Mohammed Ebrahiem | University Of Kordofan (original) (raw)
Papers by Mohammed Ebrahiem
The properties of leather and its uses depend on the characteristic of the fiber bundles such as ... more The properties of leather and its uses depend on the characteristic of the fiber bundles such as fullness, disorderliness, compactness, straightness, delineation, boldness, splitting and separation. Poor nutrition causes an animal to be smaller and the skin or hide to be thinner and to be poorer substance. However as animals grow older, the grain surface becomes tougher and coarser. Also with age, the animals accumulate more scars from brands, diseases, parasites, and other injuries. Generally, high quality values were recorded at winter season for all Sudan desert sheep skin\leather characteristics parameters. These findings might be mainly referenced for seasonal changes. At winter season temperature was in its low degree and this might be reflected on good leather attributes. Besides, the availability of winter range and agricultural byproducts which is remains from autumn crops planting at this time. While fat and moisture contents high values were observed at autumn season and elongation or elasticity high values were obtained at summer season. However, Sudan desert sheep leather fat and moisture optimum values at autumn season might be due to the abundance of natural pasture.
Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research, Oct 23, 2014
This study was achieved to assess the effect of the seasonal changes on the Sudan Desert sheep sk... more This study was achieved to assess the effect of the seasonal changes on the Sudan Desert sheep skin\leather quality. Five Sudan desert sheep breeds were chosen for the study purpose. 150 pieces of fresh skins; non-castrated male desert sheep on an average age 1-1.2 years; were taken as samples for the study analysis. Thirty (30) pieces of skins (10 at winter, 10 at summer and 10 at autumn) were selected for each breed. RCBD (Randomize Complete Block Design) was used for data analysis. The study concluded that, physical properties and chemical characteristics of Sudan desert sheep leather were significantly affected (p≥0.05) by the seasonal changes. Generally, high quality values were recorded at winter season for all leather quality parameters. While fat and moisture contents high values were observed at autumn season and elongation or elasticity high values were obtained at summer season.
Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research, Nov 24, 2014
This study was carried out to estimate the effect of Sudan Desert sheep breed variations on skin/... more This study was carried out to estimate the effect of Sudan Desert sheep breed variations on skin/leather quality. One hundred and fifty (150) pieces of fresh skins from five non-castrated male of Sudan desert breeds (an average age of 1-1.2 years) were collected from west Sudan (Kordofan state) and east Sudan (Gezira and Butana). The results showed that, Fresh skin weight, elongation, tensile strength, flexibility, cracking, tear load, Moisture, fat and chrome oxide contents results were significantly affected (P ≥ 0.05) by breed variations. d skins in the tannery. Published by Indian Leather Producer Association, breed.
Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research, 2019
The study aimed to investigate the impact of supplementary feeding on the young camels calve grow... more The study aimed to investigate the impact of supplementary feeding on the young camels calve growth rate and daily gain. A total of 16 heads of young male camel calves from the Arabic camel breeds were selected and div ided into four equal groups (1, 2,3,4). Four heads of camel calves in each group, their body weight ranged from 176 - 220 kg. Experimental animal in group one was control supplemented nothings jus t depend on the natural range land, group two was feed on watermelon seeds, group three was allowanced concentrated diet composed of ground nut cake and the animals in group four intake mixture diet consist of watermelon seeds and ground nut cake 50% for e ach. The body weight of the experimental animal was determined biweekly using table balance. The random complete experimental design was used and the Analysis of variance and Tukey test were applied for data analysis and means separation. The results indic ated that the average Body weights of the camel calves were 174.75±...
International Journal of Veterinary Science and Research, 2021
This trial was designed to study the effect of intake of ailanto (Ailanthus excelsa) fodder on dr... more This trial was designed to study the effect of intake of ailanto (Ailanthus excelsa) fodder on dry matter intake, nutrients digestibility and performance of Sudanese Desert lambs. Twelve heads of lambs, six months old and weighing (17+ 0.37) kg were divided into three groups with four heads each. They were vaccinated and dosed with broad-spectrum antihelmentics (ivermectin) for treatment against internal and external parasites and ear- tagged to facilitate identification during treatments. The Ailanthus excelsa, fodder, groundnut haulms and the natural grazing was fed to group I, II and III, respectively. Water was provided continuously and feed intake was monitored daily. The feed samples were analyzed and apparent nutrients digestibility was determined by total feces collection method. This complete randomized design data was analyzed via analysis of variance and differences among means were detected using Least Significant Difference test (LSD). Feed intake was significantly (P&l...
