Dr. Matthew Taylor - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Dr. Matthew Taylor
The American journal of psychiatry, Jan 10, 2015
Previous studies suggested that the treatment response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors... more Previous studies suggested that the treatment response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in major depressive disorder follows a flat response curve within the therapeutic dose range. The present study was designed to clarify the relationship between dosage and treatment response in major depressive disorder. The authors searched PubMed for randomized placebo-controlled trials examining the efficacy of SSRIs for treating adults with major depressive disorder. Trials were also required to assess improvement in depression severity at multiple time points. Additional data were collected on treatment response and all-cause and side effect-related discontinuation. All medication doses were transformed into imipramine-equivalent doses. The longitudinal data were analyzed with a mixed-regression model. Endpoint and tolerability analyses were analyzed using meta-regression and stratified subgroup analysis by predefined SSRI dose categories in order to assess the effect of SS...
Human helminth infections are synonymous with impaired immune responsiveness indicating suppressi... more Human helminth infections are synonymous with impaired immune responsiveness indicating suppression of host immunity. Using a permissive murine model of filariasis, Litomosoides sigmodontis infection of inbred mice, we demonstrate rapid recruitment and increased in vivo proliferation of CD41Foxp31 Treg cells upon exposure to infective L3 larvae. Within 7 days post-infection this resulted in an increased percentage of CD41 T cells
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2015
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the first-line pharmacological treatment for ... more Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the first-line pharmacological treatment for pediatric major depressive disorder (MDD). We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the following: the time-course of response to SSRIs in pediatric depression; whether higher doses of SSRIs are associated with an improved response in pediatric depression; differences in efficacy between SSRI agents; and whether the time-course and magnitude of response to SSRIs is different in pediatric and adult patients with MDD. We searched PubMed and CENTRAL for randomized controlled trials comparing SSRIs to placebo for the treatment of pediatric MDD. We extracted weekly symptom data from trials to characterize the trajectory of pharmacological response to SSRIs. Pooled estimates of treatment effect were calculated based on standardized mean differences between treatment and placebo groups. The meta-analysis included 13 pediatric MDD trials with a total of 3,004 patients. A logarithmic model indicating that the greatest benefits of SSRIs occurred early in treatment best fit the longitudinal data (log[week] = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.06-0.15, p < .0001). There were no significant differences based on maximum SSRI dose or between particular SSRI agents. SSRIs were demonstrated to have a smaller benefit in pediatric compared to adult MDD. Treatment gains in pediatric MDD are greatest early in treatment and are, on average, minimal after 4 weeks of SSRI pharmacotherapy in pediatric MDD. Further research is needed using individual patient data to examine the power of early SSRI response (e.g., 2-4 weeks) to predict outcomes in short-term pharmacological trials.
24 hour ambulatory blood pressure rmmitoring (ABPM) are increasingly used in the management of hy... more 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure rmmitoring (ABPM) are increasingly used in the management of hypertension. Unfortunately cost has limited their role in mainstream clinical practice despite accumulating evidence of cost-effectiveness with i.dicio.s .s.. Before the =advemof ABPM, %elf-determination< or 'horn.< blood pressure (SHSP) showed promise but its ml. remain. m be established despite the availability of reliable, accurate, a"d easy to use semi-aromatic devices that are relatively cheap.
Current psychiatry reports, 2007
Antidepressant medications generally are considered to have a delayed onset of action; however, r... more Antidepressant medications generally are considered to have a delayed onset of action; however, recent evidence is beginning to challenge this conventional wisdom. Meta-analysis of placebo-controlled, randomized trials reveals that patients with depression are more likely to experience a clinically significant response with antidepressants than with placebo by the end of the first week of treatment. About one third of the total treatment benefit over 6 weeks is evident by the end of the first week. Early response to antidepressants is not necessarily a placebo response.
