rashid mahmood - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by rashid mahmood
International Journal of Linguistics, 2011
The present paper examines the adaptation of English loanwords in Punjabi and Urdu particularly s... more The present paper examines the adaptation of English loanwords in Punjabi and Urdu particularly substitution of vowels. It is a comparative study of vowel substitution in Punjabi and Urdu which concludes that both recipient languages reshape English vowels to the closest available vowels in their phonemic inventories. For the purpose of determining the substitution of vowels, two corpora have been used: questionnaire-based corpus of English loanwords in Punjabi and Urdu (Hussain, 2011), and spoken corpus based on Punjabi dramas,
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dec 30, 2014
Eruca sativa seed samples were purchased from local herbal store of Rawalpindi. Seeds samples wer... more Eruca sativa seed samples were purchased from local herbal store of Rawalpindi. Seeds samples were dried in shade and followed by drying and finally converted into powered form (40 mash). This powder was again dried in the pre-set incubator at 50 o C for the removal of its
Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2012
A study was carried out to determine the effects of thymol (powdered form) with 3.2% oxalic acid ... more A study was carried out to determine the effects of thymol (powdered form) with 3.2% oxalic acid (OA) on two ectoparasitic mites, Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman (Acari:Varroidae) and Tropilaelaps clareae Delfinado and Baker (Laelapidae: Acrina) populations in honeybee Apis mellifera linguistica (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies in the fall. Thymol 2, 4 and 6 g with 3.2% OA applied to twenty honeybee colonies thrice on different dates, showed 26, 41, 36% mortality in T. clareae and 93, 99 and 94% mortality in V. destructor, respectively. The results showed that 3.2% OA with 4g thymol was the best treatment for controlling these mites. No queens were lost, and there was no adult honeybee mortality in any of the colonies during the experiment.
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Feb 1, 2003
Allergic diseases are fairly common in all parts of the world and involve all ethnic groups with ... more Allergic diseases are fairly common in all parts of the world and involve all ethnic groups with bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis and eczema being the commonest manifestations. Despite our efforts, their incidence is on an escalating path. The use of herbal remedies and standardized extracts for treatment of allergy and other diseases has been gaining momentum in recent years. The qualitative and quantitative determination of phyto-chemicals and assessment of the anti-allergic and antiinflammatory activities using aqueous and organic extracts of different plant parts (root, stem and leaves) of Mentha arvensis in animals showed that all parts of M. arvensis (specifically, leaves) are rich source of secondary phytoconstituents, which impart their therapeutic effects against allergic and inflammatory diseases. These results support the claim about the use of this herb in folk medicines.
African Journal of Microbiology Research, Oct 1, 2011
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) commonly used in food, as starter cultures are known to produce antimi... more Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) commonly used in food, as starter cultures are known to produce antimicrobial substances such as bacteriocins and have great potential as food bio-preservatives. Yogurt is a probiotic dairy product having Lactobacillus bulgaricus as natural source for fermentation. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin, produced by Lactobacillus bulgaricus isolated from yogurt and tested against pathogenic organisms. The identification of the culture was based on characteristics of the strains of Lactobacillus spp. on the basis of microscopy (morphology), Gram straining, growth at 37 and 45°C, fermentation of different carbohydrate sources and growth in MRS broth. On the basis of all of the identification tests, one strain isolated from the yogurt was identified as L. bulgaricus. Culture supernatants were obtained from the sixty out of hundred isolates of Lactobacillus spp. exhibited varying degrees of inhibitory activity against strains of Bacillus subtilis, ATCC #6633, Escherichia coli, ATCC, #10536, Salmonella typhi, ATCC# 19430, Staphylococcus aureus, ATCC #6538, Vibrio cholerae, ATCC #25870. Specifically, Vibrio cholerae was found most sensitive to bacteriocin, exhibiting maximum zone of inhibition 18.3 mm.
Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2011
The study was conducted during March-April, 2007 with two groups each of four honeybee colonies a... more The study was conducted during March-April, 2007 with two groups each of four honeybee colonies at Honeybee Research Institute, NARC Islamabad. One group was treated with thymol and the other with formic acid. The 4 gm thymol (powdered form) and the formic acid 65% (20ml) were applied 4 times at weekly interval. It was found out that formic acid killed significantly higher number of mites as compared to thymol. The total honey production harvested from colonies treated with different acaricides remained the same.
![Research paper thumbnail of Hexakis(N,N'-dimethylthiourea-[kappa]S)nickel(II) nitrate](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46600189/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online, Oct 13, 2010
Key indicators: single-crystal X-ray study; T = 223 K; mean (N-C) = 0.003 Å; R factor = 0.029; wR... more Key indicators: single-crystal X-ray study; T = 223 K; mean (N-C) = 0.003 Å; R factor = 0.029; wR factor = 0.056; data-to-parameter ratio = 15.2.
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2012
Allergic diseases are fairly common in all parts of the world and involve all ethnic groups with ... more Allergic diseases are fairly common in all parts of the world and involve all ethnic groups with bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis and eczema being the commonest manifestations. Despite our efforts, their incidence is on an escalating path. The use of herbal remedies and standardized extracts for treatment of allergy and other diseases has been gaining momentum in recent years. The qualitative and quantitative determination of phyto-chemicals and assessment of the anti-allergic and antiinflammatory activities using aqueous and organic extracts of different plant parts (root, stem and leaves) of Mentha arvensis in animals showed that all parts of M. arvensis (specifically, leaves) are rich source of secondary phytoconstituents, which impart their therapeutic effects against allergic and inflammatory diseases. These results support the claim about the use of this herb in folk medicines.
Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online
Key indicators: single-crystal X-ray study; T = 223 K; mean (N-C) = 0.003 Å; R factor = 0.029; wR... more Key indicators: single-crystal X-ray study; T = 223 K; mean (N-C) = 0.003 Å; R factor = 0.029; wR factor = 0.056; data-to-parameter ratio = 15.2.
A reaction between Moxifloxacin HCl and FeCl 3 solution in slightly acidic medium was studied.
Annual paper production is measure of the development of a country. Paper is made from cellulose ... more Annual paper production is measure of the development of a country. Paper is made from cellulose based raw material, after their chemical and mechanical treatments. There treatment discharge waste water into the environment which is carried along the water channels like drains. The water form these drains is used by formers for irrigation purposes. If this drained water contains harmful effluents it can badly affect crops. To over come or minimize this damage present study was carried out. Various parameters were checked using standard procedure recommended by American Public Health Association and the results were compared with National Environmental Quality standards (NEQs) of Pakistan. The value of average temperature, pH, TDS and chloride was in harmony with NEQs, whereas the values of the other parameters like TSS, BOD5, COD, Copper and iron were above the NEQs limits for effluents. The violation of the parameters from NEQs suggest that it is time to take steps to check the discharge of unreacted or incomplete treatment effluents into these drains and distribution, so to ensure healthy environment for future generations.
Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences
The research work was carried out to determine the effects of oxalic acid (OA) on reducing ectopa... more The research work was carried out to determine the effects of oxalic acid (OA) on reducing ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman (Acari:Varroidae) populations in honeybee Apis mellifera linguistica (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies in the fall at Honey bee Research Institute, National Agricultural Research centre, Islamabad. Twenty honeybee colonies were used in this experiment. Colonies were divided into four groups of five colonies each. Oxalic acid was applied in sugar syrup with 4.2, 3. 2 and 2.1% concentrations. The OA with different concentrations was tricked directly on the adult honey bees in between two frames using a syringe applied thrice on different dates at five days interval. Average efficacy of OA with 3.2, 4.2 and 2.1 % was 95, 81 and 46 % respectively. No queens were lost, and there was no adult honeybee mortality in any of the colonies during the experiment. It can be concluded that 3.2% OA concentration are very effectively control varroa mite an...