EC Veterinary Science, Aug 6, 2021
International Journal of Veterinary Science and Research, 2021
This trial was aimed to study the effects of replacing wheat bran with different levels of Zornia... more This trial was aimed to study the effects of replacing wheat bran with different levels of Zornia glochidiata meal on feed intake, general performance of Desert lambs and feeding cost decreasing. Twelve lambs of four months old and weighing 19.500 kg +500g were divided into three groups each with four animals. Feed intake and body weight change were monitored every ten days up to fifty days. The data were statistically analyzed via analysis of variance and the differences among means were detected least significance (LSD) test. The results indicated that voluntary dry matter intake significantly (P<0.05) increased in the group that consumed a ration with 26% Zornia glochidiata meal (II) followed by those were on a ration with wheat bran only (I) and lastly that had a ration with 42% Z. glochidiata (III). Feed intake was 1090, 970 and 910 for group II, I and III, respectively. Similarly body weight gain was significantly (P<0.05) higher in group II, (6.1kg/50 days) followed by ...
International Journal of Veterinary Science and Research, 2021
This study was designed to determine the effects of deep litter floor and battery cages housing s... more This study was designed to determine the effects of deep litter floor and battery cages housing system on layer feed consumption and egg production rate. Thirty two commercial hybrid layers (hyline) of 10 months production age were randomly selected and distributed equally in four deep litter ground cages, and thirty (hyline) layers were kept in battery cages, which consisted of triple deck cages, provided with automatic nipple watering system and front trough feeders. During the experimental period there were slight changes in live body weight, it was about -0.01 kg in deep litter and about 0.04 kg in battery cages system. Layers housed in deep litter system significantly consumed more feed compared to that kept in battery cages except at first week, and best averages of feed conversion ratios were calculated for layers housed in deep litter than that kept in battery cages, differences were significant for second, third, fourth and fifth weeks of experimental period. Egg production...
World s Veterinary Journal, 2015
This study was designed to investigate the effect of sex and age on the leather quality of Baggar... more This study was designed to investigate the effect of sex and age on the leather quality of Baggara breeds of Sudan cattle. Thirty pieces of fresh hides from ox, heifer and cow were chosen for this study purpose. For whole variations between the selected hides Statistix8 Program was used for variance analysis on Complete Randomized Design. The results revealed that, heifer hides yield better upper leather on physical properties [Elongation %, Tensile strength (kg/cm2), Cracking load (kg), Thickness (mm), Tear load (kg/cm) and Flexibility] than ox and cow hides. Leather chemical properties were affected (p≥0.05) by both sex and age of the animals. Ox and cow hides were scored the high values of Moisture and Fat contents, in the other hand heifer hide was reported the high values of Ash and chrome contents.
Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, 2016
This trial is aimed to study leather properties that produced from Sudan Desert sheep and goats i... more This trial is aimed to study leather properties that produced from Sudan Desert sheep and goats in relation to breed type and age category. Thirty pieces of fresh sheep and goats skins were collected randomly (15 for each) during January 2015. The collected skins were tanned and the produced leather properties were studied. The Statistix 8 program for variance analysis was used for data analysis. The study samples were taken according to the Complete Randomized Design. Sheep leather results revealed that, lamb's skin was significantly (P ≥0.05) produced better quality leather than ram's and ewe's skins in elongation %, tensile strength (kg cm-2), cracking load (kg), thickness (mm), tear load (kg cm-1), flexibility and moisture %. While it was yielded leather with the same characteristics to ram's and ewe's leather in ash %, fat % and chrome %. Leather prosperities [elongation %, tensile strength (kg cm-2), cracking load (kg), tear load (kg cm-1), flexibility and ash %] were significantly (P ≥0.05) affected by breed variation. On the other hand thickness (mm), moisture %, fat % and chrome% were not significantly (P ≥0.05) affected by breed. Ram's skin was produced better quality leather than ewe's skins. Goat's leather results revealed that, kid goat's skin was significantly (P ≥0.05) produced better quality leather than bucks and doe's skin in tensile strength (kg cm-2), cracking load (kg), thickness (mm), tear load (kg cm-1) and flexibility degree. But kids and buck's skins were produced the same quality leather in elongation % and moisture % with significant variation (P ≥0.05) to doe's leather. Kid's skin yields leather with the same characteristics to buck's and doe's leather in ash %, fat % and chrome %. Generally Desert goats produce slightly better quality leather than Nubian goats. Leather prosperities [cracking load (kg), tear load (kg cm-1) and Ash %] were significantly (P ≥0.05) affected by breed variation. Elongation %, tensile strength (kg cm-2), thickness (mm), moisture %, fat %, flexibility and chrome % were not significantly (P ≥0.05) affected by goats breed.
Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 1971
Weed species were collected during the first three months of 1967 at Canberra and arbitrarily div... more Weed species were collected during the first three months of 1967 at Canberra and arbitrarily divided into those parts that were easily accessible to sheep and those that were not. The digestibility and nitrogen content of whole plants of some weed species and the more readily accessible parts of other species compared favourably with those of sown pasture species and were superior to those of native grasses.
