World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (original) (raw)
Papers by World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
In a retrospective approach on the link between PIC/S guide to GMP is to meet the quality and sta... more In a retrospective approach on the link between PIC/S guide to GMP is to meet the quality and standards in manufacturing the Pharmaceutical products. The Pharmaceutical Inspection Cooperation Scheme (PIC/S) is a scheme promising to informal cooperative arrangement between Regulatory Authorities in the field of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) of medicinal products for human. It is open to any Authority having a comparable GMP inspection system. The main instrument for harmonisation has been the PIC/S GMP Guide. The PIC/S provide an active and constructive cooperation in the field of GMP and related areas. The purpose of PIC/S is to facilitate, networking between participating authorities, maintenance of mutual confidence, exchange of information and experience, mutual training of GMP inspectors.
An improved process developed for the synthesis of API, Cilastatin Sodium with more than 99.5% pu... more An improved process developed for the synthesis of API, Cilastatin Sodium with more than 99.5% purity and all impurities well below the regulatory limits. The process was specially modified to control the epimeric impurities; solvent purification methods have been developed to achieve desired quality of API without any use of either column chromatography or ion-exchange chromatography.
![Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis of 3-pyridyl [1, 2, 4] triazolo [3, 4-b] [1, 3, 4] thiadiazepines and evaluation of their antibacterial and antifungal activities](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54570308/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](How to Cite this Article: Ayswarya K, Vimal V.V, Anusha Ajayakumar. Synthesis of 3-pyridyl [1, 2,... more How to Cite this Article: Ayswarya K, Vimal V.V, Anusha Ajayakumar. Synthesis of 3-pyridyl [1, 2, 4] triazolo [3, 4-b] [1, 3, 4] thiadiazepines and evaluation of their antibacterial and antifungal activities. World J Pharm Sci 2017; 5(9): 267-270. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which allows adapt, share and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. ABSTRACT Some novel 3-pyridyl [1, 2, 4] triazolo [3, 4-b] [1, 3, 4] thiadiazepines derivatives were synthesized from substituted 4-amino 5-pyridine-3-yl-1, 2, 4 triazole 3-thiol and substituted chalcones in the presence of glacial acetic acid and ethanol. Identification of the new compounds was established by Infra Red spectral data. All the synthesized compounds were tested for their in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. The best activity was observed with compounds 3b, 3d, 3e.
Medicinal bloodletting has been practiced since the Stone Age. Leeches were widely used in India,... more Medicinal bloodletting has been practiced since the Stone Age. Leeches were widely used in India, Europe, especially in France for therapeutic purposes from relieving pains to the treatment of hypertension. Famous Indian surgeon Susruta had described the therapeutic use of leeches vividly in his treatise 'Susruta Samhita'. Records of the medical usage of leeches are found date back to the beginning of civilization. Illustration of leech application to patients was found in Egyptian tombs dating back to 1500 B.C. Uses of leeches was widely spread in ancient time all over the world. It is known that even great Avicenna used leeches for treatment of a number of diseases. At that time, leeches were used as a treatment for all diseases irrespective of the symptoms. It has been mentioned in Àyurvedic texts that Jalauka first sucks impure blood only; thereafter, she may suck pure blood. When she sucks pure blood, the patient may feel itching and pain in that area.
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the properties of the inclusion complex of tropolone ... more The aim of the present study is to evaluate the properties of the inclusion complex of tropolone (TPN)/γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) prepared by cogrinding method and coprecipitation method. The physical properties of the preparation were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, infrared absorption spectra, and 1 H-1 H NOESY NMR spectrum. Intermolecular interactions in the solid state were confirmed to be in the molar ratios TPN/γCD = 2/1 and TPN/γCD = 4/1 in the cogrinding method and molar ratio TPN/γCD = 2/1 in the coprecipitation method. In addition, in GM (TPN/γCD = 4/1), two molecules of TPN were encapsulated in the molecular space formed between γCD. Therefore, it was suggested that different inclusion structures of TPN/γCD complexes were formed using different preparation methods.
Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, which current chemotherapies are self-... more Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, which current chemotherapies are self-limiting due to inability to eliminate the parasite and induce toxic effects. Then, new therapies are necessary and antibiotics in combinations with new drugs can be an alternative. Camptothecin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, known by inducing loss of mitochondrial activity, were used to verify their anti-T. gondii activities. Infected host cells were incubated with the antibiotics at different concentrations (1-100 M) for 12 and 24 h. The parasites were eliminated from 5 M, 12 h, with no toxic effect to host cell until 50 M, 24 h. The reversibility assays confirmed that the camptothecin and tetracycline arrested the parasite replicative cycle, but not ciprofloxacin. The mitochondrial activity of parasite were gradually decreased during antibiotic treatments, although no morphological change was observed. In summary, the intracellular tachyzoites were eliminated from intracellular environment in presence of the antibiotics, possibly due to loss of its mitochondrial activity.
Recovery and molecular characterization of poly-β-hydoxybutyrate polymer by bacillus cereus isola... more Recovery and molecular characterization of poly-β-hydoxybutyrate polymer by bacillus cereus isolate P83. World J Pharm Sci 2017; 5(9): 237-249. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which allows adapt, share and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. ABSTRACT Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by Bacillus cereus isolate P83 was carried out in a 14L laboratory fermentor using mineral salt medium containing 0.7% corn oil and 0.1 g/L ammonium chloride as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively at 28°C, 200 rpm, 2 vvm and 7.2 pH. The maximum level of polyhydroxyalkanoates (53% per dry weight) was achieved after 24 hours of incubation. Different methods (Digestion by sodium hypochlorite, dispersion of chloroform and hypochlorite, mechanical dispersion and chloroform extraction) were used for polymer recovery. According to the obtained results, the highest molecular weight of polymer (2.15*10 4 g/mole) and lowest polydispersity (1.15) were achieved using chloroform extraction method. The results of the characterization techniques, IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy, showed polyhydroxybutyrate identity. Analysis of PHA synthase and PhaR subunit PCR products indicated class IV PHA synthase with enzymatic and specific activity (measured by DTNB assay) of 195U and 1500U/mg, respectively. In conclusion, Bacillus cereus isolate P83 is a candidate for commercial production of PHB polymer with high growth rate and promising polyhydroxybutyrate production level. The produced polymer is characterized by comparable molecular weight of polymer with low polydispersity value.
Background: In oral lichen planus (OLP), destruction of the basal cell layer, which is one of the... more Background: In oral lichen planus (OLP), destruction of the basal cell layer, which is one of the characteristic histological features, is seen and many changes in cell proliferation, cell repair and cell death occur in the injured mucosal epithelium. Lichen planus is a mucocutaneous disease, and its potential for malignant transformation is a subject of controversy. Objective: This study aimed to study on demographic profile and evaluate Ki-67 expression in OLP and OED. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 60 samples, categorized Group 1 (30 OLP) and Group 2 (30 OED) samples. Four µm thick sections were obtained and stained with monoclonal antibodies such as Ki-67 and analysed for number of positive cells and also for intensity of staining. Statistical analysis was done by using Mann Whitney–U test (P≤0.05). Results: Significant results were found only for expressions of Ki-67 in both study groups (p<0.05).
Globalization has resulted in motorization pacing up the number of road traffic accidents, thereb... more Globalization has resulted in motorization pacing up the number of road traffic accidents, thereby affecting the families, community and nations as a whole. In 2010, the WHO member countries declared 2011–2020. To determine the sociodemographic profile of road traffic accident victims. By age group, 41.0% of the subjects belong to 45-60 years followed by 18-45 years (39%). A large majority of the subjects was males (80.0%) and married (76%).
Phytochemical analysis and identification of flavonoid " quercetin " from Jatropha gossypifolia l... more Phytochemical analysis and identification of flavonoid " quercetin " from Jatropha gossypifolia l. (euphorbiaceae) leaf extract. World J Pharm Sci 2017; 5(8): 204-208. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which allows adapt, share and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. ABSTRACT Medicinal plants are the most exclusive source of life saving drugs for the majority of the world's population. Jatropha gossypifolia Linn. well known plant of family Euphorbiaceae is used as a therapeutic agent. In the present investigation, maximum percent extractive value was calculated for methanol extractive (24.0%). Preliminary phytochemical screening was performed as per standardized procedure of the various phytoconstituents in methanol, chloroform and water extract of J. gossypifolia L. leaves. Crude leaves extract in different solvent exhibited the presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, tannins and saponins. Flavonoid "quercetin" was isolated from leaves. The Rf value of test sample coincided with the Rf value of standard quercetin.The medicinal values of this plant could be attributed due to the presence of one or more of the detected metabolites.
