Mahmoud M Mekkawi | National Research Institute Of Astronomy And Geophysics Nriag (original) (raw)

Recent by Mahmoud M Mekkawi

Pure Appl. Geophysics , 2023

Magnetic methods of exploration have proved to be efficient and have potential in the gold minera... more Magnetic methods of exploration have proved to be efficient and have potential in the gold mineralization industry. New magnetic processing technologies aid in improving the process of interpretation and gold opportunity identification. In this work, we show the possible application of combined digital magnetic filters to explore new gold mineralization localities with application to a well-known Au mineralization zone. Um Garayat (UG) region, southeastern desert, Egypt, is an ancient example of a potential area for gold mining. Modern analysis showed that other types of mineral concentrations are present. So, exploiting the magnetic signature of the area for future investment is of great interest. The old UG gold mine is characterized by volcanic and tectonic features such as faulting and folding that affect the arc sedimentary rock sequence of repeated deformation stages. A thorough geophysical effort has been carried out around the old gold mine in the UG area to explore the extension of mineralized ore deposits. A detailed geophysical survey using magnetics was carried out in this study together with the available aeromagnetic data. Field data sets on appropriate sites were measured, processed, and evaluated by suitable software. High magnetic anomalies were detected based on grid filter analysis and contact occurrence maps as marked as possible ore deposits after satisfying the geologic conditions for gold formation. An integrated understanding of attained results revealed that the new possible ore deposits are related directly to fault and fracture zones in the shape of lenses of variable thickness in this zone. Results show that newly detected mineral occurrences in the UG area are also controlled by major faults and hydrothermal solution enrichment along fault zones at a depth ranging from 20 to 70 m. Favorable fault/joint mineralized places were located. The relationship between the Au-quartz vein's strike direction compared with magnetic anomaly lineament analysis was studied. Search for new sources of Au and other mineral deposits in addition to quartz veins is needed as pockets of accumulated mineral-rich rock fragments are deposited in drainage wadis and fault/joint zones because of hydrothermal solution enrichment.

Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2023

In the Wadi Qena region, the digital elevation model (DEM), aeromagnetic, and magnetotelluric dat... more In the Wadi Qena region, the digital elevation model (DEM), aeromagnetic, and magnetotelluric data are processed and examined to outline surface water flow patterns, the subsurface structures, demonstrate their effects on the groundwater flow direction, and assess the groundwater aquifer thickness and the relationship between subsurface structures and the inherited surface water flow (drainage pattern). Wadi Qena's drainage pattern and watershed basins were delineated using satellite digital elevation data in order to accomplish these objectives. The first vertical derivative transformation was used and examined to determine the prevailing northwest-southeast and northeast-southwest structural trends impacting the region. In order to handle aeromagnetic data, it is necessary first to reduce the observed magnetic data such that they correspond to the reduced magnetic pole (RTP). The two-dimensional analytical signal technique was used to discover that the depth of the basement rocks, which in the research region serve as the bedrock of the overlying groundwater aquifer, ranges from 101 to − 1165 m relative to sea level. This information was obtained by measuring the distance from the earth's surface to the bedrock. To further define the accurate subsurface geological model in the region, the conducted magnetotelluric survey in the area was interpreted using the 1-D inversion technique, and the results were coupled with the existing drill data. The base of the groundwater aquifer was discovered to be between 350 and 410 m deep. Finally, the results are reliable and closely related to earlier geological and geophysical investigations in the studied area.

NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics, 2023

Reducing expenses is a critical aspect of natural resource explorations, especially in the reconn... more Reducing expenses is a critical aspect of natural resource explorations, especially in the reconnaissance stage. Accordingly, GIS algorithms using the free remote sensing data were used to rank the probable mineralised zones before any future implementations of the highcost drilling and/or detailed geophysical programmes. Geological and tectonic settings, and being a historical mineral resource were motivations to choose the Allaqi-Heiani Suture (AHS), Upper Egypt, as a study area. Remote sensing data were processed for tracing the probably mineralised alteration zones, determining fractures and dominating structural systems, and mapping different geological units. Various alteration minerals including hydroxyls-carbonates, ferrous and ferric iron oxides were detected over different rock units using band ratio (BR) and Crosta techniques. Different geological units were distinguished using false colour composite (FCC) images. Moreover, an intense fractured system, demonstrating the area, was revealed by tracing lineaments using informative, spatially enhanced remote-sensed images. Fractures within the altered rocks represent 35% of the total fracturing system in the AHS to indicate a structural system controlling mineralisation occurrences. The processing of magnetic data suggested a deep/buried nature of these remotely detected lineaments/structures. Reduced to pole (RTP) and tilt derivative (TDR) maps detected the buried magnetic sources, whereas zero contours of TDR, Euler deconvolution, analytic signal and source parameter imaging (SPI) techniques traced buried contacts/structures and estimated their depths. A GIS strategy depending on the intensity of the fracturing system and the presence of more than one type of alteration was applied to potential-rank the prospective mineralised occurrences over AHS. The correlation between ranked zones with the old/known mines showed encouraging evaluation.

Geocarto International Volume 38 , 2022

Although the continuity of gold mining work since Pharaonic times till today, Wadi Haimur is stil... more Although the continuity of gold mining work since Pharaonic times till today, Wadi Haimur is still promised source for gold. Wadi Haimur is located in west Allaqi-Heinai-Suture (AHS), south Eastern Desert of Egypt. Gold mineralization is mainly confined within quartz-carbonate and sulphide-bearing quartz veins within sheared, altered rocks, while listvenitization plays a significant role in gold concentration along the Haimur area. Therefore, critical analyses of remote sensing data were applied to map alteration zones and delineate listvenites. Spatially enhanced images were processed to trace lineaments and weakness zones which may represent pathways of mineralized, ascended hydrothermal fluids. Ground geophysical, magnetic and geoelectric surveys were performed to study the depth-extension of mineralized bodies in the vicinity of the historical mines within Wadi Haimur. Interpretation of land-magnetic data indicates the presence of mineralized veins associated with narrow shear zones. Derivatives and highpass filters were utilized to map shallow mineralized sources and deduce their trends. Upward continuation and low-pass filters were used to detect the deep sources. Depths to magnetic bodies were estimated using Power-Spectrum, Euler and inversion of single anomalies. Geochemical sampling was performed to test the results. According to the remarkable variation in resistivity and chargeability values of resistivity and inducedpolarization tomography profiles, the subsurface lithology was classified and probable mineralized zones within the subsurface were detected. Encouraging results from regolith, trenching, rock-chip sampling and Reverse-Circulation (RC) drilling indicated the extension of auriferous anomalies within the bedrock. Good correlation of RC-holes auriferous anomalies depths and deduced depths from magnetic interpretation was revealed.

EMIW-2022, Cesme Azmir, Turky, 2022

The main object of our study is evaluate the layers that contain fresh water at the tenth Ramadan... more The main object of our study is evaluate the layers that contain fresh water at the tenth Ramadan City, Eastern Desert. Audio Magnetotelluric (AMT) were carried out on profile using G- EM3D instrument of Geometrics, USA.
The results of AMT show three layers that contain watre during Quaternary (shallow aquifer), Eocene (intermediate Aquifer) and Olgocene ((deep Aquifer). The results of 1D and 2D AMT are comparing with hydrogeological model near the stufy area.

Keywords: Audio Magnetotelluric (AMT), 1D and 2D AMT, tenth Ramadan City . Eastern Desert.

EMIW-2022, Cesme Azmir, Turky, 2022

The main object of our study are using suitable and fast tools of the Geoscience to evaluate the ... more The main object of our study are using suitable and fast tools of the Geoscience to evaluate the environmental impacts on the surrounding Qarun Protected Area (QPA) and natural resources. To achievement this target, Nuclear Magnetic Ressonnance (NMR) and Audio Magnetotelluric (AMT) were carried out on the suggested area for the first time in Egypt. In addition, land magnetic profile was conducted using GEM magnetometer (Overhauser-19, Canada). The daily variation of magnetic field is corrected using Misallat Magnetic observatory that is located at Kom Oshem village beside the Qarun Lake (about 25 km). The results of NMR and AMT are conformed the depths of water table between 10 meters near Qarun Lake and 120 near Qatrani mountain.

Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Sciences , 2022

Wadi-Allaqi district, in the southern part of the Eastern Desert of Egypt, is a historic well-kno... more Wadi-Allaqi district, in the southern part of the Eastern Desert of Egypt, is a historic well-known gold resource that has been exploited since the Pharaonic era. The study area represents the western segment of Wadi-Allaqi, about 220 km southeast Aswan city, Upper Egypt. It covers approximately 4702 km 2. Exploring new potential mineralization zones was conducted by integrating the Landsat-8 and aeromagnetic data to map different surfaces of alteration zones and trace shallow and deep mineralized bodies. The corrected Landsat-Operational Land Imager (OLI) bands were processed using the Band Ratio (BR), Crosta, selective for the Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) transformation, and False-Color Composition (FCC) techniques were used to detect the hydrothermal alteration zones and recognize the different geological units. The enhanced eigenimage (MNF1) was processed to delineate the fractures and weakness zones over the west Allaqi-Heini Suture (AHS). The shallow residual mineralized sources have been detected and mapped using the Tilt Derivative (TDR), First Derivative (FVD) and high pass filter techniques of aeromagnetic data. The depths to the mineralized magnetic sources, and hence the roots of gold and other minerals, were obtained using the power spectrum and Euler techniques. Accordingly, new gold and mineralization potential zones were successfully delineated over the study area's ophiolitic, metavolcanics, and granitic rocks. Lineaments deduced from aeromagnetic and remote sensing data represent the pathways of the ascending hydrothermal fluids. The main trends of the dominant structural systems were detected through the statistical analyses of these lineaments.

Journal of African Earth Sciences , 2022

Plateau. This region is adjacent to the Gulf of Suez rift, which is an active geothermal area, as... more Plateau. This region is adjacent to the Gulf of Suez rift, which is an active geothermal area, as indicated by the geothermal surface manifestations, such as thermal hot springs. It is a zone between two tectonic plates, which is expected to have several geothermal reservoirs; consequently, it represents a potential area for geothermal prospecting. Aeromagnetic data interpretation was performed to define the deep and shallow structures in the study area and their distribution to select a suitable site and perform more detailed prospection. Consequently, two sites were chosen to conduct a detailed study, with land magnetic and (1D MT) to discover variations in conductivity (resistivity) and fix the depth of predicted geothermal reservoir as well as the distribution of deep and shallow faults which can facilitate geothermal solutions flow and injection to exploit the geothermal source energy. The obtained results showed that the study area is intensely faulted with major NW-SE trend and minor E-W trend. Meanwhile, the (MT) results show several conductive and resistive zones at different depths, which could be correlated with faulting zones, suitable to predict geothermal sources and aquifers.

Arabiam Geoscience Journal, 2021

The mines of magnetite and hematite occupy some areas of the Eastern Desert at Wadi Abu Subeira, ... more The mines of magnetite and hematite occupy some areas of the Eastern Desert at Wadi Abu Subeira, northeast of Aswan city which is a volcanic and tectonic area. It is one of the largest arc sedimentary rock sequence affected by faulting and folding due to repeated stages of deformation. The iron deposits in this area are of oolitic type and exist in two bands inter-bedded with ferruginous sandstone and clay layers. The thickness of the bands varies from 0.5 to 3.5 m. Detailed geophysical work has been carried out on the promise site of Abu Subeira to identify the lateral and vertical distribution of the iron-ore deposits at this area. Many geophysical methods were applied in this study including Land Magnetic Survey, Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI), Induced Polarization (IP), and Time-Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM). Besides, rock samples from the iron ores were collected for chemical analysis. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were applied for estimation of iron concentration (Fe %) and other minerals' contents in the rock samples. The field data sets were measured along the iron ore bodies of Wadi Abu Subeira and were processed and analyzed by the proper software packages. The areas with iron ore deposits were expressed in the geophysical results by low resistivity, high chargeability, and moderate to high magnetic anomalies. Integrated interpretation of the obtained results revealed that the ore deposits exist in the form of lenses with variable thickness ranging from few meters to about 30-m thick. The mineral occurrences in Abu Subeira are managed by the major faults and the hydrothermal fluids flowing along these faults.

IUGG-2019 Montreal-Canada, 2019

A20a - Geophysical Survey Technology for Mining Exploration Abstract: IUGG19-3754 The Mineral E... more A20a - Geophysical Survey Technology for Mining Exploration
Abstract: IUGG19-3754
The Mineral Exploration of the Gold-Copper ore Deposits in the South Eastern Desert, Egypt
M. Mekkawi1
1National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics NRIAG, Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity, Cairo, Egypt
The gold and copper mines are located in the south Eastern Desert, Egypt, about 180 km far from Aswan city and are known as volcano-tectonic area. It is one of the biggest arc sedimentary rock units in the Precambrian sequence. It was strongly influenced by multiple stage of deformation resulting in folding and faulting. A number of important ancient gold and copper mines in the area have, however, received relatively little geological attention. Several mines occurrences (El-Haimur, Abu Swayel, Um El-Garayat, Nile Velley concessions and Kolt Um El-Garayat) are confined to E-W fold and thrust belts stacked ophiolitic slices, NW-vergent folding and thrusting, with concomitant magmatic activity.
The magnetic measurements are carried out along the mines where the gold and copper ore bodies are concentered. Several geoelectrical profiles were measurements by using dipole-dipole configuration of electrode spacing 5, 10 and 15 m of lengths ranging from 160-240 m. In additional to 145 time domain electromagnetic soundings are applied around old mines. The results indicate that the ore deposits are accomplished with sulfide zones which refer to low resistive zones, high chargeability with moderate to high magnetic anomalies.
Key words: South Eastern Desert, Alter mineralized zone, Land magnetic, Electrical and Electromagnetic methods.

Springer Book Series, 2019

Innovation (ASTI) is a series of peer-reviewed books based on the best studies on emerging resear... more Innovation (ASTI) is a series of peer-reviewed books based on the best studies on emerging research that redefines existing disciplinary boundaries in science, technology and innovation (STI) in order to develop integrated concepts for sustainable development. The series is mainly based on the best research papers from various IEREK and other international conferences, and is intended to promote the creation and development of viable solutions for a sustainable future and a positive societal transformation with the help of integrated and innovative science-based approaches. Offering interdisciplinary coverage, the series presents innovative approaches and highlights how they can best support both the economic and sustainable development for the welfare of all societies. In particular, the series includes conceptual and empirical contributions from different interrelated fields of science, technology and innovation that focus on providing practical solutions to ensure food, water and energy security. It also presents new case studies offering concrete examples of how to resolve sustainable urbanization and environmental issues. The series is addressed to professionals in research and teaching, consultancies and industry, and government and international organizations. Published in collaboration with IEREK, the ASTI series will acquaint readers with essential new studies in STI for sustainable development.

EGU-Assembly , 2019

The Abu Swayel copper-Nickle deposits is located at 185 km southeastern of Aswan, near the head o... more The Abu Swayel copper-Nickle deposits is located at 185 km southeastern of Aswan, near the head of Wadi Haimour, and is located at latitudes 22º47’ N and longitude 33º38’ E. The area under study have been dissected by three main wades (Haimur, Abu Swayel, and Mereikha) which are tectonically controlled and possessing a direction roughly NE-SW. The ore deposits occur in conformable, lens-like bodies of mafic-ultramafic rocks in Proterozoic meta-sediments. The mineralization and the enclosing rocks have been metamorphosed to mica schist amphibolite facies. The main objective of current study is to evaluate the area under investigation in term of copper Nickle prospecting.
Surface geophysical and geochemistry methods are part of detecting and delineating subsurface geological settings. Shallow geophysical investigations in the form of land magnetic and transient electromagnetic soundings (TEM) were selected and conducted in the Wadi Abu Swayel area to attain the purpose of this study and confirmed by geochemical analysis of (10) rock samples. Qualitative interpretation of magnetic profiles cover the area under study (890 magnetic station) and TEM soundings (53) were very useful to delineate the presence of copper-nickle ore deposits. The integrative using of geophysical and geochemical analyses were found effective for imaging the typical shallow stratigraphic sequence. There are some indications for the presence of copper ore (malachite) accumulations as major and nickle as minor deposits. Structurally the area is Steeply Inclined shear zone 80o trending NW-SE. The thickness of mineralized zone and host rocks dipping from surface till 35.0 m., and confirmed with boreholes information drilled in the study area.

proceedings CAJG-Nov2018

Introduction The magnetite and hematite mines are located in the Eastern Desert in Abu Subera are... more Introduction The magnetite and hematite mines are located in the Eastern Desert in Abu Subera area, of about 35 km far from Aswan city and is known as volcano-tectonic area. It is one of the biggest arc sedimentary rock units in the Precambrian sequence. It was strongly influenced by multiple stage of deformation resulting in folding and faulting. The ironstone deposits of the area are of bedded oolitic type and occur in the form of two bands inter-bedded with ferruginous sandstone and clay capping Precambrian rocks. The thickness of the bands varies from 0.5 to 3.5 m. The magnetic measurements are condensing along the Six mines where the iron ore bodies are concentered. Seven geoelectrical profiles were measurements by using dipole-dipole configuration of electrode spacing 5, 10 and 15 m of lengths ranging from 160-240 m. The results indicate that the ore deposits refer to low resistive zones, high chargeability with moderate to high magnetic anomalies.

