Sheila Queralt | Independent Researcher (original) (raw)
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Papers by Sheila Queralt
Revista de Llengua i Dret - Journal of Language and Law, Jun 21, 2023
The focus of this article is forensic linguistics as applied to gender-based violence (GBV), a cu... more The focus of this article is forensic linguistics as applied to gender-based violence (GBV), a current social problem which persists despite the many measures adopted to eradicate it. Gender-based violence leads to different kinds of crimes, which have been studied from several perspectives such as psychology, criminology and law. In this preliminary study of forensic linguistics applied to GBV crimes in Italy in particular, we aim to provide a review of the research literature on GBV and forensic linguistics. We begin by considering the discipline of forensic linguistics and introducing two psychological models-Walker (1979) and Pence (1993)-which are helpful in contextualising GBV. We then proceed in two directions: first, we examine communication between victims and legal sector professionals; and second, we consider linguistic evidence for police and judicial investigation through discourse analysis of communication between perpetrators and victims. Finally, conclusions are drawn with an eye to future scenarios.
Administrazioa euskaraz, 2021
TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), Oct 8, 2015
Comparació forense de textos escrits, atribució d'autoria, estil idiolectal, distribució poblacio... more Comparació forense de textos escrits, atribució d'autoria, estil idiolectal, distribució poblacional, raó de verosimilitut. ix Pilot study for the evaluation of linguistic evidences in forensic text comparison by the creation of a Base Rate Knowledge and the implementation of Likelihood Ratios
In recent years, the possibility of studying syntax use through computer-aided queries of annotat... more In recent years, the possibility of studying syntax use through computer-aided queries of annotated corpora has led researchers working in the field of forensic written text comparison to explore a new possible marker of authorship, namely, tag sequences as representation of combinations of linguistic categories. A series of studies carried out urging the first research stage at ForensicLab using Spanish language data have shown that tag sequences exhibit a significant discriminatory capacity and can be applied to authorship attribution tasks more effectively. In the second research stage reported in this paper, the analysis aims to identify specific traits of each linguistic category implemented in those tags within the exploited tag set which play a major role in the correct classification of texts and those which do not, without losing sight of the fact that either their exclusion or inclusion in tag composition can help to improve this forensic linguistic comparison method. This paper reports on the findings from the statistical testing of several variants of the Institut Universitari de Linguistica Aplicada’s (IULA) tag set system and their evaluation in the context of authorship analysis. For testing purposes, a corpus of two types of written texts (novel fragments and newspaper articles), from six contemporary Spanish speaking novelists, was compiled. Furthermore, a subcorpus was used of texts written by one of the writers included in this study, whose authorship was anonymised. Preliminary studies show that, in both types of written texts, the use of trigrams produces more statistically significant results than the use of bigrams, especially trigrams consisting of prepositional phrases and, to a lesser extent, verbal and compound adjective phrases.
Revista de Llengua i Dret, Dec 12, 2014
En este artículo se introduce el procedimiento que conviene seguir en la comparación forense de t... more En este artículo se introduce el procedimiento que conviene seguir en la comparación forense de textos con el fin de atribuir la autoría de un texto. A continuación, se presenta el estado de la metodología actual de esta rama de la lingüística forense y, finalmente, se discuten las medidas que deben ser aplicadas para poder comparar el marco metodológico de la atribución de autoría con el de otras ciencias forenses. Palabras clave: lingüística forense; estilo idiolectal; atribución de autoría; marco metodológico; razón de verosimilitud.
Llengua, societat i comunicació, 2019
This article contributes to the research challenges that Forensic Linguistics faces in the 21 st ... more This article contributes to the research challenges that Forensic Linguistics faces in the 21 st century-to compare texts of unknown authorship with the same reliability as other disciplines that consider forensic evidence. This research implements advanced statistical techniques within the eld of forensic text comparison that improve the reliability of linguistic evidence furnished in Court and assess its signi cance. The rst part of the analysis creates a Base Rate Knowledge for some of the most relevant linguistic variables in Peninsular Spanish texts. The second part applies statistical tests to variables with discriminatory potential to identify the samples of the authors and also assesses the reliability of the results in a posteriori classi cation. The implementation of the likelihood-ratio framework in the third part improves the reliability of linguistic evidence provided in court and o ers probabilistic results to assist not only the judge and jury but also the linguistic expert in order to carry out more rigorous testing and extensive performance analysis of the data.