The Scientific World Journal, 2015
A bacterial consortium BMP1/SDSC/01 consisting of six isolates was isolated from textile effected... more A bacterial consortium BMP1/SDSC/01 consisting of six isolates was isolated from textile effected soil, sludge, and textile effluent from Hudiara drain near Nishat Mills Limited, Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan. It was selected because of being capable of degrading and detoxifying red, green, black, and yellow textile dyes. The pH and supplements were optimized to enhance the decolorization ability of the selected consortium. The results indicated that decolorizing ability of consortium for the red, green, black, and yellow dyes was higher as compared to individual strains. The consortium was able to decolorize 84%, 84%, 85%, 85%, and 82% of 200 ppm of red, green, black, yellow, and mixed dyes within 24 h while individual strain required 72 h. On supplementing urea, the consortium decolorized 87, 86, 89, 86, and 83%, respectively, while on supplementing sodium chloride the consortium decolorized 93, 94, 93, 94, and 89% of red, green, black, yellow, and mixed dyes, respectively, which was maximum while in the presence of ascorbic acid and ammonium chloride it showed intermediate results. The effect of untreated and treated dyes was investigated on Zea mays L. (maize) and Sorghum vulgare Pers. (sorghum). This study will help to promote an efficient biotreatment of textile effluents.
Different doses of Calcium carbide (CaC 2) were tested at various growth stages of wheat (Triticu... more Different doses of Calcium carbide (CaC 2) were tested at various growth stages of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with and without nitrogen fertilizer (urea) in a pot experiment. CaC 2 was applied @ 15, 30, and 45 mg kg -1 soil with N fertilizer @ 60 mg kg -1 soil at sowing, one, two and four weeks after sowing. Number of tillers, grain yield and N uptake were significantly improved by the application of CaC 2 plus NPK compared to fertilizer alone and control. Reduction in plant height while increased tillering were observed as inhibitory and stimulatory effects of Calcium carbide. Maximum number of tillers, grain yield and N uptake were observed by the application of 30 mg CaC 2 kg -1 soil with N fertilizer. Results indicated that application of 30 mg kg -1 among doses of CaC 2 while two weeks after sowing among time of application of CaC 2 were found better than all other treatments.
Pakistan journal of zoology
The proposed research work was conducted in March, 2008 at Honeybee Research Institute of Nationa... more The proposed research work was conducted in March, 2008 at Honeybee Research Institute of National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad on Apis mellifera lingustica honeybee colonies infested with the Tropilaelaps clareae. Treatments were given by dividing experimental 36 colonies into two groups (Formic acid and Thymol). Formic acid (70%) and Thymol were applied in six treatments including control (To=0.0 ml, T1=5ml, T2=10ml, T3=15ml, T4=20ml and T5= 25ml) and (To=0.0g, T1=5g, T2=10g, T3=15g, T4=20g, and T5=25g) respectively with three replications for five weeks. The treatments were given randomly by using complete randomized design (CRD). The maximum number 782 and 518 of mites collected in mite collection trays treated with 25 ml formic acid and 25 g of thymol. The highest efficacy of formic acid and thymol against T. clareae on honeybee was 97 and 95.3%. In formic acid group T5 (25 ml) yielded the maximum honey 22.54 kg/colony. In thymol group, T5 (25g) yielded the maximum h...
Calcium carbide (CaC2) is a source of acetylene gas which is a well known nitrification inhibitor... more Calcium carbide (CaC2) is a source of acetylene gas which is a well known nitrification inhibitor and converts into ethylene in the soil environment. Ethylene is a potent plant growth regulator and influences a number of biological processes from root growth to leaf senescence. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of a calcium carbide based formulation, Matrix-I (21 % calcium carbide, 58% polyethylene and 21% plaster of paris), applied at 0, 7.5, 15 and 22.5 mg CaC2 kg-1 soil at 0, 4, 8 and 12 cm soil depth, on growth, yield and nitrogen uptake of wheat. Increasing the rate and application depth of Matrix-I, decreased wheat plant height and increased the number of tillers, biological yield, grain yield, 1 ,000-grains weight and nitrogen uptake by wheat grain and straw. However, when calcium carbide at 22.5 mg kg-1 soil was applied at greater soil depths, it inversely affected the economical yield of wheat. Comparatively maximum increase in yield parameters of wheat was...