NRIAG J of Astronomy and Geophysics-Elsevier, , 2018

The study area is located in the central part of Sinai Peninsula. This study is concerned with th... more The study area is located in the central part of Sinai Peninsula. This study is concerned with the analysis of magnetic and gravity data aiming to evaluate the subsurface structure of the basement rocks. The magnetic and gravity methods of prospecting gives an effective presentation of the subsurface structures. The corrected magnetic data is represented by total magnetic intensity map that was reduced to the magnetic pole and the corrected gravity data is represented by Bouguer anomaly map. The corrected data of magnetic and gravity were filtered into regional and residual magnetic and gravity anomaly maps. The integration of radially power spectrum was applied on both magnetic and gravity to estimate the depths of the shallow sources and the deep sources. The equivalent depths of the isolated short wavelength anomalies are 0.5 and 0.4 km, and the depths of the long wavelength anomalies are 3.5 and 2.5 km for the gravity and magnetic data, respectively. Both Euler deconvolution and 3-D modeling were carried out on magnetic and gravity data. The 3D Euler deconvolution is used not only to delineate major subsurface structures but also to determine the structural indices of them as well as the average depth of the magnetic and gravity sources. The calculated structural indices show that the area is mainly affected by contacts/thin sheet and the estimated depth of magnetic and gravity sources ranged between 500 m and 2000 m, also the 3D Euler deconvolution showed that the area was dissected by different fault trends such as NE-SW, NW-SE and E-W trends. The results of 3-D magnetic and gravity interpretation revealed that

Geol Geophys Journal, , 2018

Most of Egyptian populations live along two banks of Nile River for daily life and agricultural p... more Most of Egyptian populations live along two banks of Nile River for daily life and agricultural purposes. 90% of Egypt is a desert with little amount of rainfall. Groundwater is the only source in desert. Several Oases including Kharga are distributed in the western desert of Egypt, which the groundwater is the main source of irrigation and daily life. The governorate is keen an important concern about reclaiming the western desert and developing the new urban areas. Available boreholes information and geology are integrated together with magnetotelluric (MT) tool image the three dimensionals (3D) subsurface structures containing the reservoir water and its environment.
The 3D-MT inversion is applied using w3dinvmt code. The 3D-resistivity indicates a low resistivity layer associated with Quaternary aquifer and extends from surface to more than 50 m. The moderate resistivity value belongs to deep aquifer (Cretaceous) and defines at depths (250-1000 m). Between them, there is resistive layers can be consider as barrier from solidified limestone and phosphate. The high resistivity values are associated to the basement complex of Precambrian rocks. The results 3D model are good agreement with hydro-geological structure of the Kharga Oasis and previous work.
Keywords: Kharga Oasis-New Valley, Reservoir Water and 3-D magnetotelluric modeling.

Geol Geophys Journal. , 2017

Understanding and imaging the real seismo-tectonic of active zone are essential to eliminate the ... more Understanding and imaging the real seismo-tectonic of active zone are essential to eliminate the risk of this hazardous seismic zone. In this study, up to date earthquake catalogue (1900-2015) and high resolution aeromagnetic data were analyzed for tracing active subsurface faults that are responsible of earthquakes activity. Using 2D-power spectrum techniques, depth of structures (faults) was estimated and a shallow intrusion was detected at 550 m. The tectonic framework of the case study at Dahshur area-Egypt was evaluated and discussed in view of seismicity, surface geology, subsurface structures from RTP maps and boreholes information and the active faults were traced at shallow and deep depths till 20 km.

Key words: Key word: Seismicity; Aeromagnetic data; subsurface structures; active faults.

Geol Geophys Journal, Jan 2017

In this study we delineate the subsurface structures within an area of about (35 *25) km2in the W... more In this study we delineate the subsurface structures within an area of about (35 *25) km2in the Western part of Qarun Concession, using magnetic method. The main goal is to establish the tectonic framework of the study area and to understand the role of tectonics in the petroleum processes. Land magnetic survey is carried out along profiles covering the study area along the roads and the defend trucks there. The data set is processed using a series of techniques: vertical derivative, horizontal Gradient, tilt derivative and trend analysis. Also, 3D Euler deconvolution and 2D power spectrum are used as fast techniques for depth estimation. The results indicate that the most predominant tectonic trends are generally aligned in NE-SW for the major structures, while the minor structures are aligned in NW-SE.
The depth to the regional basement estimates range around3900 m. and the shallower structures range around750 m. These results came from Eular method and agree with the averge power spectrum method. The measured magnetic anomalies range between -55 nT and 350 nT. The high values strongly suggest that the near structures (ferromagnetic minerals) accompany the basement along the Qarun concession. We show a good correlation between the structures deduced from the magnetic analysis and the known geological informations. Most of these oil accumulations are restricted to the major tectonic trends with a NW–SE direction. We conclude that oil accumulation is structurally controlled by faulting, probably as a result of tectonic regimes during Cretaceous and Jurassic periods.
Keyword: Subsurface Structures, Qarun Oil Field, Magnetic Survey.

Journal Problemi nedropolzovanija, May 2016

The site of investigation, oasis Kharga, is located at about 600 km south of Cairo, Egypt; Baris ... more The site of investigation, oasis Kharga, is located at about 600 km south of Cairo, Egypt; Baris is about 90 km from Kharga also to south and towards more inside the desert. The work was aimed to investigate the rock mass stability at Baris and to estimate the water intake in the Oasis Kharga. A controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) approach developed earlier by IGF UB RAS (Geophysical Federal Institute, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Science) is applied to image the ranked deformation levels in the massive structure of the Baris. The wide profile system of observation has been used to monitor the three components of the alternating magnetic field along predefined measuring lines in the study area. Here we can show the first results that we shall continue during some cycles of monitoring. The second part of our work was linked with mapping the massif structure inside the oasis City, where only using our device we could construct the geoelectrical sections for 5 profiles and show the real structure of the water volume and its complicated structure up to 200 meters recording the values of real not apparent resistivity.

Arabian J. of Geoscience (Springer),Vol 8, Issue 8, pp 5475-5490, Aug 2015

""The origin of the earthquakes within the continental intraplate has been the subject of debate ... more ""The origin of the earthquakes within the continental intraplate has been the subject of debate over long time. We examine the correlation of North Egypt unstable continental shelf earthquakes using five geologic and geophysical data sets: a newly compiled age-province map, Bouguer gravity data, aeromagnetic anomalies, tectonic stress field, and GPS velocity rate measurements. Based on the Qualitative and quantitative interpretation of these five data sets we inferred that: 1) although surface features disappear of unstable shelf crust, Phanerozoic crust shows clear correlation of crustal age and earthquake frequency. 2) The seismic ages are during Precambrian and Paleozoic unstable shelf crust. 3) The seismicity is correlated with the major tectonic events in the geologic history of Egypt. 4) Seismicity is correlated with the NW-SE structural trend, which reflects the extension of the historical tectonic events until present rifting of Red Sea and Gulf of Suez. Unstable continental shelf seismicity mainly: (1) follows the NW-SE lineaments; and (2) forms clusters at what have been termed stress concentrators (e.g., igneous intrusions and intersecting faults) at E-W and EN-WS structural trends. Seismicity level of unstable shelf is moderate and concentrates around Cairo province. The correlation of seismicity with NW-SE–oriented lineaments implies that a continuation of unstable continental shelf seismicity is related to the accretion and rifting processes that have formed the Red Sea and the Gulf of Suez which still records active rifting. An analysis of hypocentral depths for unstable continental shelf earthquakes shows that the frequency and the moment magnitude of the events are nearly uniform for the entire 0–25 km depths over which crustal earthquakes extend while the larger events have deepest focal depths 20-25 km. We conclude that the distribution of the unstable continental region earthquakes in North Egypt is consistent with the existence of deeply penetrating crustal faults that have been reactivated in the present stress field. However the aseismic structure trends in the south delta basin for the past 150+ yr can be activated with the local stress accumulation at long recurrence period and raise the possibility that the south delta basin has a significant seismic potential. Based on the observations summarized here, we infer that the north unstable continental shelf earthquake hazards are high with the NW_SE and E-W trends that should be taken in consideration from govern authorities and planers to mitigate an expected huge risk in the extremely dense inhabitant provinces of Cairo and Nile Delta Basin.
"""""