Pilot study for the evaluation of linguistic evidence in forensic text comparison by the creation... more Pilot study for the evaluation of linguistic evidence in forensic text comparison by the creation of a Base Rate Knowledge and the implementation of Likelihood Ratios
Boletín de filología
The literature on jihadist discourse focuses on the processes of propaganda and recruitment and o... more The literature on jihadist discourse focuses on the processes of propaganda and recruitment and on their dissemination through digital media. On the first session of the trial for the Barcelona and Cambrils attacks of August 17 and 18, 2017 (known as 17A), three videos were screened in which some of the young men who would later become responsible for the attacks convey their intentions while manufacturing explosives. This study analyzes their interaction from the perspective of pragmatic linguistics and examines the identities that the young terrorists construct for themselves and for others through the analytical model put forward in Stamou (2018). The results of this analysis scrutinize the linguistic resources used by the speakers to construct identities for themselves and others, as well as the relations established between these and the ideologies that support their discourse. We conclude that the analytical tools applied in this study may become very relevant for the discoursive and linguistic profiling of alleged terrorists for forensic purposes.
International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique
Drawing on Brown and Fraser’s (in: Giles, Scherer (eds) Social markers in speech, Cambridge Unive... more Drawing on Brown and Fraser’s (in: Giles, Scherer (eds) Social markers in speech, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 33–62, 1979) framework for the analysis of communicative situations and Fuentes Rodríguez’s (Lingüística pragmática y Análisis del discurso, Arco Libros, Madrid, 2000; in Estudios de Lingüística: Investigaciones lingüísticas en el siglo XXI, 2009. https://doi.org/10.14198/ELUA2009.Anexo3.04) model of pragmatic analysis, this paper examines three home-made recordings featuring some of the members of the terrorist cell responsible for the 2017 vehicle-ramming attacks in Barcelona and Cambrils weighted as evidence during the trial held between November 2020 and May 2021 in the Spanish National High Court. The aim of this qualitative analysis is to test whether the linguistic evidence available supports the allegation that the participation in these recordings by one of the accused, Mohamed Houli Chemlal, had been planned by his interlocutors. Results show, first, ...
Culture And Education, Nov 8, 2022
Administrazioa euskaraz, 2021
En el marc de la lingüística forense, l'àrea de determinació (diversos sospitosos d'haver... more En el marc de la lingüística forense, l'àrea de determinació (diversos sospitosos d'haver comès un delicte) o atribució (un únic sospitós) d'autoria té una llarga tradició d'estudi. No obstant això, definir una metodologia clara per a la comparació i anàlisi forense de textos escrits que ofereixi uns resultats vàlids i fiables és encara un repte per als lingüistes que treballen en aquest camp. Al laboratori de lingüística forense (ForensicLab) de l'Institut Universitari de Lingüística Aplicada (IULA) una de les principals tasques d'investigació és avançar en aquesta línia, desenvolupant noves propostes metodològiques. Com a resultat d'aquesta recerca s'ha desenvolupat una nova tècnica aplicada a la comparació forense de textos escrits, que pot conduir a una determinació o atribució d'autoria més fiable i concloent, basada en les combinacions de seqüències de categories gramaticals emprades per un individu en la seva producció escrita. Aquesta nova...
Recent studies in forensic authorship attribution report on newly developed techniques, although ... more Recent studies in forensic authorship attribution report on newly developed techniques, although it seems that, in this quest for valid and reliable identiï¿¿cation markers, syntactic structure has shown to be less appealing, which is easily explained by the fact that syntactic variables are clearly more complex, more diï¿¿cult to process and less frequent than variables at other linguistic levels. This paper presents a series of experiments in forensic authorship, whose aim is to evaluate the discriminatory potential of sequences of linguistic categories (POS n-grams) by using real forensic legal texts written in Ecuador Spanish. The hypotheses tested in these experiments are that a) the most frequent tag sequences will discriminate eï¿¿ectively between authors and b) both bigrams and trigrams will both show this discriminatory capacity. Experiments were carried out by making use of two morpho-syntactically annotated corpora from two real forensic cases, consisting of disputed Judg...