Thoracic surgery clinics, 2012
Empyema remains a major source of morbidity and health care expenditure in the thoracic surgery c... more Empyema remains a major source of morbidity and health care expenditure in the thoracic surgery community. Early intervention in pleural space infections is key to prevention of chronic empyemas and the need for surgical intervention. The advent of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery has made it possible to treat stage I and stage II empyemas with significantly less morbidity. Although management of chronic empyema remains a significant challenge, surgical intervention is usually successful in cleaning up the pleural space.
The Surgical clinics of North America, 2014
More options than ever before are currently available for medical therapy in patients who present... more More options than ever before are currently available for medical therapy in patients who present with advanced thyroid cancer or develop surgically unresectable recurrences or symptomatic or progressive disease. The newer medical therapies have addressed the need to find effective therapies beyond the conventional treatment with radioactive iodine, thyroid stimulating hormone suppression, and palliative cytotoxic chemotherapy for patients with advanced thyroid cancer. Although tumor responses to these medical therapies vary by type of thyroid cancer and type of therapy selected, they remain encouraging and provide therapeutic options for selected patients while new drugs are in development.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2014
Defects in Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASp) underlie development of WAS, an X-linked immun... more Defects in Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASp) underlie development of WAS, an X-linked immunodeficiency and autoimmunity disorder of childhood. Nucleation-promoting factors (NPFs) of the WASp family generate F-actin in the cytosol via the VCA (verprolin-homology, cofilin-homology, and acidic) domain and support RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription in the nucleus. Whether nuclear-WASp requires the integration of its actin-related protein (ARP)2/3-dependent cytoplasmic function to reprogram gene transcription, however, remains unresolved. Using the model of human TH cell differentiation, we find that WASp has a functional nuclear localizing and nuclear exit sequences, and accordingly, its effects on transcription are controlled mainly at the level of its nuclear entry and exit via the nuclear pore. Human WASp does not use its VCA-dependent, ARP2/3-driven, cytoplasmic effector mechanisms to support histone H3K4 methyltransferase activity in the nucleus of TH1-skewed cells. Ac...
Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Machine Learning - ICML '09, 2009
Google, Inc. (search). ...
Marine Ecology-progress Series, 2007
Food Control, 2015
In the context of food safety, contamination of food-contact surfaces with pathogenic bacteria is... more In the context of food safety, contamination of food-contact surfaces with pathogenic bacteria is a global concern. This work investigates the potential of hydrophobically-modified, silica aerogel as a bacterial anti-adhesion food-contact surface. The bacterial anti-adhesion efficacies of hydrophobic silica aerogel, hydrophilic silica (negative control), and hydrophobic silica (positive control) were evaluated using dip inoculation with Salmonella Typhimurium LT2 and Listeria innocua NADC 2841 at 8.8 to 9.1 log CFU/mL. After rinsing, cells on these surfaces were enumerated by conventional plating as well as direct counting via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Compared with the negative control, the positive control and silica aerogel led to a reduced number of salmonellae by 1.2 ± 0.1 log units (93.23 ± 0.91%) and by 3.1 ± 0.1 log units (99.93 ± 0.01%), respectively via plate counting (p < 0.05). The log reductions in the number of L. innocua were 1.3 ± 0.0 (94.82 ± 0.21%) and 3.0 ± 0.0 (99.91 ± 0.01%) for the positive control and silica aerogel, respectively via plate counting (p < 0.05). Additional bacterial proliferation studies revealed that bacterial anti-adhesion properties, not antibacterial effects, were responsible for the observed reductions. Overall, bacterial anti-adhesion property as well as other distinctive properties such as superior thermal insulation and ultra-lightweight make hydrophobically-modified silica aerogel an attractive candidate as a novel food-contact surface.