Egyptian Geophysical Society (EGS) Journal, Jan 2015

""The storms are intervals of time with a sufficiently intense and long-lasting interplanetary co... more ""The storms are intervals of time with a sufficiently intense and long-lasting interplanetary convection electric field leads, through a substantial injection of energy into the magnetosphere-ionosphere system, to an intensified ring current, strong enough to exceed some key threshold of the quantifying storm time Dst index. An active solar flare from region 696 of the Sun has produced three CME’s that caused interaction with the Earth’s magnetosphere. Two of the three CME passages of the Earth’s magnetosphere produced storm activity that resulted in GIC observations.
The main target of this work is to study the behavior and hazard effects of November, 2004 magnetic storm on the Earth’s magnetic field, and in generating Geomagnetic Induced Currents (GIC) at high and middle latitudes areas. In this respect, we used a magnetic data derived from more than 30 Geomagnetic Observatories in the analyses. Also, the sunspot numbers, A-index and Dst-index were also considered.
The results indicate that the peaks of the Dst reached about -383 nT, the A-index about 153 nT, and the average sunspot number reaches about 34.3 (2). The analysis indicates that the average differences of the magnetic components (H, D and Z) between high latitudes regions (60º to 90º North) and mid-latitudes (20º to 60º North) reach about 1100, 700 and 1100 nT towards high latitude regions. This is leads to generate GIC at high Latitudes areas reaches about three times of its magnitude at the mid-Latitudes areas.
""

Pure Appl. Geophysics , 2023

Magnetic methods of exploration have proved to be efficient and have potential in the gold minera... more Magnetic methods of exploration have proved to be efficient and have potential in the gold mineralization industry. New magnetic processing technologies aid in improving the process of interpretation and gold opportunity identification. In this work, we show the possible application of combined digital magnetic filters to explore new gold mineralization localities with application to a well-known Au mineralization zone. Um Garayat (UG) region, southeastern desert, Egypt, is an ancient example of a potential area for gold mining. Modern analysis showed that other types of mineral concentrations are present. So, exploiting the magnetic signature of the area for future investment is of great interest. The old UG gold mine is characterized by volcanic and tectonic features such as faulting and folding that affect the arc sedimentary rock sequence of repeated deformation stages. A thorough geophysical effort has been carried out around the old gold mine in the UG area to explore the extension of mineralized ore deposits. A detailed geophysical survey using magnetics was carried out in this study together with the available aeromagnetic data. Field data sets on appropriate sites were measured, processed, and evaluated by suitable software. High magnetic anomalies were detected based on grid filter analysis and contact occurrence maps as marked as possible ore deposits after satisfying the geologic conditions for gold formation. An integrated understanding of attained results revealed that the new possible ore deposits are related directly to fault and fracture zones in the shape of lenses of variable thickness in this zone. Results show that newly detected mineral occurrences in the UG area are also controlled by major faults and hydrothermal solution enrichment along fault zones at a depth ranging from 20 to 70 m. Favorable fault/joint mineralized places were located. The relationship between the Au-quartz vein's strike direction compared with magnetic anomaly lineament analysis was studied. Search for new sources of Au and other mineral deposits in addition to quartz veins is needed as pockets of accumulated mineral-rich rock fragments are deposited in drainage wadis and fault/joint zones because of hydrothermal solution enrichment.

Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2023

In the Wadi Qena region, the digital elevation model (DEM), aeromagnetic, and magnetotelluric dat... more In the Wadi Qena region, the digital elevation model (DEM), aeromagnetic, and magnetotelluric data are processed and examined to outline surface water flow patterns, the subsurface structures, demonstrate their effects on the groundwater flow direction, and assess the groundwater aquifer thickness and the relationship between subsurface structures and the inherited surface water flow (drainage pattern). Wadi Qena's drainage pattern and watershed basins were delineated using satellite digital elevation data in order to accomplish these objectives. The first vertical derivative transformation was used and examined to determine the prevailing northwest-southeast and northeast-southwest structural trends impacting the region. In order to handle aeromagnetic data, it is necessary first to reduce the observed magnetic data such that they correspond to the reduced magnetic pole (RTP). The two-dimensional analytical signal technique was used to discover that the depth of the basement rocks, which in the research region serve as the bedrock of the overlying groundwater aquifer, ranges from 101 to − 1165 m relative to sea level. This information was obtained by measuring the distance from the earth's surface to the bedrock. To further define the accurate subsurface geological model in the region, the conducted magnetotelluric survey in the area was interpreted using the 1-D inversion technique, and the results were coupled with the existing drill data. The base of the groundwater aquifer was discovered to be between 350 and 410 m deep. Finally, the results are reliable and closely related to earlier geological and geophysical investigations in the studied area.

NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics, 2023

Reducing expenses is a critical aspect of natural resource explorations, especially in the reconn... more Reducing expenses is a critical aspect of natural resource explorations, especially in the reconnaissance stage. Accordingly, GIS algorithms using the free remote sensing data were used to rank the probable mineralised zones before any future implementations of the highcost drilling and/or detailed geophysical programmes. Geological and tectonic settings, and being a historical mineral resource were motivations to choose the Allaqi-Heiani Suture (AHS), Upper Egypt, as a study area. Remote sensing data were processed for tracing the probably mineralised alteration zones, determining fractures and dominating structural systems, and mapping different geological units. Various alteration minerals including hydroxyls-carbonates, ferrous and ferric iron oxides were detected over different rock units using band ratio (BR) and Crosta techniques. Different geological units were distinguished using false colour composite (FCC) images. Moreover, an intense fractured system, demonstrating the area, was revealed by tracing lineaments using informative, spatially enhanced remote-sensed images. Fractures within the altered rocks represent 35% of the total fracturing system in the AHS to indicate a structural system controlling mineralisation occurrences. The processing of magnetic data suggested a deep/buried nature of these remotely detected lineaments/structures. Reduced to pole (RTP) and tilt derivative (TDR) maps detected the buried magnetic sources, whereas zero contours of TDR, Euler deconvolution, analytic signal and source parameter imaging (SPI) techniques traced buried contacts/structures and estimated their depths. A GIS strategy depending on the intensity of the fracturing system and the presence of more than one type of alteration was applied to potential-rank the prospective mineralised occurrences over AHS. The correlation between ranked zones with the old/known mines showed encouraging evaluation.

Geocarto International Volume 38 , 2022

Although the continuity of gold mining work since Pharaonic times till today, Wadi Haimur is stil... more Although the continuity of gold mining work since Pharaonic times till today, Wadi Haimur is still promised source for gold. Wadi Haimur is located in west Allaqi-Heinai-Suture (AHS), south Eastern Desert of Egypt. Gold mineralization is mainly confined within quartz-carbonate and sulphide-bearing quartz veins within sheared, altered rocks, while listvenitization plays a significant role in gold concentration along the Haimur area. Therefore, critical analyses of remote sensing data were applied to map alteration zones and delineate listvenites. Spatially enhanced images were processed to trace lineaments and weakness zones which may represent pathways of mineralized, ascended hydrothermal fluids. Ground geophysical, magnetic and geoelectric surveys were performed to study the depth-extension of mineralized bodies in the vicinity of the historical mines within Wadi Haimur. Interpretation of land-magnetic data indicates the presence of mineralized veins associated with narrow shear zones. Derivatives and highpass filters were utilized to map shallow mineralized sources and deduce their trends. Upward continuation and low-pass filters were used to detect the deep sources. Depths to magnetic bodies were estimated using Power-Spectrum, Euler and inversion of single anomalies. Geochemical sampling was performed to test the results. According to the remarkable variation in resistivity and chargeability values of resistivity and inducedpolarization tomography profiles, the subsurface lithology was classified and probable mineralized zones within the subsurface were detected. Encouraging results from regolith, trenching, rock-chip sampling and Reverse-Circulation (RC) drilling indicated the extension of auriferous anomalies within the bedrock. Good correlation of RC-holes auriferous anomalies depths and deduced depths from magnetic interpretation was revealed.