Revista de Llengua i Dret - Journal of Language and Law, Jun 21, 2023
The focus of this article is forensic linguistics as applied to gender-based violence (GBV), a cu... more The focus of this article is forensic linguistics as applied to gender-based violence (GBV), a current social problem which persists despite the many measures adopted to eradicate it. Gender-based violence leads to different kinds of crimes, which have been studied from several perspectives such as psychology, criminology and law. In this preliminary study of forensic linguistics applied to GBV crimes in Italy in particular, we aim to provide a review of the research literature on GBV and forensic linguistics. We begin by considering the discipline of forensic linguistics and introducing two psychological models-Walker (1979) and Pence (1993)-which are helpful in contextualising GBV. We then proceed in two directions: first, we examine communication between victims and legal sector professionals; and second, we consider linguistic evidence for police and judicial investigation through discourse analysis of communication between perpetrators and victims. Finally, conclusions are drawn with an eye to future scenarios.
Administrazioa euskaraz, 2021
TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), Oct 8, 2015
Comparació forense de textos escrits, atribució d'autoria, estil idiolectal, distribució poblacio... more Comparació forense de textos escrits, atribució d'autoria, estil idiolectal, distribució poblacional, raó de verosimilitut. ix Pilot study for the evaluation of linguistic evidences in forensic text comparison by the creation of a Base Rate Knowledge and the implementation of Likelihood Ratios
In recent years, the possibility of studying syntax use through computer-aided queries of annotat... more In recent years, the possibility of studying syntax use through computer-aided queries of annotated corpora has led researchers working in the field of forensic written text comparison to explore a new possible marker of authorship, namely, tag sequences as representation of combinations of linguistic categories. A series of studies carried out urging the first research stage at ForensicLab using Spanish language data have shown that tag sequences exhibit a significant discriminatory capacity and can be applied to authorship attribution tasks more effectively. In the second research stage reported in this paper, the analysis aims to identify specific traits of each linguistic category implemented in those tags within the exploited tag set which play a major role in the correct classification of texts and those which do not, without losing sight of the fact that either their exclusion or inclusion in tag composition can help to improve this forensic linguistic comparison method. This paper reports on the findings from the statistical testing of several variants of the Institut Universitari de Linguistica Aplicada’s (IULA) tag set system and their evaluation in the context of authorship analysis. For testing purposes, a corpus of two types of written texts (novel fragments and newspaper articles), from six contemporary Spanish speaking novelists, was compiled. Furthermore, a subcorpus was used of texts written by one of the writers included in this study, whose authorship was anonymised. Preliminary studies show that, in both types of written texts, the use of trigrams produces more statistically significant results than the use of bigrams, especially trigrams consisting of prepositional phrases and, to a lesser extent, verbal and compound adjective phrases.
Revista de Llengua i Dret, Dec 12, 2014
En este artículo se introduce el procedimiento que conviene seguir en la comparación forense de t... more En este artículo se introduce el procedimiento que conviene seguir en la comparación forense de textos con el fin de atribuir la autoría de un texto. A continuación, se presenta el estado de la metodología actual de esta rama de la lingüística forense y, finalmente, se discuten las medidas que deben ser aplicadas para poder comparar el marco metodológico de la atribución de autoría con el de otras ciencias forenses. Palabras clave: lingüística forense; estilo idiolectal; atribución de autoría; marco metodológico; razón de verosimilitud.
Llengua, societat i comunicació, 2019
This article contributes to the research challenges that Forensic Linguistics faces in the 21 st ... more This article contributes to the research challenges that Forensic Linguistics faces in the 21 st century-to compare texts of unknown authorship with the same reliability as other disciplines that consider forensic evidence. This research implements advanced statistical techniques within the eld of forensic text comparison that improve the reliability of linguistic evidence furnished in Court and assess its signi cance. The rst part of the analysis creates a Base Rate Knowledge for some of the most relevant linguistic variables in Peninsular Spanish texts. The second part applies statistical tests to variables with discriminatory potential to identify the samples of the authors and also assesses the reliability of the results in a posteriori classi cation. The implementation of the likelihood-ratio framework in the third part improves the reliability of linguistic evidence provided in court and o ers probabilistic results to assist not only the judge and jury but also the linguistic expert in order to carry out more rigorous testing and extensive performance analysis of the data.
Pilot study for the evaluation of linguistic evidence in forensic text comparison by the creation... more Pilot study for the evaluation of linguistic evidence in forensic text comparison by the creation of a Base Rate Knowledge and the implementation of Likelihood Ratios
Boletín de filología
The literature on jihadist discourse focuses on the processes of propaganda and recruitment and o... more The literature on jihadist discourse focuses on the processes of propaganda and recruitment and on their dissemination through digital media. On the first session of the trial for the Barcelona and Cambrils attacks of August 17 and 18, 2017 (known as 17A), three videos were screened in which some of the young men who would later become responsible for the attacks convey their intentions while manufacturing explosives. This study analyzes their interaction from the perspective of pragmatic linguistics and examines the identities that the young terrorists construct for themselves and for others through the analytical model put forward in Stamou (2018). The results of this analysis scrutinize the linguistic resources used by the speakers to construct identities for themselves and others, as well as the relations established between these and the ideologies that support their discourse. We conclude that the analytical tools applied in this study may become very relevant for the discoursive and linguistic profiling of alleged terrorists for forensic purposes.