EC Veterinary Science, Sep 18, 2021
This study was designed to evaluate camel hide's leather physical and chemical characteri... more This study was designed to evaluate camel hide's leather physical and chemical characteristics for leather manufacturing. For study purpose thirty pieces of fresh camel hides were obtained from slaughterhouse in the three seasons of the year (winter, summer and autumn). Ten pieces at each season of entire male Arabi camel on an average age of 3-4 years were collected, storing and tanned. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used for data analysis. The results revealed that, camel leather physical quality elongation, flexibility, resistance to grain cracking and tear strength were below the minimum threshold of Sudanese, Indian and Europe standards specification for cattle leather. On the other hand average tensile strength, breaking load, double holes tear strength and camel leather chemical quality parameters (Moisture, Ash, chrome oxide and fat) were in and above the minimum threshold of Sudanese, Indian and Europe standards specification for cattle leather.
Agriculture and Natural Resources, 2015
This study was carried out at Kordofan region, West Sudan during 2013. It's aimed to identify... more This study was carried out at Kordofan region, West Sudan during 2013. It's aimed to identifying the real causes of the herbal balls (phytobezoars) and find out the prevalence of sheep phytobezoariasis in the region. 30 samples of phytobezoars were collected randomly from slaughtered sheep at abattoirs of El Khuwei, Abuzabad, Gebeash for chemical characterization and plant classification, and samples from Ipomoea cordofana and Merrimia emarginata ( Tabar ) plants that had shown to initiate formation and retention of this ball has been taken. The results of the laboratory analysis showed that the proteins content of phytobezoars and the suspected plants were on an average of (8.73% and 10.38%), respectively. A detected ether extract signed (0.00% and 0.60%) for phytobezoars and Tabar , respectively. The results showed that phytobezoars and Tabar plant had higher contents of heteropolysaccharits as cellulose and hemi cellulose of (47.5, 29.11%), (28.6%, 12.16 % ) in both, respect...
Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research, 2015
This study was conducted at the University of Kordofan camel's farm, in North Kordofan State,... more This study was conducted at the University of Kordofan camel's farm, in North Kordofan State, Sudan. The study aimed to investigate the impact of supplementary feeding on the young camel calves’ growth rate and daily gain. A total of 16 heads of young male camel calves from the Arabic camel breeds were selected and divided into four equal groups (1, 2, 3, 4). Four heads of camel calves in each group, their body weight ranged from 176-220 kg. Experimental animal in group one was control supplemented nothings just depend on the natural range land, group two was feed on watermelon seeds, group three was allowanced concentrated diet composed of ground nut cake and the animals in group four intake mixture diet consist of watermelon seeds and ground nut cake 50% for each. The body weight of the experimental animal was determined biweekly using table balance. The random complete experimental design was used and the Analysis of variance and Tukey test were applied for data analysis and...
This study was conducted in 2005 at Elnuhud locality, Western Kordofan State, Sudan (latitudes 27... more This study was conducted in 2005 at Elnuhud locality, Western Kordofan State, Sudan (latitudes 27 ° -29 ° north and longitudes 14 ° -20 ° East). The study was aimed to compare the effects of grazing intensity within two and six kilometers around permanents water points. Five sites (Elkhuwi, Ankosh, Elrowiana, Khamas Eldonky and Umdefais) were chosen randomly for the study. The results indicated that there were significant differences in plants frequency and density in areas around water points when compared with those far from them. Also the dominant plant species were different according to location. Plants that dominated around water points were Abutilon figarianum , Acanthespermum hespidum , Amaranthus grecisans , Zornia glochidiata and Ruela patula and their frequencies were 18.2, 17.4, 12.9, 9.8 and 8.9 % respectively. Plants that were dominant on sites far from water points were Eragrostic tremula , Cenchrus biflorus , Stylosanthesis flavicans , Aristida pallida and Fimbristyl...
Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research, 2015
This study was designed to investigate the effect of breed and feeding level before slaughter on ... more This study was designed to investigate the effect of breed and feeding level before slaughter on the skin\leather quality of the three main breeds of Sudangoats. Thirty (30) pieces of fresh skins from the three goat breeds (an average age 1-1.5 years) were chosen for the study purpose. For whole variations between the three breeds in two levels of feeding (poor and rich pastures) Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was used for data analysis. The results revealed that, leather weight (kg), elongation%, tensile strength (kg/cm 2 ), cracking load (kg), thickness (mm), tear load (kg/cm) and chrome% findings were significantly affected (P≥0.05) by breed variation. Flexibility, moisture%, Ash% and fat % were not significantly affected (P ≥ 0.05) by breed. On the other hand, skin weight (kg), Cracking load (kg), Tear load (kg/cm) and Ash% were significantly affected (P≥0.05) by pasture quality. While Leather Elongation%, Tensile strength (kg/cm 2 ), Thickness (mm), Flexibility, Moisture%, Fa...