The purpose of this work is to clarify if hypervitaminosis-A may induce fibrosis, then quantifica... more The purpose of this work is to clarify if hypervitaminosis-A may induce fibrosis, then quantification and grading of this possible induced fibrosis. The present study was included two groups of male rats. Group I: control group (10 rats). Group II: (20 rats) were injected with vitamin A (500 IU/Kg; interaperitoneally daily for 12 weeks). Livers, kidneys and testes were removed and stained with hematoxylin/eosin for histological alteration, Masson trichrome for collagen fibers staining and immunohistochemical stain for α-SMA. Fibrosis grading was done according to a scoring systems by knodell, Banff and Suskind. Collagen IV in serum and 4-hydroxyproline in tissues were assessed. Hypervitaminosis A induced fibrosis and significant increase (P >0.05) of collagen fibers in liver, kidney and testis. Scoring of fibrosis revealed that hepatic fibrosis established in 90% of animals, renal fibrosis was found in 80% of sections, while Testicular fibrosis was established in 70% of sections. Hypervitaminosis A induced significant increase (P >0.05) in α-SMA expression, serum collagen IV and 4-hydroxyproline in tissues. In conclusion, Hypervitaminosis A induced fibrosis in liver kidney and testis.
Mukia maderaspatna is a well reputed herb that belongs to Cucurbitaceae family. It is literarily ... more Mukia maderaspatna is a well reputed herb that belongs to Cucurbitaceae family. It is literarily recommended in siddha medicine and used in practice for various ailments. The existing research studies suggest Mukia maderaspatna has Antiplatelet, Antihyperlipidemic, Antihyperglycemic, Anti-oxidative Anxiolytic, Anti-hypertensive and Antimicrobial activities. The objective of this study is to explore the analgesic activity of the fresh leave sap of Mukia maderaspatna. This is evaluated by using tail immersion method in albino rats. The fresh leaf sap of Mukia maderaspatana (Linn) is found to have a good analgesic property.
Coconut, Cocos nucifera L., is a tree that is cultivated for its multiple utilities, mainly for i... more Coconut, Cocos nucifera L., is a tree that is cultivated for its multiple utilities, mainly for its nutritional and medicinal values. Coconuts are exotic, edible fruits produced in coconut trees. The coconut tree is a kind of palm tree with a single straight trunk and has been used for many purposes since prehistoric times. Every part has a use, including the fruits, wood, and leaves. Because of this, the trees are widely cultivated in many places in South India for both commercial and home use. From the coconut tree several products are obtained including coconut, tender coconut water, coconut toddy, coconut shell and so on. It's all parts are used. It is a unique source of various nutrients, and so it has many pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-neoplastic, anti-diabetic etc. The coconut water and coconut kernel contain various micronutrients which is used for disease prevention and for maintain good health. And this current review describes about the nutrient facts and several pharmacological activities of Cocos nucifera.
Background: Hematological complications have been documented to be the second most common cause o... more Background: Hematological complications have been documented to be the second most common cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV positive persons. In addition, treatment of HIV/AIDS showed side effects on hematological parameters. This study assessed hematological profile of HIV infected pregnant women after initiation of highly active antiretroviral treatment including the new Tenofovir drug. Method: Retrospective cohort study was conducted to assess hematological profile of HIV infected pregnant women after initiation of HAART at Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) clinic of Debreberhan referral hospital and Debreberhan health center in Ethiopia from January to August 2016. Data was collected from 51 patient cards of pregnant women that are available at the two health facilities between September 2009 and August 2016.The data was entered into Excel spread sheet and it was transported into STATA software for analysis. All data were presented as mean ± Standard error of the mean. Comparisons were made using the Paired T-test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered as indicative of a statistically significant difference. Result: The result from the present study shows that the HAART initiation in pregnant women with HIV increases the CD4 cell count and decreases means corpuscular hemoglobin concentration whereas other hematological parameters assessed here (WBC, lymphocyte count, total mid cell count… PCT) are not significantly affected at ninety five percent confidence interval. From the total of fifty one patient cards with complete CD4 count, twenty nine patient cards were recorded with TDF/3TC/EFV ART regimen. The remaining twenty two patient cards were documented with AZT/3TC/NVP regimen. Comparing the effect of the two Regimens on CD4 count, TDF/3TC/EFV increases the CD4 count significantly in pregnant women with HIV (p<0.0001). The other regimen (AZT/3TC/NVP) also increases the CD4 count from initial value as it is indicated by positive paired mean difference but this increase in CD4 count after AZT/3TC/NVP initiation in pregnant women with HIV is not statistically significant at 95 percent confidence interval. Conclusion: HAART initiation in pregnant women with HIV increases the CD4 cell count and decreases means corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. TDF/3TC/EFV ART regimen increases the CD4 count in pregnant women with HIV.
