-negative bacteria like Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacter sp., Aeromonas sp., Cytophaga sp. and Flavobacterium sp. were found to be the pioneer in colonizing the surface within 30 min and seven genera were represented in the biofilm. Among them two genera were found belonging to Gram-positive groups which included Micrococcus and Bacillus sp. The early stage biofilm i.e. up to 24th hr was wholly constituted by Gram-negative groups. However, the populatio...

Research paper thumbnail of Screening of Chromium-Resistant Bacteria for Plant Growth-Promoting Activities

Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2013

ABSTRACT This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substan... more ABSTRACT This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 1 of Isolation of a bacterial strain from the gut of the fish, Systomus sarana, identification of the isolated strain, optimized production of its protease, the enzyme purification, and partial structural characterization

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Protease enzyme producing bacterium SS5 culture strain, Gram negati... more Additional file 1: Figure S1. Protease enzyme producing bacterium SS5 culture strain, Gram negative bacteria (A); PCR amplified products (B); Phylogenetic tree derived from 16S rRNA sequences after comparing with strain SS5 using neighbor-joining method (C). Figure S2. 2D-Electrophrosesis of protein extract from Bacillus thuringiensis. Table S1. HPLC analysis of protease protein extract from Bacillus thuringiensis SS5.

Research paper thumbnail of Isolation of a bacterial strain from the gut of the fish, Systomus sarana, identification of the isolated strain, optimized production of its protease, the enzyme purification, and partial structural characterization

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Background The present study focuses on the isolation of Bacillus thuringiensis bacterium from th... more Background The present study focuses on the isolation of Bacillus thuringiensis bacterium from the gut of fresh water fish, Systomus sarana, the innovative optimization of culture parameters to produce maximum protease enzyme, by the isolated bacterium, and the elucidation of peptide profile of the protease. And the experimental data and results were authenticated through the response surface method (RSM) and Box-Behnken design (BBD) model. Results During the RSM optimization, the interaction of the highest concentrations (%) of 2.2 maltose, 2.2 beef extract, and 7.0 pH, at 37 °C incubation, yielded a maximum protease enzyme of 245 U/ml by the fish gut-isolated, B. thuringiensis. The spectral analysis of the obtained enzyme revealed the presence of major functional groups at the range of 610–3852 cm−1viz., alkynes (–C≡C–H: C–H stretch), misc (P-H phosphine sharp), α, β-unsaturated aldehydes, and through PAGE analysis, its molecular weight was determined as 27 kDa. The enzyme’s MALDI...

Research paper thumbnail of Pectinase from a Fish Gut Bacterium, Aeromonas guangheii (SS6): Production, Cloning and Characterization

Research paper thumbnail of Development of biologically-based activated carbon for advanced water and wastewater treatment process

Bioremediation of Pollutants

Abstract Activated carbon through biological modification for improving the efficiency of wastewa... more Abstract Activated carbon through biological modification for improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment process and contaminant removal from aqueous solutions emerges as a recent technology from the past few decades. Biological activated carbon (BAC) biodegradation depends on reversibility of adsorption and biodegradability of the adsorbates. BAC process is developed to use the synergistic effect of adsorption of pollutants on the adsorbent and subsequently degradation by microbial activity in wastewater treatment process. Due to high surface area and pore size the activated carbon is characterized by its great effect on absorbing organic pollutants in wastewater, and further microbial activity is proven for its biodegradation potential. Biological activated carbon along with ozonation (O3/BAC) is being considered as a key component in the wastewater treatment process generated by domestic and other industrial activity. BAC microbial biofilms are capable of bioregeneration, of activated carbon.