Agriculture and Natural Resources, 2015
This study was carried out at Elobeid, Elnohud and Babanosa locations of Kordofan region, Sudan. ... more This study was carried out at Elobeid, Elnohud and Babanosa locations of Kordofan region, Sudan. The main objective was to study hides and skins production defects which may, contribute to down grading the value of raw material. 75 pieces from each of cattle hides and goat skins and 100 pieces of sheep skins were randomly selected for grading in each location. Also 10 pieces of defected and damaged hides and skins were chosen for tanning and leather quality assessments. The data were analyzed using frequencies and percentages. Grading results indicated that the most common defects to Kordofan hides and skins was flaying defects, followed by branding on cattle hides, putrefactive taints, mechanical damages, inadequate salting defects, and lastly skin diseases defects. Chemical and physical tests results reflected the poor quality tanning, limited flexible, less durable and a low aesthetic of the produced leather from defected hides and skins
Twenty four (24) male camel calves aged 2-3 years old from Sudanese Arabi breed were used to eval... more Twenty four (24) male camel calves aged 2-3 years old from Sudanese Arabi breed were used to evaluate the effect of feeding Moringa olifera and Prosopis chilensis as additive feeds on carcass characteristics of Sudanese Arabi camel. Camel calves were divided into four similar groups (6 animals in each group). Each group was fed individually under semi-intensive feeding system. The first group fed on Moringa olifera (M) ration, the second group on Prosopis chilens (P), the third group on a mixture diet from Moringa olifera and Prosopis chilensis (M+P) and the fourth group was left on natural pasture as control. The data were statistically analyzed according to the Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The results revealed that, no significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) were detected on carcass cut weights among the three rations M, P and M + P. But the highest values for; hot and cold back legs (58.00 ± 6.08 and 57.00 ± 6.08kg); hot and cold hump cut weights (5.50 ± 3.04 and 5.17 ± 2.93kg) respectively, were obtained from camels that were fed M meal. While the highest values for hot and cold fore legs cut weights (44.00 ± 11.53 and 42.67 ± 11.06kg) respectively, were achieved when the camels were fed on P diet. Also the highest vales for; hot and cold ribs (35.00 ± 6.08 and kg) and hot and cold neck cuts (17.17 ± 1.26 and 16.17 ± 1.71kg) respectively, were reported when animals were fed M+P ration. On the contrast, the lowest values for the previous hot and cold carcass cuts weights were obtained when animals fed depending on natural grazing. 11. Abouheif MA., et al. "A standard method for joining camel carcasses with reference to the effect of slaughter age on carcass characteristics in najdi camels 1. Wholesale cut weight".
This trail was designed to study two subtypes of Kabashi desert sheep leather properties in relat... more This trail was designed to study two subtypes of Kabashi desert sheep leather properties in relation to breed, age and sex. Five (5) pieces of fresh skins of each of rums, lambs and ewes from two subtypes (Kabashi and Hamari) of Sudan desert sheep were collected randomly from Elobaied leather Market at north Kordofan state, Sudan. Tanning and laboratory work was done in the National Leather Technology Centre, Khartoum, Sudan. The study data were analysed using the Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The results revealed that, lamb’s skin produced significantly (p ≥ 0.05) better quality leather than rum’s and ewe’s skins in elongation %, tensile strength (kg/cm2), cracking load (kg), thickness (mm), tear load (kg/cm), flexibility and moisture%. While it yielded leather with the same characteristics to rum’s and ewe’s leather in Ash%, fat % and chrome%. Leather properties; elongation %, tensile strength (kg/cm2), cracking load (kg), tear load (kg/cm), flexibility and Ash%; were signific...
, during 13 th Feb., and 10 th June, 2014 under irrigated and rainy condition, to study the effec... more , during 13 th Feb., and 10 th June, 2014 under irrigated and rainy condition, to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer level and seed rate on traditional sorghum forage cultivar Abu-Sabeen under different environmental. The experiment was conducted by using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The treatments were four seed rates and three levels of urea doses. The seed rates were 15, 20, 25 and 30 g per m 2 which were equivalent to 36, 48, 60 and 71 kg seed per ha. The urea doses were control, 20.70 and 41.40 g per m 2 (0N, 1N and 2N per ha) which were equivalent to zero, 87 and 174 kg per ha. The parameters measured were: number of leaves /plant, fresh weight (ton/ha) and dry weight (ton/ha), during both seasons. The results revealed for the dry season showed significant differences in growth attributes, thus the maximum number of leaves observed in Seed rate four SR4 (71kg/ha) and 2N dose registered the highest number of leaves per plant (7.4). Also the results revealed positive significant effect during both seasons in terms of fresh and dry forage yield which indicated the possibility to grow sorghum cultivar Abu-sabeen during February (dry season) as a fodder crop in the area. The results recorded that, fourth and third seed rate having the highest values of (3.22 and 3.28 ton/ha), (8.14 and 9.54 ton /ha) and (0.98 and 0.89 ton /ha), (3.06 and 3.59 ton /ha) successfully during both seasons. 2N dose registered the highest values (3.19 and 0.73 ton /ha) in fresh and dry weight during the dry season. However the interaction effect was significant in the same traits. 19. Khair MAM and Salih SA. "Dry matter yield and quality of some winter sown forage crops Geziera".