Aegle marmelos commonly known as Bilva or Bel is an important medicinal tree being used in severa... more Aegle marmelos commonly known as Bilva or Bel is an important medicinal tree being used in several herbal formulations. Bel root is an important ingredient of a very important Ayurvedic formulation " Dashmoola " (ten roots). The demand of the Bel roots is very high and increasing day by day. Moreover, there is a huge gap between demand and supply. In the present study, phytochemical evaluation of young Bel plants (roots and shoots) collected from central India was carried out with the objective to assess the suitability as raw drug. The suitability of alternative plant parts in place of root bark was also evaluated. This is the first attempt to assess the suitability of young roots obtained from high density Bel plantations with respect to their phytochemical constituents. The result revealed that the root bark of A. marmelos possess maximum amount of phenolic compounds and alkaloid content in comparison to other plant parts. However, stem bark also contain almost similar amount of chemical constituents and may substitute root bark.
Bacterial resistance to antibacterial drugs in the treatment of some bacterial infections has bec... more Bacterial resistance to antibacterial drugs in the treatment of some bacterial infections has become a serious threat, consequently causing untold hardship to patients and a challenge to healthcare practitioners. The antibacterial activity of cold, hot water and ethanolic extract of stem bark of Irvingia gabonensis against Escherichia coli was evaluated using Agar-well and Disc diffusion method. Tetracycline was used as positive control while distilled water and ethanol as negative controls. The organism was susceptible to ethanol extract with the diameter zone of inhibition range between 15mm-25mm in well-in-agar method and 10mm-15mm in paper disc diffusion method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was 200mg/ml respectively. Saponins, flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, phylobatanins and alkaloids are the phytochemical elements detected from the I.gabonensis bark stem extract. This study suggests that the bark extract of I.gabonensis has advantageous antibacterial properties against E.coli. Further exploration of these plant substances will possibly unveil its potential use for medication of ailments caused by the test organism.
Pulmonary fibrosis; a progressive and fatal lung disorder is a common interstitial lung disease a... more Pulmonary fibrosis; a progressive and fatal lung disorder is a common interstitial lung disease affecting millions of individuals worldwide with a mean survival time of about 3 years. It has been reported to be the most serious side effect observed with bleomycin's (BLM) use as a chemotherapeutic agent. Flavocoxid is a potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agent. In the current study, flavocoxid has been investigated for its ability to ameliorate BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, respiratory and vascular dysfunction in rats. BLM (5 mg/kg) was instilled intra-tracheally and flavocoxid was administered (20 mg/kg) orally for 5 weeks; one week pre-and 4 weeks post BLM instillation. Flavocoxid administration significantly decreased lung contents of Nrf2, HO-1, TLR4, TNF-α, TGF-β1. Moreover, flavocoxid successfully restored vascular response to Kcl, PE and carbacol and tracheal response to carbacol. In conclusion; flavocoxid ameliorated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and improved respiratory functions and can be proposed to be a potential effective therapeutic agent for management of pulmonary fibrosis.
Eight compounds were isolated for the first time from the methanolic extract of Malva
The main objective of the study is to investigate the fingerprint profile of Punic granatum using... more The main objective of the study is to investigate the fingerprint profile of Punic granatum using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) technique. Camag HPTLC system equipped with TLC Linomat V applicator, Camag TLC scanner III and winCATS software were used. Hydroalcoholic extracts of the flower of Punic granatum was developed in suitable mobile phase using standard procedures and the plates were kept in Photo-documentation chamber (CAMAG REPROSTAR 3) and captured the images at UV light at 254 nm and 366 nm. The fluorescent band (under 254 nm and 366 nm) at Rf 0.56 in mobile phase Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (5:4:1) was found and the marker compound Quercetin was quantified.