Along with the other medicinal plants Eruca sativa has remarkable potential against various disea... more Along with the other medicinal plants Eruca sativa has remarkable potential against various diseases. Present work is based on the estimation of antioxidant potential of dist. Water, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of E. sativa seed oil. On phytochemical determination it was exposed that different plant extracts/fractions contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, carbohydrates, steroids and proteins. Its physico-chemical screening was concluded the saponification value and fat value of the E. sativa seed oil. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by using DPPH free radical scavenging scheme. The maximum (30.60±1.1) anti-oxidative potential was exhibited by aqueous extract of E. sativa seed oil. IC50 was calculated maximum 126.2 in eq. extract of E. sativa seed oil. From current study, it is concluded that this plant seed oil could be used as a source of natural antioxidant and medicinal purposes.
Use of synthetic chemical fungicides against soil borne plant pathogens is discouraged because of... more Use of synthetic chemical fungicides against soil borne plant pathogens is discouraged because of the cost, health and environmental issues. Consequently, research has been initiated to explore antifungal potential of natural products like plant extracts, but most of the investigations neglect the impact of drenching with extracts on soil biological activities, particularly those related to soil fertility. Aqueous leaf extracts of eight weeds, which are mostly reported to have antifungal potential, namely Cannabis sativa (L.), Datura alba (L.), Parthenium hysterophorus (L.), Euphorbia hirta (L.), Solanum nigrum (L.), Calotropis procera (L.), Ricinus communis (L.) and Convolvulus arvensis (L.) were evaluated at 200, 400 and 600 ppm in malt extract broth medium by using food poisoning technique, against a soil borne pathogenic fungus Fusarium solani. After 10 days of incubation, the weed extracts significantly inhibited the growth of F. solani. All the extracts, except E. hirta and C....
International Journal of Linguistics, 2011
The present paper examines the adaptation of English loanwords in Punjabi and Urdu particularly s... more The present paper examines the adaptation of English loanwords in Punjabi and Urdu particularly substitution of vowels. It is a comparative study of vowel substitution in Punjabi and Urdu which concludes that both recipient languages reshape English vowels to the closest available vowels in their phonemic inventories. For the purpose of determining the substitution of vowels, two corpora have been used: questionnaire-based corpus of English loanwords in Punjabi and Urdu (Hussain, 2011), and spoken corpus based on Punjabi dramas,
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dec 30, 2014
Eruca sativa seed samples were purchased from local herbal store of Rawalpindi. Seeds samples wer... more Eruca sativa seed samples were purchased from local herbal store of Rawalpindi. Seeds samples were dried in shade and followed by drying and finally converted into powered form (40 mash). This powder was again dried in the pre-set incubator at 50 o C for the removal of its
Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2012
A study was carried out to determine the effects of thymol (powdered form) with 3.2% oxalic acid ... more A study was carried out to determine the effects of thymol (powdered form) with 3.2% oxalic acid (OA) on two ectoparasitic mites, Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman (Acari:Varroidae) and Tropilaelaps clareae Delfinado and Baker (Laelapidae: Acrina) populations in honeybee Apis mellifera linguistica (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies in the fall. Thymol 2, 4 and 6 g with 3.2% OA applied to twenty honeybee colonies thrice on different dates, showed 26, 41, 36% mortality in T. clareae and 93, 99 and 94% mortality in V. destructor, respectively. The results showed that 3.2% OA with 4g thymol was the best treatment for controlling these mites. No queens were lost, and there was no adult honeybee mortality in any of the colonies during the experiment.