The properties of leather and its uses depend on the characteristic of the fiber bundles such as ... more The properties of leather and its uses depend on the characteristic of the fiber bundles such as fullness, disorderliness, compactness, straightness, delineation, boldness, splitting and separation. Poor nutrition causes an animal to be smaller and the skin or hide to be thinner and to be poorer substance. However as animals grow older, the grain surface becomes tougher and coarser. Also with age, the animals accumulate more scars from brands, diseases, parasites, and other injuries. Generally, high quality values were recorded at winter season for all Sudan desert sheep skin\leather characteristics parameters. These findings might be mainly referenced for seasonal changes. At winter season temperature was in its low degree and this might be reflected on good leather attributes. Besides, the availability of winter range and agricultural byproducts which is remains from autumn crops planting at this time. While fat and moisture contents high values were observed at autumn season and elongation or elasticity high values were obtained at summer season. However, Sudan desert sheep leather fat and moisture optimum values at autumn season might be due to the abundance of natural pasture.
Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research, Oct 23, 2014
This study was achieved to assess the effect of the seasonal changes on the Sudan Desert sheep sk... more This study was achieved to assess the effect of the seasonal changes on the Sudan Desert sheep skin\leather quality. Five Sudan desert sheep breeds were chosen for the study purpose. 150 pieces of fresh skins; non-castrated male desert sheep on an average age 1-1.2 years; were taken as samples for the study analysis. Thirty (30) pieces of skins (10 at winter, 10 at summer and 10 at autumn) were selected for each breed. RCBD (Randomize Complete Block Design) was used for data analysis. The study concluded that, physical properties and chemical characteristics of Sudan desert sheep leather were significantly affected (p≥0.05) by the seasonal changes. Generally, high quality values were recorded at winter season for all leather quality parameters. While fat and moisture contents high values were observed at autumn season and elongation or elasticity high values were obtained at summer season.
Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research, Nov 24, 2014
This study was carried out to estimate the effect of Sudan Desert sheep breed variations on skin/... more This study was carried out to estimate the effect of Sudan Desert sheep breed variations on skin/leather quality. One hundred and fifty (150) pieces of fresh skins from five non-castrated male of Sudan desert breeds (an average age of 1-1.2 years) were collected from west Sudan (Kordofan state) and east Sudan (Gezira and Butana). The results showed that, Fresh skin weight, elongation, tensile strength, flexibility, cracking, tear load, Moisture, fat and chrome oxide contents results were significantly affected (P ≥ 0.05) by breed variations. d skins in the tannery. Published by Indian Leather Producer Association, breed.
Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research, 2019
The study aimed to investigate the impact of supplementary feeding on the young camels calve grow... more The study aimed to investigate the impact of supplementary feeding on the young camels calve growth rate and daily gain. A total of 16 heads of young male camel calves from the Arabic camel breeds were selected and div ided into four equal groups (1, 2,3,4). Four heads of camel calves in each group, their body weight ranged from 176 - 220 kg. Experimental animal in group one was control supplemented nothings jus t depend on the natural range land, group two was feed on watermelon seeds, group three was allowanced concentrated diet composed of ground nut cake and the animals in group four intake mixture diet consist of watermelon seeds and ground nut cake 50% for e ach. The body weight of the experimental animal was determined biweekly using table balance. The random complete experimental design was used and the Analysis of variance and Tukey test were applied for data analysis and means separation. The results indic ated that the average Body weights of the camel calves were 174.75±...
International Journal of Veterinary Science and Research, 2021
This trial was designed to study the effect of intake of ailanto (Ailanthus excelsa) fodder on dr... more This trial was designed to study the effect of intake of ailanto (Ailanthus excelsa) fodder on dry matter intake, nutrients digestibility and performance of Sudanese Desert lambs. Twelve heads of lambs, six months old and weighing (17+ 0.37) kg were divided into three groups with four heads each. They were vaccinated and dosed with broad-spectrum antihelmentics (ivermectin) for treatment against internal and external parasites and ear- tagged to facilitate identification during treatments. The Ailanthus excelsa, fodder, groundnut haulms and the natural grazing was fed to group I, II and III, respectively. Water was provided continuously and feed intake was monitored daily. The feed samples were analyzed and apparent nutrients digestibility was determined by total feces collection method. This complete randomized design data was analyzed via analysis of variance and differences among means were detected using Least Significant Difference test (LSD). Feed intake was significantly (P&l...