In a retrospective approach on the link between PIC/S guide to GMP is to meet the quality and sta... more In a retrospective approach on the link between PIC/S guide to GMP is to meet the quality and standards in manufacturing the Pharmaceutical products. The Pharmaceutical Inspection Cooperation Scheme (PIC/S) is a scheme promising to informal cooperative arrangement between Regulatory Authorities in the field of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) of medicinal products for human. It is open to any Authority having a comparable GMP inspection system. The main instrument for harmonisation has been the PIC/S GMP Guide. The PIC/S provide an active and constructive cooperation in the field of GMP and related areas. The purpose of PIC/S is to facilitate, networking between participating authorities, maintenance of mutual confidence, exchange of information and experience, mutual training of GMP inspectors.
An improved process developed for the synthesis of API, Cilastatin Sodium with more than 99.5% pu... more An improved process developed for the synthesis of API, Cilastatin Sodium with more than 99.5% purity and all impurities well below the regulatory limits. The process was specially modified to control the epimeric impurities; solvent purification methods have been developed to achieve desired quality of API without any use of either column chromatography or ion-exchange chromatography.
How to Cite this Article: Ayswarya K, Vimal V.V, Anusha Ajayakumar. Synthesis of 3-pyridyl [1, 2,... more How to Cite this Article: Ayswarya K, Vimal V.V, Anusha Ajayakumar. Synthesis of 3-pyridyl [1, 2, 4] triazolo [3, 4-b] [1, 3, 4] thiadiazepines and evaluation of their antibacterial and antifungal activities. World J Pharm Sci 2017; 5(9): 267-270. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which allows adapt, share and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. ABSTRACT Some novel 3-pyridyl [1, 2, 4] triazolo [3, 4-b] [1, 3, 4] thiadiazepines derivatives were synthesized from substituted 4-amino 5-pyridine-3-yl-1, 2, 4 triazole 3-thiol and substituted chalcones in the presence of glacial acetic acid and ethanol. Identification of the new compounds was established by Infra Red spectral data. All the synthesized compounds were tested for their in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. The best activity was observed with compounds 3b, 3d, 3e.
Medicinal bloodletting has been practiced since the Stone Age. Leeches were widely used in India,... more Medicinal bloodletting has been practiced since the Stone Age. Leeches were widely used in India, Europe, especially in France for therapeutic purposes from relieving pains to the treatment of hypertension. Famous Indian surgeon Susruta had described the therapeutic use of leeches vividly in his treatise 'Susruta Samhita'. Records of the medical usage of leeches are found date back to the beginning of civilization. Illustration of leech application to patients was found in Egyptian tombs dating back to 1500 B.C. Uses of leeches was widely spread in ancient time all over the world. It is known that even great Avicenna used leeches for treatment of a number of diseases. At that time, leeches were used as a treatment for all diseases irrespective of the symptoms. It has been mentioned in Àyurvedic texts that Jalauka first sucks impure blood only; thereafter, she may suck pure blood. When she sucks pure blood, the patient may feel itching and pain in that area.
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the properties of the inclusion complex of tropolone ... more The aim of the present study is to evaluate the properties of the inclusion complex of tropolone (TPN)/γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) prepared by cogrinding method and coprecipitation method. The physical properties of the preparation were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, infrared absorption spectra, and 1 H-1 H NOESY NMR spectrum. Intermolecular interactions in the solid state were confirmed to be in the molar ratios TPN/γCD = 2/1 and TPN/γCD = 4/1 in the cogrinding method and molar ratio TPN/γCD = 2/1 in the coprecipitation method. In addition, in GM (TPN/γCD = 4/1), two molecules of TPN were encapsulated in the molecular space formed between γCD. Therefore, it was suggested that different inclusion structures of TPN/γCD complexes were formed using different preparation methods.
Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, which current chemotherapies are self-... more Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, which current chemotherapies are self-limiting due to inability to eliminate the parasite and induce toxic effects. Then, new therapies are necessary and antibiotics in combinations with new drugs can be an alternative. Camptothecin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, known by inducing loss of mitochondrial activity, were used to verify their anti-T. gondii activities. Infected host cells were incubated with the antibiotics at different concentrations (1-100 M) for 12 and 24 h. The parasites were eliminated from 5 M, 12 h, with no toxic effect to host cell until 50 M, 24 h. The reversibility assays confirmed that the camptothecin and tetracycline arrested the parasite replicative cycle, but not ciprofloxacin. The mitochondrial activity of parasite were gradually decreased during antibiotic treatments, although no morphological change was observed. In summary, the intracellular tachyzoites were eliminated from intracellular environment in presence of the antibiotics, possibly due to loss of its mitochondrial activity.
Recovery and molecular characterization of poly-β-hydoxybutyrate polymer by bacillus cereus isola... more Recovery and molecular characterization of poly-β-hydoxybutyrate polymer by bacillus cereus isolate P83. World J Pharm Sci 2017; 5(9): 237-249. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which allows adapt, share and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. ABSTRACT Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by Bacillus cereus isolate P83 was carried out in a 14L laboratory fermentor using mineral salt medium containing 0.7% corn oil and 0.1 g/L ammonium chloride as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively at 28°C, 200 rpm, 2 vvm and 7.2 pH. The maximum level of polyhydroxyalkanoates (53% per dry weight) was achieved after 24 hours of incubation. Different methods (Digestion by sodium hypochlorite, dispersion of chloroform and hypochlorite, mechanical dispersion and chloroform extraction) were used for polymer recovery. According to the obtained results, the highest molecular weight of polymer (2.15*10 4 g/mole) and lowest polydispersity (1.15) were achieved using chloroform extraction method. The results of the characterization techniques, IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy, showed polyhydroxybutyrate identity. Analysis of PHA synthase and PhaR subunit PCR products indicated class IV PHA synthase with enzymatic and specific activity (measured by DTNB assay) of 195U and 1500U/mg, respectively. In conclusion, Bacillus cereus isolate P83 is a candidate for commercial production of PHB polymer with high growth rate and promising polyhydroxybutyrate production level. The produced polymer is characterized by comparable molecular weight of polymer with low polydispersity value.
Background: In oral lichen planus (OLP), destruction of the basal cell layer, which is one of the... more Background: In oral lichen planus (OLP), destruction of the basal cell layer, which is one of the characteristic histological features, is seen and many changes in cell proliferation, cell repair and cell death occur in the injured mucosal epithelium. Lichen planus is a mucocutaneous disease, and its potential for malignant transformation is a subject of controversy. Objective: This study aimed to study on demographic profile and evaluate Ki-67 expression in OLP and OED. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 60 samples, categorized Group 1 (30 OLP) and Group 2 (30 OED) samples. Four µm thick sections were obtained and stained with monoclonal antibodies such as Ki-67 and analysed for number of positive cells and also for intensity of staining. Statistical analysis was done by using Mann Whitney–U test (P≤0.05). Results: Significant results were found only for expressions of Ki-67 in both study groups (p<0.05).
Globalization has resulted in motorization pacing up the number of road traffic accidents, thereb... more Globalization has resulted in motorization pacing up the number of road traffic accidents, thereby affecting the families, community and nations as a whole. In 2010, the WHO member countries declared 2011–2020. To determine the sociodemographic profile of road traffic accident victims. By age group, 41.0% of the subjects belong to 45-60 years followed by 18-45 years (39%). A large majority of the subjects was males (80.0%) and married (76%).
Phytochemical analysis and identification of flavonoid " quercetin " from Jatropha gossypifolia l... more Phytochemical analysis and identification of flavonoid " quercetin " from Jatropha gossypifolia l. (euphorbiaceae) leaf extract. World J Pharm Sci 2017; 5(8): 204-208. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which allows adapt, share and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. ABSTRACT Medicinal plants are the most exclusive source of life saving drugs for the majority of the world's population. Jatropha gossypifolia Linn. well known plant of family Euphorbiaceae is used as a therapeutic agent. In the present investigation, maximum percent extractive value was calculated for methanol extractive (24.0%). Preliminary phytochemical screening was performed as per standardized procedure of the various phytoconstituents in methanol, chloroform and water extract of J. gossypifolia L. leaves. Crude leaves extract in different solvent exhibited the presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, tannins and saponins. Flavonoid "quercetin" was isolated from leaves. The Rf value of test sample coincided with the Rf value of standard quercetin.The medicinal values of this plant could be attributed due to the presence of one or more of the detected metabolites.