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Feb 1, 2003
Allergic diseases are fairly common in all parts of the world and involve all ethnic groups with ... more Allergic diseases are fairly common in all parts of the world and involve all ethnic groups with bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis and eczema being the commonest manifestations. Despite our efforts, their incidence is on an escalating path. The use of herbal remedies and standardized extracts for treatment of allergy and other diseases has been gaining momentum in recent years. The qualitative and quantitative determination of phyto-chemicals and assessment of the anti-allergic and antiinflammatory activities using aqueous and organic extracts of different plant parts (root, stem and leaves) of Mentha arvensis in animals showed that all parts of M. arvensis (specifically, leaves) are rich source of secondary phytoconstituents, which impart their therapeutic effects against allergic and inflammatory diseases. These results support the claim about the use of this herb in folk medicines.
African Journal of Microbiology Research, Oct 1, 2011
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) commonly used in food, as starter cultures are known to produce antimi... more Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) commonly used in food, as starter cultures are known to produce antimicrobial substances such as bacteriocins and have great potential as food bio-preservatives. Yogurt is a probiotic dairy product having Lactobacillus bulgaricus as natural source for fermentation. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin, produced by Lactobacillus bulgaricus isolated from yogurt and tested against pathogenic organisms. The identification of the culture was based on characteristics of the strains of Lactobacillus spp. on the basis of microscopy (morphology), Gram straining, growth at 37 and 45°C, fermentation of different carbohydrate sources and growth in MRS broth. On the basis of all of the identification tests, one strain isolated from the yogurt was identified as L. bulgaricus. Culture supernatants were obtained from the sixty out of hundred isolates of Lactobacillus spp. exhibited varying degrees of inhibitory activity against strains of Bacillus subtilis, ATCC #6633, Escherichia coli, ATCC, #10536, Salmonella typhi, ATCC# 19430, Staphylococcus aureus, ATCC #6538, Vibrio cholerae, ATCC #25870. Specifically, Vibrio cholerae was found most sensitive to bacteriocin, exhibiting maximum zone of inhibition 18.3 mm.
Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2011
The study was conducted during March-April, 2007 with two groups each of four honeybee colonies a... more The study was conducted during March-April, 2007 with two groups each of four honeybee colonies at Honeybee Research Institute, NARC Islamabad. One group was treated with thymol and the other with formic acid. The 4 gm thymol (powdered form) and the formic acid 65% (20ml) were applied 4 times at weekly interval. It was found out that formic acid killed significantly higher number of mites as compared to thymol. The total honey production harvested from colonies treated with different acaricides remained the same.
Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online, Oct 13, 2010
Key indicators: single-crystal X-ray study; T = 223 K; mean (N-C) = 0.003 Å; R factor = 0.029; wR... more Key indicators: single-crystal X-ray study; T = 223 K; mean (N-C) = 0.003 Å; R factor = 0.029; wR factor = 0.056; data-to-parameter ratio = 15.2.
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2012
Allergic diseases are fairly common in all parts of the world and involve all ethnic groups with ... more Allergic diseases are fairly common in all parts of the world and involve all ethnic groups with bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis and eczema being the commonest manifestations. Despite our efforts, their incidence is on an escalating path. The use of herbal remedies and standardized extracts for treatment of allergy and other diseases has been gaining momentum in recent years. The qualitative and quantitative determination of phyto-chemicals and assessment of the anti-allergic and antiinflammatory activities using aqueous and organic extracts of different plant parts (root, stem and leaves) of Mentha arvensis in animals showed that all parts of M. arvensis (specifically, leaves) are rich source of secondary phytoconstituents, which impart their therapeutic effects against allergic and inflammatory diseases. These results support the claim about the use of this herb in folk medicines.
Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online
Key indicators: single-crystal X-ray study; T = 223 K; mean (N-C) = 0.003 Å; R factor = 0.029; wR... more Key indicators: single-crystal X-ray study; T = 223 K; mean (N-C) = 0.003 Å; R factor = 0.029; wR factor = 0.056; data-to-parameter ratio = 15.2.
A reaction between Moxifloxacin HCl and FeCl 3 solution in slightly acidic medium was studied.