EC Veterinary Science, Aug 6, 2021
International Journal of Veterinary Science and Research, 2021
This trial was aimed to study the effects of replacing wheat bran with different levels of Zornia... more This trial was aimed to study the effects of replacing wheat bran with different levels of Zornia glochidiata meal on feed intake, general performance of Desert lambs and feeding cost decreasing. Twelve lambs of four months old and weighing 19.500 kg +500g were divided into three groups each with four animals. Feed intake and body weight change were monitored every ten days up to fifty days. The data were statistically analyzed via analysis of variance and the differences among means were detected least significance (LSD) test. The results indicated that voluntary dry matter intake significantly (P<0.05) increased in the group that consumed a ration with 26% Zornia glochidiata meal (II) followed by those were on a ration with wheat bran only (I) and lastly that had a ration with 42% Z. glochidiata (III). Feed intake was 1090, 970 and 910 for group II, I and III, respectively. Similarly body weight gain was significantly (P<0.05) higher in group II, (6.1kg/50 days) followed by ...
International Journal of Veterinary Science and Research, 2021
This study was designed to determine the effects of deep litter floor and battery cages housing s... more This study was designed to determine the effects of deep litter floor and battery cages housing system on layer feed consumption and egg production rate. Thirty two commercial hybrid layers (hyline) of 10 months production age were randomly selected and distributed equally in four deep litter ground cages, and thirty (hyline) layers were kept in battery cages, which consisted of triple deck cages, provided with automatic nipple watering system and front trough feeders. During the experimental period there were slight changes in live body weight, it was about -0.01 kg in deep litter and about 0.04 kg in battery cages system. Layers housed in deep litter system significantly consumed more feed compared to that kept in battery cages except at first week, and best averages of feed conversion ratios were calculated for layers housed in deep litter than that kept in battery cages, differences were significant for second, third, fourth and fifth weeks of experimental period. Egg production...
World s Veterinary Journal, 2015
This study was designed to investigate the effect of sex and age on the leather quality of Baggar... more This study was designed to investigate the effect of sex and age on the leather quality of Baggara breeds of Sudan cattle. Thirty pieces of fresh hides from ox, heifer and cow were chosen for this study purpose. For whole variations between the selected hides Statistix8 Program was used for variance analysis on Complete Randomized Design. The results revealed that, heifer hides yield better upper leather on physical properties [Elongation %, Tensile strength (kg/cm2), Cracking load (kg), Thickness (mm), Tear load (kg/cm) and Flexibility] than ox and cow hides. Leather chemical properties were affected (p≥0.05) by both sex and age of the animals. Ox and cow hides were scored the high values of Moisture and Fat contents, in the other hand heifer hide was reported the high values of Ash and chrome contents.
Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, 2016
This trial is aimed to study leather properties that produced from Sudan Desert sheep and goats i... more This trial is aimed to study leather properties that produced from Sudan Desert sheep and goats in relation to breed type and age category. Thirty pieces of fresh sheep and goats skins were collected randomly (15 for each) during January 2015. The collected skins were tanned and the produced leather properties were studied. The Statistix 8 program for variance analysis was used for data analysis. The study samples were taken according to the Complete Randomized Design. Sheep leather results revealed that, lamb's skin was significantly (P ≥0.05) produced better quality leather than ram's and ewe's skins in elongation %, tensile strength (kg cm-2), cracking load (kg), thickness (mm), tear load (kg cm-1), flexibility and moisture %. While it was yielded leather with the same characteristics to ram's and ewe's leather in ash %, fat % and chrome %. Leather prosperities [elongation %, tensile strength (kg cm-2), cracking load (kg), tear load (kg cm-1), flexibility and ash %] were significantly (P ≥0.05) affected by breed variation. On the other hand thickness (mm), moisture %, fat % and chrome% were not significantly (P ≥0.05) affected by breed. Ram's skin was produced better quality leather than ewe's skins. Goat's leather results revealed that, kid goat's skin was significantly (P ≥0.05) produced better quality leather than bucks and doe's skin in tensile strength (kg cm-2), cracking load (kg), thickness (mm), tear load (kg cm-1) and flexibility degree. But kids and buck's skins were produced the same quality leather in elongation % and moisture % with significant variation (P ≥0.05) to doe's leather. Kid's skin yields leather with the same characteristics to buck's and doe's leather in ash %, fat % and chrome %. Generally Desert goats produce slightly better quality leather than Nubian goats. Leather prosperities [cracking load (kg), tear load (kg cm-1) and Ash %] were significantly (P ≥0.05) affected by breed variation. Elongation %, tensile strength (kg cm-2), thickness (mm), moisture %, fat %, flexibility and chrome % were not significantly (P ≥0.05) affected by goats breed.
Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 1971
Weed species were collected during the first three months of 1967 at Canberra and arbitrarily div... more Weed species were collected during the first three months of 1967 at Canberra and arbitrarily divided into those parts that were easily accessible to sheep and those that were not. The digestibility and nitrogen content of whole plants of some weed species and the more readily accessible parts of other species compared favourably with those of sown pasture species and were superior to those of native grasses.