EMIW-2022, Cesme Azmir, Turky, 2022

The main object of our study is evaluate the layers that contain fresh water at the tenth Ramadan... more The main object of our study is evaluate the layers that contain fresh water at the tenth Ramadan City, Eastern Desert. Audio Magnetotelluric (AMT) were carried out on profile using G- EM3D instrument of Geometrics, USA.
The results of AMT show three layers that contain watre during Quaternary (shallow aquifer), Eocene (intermediate Aquifer) and Olgocene ((deep Aquifer). The results of 1D and 2D AMT are comparing with hydrogeological model near the stufy area.

Keywords: Audio Magnetotelluric (AMT), 1D and 2D AMT, tenth Ramadan City . Eastern Desert.

EMIW-2022, Cesme Azmir, Turky, 2022

The main object of our study are using suitable and fast tools of the Geoscience to evaluate the ... more The main object of our study are using suitable and fast tools of the Geoscience to evaluate the environmental impacts on the surrounding Qarun Protected Area (QPA) and natural resources. To achievement this target, Nuclear Magnetic Ressonnance (NMR) and Audio Magnetotelluric (AMT) were carried out on the suggested area for the first time in Egypt. In addition, land magnetic profile was conducted using GEM magnetometer (Overhauser-19, Canada). The daily variation of magnetic field is corrected using Misallat Magnetic observatory that is located at Kom Oshem village beside the Qarun Lake (about 25 km). The results of NMR and AMT are conformed the depths of water table between 10 meters near Qarun Lake and 120 near Qatrani mountain.

Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Sciences , 2022

Wadi-Allaqi district, in the southern part of the Eastern Desert of Egypt, is a historic well-kno... more Wadi-Allaqi district, in the southern part of the Eastern Desert of Egypt, is a historic well-known gold resource that has been exploited since the Pharaonic era. The study area represents the western segment of Wadi-Allaqi, about 220 km southeast Aswan city, Upper Egypt. It covers approximately 4702 km 2. Exploring new potential mineralization zones was conducted by integrating the Landsat-8 and aeromagnetic data to map different surfaces of alteration zones and trace shallow and deep mineralized bodies. The corrected Landsat-Operational Land Imager (OLI) bands were processed using the Band Ratio (BR), Crosta, selective for the Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) transformation, and False-Color Composition (FCC) techniques were used to detect the hydrothermal alteration zones and recognize the different geological units. The enhanced eigenimage (MNF1) was processed to delineate the fractures and weakness zones over the west Allaqi-Heini Suture (AHS). The shallow residual mineralized sources have been detected and mapped using the Tilt Derivative (TDR), First Derivative (FVD) and high pass filter techniques of aeromagnetic data. The depths to the mineralized magnetic sources, and hence the roots of gold and other minerals, were obtained using the power spectrum and Euler techniques. Accordingly, new gold and mineralization potential zones were successfully delineated over the study area's ophiolitic, metavolcanics, and granitic rocks. Lineaments deduced from aeromagnetic and remote sensing data represent the pathways of the ascending hydrothermal fluids. The main trends of the dominant structural systems were detected through the statistical analyses of these lineaments.

Journal of African Earth Sciences , 2022

Plateau. This region is adjacent to the Gulf of Suez rift, which is an active geothermal area, as... more Plateau. This region is adjacent to the Gulf of Suez rift, which is an active geothermal area, as indicated by the geothermal surface manifestations, such as thermal hot springs. It is a zone between two tectonic plates, which is expected to have several geothermal reservoirs; consequently, it represents a potential area for geothermal prospecting. Aeromagnetic data interpretation was performed to define the deep and shallow structures in the study area and their distribution to select a suitable site and perform more detailed prospection. Consequently, two sites were chosen to conduct a detailed study, with land magnetic and (1D MT) to discover variations in conductivity (resistivity) and fix the depth of predicted geothermal reservoir as well as the distribution of deep and shallow faults which can facilitate geothermal solutions flow and injection to exploit the geothermal source energy. The obtained results showed that the study area is intensely faulted with major NW-SE trend and minor E-W trend. Meanwhile, the (MT) results show several conductive and resistive zones at different depths, which could be correlated with faulting zones, suitable to predict geothermal sources and aquifers.

Arabiam Geoscience Journal, 2021

The mines of magnetite and hematite occupy some areas of the Eastern Desert at Wadi Abu Subeira, ... more The mines of magnetite and hematite occupy some areas of the Eastern Desert at Wadi Abu Subeira, northeast of Aswan city which is a volcanic and tectonic area. It is one of the largest arc sedimentary rock sequence affected by faulting and folding due to repeated stages of deformation. The iron deposits in this area are of oolitic type and exist in two bands inter-bedded with ferruginous sandstone and clay layers. The thickness of the bands varies from 0.5 to 3.5 m. Detailed geophysical work has been carried out on the promise site of Abu Subeira to identify the lateral and vertical distribution of the iron-ore deposits at this area. Many geophysical methods were applied in this study including Land Magnetic Survey, Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI), Induced Polarization (IP), and Time-Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM). Besides, rock samples from the iron ores were collected for chemical analysis. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were applied for estimation of iron concentration (Fe %) and other minerals' contents in the rock samples. The field data sets were measured along the iron ore bodies of Wadi Abu Subeira and were processed and analyzed by the proper software packages. The areas with iron ore deposits were expressed in the geophysical results by low resistivity, high chargeability, and moderate to high magnetic anomalies. Integrated interpretation of the obtained results revealed that the ore deposits exist in the form of lenses with variable thickness ranging from few meters to about 30-m thick. The mineral occurrences in Abu Subeira are managed by the major faults and the hydrothermal fluids flowing along these faults.

IUGG-2019 Montreal-Canada, 2019

A20a - Geophysical Survey Technology for Mining Exploration Abstract: IUGG19-3754 The Mineral E... more A20a - Geophysical Survey Technology for Mining Exploration
Abstract: IUGG19-3754
The Mineral Exploration of the Gold-Copper ore Deposits in the South Eastern Desert, Egypt
M. Mekkawi1
1National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics NRIAG, Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity, Cairo, Egypt
The gold and copper mines are located in the south Eastern Desert, Egypt, about 180 km far from Aswan city and are known as volcano-tectonic area. It is one of the biggest arc sedimentary rock units in the Precambrian sequence. It was strongly influenced by multiple stage of deformation resulting in folding and faulting. A number of important ancient gold and copper mines in the area have, however, received relatively little geological attention. Several mines occurrences (El-Haimur, Abu Swayel, Um El-Garayat, Nile Velley concessions and Kolt Um El-Garayat) are confined to E-W fold and thrust belts stacked ophiolitic slices, NW-vergent folding and thrusting, with concomitant magmatic activity.
The magnetic measurements are carried out along the mines where the gold and copper ore bodies are concentered. Several geoelectrical profiles were measurements by using dipole-dipole configuration of electrode spacing 5, 10 and 15 m of lengths ranging from 160-240 m. In additional to 145 time domain electromagnetic soundings are applied around old mines. The results indicate that the ore deposits are accomplished with sulfide zones which refer to low resistive zones, high chargeability with moderate to high magnetic anomalies.
Key words: South Eastern Desert, Alter mineralized zone, Land magnetic, Electrical and Electromagnetic methods.

Springer Book Series, 2019

Innovation (ASTI) is a series of peer-reviewed books based on the best studies on emerging resear... more Innovation (ASTI) is a series of peer-reviewed books based on the best studies on emerging research that redefines existing disciplinary boundaries in science, technology and innovation (STI) in order to develop integrated concepts for sustainable development. The series is mainly based on the best research papers from various IEREK and other international conferences, and is intended to promote the creation and development of viable solutions for a sustainable future and a positive societal transformation with the help of integrated and innovative science-based approaches. Offering interdisciplinary coverage, the series presents innovative approaches and highlights how they can best support both the economic and sustainable development for the welfare of all societies. In particular, the series includes conceptual and empirical contributions from different interrelated fields of science, technology and innovation that focus on providing practical solutions to ensure food, water and energy security. It also presents new case studies offering concrete examples of how to resolve sustainable urbanization and environmental issues. The series is addressed to professionals in research and teaching, consultancies and industry, and government and international organizations. Published in collaboration with IEREK, the ASTI series will acquaint readers with essential new studies in STI for sustainable development.