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular characterization of pectinase producing innovative bacterium, Aeromonas guangheii, isolated from the gut of fish, systomus sarana, RSM optimization for its enzyme production, the cloning and expression analysis of exo-pelA-gene and the recombinant protein purification

During the present research, 11 gut bacteria were isolated from the fresh water sh, Systomus sara... more During the present research, 11 gut bacteria were isolated from the fresh water sh, Systomus sarana (General name: olive barb) and upon screening, the strains produced extracellular pectinase enzyme. Among them, the SS6 strain was found to produce a high quantity of 208.731 U/mg pectinase. Through molecular characterization the SS6 strain was identi ed as Aeromonas guangheii. In this study, a group of controlled experimental factors were investigated to optimize through the response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken design. The optimal conditions were found to be; 2.11% of maltose, 2.20% of yeast extract, 6.5 of pH, and a temperature of 27.3 ºC at 32-h incubation. Under the above conditions, the activity of pectinase production was enhanced to 371 U/mg. The puri ed pectinase's molecular weight was determined to be ~50 kDa (by 10% 2-D PAGE). The FT-IR analysis of the degraded pectin-products revealed the presence of six functional groups. Totally, nine peptides were identi ed from the puri ed pectinase enzyme through the MALDI-TOF-MS analysis and MASCOT tool was used to get the mass spectrum of the peak at 2211 of peptide that indicated the reference pectinase protein. The referenced gene primer (pectate lyases) was PCR ampli ed and their nucleotide sequence was analyzed. The exo-pelA gene was cloned in pREST vector, that was over expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The ORF encoded for a protein of 425 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of ~50 kDa. The present ndings underline the potential of the sh-gut microbes as a source of biotechnologically important enzymes.

Research paper thumbnail of Quantum Dots: Characteristics and Prospects from Diagnosis to Treatment

Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences

Research paper thumbnail of Biofuels: Sources, Modern Technology Developments and Views on Bioenergy Management

Biotechnology for Biofuels: A Sustainable Green Energy Solution, 2020

Increasing energy demands and the rising global carbon footprint are forcing mankind to look for ... more Increasing energy demands and the rising global carbon footprint are forcing mankind to look for alternative green fuels. Fuels derived from biological sources are considered to be green fuels since they do not release toxic pollutants upon combustion. The global accumulation of the carbon footprint and accelerated demands on energy are pushing us to look for alternative green fuels based on renewable resources. Hence, identification of potential sources of green fuels produced by biological means and utilization of these resources for commercialization provide the context of the priorities for future energy needs. The two major concepts considered for next-generation green fuels are (i) fuels that do not increase the carbon footprint (e.g. hydrogen fuel) and (ii) utilization of photosynthetic processes to fix CO 2 and produce biofuels. Keeping these two priorities in mind, this chapter provides a detailed discussion of various biofuels available for mankind, which can replace traditional hydrocarbon-based fossil fuels. These biofuels could help in reducing the global carbon footprint. The chapter gives information about the various biological sources for production of biodiesel and microbial sources for production of liquid fuels. This chapter also discusses the concept of microbial fuel cells, the importance of biohydrogen, aspects of molecular engineering of organisms to enhance productivity, fabrication of microbial systems for production of biofuels and the prospects for biofuel production by utilizing modern biotechnology tools.

Research paper thumbnail of Facile bioconversion of vegetable food waste into valuable organic acids and green fuels using synthetic microbial consortium

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021

The production of various organic acids from vegetable waste via a facile and cost-effective met... more The production of various organic acids from vegetable waste via a facile and cost-effective method utilizing characterized synthetic microbial consortia is described in this study. Five bacterial species with the ability to produce organic acids from vegetable waste biomass were isolated and identified as Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas florescence and Escherichia coli. Using these cultures, mixed acid fermentation was developed and was efficient in producing various organic acids. The total organic acids accumulated using optimized fermentation conditions was found to be 72.44±3.43 g L  1. The acetic acid was produced as major acid accumulated up to 25.27±1.26 g L  1 , followed by lactic acid 19.11±1.73 g L  1. Efforts were also put forth to check the ability to produce methane by the anaerobic digestion process. Up to 14.97 mL g  1 biomass methane was produced during the anaerobic digestion process. The technology developed in this study is a carbon-neutral process for managing vegetable food waste with economic benefit. The developed technology will have great economic potential and add value to vegetable food waste management.