EC Veterinary Science, Sep 18, 2021
This study was designed to evaluate camel hide's leather physical and chemical characteri... more This study was designed to evaluate camel hide's leather physical and chemical characteristics for leather manufacturing. For study purpose thirty pieces of fresh camel hides were obtained from slaughterhouse in the three seasons of the year (winter, summer and autumn). Ten pieces at each season of entire male Arabi camel on an average age of 3-4 years were collected, storing and tanned. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used for data analysis. The results revealed that, camel leather physical quality elongation, flexibility, resistance to grain cracking and tear strength were below the minimum threshold of Sudanese, Indian and Europe standards specification for cattle leather. On the other hand average tensile strength, breaking load, double holes tear strength and camel leather chemical quality parameters (Moisture, Ash, chrome oxide and fat) were in and above the minimum threshold of Sudanese, Indian and Europe standards specification for cattle leather.
Agriculture and Natural Resources, 2015
This study was carried out at Kordofan region, West Sudan during 2013. It's aimed to identify... more This study was carried out at Kordofan region, West Sudan during 2013. It's aimed to identifying the real causes of the herbal balls (phytobezoars) and find out the prevalence of sheep phytobezoariasis in the region. 30 samples of phytobezoars were collected randomly from slaughtered sheep at abattoirs of El Khuwei, Abuzabad, Gebeash for chemical characterization and plant classification, and samples from Ipomoea cordofana and Merrimia emarginata ( Tabar ) plants that had shown to initiate formation and retention of this ball has been taken. The results of the laboratory analysis showed that the proteins content of phytobezoars and the suspected plants were on an average of (8.73% and 10.38%), respectively. A detected ether extract signed (0.00% and 0.60%) for phytobezoars and Tabar , respectively. The results showed that phytobezoars and Tabar plant had higher contents of heteropolysaccharits as cellulose and hemi cellulose of (47.5, 29.11%), (28.6%, 12.16 % ) in both, respect...
Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research, 2015
This study was conducted at the University of Kordofan camel's farm, in North Kordofan State,... more This study was conducted at the University of Kordofan camel's farm, in North Kordofan State, Sudan. The study aimed to investigate the impact of supplementary feeding on the young camel calves’ growth rate and daily gain. A total of 16 heads of young male camel calves from the Arabic camel breeds were selected and divided into four equal groups (1, 2, 3, 4). Four heads of camel calves in each group, their body weight ranged from 176-220 kg. Experimental animal in group one was control supplemented nothings just depend on the natural range land, group two was feed on watermelon seeds, group three was allowanced concentrated diet composed of ground nut cake and the animals in group four intake mixture diet consist of watermelon seeds and ground nut cake 50% for each. The body weight of the experimental animal was determined biweekly using table balance. The random complete experimental design was used and the Analysis of variance and Tukey test were applied for data analysis and...
This study was conducted in 2005 at Elnuhud locality, Western Kordofan State, Sudan (latitudes 27... more This study was conducted in 2005 at Elnuhud locality, Western Kordofan State, Sudan (latitudes 27 ° -29 ° north and longitudes 14 ° -20 ° East). The study was aimed to compare the effects of grazing intensity within two and six kilometers around permanents water points. Five sites (Elkhuwi, Ankosh, Elrowiana, Khamas Eldonky and Umdefais) were chosen randomly for the study. The results indicated that there were significant differences in plants frequency and density in areas around water points when compared with those far from them. Also the dominant plant species were different according to location. Plants that dominated around water points were Abutilon figarianum , Acanthespermum hespidum , Amaranthus grecisans , Zornia glochidiata and Ruela patula and their frequencies were 18.2, 17.4, 12.9, 9.8 and 8.9 % respectively. Plants that were dominant on sites far from water points were Eragrostic tremula , Cenchrus biflorus , Stylosanthesis flavicans , Aristida pallida and Fimbristyl...
Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research, 2015
This study was designed to investigate the effect of breed and feeding level before slaughter on ... more This study was designed to investigate the effect of breed and feeding level before slaughter on the skin\leather quality of the three main breeds of Sudangoats. Thirty (30) pieces of fresh skins from the three goat breeds (an average age 1-1.5 years) were chosen for the study purpose. For whole variations between the three breeds in two levels of feeding (poor and rich pastures) Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was used for data analysis. The results revealed that, leather weight (kg), elongation%, tensile strength (kg/cm 2 ), cracking load (kg), thickness (mm), tear load (kg/cm) and chrome% findings were significantly affected (P≥0.05) by breed variation. Flexibility, moisture%, Ash% and fat % were not significantly affected (P ≥ 0.05) by breed. On the other hand, skin weight (kg), Cracking load (kg), Tear load (kg/cm) and Ash% were significantly affected (P≥0.05) by pasture quality. While Leather Elongation%, Tensile strength (kg/cm 2 ), Thickness (mm), Flexibility, Moisture%, Fa...