EGU-Assembly , 2019

The Abu Swayel copper-Nickle deposits is located at 185 km southeastern of Aswan, near the head o... more The Abu Swayel copper-Nickle deposits is located at 185 km southeastern of Aswan, near the head of Wadi Haimour, and is located at latitudes 22º47’ N and longitude 33º38’ E. The area under study have been dissected by three main wades (Haimur, Abu Swayel, and Mereikha) which are tectonically controlled and possessing a direction roughly NE-SW. The ore deposits occur in conformable, lens-like bodies of mafic-ultramafic rocks in Proterozoic meta-sediments. The mineralization and the enclosing rocks have been metamorphosed to mica schist amphibolite facies. The main objective of current study is to evaluate the area under investigation in term of copper Nickle prospecting.
Surface geophysical and geochemistry methods are part of detecting and delineating subsurface geological settings. Shallow geophysical investigations in the form of land magnetic and transient electromagnetic soundings (TEM) were selected and conducted in the Wadi Abu Swayel area to attain the purpose of this study and confirmed by geochemical analysis of (10) rock samples. Qualitative interpretation of magnetic profiles cover the area under study (890 magnetic station) and TEM soundings (53) were very useful to delineate the presence of copper-nickle ore deposits. The integrative using of geophysical and geochemical analyses were found effective for imaging the typical shallow stratigraphic sequence. There are some indications for the presence of copper ore (malachite) accumulations as major and nickle as minor deposits. Structurally the area is Steeply Inclined shear zone 80o trending NW-SE. The thickness of mineralized zone and host rocks dipping from surface till 35.0 m., and confirmed with boreholes information drilled in the study area.

proceedings CAJG-Nov2018

Introduction The magnetite and hematite mines are located in the Eastern Desert in Abu Subera are... more Introduction The magnetite and hematite mines are located in the Eastern Desert in Abu Subera area, of about 35 km far from Aswan city and is known as volcano-tectonic area. It is one of the biggest arc sedimentary rock units in the Precambrian sequence. It was strongly influenced by multiple stage of deformation resulting in folding and faulting. The ironstone deposits of the area are of bedded oolitic type and occur in the form of two bands inter-bedded with ferruginous sandstone and clay capping Precambrian rocks. The thickness of the bands varies from 0.5 to 3.5 m. The magnetic measurements are condensing along the Six mines where the iron ore bodies are concentered. Seven geoelectrical profiles were measurements by using dipole-dipole configuration of electrode spacing 5, 10 and 15 m of lengths ranging from 160-240 m. The results indicate that the ore deposits refer to low resistive zones, high chargeability with moderate to high magnetic anomalies.

NRIAG J of Astronomy and Geophysics-Elsevier, , 2018

The study area is located in the central part of Sinai Peninsula. This study is concerned with th... more The study area is located in the central part of Sinai Peninsula. This study is concerned with the analysis of magnetic and gravity data aiming to evaluate the subsurface structure of the basement rocks. The magnetic and gravity methods of prospecting gives an effective presentation of the subsurface structures. The corrected magnetic data is represented by total magnetic intensity map that was reduced to the magnetic pole and the corrected gravity data is represented by Bouguer anomaly map. The corrected data of magnetic and gravity were filtered into regional and residual magnetic and gravity anomaly maps. The integration of radially power spectrum was applied on both magnetic and gravity to estimate the depths of the shallow sources and the deep sources. The equivalent depths of the isolated short wavelength anomalies are 0.5 and 0.4 km, and the depths of the long wavelength anomalies are 3.5 and 2.5 km for the gravity and magnetic data, respectively. Both Euler deconvolution and 3-D modeling were carried out on magnetic and gravity data. The 3D Euler deconvolution is used not only to delineate major subsurface structures but also to determine the structural indices of them as well as the average depth of the magnetic and gravity sources. The calculated structural indices show that the area is mainly affected by contacts/thin sheet and the estimated depth of magnetic and gravity sources ranged between 500 m and 2000 m, also the 3D Euler deconvolution showed that the area was dissected by different fault trends such as NE-SW, NW-SE and E-W trends. The results of 3-D magnetic and gravity interpretation revealed that

Geol Geophys Journal, , 2018

Most of Egyptian populations live along two banks of Nile River for daily life and agricultural p... more Most of Egyptian populations live along two banks of Nile River for daily life and agricultural purposes. 90% of Egypt is a desert with little amount of rainfall. Groundwater is the only source in desert. Several Oases including Kharga are distributed in the western desert of Egypt, which the groundwater is the main source of irrigation and daily life. The governorate is keen an important concern about reclaiming the western desert and developing the new urban areas. Available boreholes information and geology are integrated together with magnetotelluric (MT) tool image the three dimensionals (3D) subsurface structures containing the reservoir water and its environment.
The 3D-MT inversion is applied using w3dinvmt code. The 3D-resistivity indicates a low resistivity layer associated with Quaternary aquifer and extends from surface to more than 50 m. The moderate resistivity value belongs to deep aquifer (Cretaceous) and defines at depths (250-1000 m). Between them, there is resistive layers can be consider as barrier from solidified limestone and phosphate. The high resistivity values are associated to the basement complex of Precambrian rocks. The results 3D model are good agreement with hydro-geological structure of the Kharga Oasis and previous work.
Keywords: Kharga Oasis-New Valley, Reservoir Water and 3-D magnetotelluric modeling.

Geol Geophys Journal. , 2017

Understanding and imaging the real seismo-tectonic of active zone are essential to eliminate the ... more Understanding and imaging the real seismo-tectonic of active zone are essential to eliminate the risk of this hazardous seismic zone. In this study, up to date earthquake catalogue (1900-2015) and high resolution aeromagnetic data were analyzed for tracing active subsurface faults that are responsible of earthquakes activity. Using 2D-power spectrum techniques, depth of structures (faults) was estimated and a shallow intrusion was detected at 550 m. The tectonic framework of the case study at Dahshur area-Egypt was evaluated and discussed in view of seismicity, surface geology, subsurface structures from RTP maps and boreholes information and the active faults were traced at shallow and deep depths till 20 km.

Key words: Key word: Seismicity; Aeromagnetic data; subsurface structures; active faults.

Geol Geophys Journal, Jan 2017

In this study we delineate the subsurface structures within an area of about (35 *25) km2in the W... more In this study we delineate the subsurface structures within an area of about (35 *25) km2in the Western part of Qarun Concession, using magnetic method. The main goal is to establish the tectonic framework of the study area and to understand the role of tectonics in the petroleum processes. Land magnetic survey is carried out along profiles covering the study area along the roads and the defend trucks there. The data set is processed using a series of techniques: vertical derivative, horizontal Gradient, tilt derivative and trend analysis. Also, 3D Euler deconvolution and 2D power spectrum are used as fast techniques for depth estimation. The results indicate that the most predominant tectonic trends are generally aligned in NE-SW for the major structures, while the minor structures are aligned in NW-SE.
The depth to the regional basement estimates range around3900 m. and the shallower structures range around750 m. These results came from Eular method and agree with the averge power spectrum method. The measured magnetic anomalies range between -55 nT and 350 nT. The high values strongly suggest that the near structures (ferromagnetic minerals) accompany the basement along the Qarun concession. We show a good correlation between the structures deduced from the magnetic analysis and the known geological informations. Most of these oil accumulations are restricted to the major tectonic trends with a NW–SE direction. We conclude that oil accumulation is structurally controlled by faulting, probably as a result of tectonic regimes during Cretaceous and Jurassic periods.
Keyword: Subsurface Structures, Qarun Oil Field, Magnetic Survey.

Journal Problemi nedropolzovanija, May 2016

The site of investigation, oasis Kharga, is located at about 600 km south of Cairo, Egypt; Baris ... more The site of investigation, oasis Kharga, is located at about 600 km south of Cairo, Egypt; Baris is about 90 km from Kharga also to south and towards more inside the desert. The work was aimed to investigate the rock mass stability at Baris and to estimate the water intake in the Oasis Kharga. A controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) approach developed earlier by IGF UB RAS (Geophysical Federal Institute, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Science) is applied to image the ranked deformation levels in the massive structure of the Baris. The wide profile system of observation has been used to monitor the three components of the alternating magnetic field along predefined measuring lines in the study area. Here we can show the first results that we shall continue during some cycles of monitoring. The second part of our work was linked with mapping the massif structure inside the oasis City, where only using our device we could construct the geoelectrical sections for 5 profiles and show the real structure of the water volume and its complicated structure up to 200 meters recording the values of real not apparent resistivity.