Research paper thumbnail of Bio-Hydrogen: Technology Developments in Microbial Fuel Cells and Their Future Prospects

Biotechnology for Biofuels: A Sustainable Green Energy Solution, 2020

The energy is the part of the human evolution; the innovation in the transportation and industria... more The energy is the part of the human evolution; the innovation in the transportation and industrial evolution happened in this century made mankind to depend on fossil fuels invariably. The depletion of fossil fuel resources and global carbon footprint accumulation are worrying the global countries for the future environmental safety. The clear policies were amended to come out of releasing the global carbon footprint by many countries; even developing countries are making it compulsory for controlling or reducing greenhouse gases releasing in to environment. In this context hydrogen fuel is getting promising significance since it has high energy content per unit mass, and up on combustion it will not release any carbon footprint and considered to be complete green energy. Though there are many chemical and physicochemical methods available for the production of H2, biological H2 production will be superior since this method do not use harsh chemical process and do not need extreme conditions for the production. Hence, many research studies are put forward for the production of biological hydrogen production. In this book chapter we will have comprehensive discussion on these technologies developed for the hydrogen production till date. This chapter also included the next generation technologies which are in acceleration in engineering the strains for the enhancing the productivity and various other parameters like utilization of waste biomass and waste industrial affluent etc. This chapter also included with the list of aspects to be looked for the future development of H2 as the next generation fuel energy.

Research paper thumbnail of Pilot scale wastewater treatment, CO2 sequestration and lipid production using microalga, Neochloris aquatica RDS02

International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2020

In present investigation carried out large-scale treatment of tannery effluent by the cultivation... more In present investigation carried out large-scale treatment of tannery effluent by the cultivation of microalgae, Neochloris aquatica RDS02. The tannery effluent treatment revealed that significant reduction heavy metals were chromium-3.59, lead-2.85, nickel-1.9, cadmium-10.68, zinc-4.49, copper-0.95 and cobalt-1.86 mg/L on 15th day of treatment using N. aquatica RDS02. The microalgal biosorption capacity q max rate was Cr-88.66, Pb-75.87, Ni-87.61, Cd-60.44, Co-52.86, Zn-84.90 and Cu-54.39, and isotherm model emphasized that the higher R 2 value 0.99 by Langmuir and Freundlich kinetics model. The microalga utilized highest CO 2 (90%) analyzed by CO 2 biofixation and utilization kinetics, biomass (3.9 mg/mL), lipid (210 mg mL À1), carbohydrate (102.75 mg mL À1), biodiesel (4.9 mL g À1) and bioethanol (4.1 mL g À1). The microalgal-lipid content was analyzed through Nile red staining. Gas chromatography mass spectrometric (GCMS) analysis confirmed that the presence of a biodiesel and major fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiling viz., tridecanoic acid methyl ester, pentadecanoic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid methyl ester, myristic acid methyl ester, palmitic acid methyl ester and oleic acid methyl ester. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed that the presence of a functional groups viz., phenols, alcohols, alkynes, carboxylic acids, ketones, carbonyl and ester groups. The bioethanol production was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyze.

Research paper thumbnail of Facile green synthesis of nanoparticles from brown seaweed Sargassum wightii and its biological application potential

Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2018

Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and is a major ca... more Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and is a major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attack, stroke and is also responsible for lower limb amputation. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory efficacy of silver nanoparticles synthesized from brown alga, Sargassum wightii. The synthesized silver nanoparticles revealed spherical morphology with the size range of 18.45-41.59 nm. The green synthesized sliver nanoparticles of S. wightii were characterized through UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, zeta potential and by dynamic light scattering method. Presently, the enzyme inhibitory property (IC 50) of S. wightii-aqueous extract and synthesized silver nanoparticles of S. wightii against α-amylase and α-glucosidase was found to be 252.8 and 55.87 µg × ml −1 , and 284.18 and 84.51 µg × ml −1 , respectively. Similar trend of antioxidant activity have been recorded. The presently synthesized silver nanoparticle through green approach is an eco-friendly and cost effective one and it could form an effective pharmacological agent.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Salmonella bongori derived biosurfactants and its extracellular protein separation by SDS-PAGE using petridishes: A simply modified approach