International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique
Drawing on Brown and Fraser’s (in: Giles, Scherer (eds) Social markers in speech, Cambridge Unive... more Drawing on Brown and Fraser’s (in: Giles, Scherer (eds) Social markers in speech, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 33–62, 1979) framework for the analysis of communicative situations and Fuentes Rodríguez’s (Lingüística pragmática y Análisis del discurso, Arco Libros, Madrid, 2000; in Estudios de Lingüística: Investigaciones lingüísticas en el siglo XXI, 2009. https://doi.org/10.14198/ELUA2009.Anexo3.04) model of pragmatic analysis, this paper examines three home-made recordings featuring some of the members of the terrorist cell responsible for the 2017 vehicle-ramming attacks in Barcelona and Cambrils weighted as evidence during the trial held between November 2020 and May 2021 in the Spanish National High Court. The aim of this qualitative analysis is to test whether the linguistic evidence available supports the allegation that the participation in these recordings by one of the accused, Mohamed Houli Chemlal, had been planned by his interlocutors. Results show, first, ...
Culture And Education, Nov 8, 2022
Administrazioa euskaraz, 2021
En el marc de la lingüística forense, l'àrea de determinació (diversos sospitosos d'haver... more En el marc de la lingüística forense, l'àrea de determinació (diversos sospitosos d'haver comès un delicte) o atribució (un únic sospitós) d'autoria té una llarga tradició d'estudi. No obstant això, definir una metodologia clara per a la comparació i anàlisi forense de textos escrits que ofereixi uns resultats vàlids i fiables és encara un repte per als lingüistes que treballen en aquest camp. Al laboratori de lingüística forense (ForensicLab) de l'Institut Universitari de Lingüística Aplicada (IULA) una de les principals tasques d'investigació és avançar en aquesta línia, desenvolupant noves propostes metodològiques. Com a resultat d'aquesta recerca s'ha desenvolupat una nova tècnica aplicada a la comparació forense de textos escrits, que pot conduir a una determinació o atribució d'autoria més fiable i concloent, basada en les combinacions de seqüències de categories gramaticals emprades per un individu en la seva producció escrita. Aquesta nova...
Recent studies in forensic authorship attribution report on newly developed techniques, although ... more Recent studies in forensic authorship attribution report on newly developed techniques, although it seems that, in this quest for valid and reliable identiï¿¿cation markers, syntactic structure has shown to be less appealing, which is easily explained by the fact that syntactic variables are clearly more complex, more diï¿¿cult to process and less frequent than variables at other linguistic levels. This paper presents a series of experiments in forensic authorship, whose aim is to evaluate the discriminatory potential of sequences of linguistic categories (POS n-grams) by using real forensic legal texts written in Ecuador Spanish. The hypotheses tested in these experiments are that a) the most frequent tag sequences will discriminate eï¿¿ectively between authors and b) both bigrams and trigrams will both show this discriminatory capacity. Experiments were carried out by making use of two morpho-syntactically annotated corpora from two real forensic cases, consisting of disputed Judg...
¿Te gusta la lingüística y el crimen? ¿Te has imaginado alguna vez siendo un CSI? Este libro es... more ¿Te gusta la lingüística y el crimen? ¿Te has imaginado alguna vez siendo un CSI? Este libro es una guía para ayudarte a decidir si quieres ser lingüista forense de profesión. En tono ameno e interactivo podrás seguir los pasos para convertirte en un lingüista forense. Despierta tu curiosidad lingüística a través de retos, minijuegos y rompecabezas. Decide tú mismo si la lingüística forense es lo tuyo y en qué ámbitos vas a trabajar. Descubre de la «tinta» de dos lingüistas forenses dónde te puedes formar, qué perfiles profesionales son los más buscados y si estás preparado para afrontar el día a día de un lingüista forense. ¿Aceptas el reto?