![Research paper thumbnail of Changes of [11C]DASB binding in human brain after citalopram infusion](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50857157/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Introduction: The serotonin transporter (SERT) has been implicated in many neuropsychiatric condi... more Introduction: The serotonin transporter (SERT) has been implicated in many neuropsychiatric conditions. Currently, [ 11 C]DASB is the most widely used radioligand to image the SERT with positron emission tomography (PET). However, previous workers (Szabo et al., 2002; Ikoma et al., 2002) have raised concern about the use of the cerebellum as a reference region to provide an estimate of the free and nonspecifically bound radioligand in brain tissue for the quantification of SERT binding. The aim of this investigation was to examine changes of binding in the cerebellum and to assess the regional uniformity of drug occupancy after intravenous infusion of citalopram, a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI).
Increasing interest surrounds potential neuroprotective or neurotrophic actions of antidepressant... more Increasing interest surrounds potential neuroprotective or neurotrophic actions of antidepressants. While growing evidence points to important early clinical and neuropsychological effects of antidepressants, the time-course of any effect on neuronal integrity is unclear. This study used magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess effects of short-term treatment with escitalopram on N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), a marker of neuronal integrity. Thirty-nine participants with major depression were randomly assigned to receive either 10 mg escitalopram or placebo daily in a double-blind, parallel group design. On the seventh day of treatment, PRESS data were obtained from a 30r30r20 mm voxel placed in medial frontal cortex. Age and gender-matched healthy controls who received no treatment were also scanned. Levels of NAA were significantly higher in patients treated with escitalopram than in either placebo-treated patients (p<0.01) or healthy controls (p<0.01). Our findings are consistent with the proposition that antidepressant treatment in depressed patients can produce early changes in neuronal integrity.
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2014
Accurate differentiation of bipolar and unipolar depression is a key clinical challenge. A biolog... more Accurate differentiation of bipolar and unipolar depression is a key clinical challenge. A biological measure that could differentiate bipolar and unipolar depression might supplement clinical assessment. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy measurements of total glutamate and glutamine (Glx) in anterior cingulate cortex are one potential measure. The objective of this study was to assess the potential performance of this measure. Meta-analysis of data from eleven studies where anterior cingulate Glx of depressed patients has been compared to that of healthy controls was performed. Effect sizes for bipolar and unipolar depression were calculated as Standardised Mean Differences. The best estimate of test classification performance on the basis of observed effects was calculated. People with unipolar depression had on average lower levels of Glx than healthy controls (effect size -1.05; 95% CI -058 to -1.53). People with bipolar depression tended towards higher Glx than healthy controls (effect size 0.40; 95% CI -0.04 to 0.85). This yielded a difference in Glx between unipolar and bipolar depression of effect size 1.46 (95% CI 0.80-2.11). Based on this difference, a test differentiating bipolar from unipolar depression by whether Glx was higher or lower than the average in healthy population would have sensitivity 0.66 and specificity 0.85. There is an absence of studies directly comparing unipolar and bipolar depressed patients. On available data, measurement of anterior cingulate Glx is a promising potential tool for differentiation of bipolar and unipolar depression. This potential effect requires direct validation within mixed clinical cohorts.
The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, 2009
The best current noninvasive surrogate for tumor biology is fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission ... more The best current noninvasive surrogate for tumor biology is fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). Both FDG-PET maximal standardized uptake values and selected tumor markers have been shown to correlate with stage, nodal disease, and survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there are limited data correlating FDG-PET with tumor markers. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of tumor marker expression with FDG-PET maximal standardized uptake values in NSCLC. FDG-PET maximal standardized uptake values were calculated in patients with NSCLC (n = 149). No patient had induction chemoradiotherapy. Intraoperative NSCLC tissue was obtained and tissue microarrays were created. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed for 5 known NSCLC tumor markers (glucose transporter 1, p53, cyclin D1, epidermal growth factor receptor, and vascular endothelial growth factor). Each tumor marker was assessed independently by two pathologists using com...
Thoracic surgery clinics, 2009
Determination of the genetic markers by the application of new genomic methodologies has provided... more Determination of the genetic markers by the application of new genomic methodologies has provided important insight into the pathogenesis of mediastinal disease. These new techniques have enabled scientists to uncover differential gene expression patterns between subtypes of thymomas, correlate tumor marker expression with germ cell tumors, and determine a link between the NF-kappaB and JAK/STAT pathways with Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Despite the progress made in the understanding of genetic markers of select mediastinal tumors, significantly more investigation is required to elucidate the molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of these tumors.