Agriculture and Natural Resources, 2015
This study was carried out at Elobeid, Elnohud and Babanosa locations of Kordofan region, Sudan. ... more This study was carried out at Elobeid, Elnohud and Babanosa locations of Kordofan region, Sudan. The main objective was to study hides and skins production defects which may, contribute to down grading the value of raw material. 75 pieces from each of cattle hides and goat skins and 100 pieces of sheep skins were randomly selected for grading in each location. Also 10 pieces of defected and damaged hides and skins were chosen for tanning and leather quality assessments. The data were analyzed using frequencies and percentages. Grading results indicated that the most common defects to Kordofan hides and skins was flaying defects, followed by branding on cattle hides, putrefactive taints, mechanical damages, inadequate salting defects, and lastly skin diseases defects. Chemical and physical tests results reflected the poor quality tanning, limited flexible, less durable and a low aesthetic of the produced leather from defected hides and skins
Twenty four (24) male camel calves aged 2-3 years old from Sudanese Arabi breed were used to eval... more Twenty four (24) male camel calves aged 2-3 years old from Sudanese Arabi breed were used to evaluate the effect of feeding Moringa olifera and Prosopis chilensis as additive feeds on carcass characteristics of Sudanese Arabi camel. Camel calves were divided into four similar groups (6 animals in each group). Each group was fed individually under semi-intensive feeding system. The first group fed on Moringa olifera (M) ration, the second group on Prosopis chilens (P), the third group on a mixture diet from Moringa olifera and Prosopis chilensis (M+P) and the fourth group was left on natural pasture as control. The data were statistically analyzed according to the Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The results revealed that, no significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) were detected on carcass cut weights among the three rations M, P and M + P. But the highest values for; hot and cold back legs (58.00 ± 6.08 and 57.00 ± 6.08kg); hot and cold hump cut weights (5.50 ± 3.04 and 5.17 ± 2.93kg) respectively, were obtained from camels that were fed M meal. While the highest values for hot and cold fore legs cut weights (44.00 ± 11.53 and 42.67 ± 11.06kg) respectively, were achieved when the camels were fed on P diet. Also the highest vales for; hot and cold ribs (35.00 ± 6.08 and kg) and hot and cold neck cuts (17.17 ± 1.26 and 16.17 ± 1.71kg) respectively, were reported when animals were fed M+P ration. On the contrast, the lowest values for the previous hot and cold carcass cuts weights were obtained when animals fed depending on natural grazing. 11. Abouheif MA., et al. "A standard method for joining camel carcasses with reference to the effect of slaughter age on carcass characteristics in najdi camels 1. Wholesale cut weight".
This trail was designed to study two subtypes of Kabashi desert sheep leather properties in relat... more This trail was designed to study two subtypes of Kabashi desert sheep leather properties in relation to breed, age and sex. Five (5) pieces of fresh skins of each of rums, lambs and ewes from two subtypes (Kabashi and Hamari) of Sudan desert sheep were collected randomly from Elobaied leather Market at north Kordofan state, Sudan. Tanning and laboratory work was done in the National Leather Technology Centre, Khartoum, Sudan. The study data were analysed using the Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The results revealed that, lamb’s skin produced significantly (p ≥ 0.05) better quality leather than rum’s and ewe’s skins in elongation %, tensile strength (kg/cm2), cracking load (kg), thickness (mm), tear load (kg/cm), flexibility and moisture%. While it yielded leather with the same characteristics to rum’s and ewe’s leather in Ash%, fat % and chrome%. Leather properties; elongation %, tensile strength (kg/cm2), cracking load (kg), tear load (kg/cm), flexibility and Ash%; were signific...
, during 13 th Feb., and 10 th June, 2014 under irrigated and rainy condition, to study the effec... more , during 13 th Feb., and 10 th June, 2014 under irrigated and rainy condition, to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer level and seed rate on traditional sorghum forage cultivar Abu-Sabeen under different environmental. The experiment was conducted by using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The treatments were four seed rates and three levels of urea doses. The seed rates were 15, 20, 25 and 30 g per m 2 which were equivalent to 36, 48, 60 and 71 kg seed per ha. The urea doses were control, 20.70 and 41.40 g per m 2 (0N, 1N and 2N per ha) which were equivalent to zero, 87 and 174 kg per ha. The parameters measured were: number of leaves /plant, fresh weight (ton/ha) and dry weight (ton/ha), during both seasons. The results revealed for the dry season showed significant differences in growth attributes, thus the maximum number of leaves observed in Seed rate four SR4 (71kg/ha) and 2N dose registered the highest number of leaves per plant (7.4). Also the results revealed positive significant effect during both seasons in terms of fresh and dry forage yield which indicated the possibility to grow sorghum cultivar Abu-sabeen during February (dry season) as a fodder crop in the area. The results recorded that, fourth and third seed rate having the highest values of (3.22 and 3.28 ton/ha), (8.14 and 9.54 ton /ha) and (0.98 and 0.89 ton /ha), (3.06 and 3.59 ton /ha) successfully during both seasons. 2N dose registered the highest values (3.19 and 0.73 ton /ha) in fresh and dry weight during the dry season. However the interaction effect was significant in the same traits. 19. Khair MAM and Salih SA. "Dry matter yield and quality of some winter sown forage crops Geziera".