La aparición de la lingüística forense en los medios de comunicación va en aumento. Además, los cuerpos policiales, los agentes judiciales y las empresas privadas cada vez son más conscientes de cómo puede contribuir a la resolución de sus casos.
Fundamentos de la lingüística forense Ver índice + capítulo de muestra Fundamentos de la lingüís... more Fundamentos de la lingüística forense
Ver índice + capítulo de muestra
Fundamentos de la lingüística forense
Garayzábal Heinze, Elena · Queralt Estévez, Sheila · Reigosa Riveiros, Mercedes
ISBN: 9788491714262Publicado 17.10.2019Páginas 246
ISBN Digital: 9788491719496
MARC21 ISBN MARC21 ISBN Digital
Esta obra ofrece un panorama general de la lingüística forense, qué es y también qué no es, así como las principales líneas de investigación pericial en los diferentes ámbitos de esta disciplina. Su lectura permitirá adentrarse en este interesante y novedoso campo de aplicación de la lingüística, acompañado de preguntas y referencias bibliográficas para ampliar información. Las autoras, profesionales de la lingüística, la traducción y la investigación policial, ponen su conocimiento y experiencia al servicio de los lectores para que puedan iniciarse en los fundamentos teóricos de la disciplina y la resolución de casos prácticos donde la lengua puede constituir una prueba judicial.
Dirigido especialmente a estudiantes universitarios, a investigadores o profesionales del sector, también es un libro para todos aquellos amantes de la lengua que tienen curiosidad por saber qué es la lingüística forense más allá de lo que puedan conocer por la prensa y las series de televisión.
Elena Garayzábal Heinze es profesora titular del Departamento de Lingüística en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
Sheila Queralt Estévez es directora del Laboratorio SQ-Lingüistas Forenses y colabora con los cuerpos policiales.
Mercedes Reigosa Riveiros es miembro del Laboratorio de Acústica Forense de la Policía Científica.
Este decálogo pretende dar a conocer la disciplina de la lingüística forense a estudiantes, agent... more Este decálogo pretende dar a conocer la disciplina de la lingüística forense a estudiantes, agentes judiciales y ciudadanos. Explica de manera sencilla qué puede aportar un lingüista forense y qué se encuentra fuera de su ámbito de actuación profesional. Además, expone los encargos solicitados de forma más frecuente a un lingüista forense como, por ejemplo, la atribución de autoría de un texto anónimo, la detección de plagio, la desambiguación de una cláusula de una póliza de seguros, la evaluación de una traducción o el análisis de un examen de inglés para determinar si se excede del nivel exigido en la convocatoria. A continuación, describe los pasos que debe seguir una persona interesada en encargar una pericial lingüística y cómo procede un buen perito lingüista. Finalmente, se dan pistas para saber si realmente el perito es adecuado para el caso y si se rige por los estándares exigidos por la disciplina.
This decalogue aims to make the discipline of forensic linguistics known to students, individuals... more This decalogue aims to make the discipline of forensic linguistics known to students, individuals who may request a linguistics expert report and legal and law enforcement professionals.
This Decalogue explains in 26 pages the characteristics of the most common types of linguistics expert report, the steps to follow when commissioning a linguistics expert report and how to decide if a particular expert is right for a case.
These are the ten steps in the Decalogue:
1. Forensic linguistics
2. Types of linguistics expert report
3. Requesting a linguistics expert report
4. When the expert receives the material
5. Calculating the quote
6. Confirming a job
7. Being sure of a forensic linguist’s expertise
8. Being sure a forensic linguist is right for the job
9. Alarm bells
10. Ethical conduct
Tonos Digital, 39, 2020
RESUMEN: Una de las particularidades de las perífrasis verbales en español es la denominada subid... more RESUMEN: Una de las particularidades de las perífrasis verbales en español es la denominada subida de clíticos: la capacidad de los pronombres átonos de aparecer en posición enclítica al verbo auxiliado (puedo decírselo) o proclítica al auxiliar (se lo puedo decir). Pese a que ambas posiciones son de uso frecuente, su distribución difiere si atendemos a factores estructurales, pragmático-discursivos, funcionales o dialectales. Con el presente artículo, pretendemos acercarnos a esta variable desde la lingüística forense; concretamente, describiendo la alternancia en la posición marcada/no marcada de los pronombres átonos para obtener una distribución poblacional. En los análisis lingüísticos forenses, obtener distribuciones poblacionales permite determinar, por un lado, qué variables poseen potencial discriminante y, por otro, si el uso de la variante por parte de un individuo es idiosincrático.