The Annals of thoracic surgery, 2014
Recurrence develops in nearly one-third of patients who undergo complete resection for non-small ... more Recurrence develops in nearly one-third of patients who undergo complete resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We sought to identify predictors of early recurrence (<2 years) in node-negative T1 to T2b NSCLC. We used a 10-year (1999 to 2008) single-institution retrospective review of a prospectively maintained lung cancer database. Exclusion criteria included carcinoid, adenocarcinoma in situ, and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma histologies, and any induction therapy. Patient demographics, clinical, and pathologic variables were analyzed. Recurrence was confirmed histologically in 86 patients (85%) or radiographically in 16 (15%). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression (C statistic = 0.7) and Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed (p < 0.05 is significant). An R0 resection of a node-negative T1 to T2b NSCLC was performed in 532 patients. Procedures included lobectomy in 436, segmentectomy in 47, and wedge…
Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery, 2008
The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of life (QOL) and functional results of 42 p... more The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of life (QOL) and functional results of 42 patients undergoing primary (60%) and 23 patients undergoing redo (40%) transthoracic paraesophageal hernia repairs. All patients had a floppy Nissen or Belsey anti-reflux repair with or without a Collis gastroplasty. Morbidity occurred in 12% of patients and was similar between groups (P=1.0). Overall QOL scores were not different between groups. Patients undergoing initial repair were found to have significantly higher QOL scores related to their GERD symptoms (P=0.02). Postoperative GERD symptom scores were not significantly different between groups for heartburn, regurgitation, epigastric/chest pain, or cough. Redo patients had more bloating (P=0.02) and dysphagia (P=0.04). Overall, total GERD scores were higher in the redo group compared to the initial group indicating worse GERD-related dysfunction in the redo group (15.8+/-3.8 vs. 6.3+/-1.6, P=0.03). Functional and QOL analysis of ...
The American journal of psychiatry, Jan 10, 2015
Previous studies suggested that the treatment response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors... more Previous studies suggested that the treatment response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in major depressive disorder follows a flat response curve within the therapeutic dose range. The present study was designed to clarify the relationship between dosage and treatment response in major depressive disorder. The authors searched PubMed for randomized placebo-controlled trials examining the efficacy of SSRIs for treating adults with major depressive disorder. Trials were also required to assess improvement in depression severity at multiple time points. Additional data were collected on treatment response and all-cause and side effect-related discontinuation. All medication doses were transformed into imipramine-equivalent doses. The longitudinal data were analyzed with a mixed-regression model. Endpoint and tolerability analyses were analyzed using meta-regression and stratified subgroup analysis by predefined SSRI dose categories in order to assess the effect of SS...
Human helminth infections are synonymous with impaired immune responsiveness indicating suppressi... more Human helminth infections are synonymous with impaired immune responsiveness indicating suppression of host immunity. Using a permissive murine model of filariasis, Litomosoides sigmodontis infection of inbred mice, we demonstrate rapid recruitment and increased in vivo proliferation of CD41Foxp31 Treg cells upon exposure to infective L3 larvae. Within 7 days post-infection this resulted in an increased percentage of CD41 T cells
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2015
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the first-line pharmacological treatment for ... more Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the first-line pharmacological treatment for pediatric major depressive disorder (MDD). We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the following: the time-course of response to SSRIs in pediatric depression; whether higher doses of SSRIs are associated with an improved response in pediatric depression; differences in efficacy between SSRI agents; and whether the time-course and magnitude of response to SSRIs is different in pediatric and adult patients with MDD. We searched PubMed and CENTRAL for randomized controlled trials comparing SSRIs to placebo for the treatment of pediatric MDD. We extracted weekly symptom data from trials to characterize the trajectory of pharmacological response to SSRIs. Pooled estimates of treatment effect were calculated based on standardized mean differences between treatment and placebo groups. The meta-analysis included 13 pediatric MDD trials with a total of 3,004 patients. A logarithmic model indicating that the greatest benefits of SSRIs occurred early in treatment best fit the longitudinal data (log[week] = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.06-0.15, p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .0001). There were no significant differences based on maximum SSRI dose or between particular SSRI agents. SSRIs were demonstrated to have a smaller benefit in pediatric compared to adult MDD. Treatment gains in pediatric MDD are greatest early in treatment and are, on average, minimal after 4 weeks of SSRI pharmacotherapy in pediatric MDD. Further research is needed using individual patient data to examine the power of early SSRI response (e.g., 2-4 weeks) to predict outcomes in short-term pharmacological trials.