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2019

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Research paper thumbnail of Tridax Procumbens Extract Loaded Electrospun PCL Nanofibers: A Novel Wound Dressing Material

Macromolecular Research, 2018

To overcome the bacterial infection which may leads to strain the wounds progressively, wound hea... more To overcome the bacterial infection which may leads to strain the wounds progressively, wound healing medicinal plant was choosen to treat the infection caused by bacteria. Though the medicinal wound healing plants are resistant to bacteria, the bare plant extract may face poor contact with the wound. This necessitate for a carrier for the plant extract. Polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun nanofibers have been selected as carrier in this work due to its beneficial surface property and biocompatibility. Extract from the medicinal plant Tridax procumbens was immobilized on PCL electrospun nanofibers. The PCL nanofiber and Tridax procumbens extract immobilized nanofibers were characterized by SEM, XRD and EDAX. The morphology, porosity, swelling and weight loss percentage of the electrospun nanofibers have been investigated. The Tridax procumbens-PCL nanofibers were analyzed for its anti-bacterial activity. The results of the work confess that the scaffolds act as an enhancer of wound healing and treating surfaces that contain pathogenic microorganisms especially in hospital environment.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of biogenic silver nanocubes on matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 expressions in hyperglycemic skin injury and its impact in early wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications, 2018

Microbial contamination along with over expressions of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 impairs ... more Microbial contamination along with over expressions of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 impairs wound healing in diabetic patients. Silver-based antimicrobial agents have been successfully used for treating non-healing chronic wounds associated with infection. However, topical application of silver-ion compounds impairs wound healing process. Thus, usage of biogenic silver nanoparticles appears as a new means to reduce the toxicity of silver compounds in the wound care system. Here, following our previous method, AgNPs was synthesized using the culture filtrate of Brevibacillus brevis KN8(2) then characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometry, TEM, SAED, XRD and DLS measurements. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was evaluated against the most common wound infecting pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus by well diffusion assay. Further, the wound healing efficacy of biogenic AgNPs was examined in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by measuring wound area clo...

Research paper thumbnail of Anti-pseudomonal and anti-endotoxic effects of surfactin-stabilized biogenic silver nanocubes ameliorated wound repair in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2017

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its lipopolysaccharides play a key role in the pathogenesis of diabeti... more Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its lipopolysaccharides play a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic foot infection, for which, currently no effective therapeutic agents are available. Hence, newer forms of therapeutic agents are required for treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. In this present study, nanocrystalline silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using culture filtrate of Brevibacillus brevis KN8(2) followed by an investigation of its in vivo anti-pseudomonal and anti-endotoxic properties. Biosynthesized AgNPs was predominantly cubical in shape with an average particle size of 15.40 nm as observed through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis. The LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis indicates the presence of surfactin in culture filtrate of B. brevis KN8(2). The MIC of surfactin-stabilized AgNPs against P. aeruginosa was 10 lg ml À1 and its wound repair activity was observed in P. aeruginosa-infected wounds of diabetic mice by measuring wound area closure, bacterial counts, mRNA expressions, and histopathology. Further, surfactin-stabilized AgNPs suppressed the transcription of LPS-triggered expression of the TNF-a in wounds that LPS-assisted extension of wound repair in diabetes mellitus conditions was circumvented quite well. Results gathered in this study established that surfactin-stabilized AgNPs could effectively offer to the novel treatment of Gram-negative bacilli infection in diabetic wounds.