Arabian J. of Geoscience (Springer),Vol 8, Issue 8, pp 5475-5490, Aug 2015

""The origin of the earthquakes within the continental intraplate has been the subject of debate ... more ""The origin of the earthquakes within the continental intraplate has been the subject of debate over long time. We examine the correlation of North Egypt unstable continental shelf earthquakes using five geologic and geophysical data sets: a newly compiled age-province map, Bouguer gravity data, aeromagnetic anomalies, tectonic stress field, and GPS velocity rate measurements. Based on the Qualitative and quantitative interpretation of these five data sets we inferred that: 1) although surface features disappear of unstable shelf crust, Phanerozoic crust shows clear correlation of crustal age and earthquake frequency. 2) The seismic ages are during Precambrian and Paleozoic unstable shelf crust. 3) The seismicity is correlated with the major tectonic events in the geologic history of Egypt. 4) Seismicity is correlated with the NW-SE structural trend, which reflects the extension of the historical tectonic events until present rifting of Red Sea and Gulf of Suez. Unstable continental shelf seismicity mainly: (1) follows the NW-SE lineaments; and (2) forms clusters at what have been termed stress concentrators (e.g., igneous intrusions and intersecting faults) at E-W and EN-WS structural trends. Seismicity level of unstable shelf is moderate and concentrates around Cairo province. The correlation of seismicity with NW-SE–oriented lineaments implies that a continuation of unstable continental shelf seismicity is related to the accretion and rifting processes that have formed the Red Sea and the Gulf of Suez which still records active rifting. An analysis of hypocentral depths for unstable continental shelf earthquakes shows that the frequency and the moment magnitude of the events are nearly uniform for the entire 0–25 km depths over which crustal earthquakes extend while the larger events have deepest focal depths 20-25 km. We conclude that the distribution of the unstable continental region earthquakes in North Egypt is consistent with the existence of deeply penetrating crustal faults that have been reactivated in the present stress field. However the aseismic structure trends in the south delta basin for the past 150+ yr can be activated with the local stress accumulation at long recurrence period and raise the possibility that the south delta basin has a significant seismic potential. Based on the observations summarized here, we infer that the north unstable continental shelf earthquake hazards are high with the NW_SE and E-W trends that should be taken in consideration from govern authorities and planers to mitigate an expected huge risk in the extremely dense inhabitant provinces of Cairo and Nile Delta Basin.
"""""

Egyptian Geophysical Society (EGS) Journal, Jan 2015

""The storms are intervals of time with a sufficiently intense and long-lasting interplanetary co... more ""The storms are intervals of time with a sufficiently intense and long-lasting interplanetary convection electric field leads, through a substantial injection of energy into the magnetosphere-ionosphere system, to an intensified ring current, strong enough to exceed some key threshold of the quantifying storm time Dst index. An active solar flare from region 696 of the Sun has produced three CME’s that caused interaction with the Earth’s magnetosphere. Two of the three CME passages of the Earth’s magnetosphere produced storm activity that resulted in GIC observations.
The main target of this work is to study the behavior and hazard effects of November, 2004 magnetic storm on the Earth’s magnetic field, and in generating Geomagnetic Induced Currents (GIC) at high and middle latitudes areas. In this respect, we used a magnetic data derived from more than 30 Geomagnetic Observatories in the analyses. Also, the sunspot numbers, A-index and Dst-index were also considered.
The results indicate that the peaks of the Dst reached about -383 nT, the A-index about 153 nT, and the average sunspot number reaches about 34.3 (2). The analysis indicates that the average differences of the magnetic components (H, D and Z) between high latitudes regions (60º to 90º North) and mid-latitudes (20º to 60º North) reach about 1100, 700 and 1100 nT towards high latitude regions. This is leads to generate GIC at high Latitudes areas reaches about three times of its magnitude at the mid-Latitudes areas.
""

Exploration of minerals (gold) at Qena-Safaga-Quiser area

Abu Swayel Cu-Ni±Co Sulphide Deposit This deposit is located at ~186 km southeastern of Aswan, n... more Abu Swayel Cu-Ni±Co Sulphide Deposit
This deposit is located at ~186 km southeastern of Aswan, near the head of Wadi Haimour, and is located at latitudes 22º 47' N and longitude 33º38' E . The area have been dissected by three main wades (Haimur, Abu Swayel, and Mereikha) which are tectonically controlled and possessing a direction roughly NE-SW. The Abu Swayel Cu-Ni deposit occurs in conformable, lens- like bodies of mafic-ultramafic rocks in Proterozoic metasediments. The mineralization and the enclosing rocks have been metamorphosed to amphibolite facies.
The ore body includes both massive and disseminated mineralization hosted in a lenticular sheet-like body of amphibolite, ~500 m long, 30 m wide, striking NW-SE with dips at 60-80°NE, following the regional structures of the enclosing biotite schist. The amphibolite lens is surrounded by biotite- garnet-schist of basic derivation. The amphibolite and biotite-garnet-schist may represent the metamorphosed equivalents of the gabbro and the basalt of dismembered ophiolite suite, respectively.

STDF-Project, 2018

Mineral wealth sector is one of the most important sectors accorded by the State attention due to... more Mineral wealth sector is one of the most important sectors accorded by the State attention due to its directly effects to the national income development of the country, as it provides basic development the mineral ores required for all industrial, agricultural and construction purposes. In fact, the human ability and skill in the use of the natural resources serve as a scale to measure the extent of scientific and technology progress and civilization in the country.
The presence of minerals can often be inferred by the presence of other minerals in the surrounding rock. The geologist knows that certain qualities of special nature of economic minerals are haunted by the other minerals, and the existence of any of them in ore bodies is definitive guide to the presence of the other minerals. For example, we find that the metal gold and silver may go hand in hand with the quartz; copper ores are associated with lead and zinc. The role of the geologist who is looking for a metal such as iron is also looking for the accompanying minerals such as sulphides, manganese and phosphate.
Nowadays, the government is keen on the development of the Eastern Desert and especially its southern part, such as Aswan-Allaqi and Aswan-Beranice-Roads. The precise evaluations of the mineral resources and earth’s treasures, surface geology and geomorphology are the main target to redistribute the population and to construct the new desert urban. Therefore, this project involves the geological, geophysical and geochemical technical aspects to base a procedure to distinguish the mineral resources distribution for making sustainable development of the areas. So, geophysical studies will be carried out in and around selected areas to determine the location of the economic elements associated with granite rocks. It becomes necessary to make detail assessment of mineral resources, determine their depth and lateral extension, and to find out the most suitable places to extract the host rock and the required minerals.

NRIAG-Project, 2018

Red Sea, an area of oceanic lithosphere since Eocene time, separates the late Precambrian to earl... more Red Sea, an area of oceanic lithosphere since Eocene time, separates the late Precambrian to early Paleozoic into Arabian and Nubian shields. Gulf of Aqaba and Gulf of Suez isolate the sub-plate (Sinai Peninsula) from the exposed Arabian-Nubian Shields. These tectonic styles subsurface structures make the northern Red Sea and adjoining areas are unique. The Eastern Desert and Sinai Peninsula require intensive basic geosciences studies to evaluate the nature resources, ground water and geothermal.
Nowadays, the government is keen on the development of the Eastern Desert, Gulf of Suez and Gulf of Aqaba. These areas are selected for applying the research team concepts to assess the sites; namely, define the agricultural plan in due to the ideal water usability, define the residence and housing zone in due to the geotechnical assessments, and define the other activities such as industry and tourism zones in due to the accessibility of their elements.
Upon above, we are proposing to carry out different geological and geophysical methods (Magnetic, Electric and Electromagnetic) methods in selected areas in Eastern Desert, Sinai Peninsula. Also, geochemical analysis of 50 samples to evaluate the important minerals in these regions The expected results will show clearly the vertical and horizontal variation in subsurface structures which can be used to locate the natural resources and ground of these areas.