24 hour ambulatory blood pressure rmmitoring (ABPM) are increasingly used in the management of hy... more 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure rmmitoring (ABPM) are increasingly used in the management of hypertension. Unfortunately cost has limited their role in mainstream clinical practice despite accumulating evidence of cost-effectiveness with i.dicio.s .s.. Before the =advemof ABPM, %elf-determination< or 'horn.< blood pressure (SHSP) showed promise but its ml. remain. m be established despite the availability of reliable, accurate, a"d easy to use semi-aromatic devices that are relatively cheap.
Current psychiatry reports, 2007
Antidepressant medications generally are considered to have a delayed onset of action; however, r... more Antidepressant medications generally are considered to have a delayed onset of action; however, recent evidence is beginning to challenge this conventional wisdom. Meta-analysis of placebo-controlled, randomized trials reveals that patients with depression are more likely to experience a clinically significant response with antidepressants than with placebo by the end of the first week of treatment. About one third of the total treatment benefit over 6 weeks is evident by the end of the first week. Early response to antidepressants is not necessarily a placebo response.
Thoracic surgery clinics, 2012
Empyema remains a major source of morbidity and health care expenditure in the thoracic surgery c... more Empyema remains a major source of morbidity and health care expenditure in the thoracic surgery community. Early intervention in pleural space infections is key to prevention of chronic empyemas and the need for surgical intervention. The advent of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery has made it possible to treat stage I and stage II empyemas with significantly less morbidity. Although management of chronic empyema remains a significant challenge, surgical intervention is usually successful in cleaning up the pleural space.
The Surgical clinics of North America, 2014
More options than ever before are currently available for medical therapy in patients who present... more More options than ever before are currently available for medical therapy in patients who present with advanced thyroid cancer or develop surgically unresectable recurrences or symptomatic or progressive disease. The newer medical therapies have addressed the need to find effective therapies beyond the conventional treatment with radioactive iodine, thyroid stimulating hormone suppression, and palliative cytotoxic chemotherapy for patients with advanced thyroid cancer. Although tumor responses to these medical therapies vary by type of thyroid cancer and type of therapy selected, they remain encouraging and provide therapeutic options for selected patients while new drugs are in development.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2014
Defects in Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASp) underlie development of WAS, an X-linked immun... more Defects in Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASp) underlie development of WAS, an X-linked immunodeficiency and autoimmunity disorder of childhood. Nucleation-promoting factors (NPFs) of the WASp family generate F-actin in the cytosol via the VCA (verprolin-homology, cofilin-homology, and acidic) domain and support RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription in the nucleus. Whether nuclear-WASp requires the integration of its actin-related protein (ARP)2/3-dependent cytoplasmic function to reprogram gene transcription, however, remains unresolved. Using the model of human TH cell differentiation, we find that WASp has a functional nuclear localizing and nuclear exit sequences, and accordingly, its effects on transcription are controlled mainly at the level of its nuclear entry and exit via the nuclear pore. Human WASp does not use its VCA-dependent, ARP2/3-driven, cytoplasmic effector mechanisms to support histone H3K4 methyltransferase activity in the nucleus of TH1-skewed cells. Ac...
Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Machine Learning - ICML '09, 2009
Google, Inc. (search). ...
Marine Ecology-progress Series, 2007
Food Control, 2015
In the context of food safety, contamination of food-contact surfaces with pathogenic bacteria is... more In the context of food safety, contamination of food-contact surfaces with pathogenic bacteria is a global concern. This work investigates the potential of hydrophobically-modified, silica aerogel as a bacterial anti-adhesion food-contact surface. The bacterial anti-adhesion efficacies of hydrophobic silica aerogel, hydrophilic silica (negative control), and hydrophobic silica (positive control) were evaluated using dip inoculation with Salmonella Typhimurium LT2 and Listeria innocua NADC 2841 at 8.8 to 9.1 log CFU/mL. After rinsing, cells on these surfaces were enumerated by conventional plating as well as direct counting via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Compared with the negative control, the positive control and silica aerogel led to a reduced number of salmonellae by 1.2 ± 0.1 log units (93.23 ± 0.91%) and by 3.1 ± 0.1 log units (99.93 ± 0.01%), respectively via plate counting (p < 0.05). The log reductions in the number of L. innocua were 1.3 ± 0.0 (94.82 ± 0.21%) and 3.0 ± 0.0 (99.91 ± 0.01%) for the positive control and silica aerogel, respectively via plate counting (p < 0.05). Additional bacterial proliferation studies revealed that bacterial anti-adhesion properties, not antibacterial effects, were responsible for the observed reductions. Overall, bacterial anti-adhesion property as well as other distinctive properties such as superior thermal insulation and ultra-lightweight make hydrophobically-modified silica aerogel an attractive candidate as a novel food-contact surface.
Introduction: The serotonin transporter (SERT) has been implicated in many neuropsychiatric condi... more Introduction: The serotonin transporter (SERT) has been implicated in many neuropsychiatric conditions. Currently, [ 11 C]DASB is the most widely used radioligand to image the SERT with positron emission tomography (PET). However, previous workers (Szabo et al., 2002; Ikoma et al., 2002) have raised concern about the use of the cerebellum as a reference region to provide an estimate of the free and nonspecifically bound radioligand in brain tissue for the quantification of SERT binding. The aim of this investigation was to examine changes of binding in the cerebellum and to assess the regional uniformity of drug occupancy after intravenous infusion of citalopram, a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI).
Increasing interest surrounds potential neuroprotective or neurotrophic actions of antidepressant... more Increasing interest surrounds potential neuroprotective or neurotrophic actions of antidepressants. While growing evidence points to important early clinical and neuropsychological effects of antidepressants, the time-course of any effect on neuronal integrity is unclear. This study used magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess effects of short-term treatment with escitalopram on N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), a marker of neuronal integrity. Thirty-nine participants with major depression were randomly assigned to receive either 10 mg escitalopram or placebo daily in a double-blind, parallel group design. On the seventh day of treatment, PRESS data were obtained from a 30r30r20 mm voxel placed in medial frontal cortex. Age and gender-matched healthy controls who received no treatment were also scanned. Levels of NAA were significantly higher in patients treated with escitalopram than in either placebo-treated patients (p<0.01) or healthy controls (p<0.01). Our findings are consistent with the proposition that antidepressant treatment in depressed patients can produce early changes in neuronal integrity.