Research paper thumbnail of Ag Nanoparticles Synthesized Using β-Caryophyllene Isolated from Murraya koenigii: Antimalarial (Plasmodium falciparum 3D7) and Anticancer Activity (A549 and HeLa Cell Lines)

Journal of Cluster Science, 2017

The development of effective and reliable drugs in the fight against malaria and cancer represent... more The development of effective and reliable drugs in the fight against malaria and cancer represents a crucial challenge in modern parasitology. The present investigation focuses on a simple and novel strategy for the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using b-caryophyllene isolated from the leaf extract of Murraya koenigii, as reducing and stabilizing agent. UV-visible spectroscopy of the Ag NPs in aqueous suspension revealed strong surface plasmon resonance at 420 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed the various characteristic peaks of reducing functional groups. X-ray diffraction indicated 2 theta values confirming the Bragg's refraction index of Ag NPs. Scanning electron microscopy showed the nanoparticle spherical shapes while transmission electron microscopy showed nanoparticle sizes ranging from 5 to 100 nm, with an average size of 29.42 nm. Ag NPs exhibited promising activity on chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum (3D7) (IC 50 : 2.34 ± 0.07 lg/ml), as well as significant cytotoxic activity on lung cancer cells (IC 50 : 9.39 ± 0.08 lg/ml). Overall, bcaryophyllene synthesized Ag NPs could be further considered as a promising source for the development of cost effective and safer alternative drugs to treat malaria and cancer.

Research paper thumbnail of Antibiotic sensitivity pattern, MIC determination of Extended Spectrum of Beta Lactamases producing clinical isolates from six geographical locations in Tamil Nadu, India

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation Of Cytotoxic Activity Of Microbial Biofertilizer And Agrochemical Treated Curcuma Longa l. By Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay 1

Cancer is a growing health problem around the world, particularly with the steady rise in life ex... more Cancer is a growing health problem around the world, particularly with the steady rise in life expectancy, increasing urbanization and the subsequent changes in environmental conditions, including lifestyle. The modern agricultural system goes in the way of chemical usage to improve crop production that is, leading to drastic health ailments. So, it was intended to use and compare the quality and activity of turmeric obtained through cultivation using agrochemical and biofertilizers inputs. The quality of agricultural product (turmeric rhizome powder) and soil was analyzed for the presence of three heavy metals such as Pb, Ni and Cr by atomic absorption spectroscopy. In addition, the cytotoxicity variation by agrochemical and biofertilizer treated turmeric was assessed by brine shrimp lethality and hatchability inhibition assay (Meyer et al. 1982). The microbial biofertilizers were highly effective in reducing the concentrations of Pb, Ni and Cr at cultivation level in both turmeric...

Research paper thumbnail of Development of polyvinyl chloride biofilms for succession of selected marine bacterial populations

Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India, 2012

Present investigation was made to bring out the pattern of biofilm formation by heterotrophic bac... more Present investigation was made to bring out the pattern of biofilm formation by heterotrophic bacteria on nontoxic material, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheet fitted wooden rack that was immersed in seawater and the study was conducted in Tuticorin coast. Samplings were made over a period of 7 days with the following time period intervals: 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hr. Bacterial enumeration was made by spread plate method on nutrient agar medium and characterization of bacterial isolates up to generic level was done. Gram-negative bacteria like Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacter sp., Aeromonas sp., Cytophaga sp. and Flavobacterium sp. were found to be the pioneer in colonizing the surface within 30 min and seven genera were represented in the biofilm. Among them two genera were found belonging to Gram-positive groups which included Micrococcus and Bacillus sp. The early stage biofilm i.e. up to 24th hr was wholly constituted by Gram-negative groups. However, the populatio...

Research paper thumbnail of Screening of Chromium-Resistant Bacteria for Plant Growth-Promoting Activities

Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2013

ABSTRACT This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substan... more ABSTRACT This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.