Annual paper production is measure of the development of a country. Paper is made from cellulose ... more Annual paper production is measure of the development of a country. Paper is made from cellulose based raw material, after their chemical and mechanical treatments. There treatment discharge waste water into the environment which is carried along the water channels like drains. The water form these drains is used by formers for irrigation purposes. If this drained water contains harmful effluents it can badly affect crops. To over come or minimize this damage present study was carried out. Various parameters were checked using standard procedure recommended by American Public Health Association and the results were compared with National Environmental Quality standards (NEQs) of Pakistan. The value of average temperature, pH, TDS and chloride was in harmony with NEQs, whereas the values of the other parameters like TSS, BOD5, COD, Copper and iron were above the NEQs limits for effluents. The violation of the parameters from NEQs suggest that it is time to take steps to check the discharge of unreacted or incomplete treatment effluents into these drains and distribution, so to ensure healthy environment for future generations.
Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences
The research work was carried out to determine the effects of oxalic acid (OA) on reducing ectopa... more The research work was carried out to determine the effects of oxalic acid (OA) on reducing ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman (Acari:Varroidae) populations in honeybee Apis mellifera linguistica (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies in the fall at Honey bee Research Institute, National Agricultural Research centre, Islamabad. Twenty honeybee colonies were used in this experiment. Colonies were divided into four groups of five colonies each. Oxalic acid was applied in sugar syrup with 4.2, 3. 2 and 2.1% concentrations. The OA with different concentrations was tricked directly on the adult honey bees in between two frames using a syringe applied thrice on different dates at five days interval. Average efficacy of OA with 3.2, 4.2 and 2.1 % was 95, 81 and 46 % respectively. No queens were lost, and there was no adult honeybee mortality in any of the colonies during the experiment. It can be concluded that 3.2% OA concentration are very effectively control varroa mite an...
The Scientific World Journal, 2015
A bacterial consortium BMP1/SDSC/01 consisting of six isolates was isolated from textile effected... more A bacterial consortium BMP1/SDSC/01 consisting of six isolates was isolated from textile effected soil, sludge, and textile effluent from Hudiara drain near Nishat Mills Limited, Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan. It was selected because of being capable of degrading and detoxifying red, green, black, and yellow textile dyes. The pH and supplements were optimized to enhance the decolorization ability of the selected consortium. The results indicated that decolorizing ability of consortium for the red, green, black, and yellow dyes was higher as compared to individual strains. The consortium was able to decolorize 84%, 84%, 85%, 85%, and 82% of 200 ppm of red, green, black, yellow, and mixed dyes within 24 h while individual strain required 72 h. On supplementing urea, the consortium decolorized 87, 86, 89, 86, and 83%, respectively, while on supplementing sodium chloride the consortium decolorized 93, 94, 93, 94, and 89% of red, green, black, yellow, and mixed dyes, respectively, which was maximum while in the presence of ascorbic acid and ammonium chloride it showed intermediate results. The effect of untreated and treated dyes was investigated on Zea mays L. (maize) and Sorghum vulgare Pers. (sorghum). This study will help to promote an efficient biotreatment of textile effluents.
Different doses of Calcium carbide (CaC 2) were tested at various growth stages of wheat (Triticu... more Different doses of Calcium carbide (CaC 2) were tested at various growth stages of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with and without nitrogen fertilizer (urea) in a pot experiment. CaC 2 was applied @ 15, 30, and 45 mg kg -1 soil with N fertilizer @ 60 mg kg -1 soil at sowing, one, two and four weeks after sowing. Number of tillers, grain yield and N uptake were significantly improved by the application of CaC 2 plus NPK compared to fertilizer alone and control. Reduction in plant height while increased tillering were observed as inhibitory and stimulatory effects of Calcium carbide. Maximum number of tillers, grain yield and N uptake were observed by the application of 30 mg CaC 2 kg -1 soil with N fertilizer. Results indicated that application of 30 mg kg -1 among doses of CaC 2 while two weeks after sowing among time of application of CaC 2 were found better than all other treatments.