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2014
Accurate differentiation of bipolar and unipolar depression is a key clinical challenge. A biolog... more Accurate differentiation of bipolar and unipolar depression is a key clinical challenge. A biological measure that could differentiate bipolar and unipolar depression might supplement clinical assessment. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy measurements of total glutamate and glutamine (Glx) in anterior cingulate cortex are one potential measure. The objective of this study was to assess the potential performance of this measure. Meta-analysis of data from eleven studies where anterior cingulate Glx of depressed patients has been compared to that of healthy controls was performed. Effect sizes for bipolar and unipolar depression were calculated as Standardised Mean Differences. The best estimate of test classification performance on the basis of observed effects was calculated. People with unipolar depression had on average lower levels of Glx than healthy controls (effect size -1.05; 95% CI -058 to -1.53). People with bipolar depression tended towards higher Glx than healthy controls (effect size 0.40; 95% CI -0.04 to 0.85). This yielded a difference in Glx between unipolar and bipolar depression of effect size 1.46 (95% CI 0.80-2.11). Based on this difference, a test differentiating bipolar from unipolar depression by whether Glx was higher or lower than the average in healthy population would have sensitivity 0.66 and specificity 0.85. There is an absence of studies directly comparing unipolar and bipolar depressed patients. On available data, measurement of anterior cingulate Glx is a promising potential tool for differentiation of bipolar and unipolar depression. This potential effect requires direct validation within mixed clinical cohorts.
The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, 2009
The best current noninvasive surrogate for tumor biology is fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission ... more The best current noninvasive surrogate for tumor biology is fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). Both FDG-PET maximal standardized uptake values and selected tumor markers have been shown to correlate with stage, nodal disease, and survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there are limited data correlating FDG-PET with tumor markers. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of tumor marker expression with FDG-PET maximal standardized uptake values in NSCLC. FDG-PET maximal standardized uptake values were calculated in patients with NSCLC (n = 149). No patient had induction chemoradiotherapy. Intraoperative NSCLC tissue was obtained and tissue microarrays were created. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed for 5 known NSCLC tumor markers (glucose transporter 1, p53, cyclin D1, epidermal growth factor receptor, and vascular endothelial growth factor). Each tumor marker was assessed independently by two pathologists using com...
Thoracic surgery clinics, 2009
Determination of the genetic markers by the application of new genomic methodologies has provided... more Determination of the genetic markers by the application of new genomic methodologies has provided important insight into the pathogenesis of mediastinal disease. These new techniques have enabled scientists to uncover differential gene expression patterns between subtypes of thymomas, correlate tumor marker expression with germ cell tumors, and determine a link between the NF-kappaB and JAK/STAT pathways with Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Despite the progress made in the understanding of genetic markers of select mediastinal tumors, significantly more investigation is required to elucidate the molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of these tumors.
The Annals of thoracic surgery, 2014
Recurrence develops in nearly one-third of patients who undergo complete resection for non-small ... more Recurrence develops in nearly one-third of patients who undergo complete resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We sought to identify predictors of early recurrence (<2 years) in node-negative T1 to T2b NSCLC. We used a 10-year (1999 to 2008) single-institution retrospective review of a prospectively maintained lung cancer database. Exclusion criteria included carcinoid, adenocarcinoma in situ, and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma histologies, and any induction therapy. Patient demographics, clinical, and pathologic variables were analyzed. Recurrence was confirmed histologically in 86 patients (85%) or radiographically in 16 (15%). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression (C statistic = 0.7) and Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed (p < 0.05 is significant). An R0 resection of a node-negative T1 to T2b NSCLC was performed in 532 patients. Procedures included lobectomy in 436, segmentectomy in 47, and wedge…
Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery, 2008
The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of life (QOL) and functional results of 42 p... more The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of life (QOL) and functional results of 42 patients undergoing primary (60%) and 23 patients undergoing redo (40%) transthoracic paraesophageal hernia repairs. All patients had a floppy Nissen or Belsey anti-reflux repair with or without a Collis gastroplasty. Morbidity occurred in 12% of patients and was similar between groups (P=1.0). Overall QOL scores were not different between groups. Patients undergoing initial repair were found to have significantly higher QOL scores related to their GERD symptoms (P=0.02). Postoperative GERD symptom scores were not significantly different between groups for heartburn, regurgitation, epigastric/chest pain, or cough. Redo patients had more bloating (P=0.02) and dysphagia (P=0.04). Overall, total GERD scores were higher in the redo group compared to the initial group indicating worse GERD-related dysfunction in the redo group (15.8+/-3.8 vs. 6.3+/-1.6, P=0.03). Functional and QOL analysis of ...