The purpose of this work is to clarify if hypervitaminosis-A may induce fibrosis, then quantifica... more The purpose of this work is to clarify if hypervitaminosis-A may induce fibrosis, then quantification and grading of this possible induced fibrosis. The present study was included two groups of male rats. Group I: control group (10 rats). Group II: (20 rats) were injected with vitamin A (500 IU/Kg; interaperitoneally daily for 12 weeks). Livers, kidneys and testes were removed and stained with hematoxylin/eosin for histological alteration, Masson trichrome for collagen fibers staining and immunohistochemical stain for α-SMA. Fibrosis grading was done according to a scoring systems by knodell, Banff and Suskind. Collagen IV in serum and 4-hydroxyproline in tissues were assessed. Hypervitaminosis A induced fibrosis and significant increase (P >0.05) of collagen fibers in liver, kidney and testis. Scoring of fibrosis revealed that hepatic fibrosis established in 90% of animals, renal fibrosis was found in 80% of sections, while Testicular fibrosis was established in 70% of sections. Hypervitaminosis A induced significant increase (P >0.05) in α-SMA expression, serum collagen IV and 4-hydroxyproline in tissues. In conclusion, Hypervitaminosis A induced fibrosis in liver kidney and testis.
Mukia maderaspatna is a well reputed herb that belongs to Cucurbitaceae family. It is literarily ... more Mukia maderaspatna is a well reputed herb that belongs to Cucurbitaceae family. It is literarily recommended in siddha medicine and used in practice for various ailments. The existing research studies suggest Mukia maderaspatna has Antiplatelet, Antihyperlipidemic, Antihyperglycemic, Anti-oxidative Anxiolytic, Anti-hypertensive and Antimicrobial activities. The objective of this study is to explore the analgesic activity of the fresh leave sap of Mukia maderaspatna. This is evaluated by using tail immersion method in albino rats. The fresh leaf sap of Mukia maderaspatana (Linn) is found to have a good analgesic property.
Coconut, Cocos nucifera L., is a tree that is cultivated for its multiple utilities, mainly for i... more Coconut, Cocos nucifera L., is a tree that is cultivated for its multiple utilities, mainly for its nutritional and medicinal values. Coconuts are exotic, edible fruits produced in coconut trees. The coconut tree is a kind of palm tree with a single straight trunk and has been used for many purposes since prehistoric times. Every part has a use, including the fruits, wood, and leaves. Because of this, the trees are widely cultivated in many places in South India for both commercial and home use. From the coconut tree several products are obtained including coconut, tender coconut water, coconut toddy, coconut shell and so on. It's all parts are used. It is a unique source of various nutrients, and so it has many pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-neoplastic, anti-diabetic etc. The coconut water and coconut kernel contain various micronutrients which is used for disease prevention and for maintain good health. And this current review describes about the nutrient facts and several pharmacological activities of Cocos nucifera.
Background: Hematological complications have been documented to be the second most common cause o... more Background: Hematological complications have been documented to be the second most common cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV positive persons. In addition, treatment of HIV/AIDS showed side effects on hematological parameters. This study assessed hematological profile of HIV infected pregnant women after initiation of highly active antiretroviral treatment including the new Tenofovir drug. Method: Retrospective cohort study was conducted to assess hematological profile of HIV infected pregnant women after initiation of HAART at Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) clinic of Debreberhan referral hospital and Debreberhan health center in Ethiopia from January to August 2016. Data was collected from 51 patient cards of pregnant women that are available at the two health facilities between September 2009 and August 2016.The data was entered into Excel spread sheet and it was transported into STATA software for analysis. All data were presented as mean ± Standard error of the mean. Comparisons were made using the Paired T-test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered as indicative of a statistically significant difference. Result: The result from the present study shows that the HAART initiation in pregnant women with HIV increases the CD4 cell count and decreases means corpuscular hemoglobin concentration whereas other hematological parameters assessed here (WBC, lymphocyte count, total mid cell count… PCT) are not significantly affected at ninety five percent confidence interval. From the total of fifty one patient cards with complete CD4 count, twenty nine patient cards were recorded with TDF/3TC/EFV ART regimen. The remaining twenty two patient cards were documented with AZT/3TC/NVP regimen. Comparing the effect of the two Regimens on CD4 count, TDF/3TC/EFV increases the CD4 count significantly in pregnant women with HIV (p<0.0001). The other regimen (AZT/3TC/NVP) also increases the CD4 count from initial value as it is indicated by positive paired mean difference but this increase in CD4 count after AZT/3TC/NVP initiation in pregnant women with HIV is not statistically significant at 95 percent confidence interval. Conclusion: HAART initiation in pregnant women with HIV increases the CD4 cell count and decreases means corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. TDF/3TC/EFV ART regimen increases the CD4 count in pregnant women with HIV.