Pakistan journal of zoology
The proposed research work was conducted in March, 2008 at Honeybee Research Institute of Nationa... more The proposed research work was conducted in March, 2008 at Honeybee Research Institute of National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad on Apis mellifera lingustica honeybee colonies infested with the Tropilaelaps clareae. Treatments were given by dividing experimental 36 colonies into two groups (Formic acid and Thymol). Formic acid (70%) and Thymol were applied in six treatments including control (To=0.0 ml, T1=5ml, T2=10ml, T3=15ml, T4=20ml and T5= 25ml) and (To=0.0g, T1=5g, T2=10g, T3=15g, T4=20g, and T5=25g) respectively with three replications for five weeks. The treatments were given randomly by using complete randomized design (CRD). The maximum number 782 and 518 of mites collected in mite collection trays treated with 25 ml formic acid and 25 g of thymol. The highest efficacy of formic acid and thymol against T. clareae on honeybee was 97 and 95.3%. In formic acid group T5 (25 ml) yielded the maximum honey 22.54 kg/colony. In thymol group, T5 (25g) yielded the maximum h...
Calcium carbide (CaC2) is a source of acetylene gas which is a well known nitrification inhibitor... more Calcium carbide (CaC2) is a source of acetylene gas which is a well known nitrification inhibitor and converts into ethylene in the soil environment. Ethylene is a potent plant growth regulator and influences a number of biological processes from root growth to leaf senescence. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of a calcium carbide based formulation, Matrix-I (21 % calcium carbide, 58% polyethylene and 21% plaster of paris), applied at 0, 7.5, 15 and 22.5 mg CaC2 kg-1 soil at 0, 4, 8 and 12 cm soil depth, on growth, yield and nitrogen uptake of wheat. Increasing the rate and application depth of Matrix-I, decreased wheat plant height and increased the number of tillers, biological yield, grain yield, 1 ,000-grains weight and nitrogen uptake by wheat grain and straw. However, when calcium carbide at 22.5 mg kg-1 soil was applied at greater soil depths, it inversely affected the economical yield of wheat. Comparatively maximum increase in yield parameters of wheat was...
Along with the other medicinal plants Eruca sativa has remarkable potential against various disea... more Along with the other medicinal plants Eruca sativa has remarkable potential against various diseases. Present work is based on the estimation of antioxidant potential of dist. Water, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of E. sativa seed oil. On phytochemical determination it was exposed that different plant extracts/fractions contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, carbohydrates, steroids and proteins. Its physico-chemical screening was concluded the saponification value and fat value of the E. sativa seed oil. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by using DPPH free radical scavenging scheme. The maximum (30.60±1.1) anti-oxidative potential was exhibited by aqueous extract of E. sativa seed oil. IC50 was calculated maximum 126.2 in eq. extract of E. sativa seed oil. From current study, it is concluded that this plant seed oil could be used as a source of natural antioxidant and medicinal purposes.
Use of synthetic chemical fungicides against soil borne plant pathogens is discouraged because of... more Use of synthetic chemical fungicides against soil borne plant pathogens is discouraged because of the cost, health and environmental issues. Consequently, research has been initiated to explore antifungal potential of natural products like plant extracts, but most of the investigations neglect the impact of drenching with extracts on soil biological activities, particularly those related to soil fertility. Aqueous leaf extracts of eight weeds, which are mostly reported to have antifungal potential, namely Cannabis sativa (L.), Datura alba (L.), Parthenium hysterophorus (L.), Euphorbia hirta (L.), Solanum nigrum (L.), Calotropis procera (L.), Ricinus communis (L.) and Convolvulus arvensis (L.) were evaluated at 200, 400 and 600 ppm in malt extract broth medium by using food poisoning technique, against a soil borne pathogenic fungus Fusarium solani. After 10 days of incubation, the weed extracts significantly inhibited the growth of F. solani. All the extracts, except E. hirta and C....