Aegle marmelos commonly known as Bilva or Bel is an important medicinal tree being used in severa... more Aegle marmelos commonly known as Bilva or Bel is an important medicinal tree being used in several herbal formulations. Bel root is an important ingredient of a very important Ayurvedic formulation " Dashmoola " (ten roots). The demand of the Bel roots is very high and increasing day by day. Moreover, there is a huge gap between demand and supply. In the present study, phytochemical evaluation of young Bel plants (roots and shoots) collected from central India was carried out with the objective to assess the suitability as raw drug. The suitability of alternative plant parts in place of root bark was also evaluated. This is the first attempt to assess the suitability of young roots obtained from high density Bel plantations with respect to their phytochemical constituents. The result revealed that the root bark of A. marmelos possess maximum amount of phenolic compounds and alkaloid content in comparison to other plant parts. However, stem bark also contain almost similar amount of chemical constituents and may substitute root bark.
Bacterial resistance to antibacterial drugs in the treatment of some bacterial infections has bec... more Bacterial resistance to antibacterial drugs in the treatment of some bacterial infections has become a serious threat, consequently causing untold hardship to patients and a challenge to healthcare practitioners. The antibacterial activity of cold, hot water and ethanolic extract of stem bark of Irvingia gabonensis against Escherichia coli was evaluated using Agar-well and Disc diffusion method. Tetracycline was used as positive control while distilled water and ethanol as negative controls. The organism was susceptible to ethanol extract with the diameter zone of inhibition range between 15mm-25mm in well-in-agar method and 10mm-15mm in paper disc diffusion method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was 200mg/ml respectively. Saponins, flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, phylobatanins and alkaloids are the phytochemical elements detected from the I.gabonensis bark stem extract. This study suggests that the bark extract of I.gabonensis has advantageous antibacterial properties against E.coli. Further exploration of these plant substances will possibly unveil its potential use for medication of ailments caused by the test organism.
Pulmonary fibrosis; a progressive and fatal lung disorder is a common interstitial lung disease a... more Pulmonary fibrosis; a progressive and fatal lung disorder is a common interstitial lung disease affecting millions of individuals worldwide with a mean survival time of about 3 years. It has been reported to be the most serious side effect observed with bleomycin's (BLM) use as a chemotherapeutic agent. Flavocoxid is a potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agent. In the current study, flavocoxid has been investigated for its ability to ameliorate BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, respiratory and vascular dysfunction in rats. BLM (5 mg/kg) was instilled intra-tracheally and flavocoxid was administered (20 mg/kg) orally for 5 weeks; one week pre-and 4 weeks post BLM instillation. Flavocoxid administration significantly decreased lung contents of Nrf2, HO-1, TLR4, TNF-α, TGF-β1. Moreover, flavocoxid successfully restored vascular response to Kcl, PE and carbacol and tracheal response to carbacol. In conclusion; flavocoxid ameliorated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and improved respiratory functions and can be proposed to be a potential effective therapeutic agent for management of pulmonary fibrosis.
Eight compounds were isolated for the first time from the methanolic extract of Malva
The main objective of the study is to investigate the fingerprint profile of Punic granatum using... more The main objective of the study is to investigate the fingerprint profile of Punic granatum using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) technique. Camag HPTLC system equipped with TLC Linomat V applicator, Camag TLC scanner III and winCATS software were used. Hydroalcoholic extracts of the flower of Punic granatum was developed in suitable mobile phase using standard procedures and the plates were kept in Photo-documentation chamber (CAMAG REPROSTAR 3) and captured the images at UV light at 254 nm and 366 nm. The fluorescent band (under 254 nm and 366 nm) at Rf 0.56 in mobile phase Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (5:4:1) was found and the marker compound Quercetin was quantified.