Proceedings of Conductivity Anomaly (Geo-fluid 3), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan.., Mar 2014

Due to the big consuming of ground water in agricultural activities, the reservoir water of Kharg... more Due to the big consuming of ground water in agricultural activities, the reservoir water of Kharga Oasis is noticeably decreased. The demand of drilling deeper wells is increased and most of them reached to the basement rocks. The well data have been observed since 40 years. Over-exploitation of reservoir systems has caused a decline in water table in many parts in the area under studied between 60-80 m. Hot springs are found in the southern part of Kharga City of water temperature 45° C. Magnetotelluric (MT) measurements are carried out in the northern part of Kharga oasis, in order to image the deep part of its reservoir water, using available data of hydro-geology and boreholes information. The results of MT analysis in 1D and 2D show that the sediments of Quaternary and Paleocene (less than 1 km.) have low resistivity value, while the high resistivity value belongs to the basement complex of Pre-Cambrian rocks at depths greater than 1 km.
Keywords: Kharga Oasis Reservoir water (KOR), hydro-geology and magnetotellurics

Tokyo-Univ.-Workshop, January, 2014

Kharga Oasis is located in the middle part of Egypt and one of five oases in the Western Desert. ... more Kharga Oasis is located in the middle part of Egypt and one of five oases in the Western Desert. The Oasis bears potential Nubian Sandstone Aquifer, which considered being the most bearing underground reservoir in Egypt. Agricultural and population development of this region are importance to investigate the subsurface structures of Kharga basin. Observed land magnetic and gravity data carried out along profiles perpendicular to the geometry of the Kharga Oasis Reservoir (KOR). Thus, gravity and magnetic surveys have been measured every 300 m. The research tests the potentiality of applied geophysical methods to investigate the subsurface and geological features of the basins. The study shows that the sedimentary basin has complicated patterns; reflect its complicated hydrological settings. A major E-W and N-S faults act as a barrier of the seepage of the water along the basin. Finally, observations estimate that the Thickness of the sediments along the basin varies considerably from north to south and from east to west

NRIAG J. Astronomy and Geophysics (Elsevier), 2, 1, 175-183., Jun 2013

Arabian J.Science and Engineering (Springer), 38, 7, 1769-1784, Jul 2013

Egyptian Geophysical Soceity (EGS) Journal, 11, 93-104, Mar 2013

Bull. Geol. Soc. (BSGF), France, 183, 5, 461-470, Nov 2012

Proceedings of the 25th (SAGEEP), USA, Feb 2012

STDF-Projects, Egyptian Academic Scientific Research & Technology, Oct 2011

Egyptian Geophysical Society (EGS) Journal, Mar 2012

In the present work, we present a reconnaissance study to elucidate and delin-eate the subsurface... more In the present work, we present a reconnaissance study to elucidate and delin-eate the subsurface structures and tectonics of the area between Dahshour and El Fayoum province using available magnetic data; including land magnetic survey and aeromagnetic data. The study area has been selected due to its active tectonic situation. The magnetic data have been analyzed to provide new information about the tectonic setting and sub-surface structures of the study area. A detailed land magnetic survey has been carried out for the total component of geomagnetic field using two Proton magnetometers, one of them as a local reading base station placed in the middle part of the area, while the second was used for measuring the total intensity of the different points in a mesh-like configuration. The necessary corrections for the measured magnetic data have been carried out. The total land intensity and aeromagnetic maps have been reduced to the north magnetic pole. Moreover, wave number filtering technique has been carried out on the magnetic data utilizing three types of filters with varying wavelengths. The application of these tools on magnetic data discriminated the variable sources of specific depth ranges for the residual and regional anomalies, as well as those limited to a certain depth interval. It was found that the main tectonic trends taken the directions NE–SW, NW–SE and E–W. Three basement cross-sections have been generated using the 2-D modeling to support the interpreted structures and give idea about the configuration of subsurface basement shape. Depth estimations have been conducted by application of the Power spectrum, analytical signal and 2-D modeling techniques. The results indicate that the average calculated depth ranges between 1.8 km to 3.5 km, while the depth to volcanic intrusions ranges between 0.20 km and 0.30 km.

Arpil, Solmaniya, Penjween, Kurdistan-Iraq, Oct 2011

Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2023

EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, Apr 1, 2019

NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics

Reducing expenses is a critical aspect of natural resource explorations, especially in the reconn... more Reducing expenses is a critical aspect of natural resource explorations, especially in the reconnaissance stage. Accordingly, GIS algorithms using the free remote sensing data were used to rank the probable mineralised zones before any future implementations of the highcost drilling and/or detailed geophysical programmes. Geological and tectonic settings, and being a historical mineral resource were motivations to choose the Allaqi-Heiani Suture (AHS), Upper Egypt, as a study area. Remote sensing data were processed for tracing the probably mineralised alteration zones, determining fractures and dominating structural systems, and mapping different geological units. Various alteration minerals including hydroxyls-carbonates, ferrous and ferric iron oxides were detected over different rock units using band ratio (BR) and Crosta techniques. Different geological units were distinguished using false colour composite (FCC) images. Moreover, an intense fractured system, demonstrating the area, was revealed by tracing lineaments using informative, spatially enhanced remote-sensed images. Fractures within the altered rocks represent 35% of the total fracturing system in the AHS to indicate a structural system controlling mineralisation occurrences. The processing of magnetic data suggested a deep/buried nature of these remotely detected lineaments/structures. Reduced to pole (RTP) and tilt derivative (TDR) maps detected the buried magnetic sources, whereas zero contours of TDR, Euler deconvolution, analytic signal and source parameter imaging (SPI) techniques traced buried contacts/structures and estimated their depths. A GIS strategy depending on the intensity of the fracturing system and the presence of more than one type of alteration was applied to potential-rank the prospective mineralised occurrences over AHS. The correlation between ranked zones with the old/known mines showed encouraging evaluation.

Geocarto International

Although the continuity of gold mining work since Pharaonic times till today, Wadi Haimur is stil... more Although the continuity of gold mining work since Pharaonic times till today, Wadi Haimur is still promised source for gold. Wadi Haimur is located in west Allaqi-Heinai-Suture (AHS), south Eastern Desert of Egypt. Gold mineralization is mainly confined within quartz-carbonate and sulphide-bearing quartz veins within sheared, altered rocks, while listvenitization plays a significant role in gold concentration along the Haimur area. Therefore, critical analyses of remote sensing data were applied to map alteration zones and delineate listvenites. Spatially enhanced images were processed to trace lineaments and weakness zones which may represent pathways of mineralized, ascended hydrothermal fluids. Ground geophysical, magnetic and geoelectric surveys were performed to study the depth-extension of mineralized bodies in the vicinity of the historical mines within Wadi Haimur. Interpretation of land-magnetic data indicates the presence of mineralized veins associated with narrow shear zones. Derivatives and highpass filters were utilized to map shallow mineralized sources and deduce their trends. Upward continuation and low-pass filters were used to detect the deep sources. Depths to magnetic bodies were estimated using Power-Spectrum, Euler and inversion of single anomalies. Geochemical sampling was performed to test the results. According to the remarkable variation in resistivity and chargeability values of resistivity and inducedpolarization tomography profiles, the subsurface lithology was classified and probable mineralized zones within the subsurface were detected. Encouraging results from regolith, trenching, rock-chip sampling and Reverse-Circulation (RC) drilling indicated the extension of auriferous anomalies within the bedrock. Good correlation of RC-holes auriferous anomalies depths and deduced depths from magnetic interpretation was revealed.

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Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy, 2011

In the present work, we present a reconnaissance study to elucidate and delin-eate the subsurface... more In the present work, we present a reconnaissance study to elucidate and delin-eate the subsurface structures and tectonics of the area between Dahshour and El Fayoum province using available magnetic data; including land magnetic survey and aeromagnetic data. The study area has been selected due to its active tectonic situation. The magnetic data have been analyzed to provide new information about the tectonic setting and sub-surface structures of the study area. A detailed land magnetic survey has been carried out for the total component of geomagnetic field using two Proton magnetometers, one of them as a local reading base station placed in the middle part of the area, while the second was used for measuring the total intensity of the different points in a mesh-like configuration. The necessary corrections for the measured magnetic data have been car-ried out. The total land intensity and aeromagnetic maps have been reduced to the north magnetic pole. Moreover, wave number filter...

European Generally Assembly, Nice, 2002

The Aswan Lake seismicity is separated into shallow and deep seismic zones. Shallow events have f... more The Aswan Lake seismicity is separated into shallow and deep seismic zones. Shallow events have focal depths of less than 10 km. Deep events extend from 10 to 30 km. The temporal seismicity sequence (1982-1999) is correlated with seasonal variation of the water level using spectral analysis. The results show phase shifts of 1.3 months for the shallow and 3 months for the deep seismicity.
The fractal evolution of the spatial hypocentral distribution (DS is examined. DS is determined using the correlation dimension, in tandem with b-values of the maxi- mum likelihood method. Both are obtained in a set of discrete time windows moving through the catalogue of events with fixed magnitude range MD (2.3 < MD < 4.6). DS ranges between 0.85 and 1.15 with a mean of 0.95, whereas b-value ranges from 0.7 to 1.6 with a mean of 0.88. The correlation between DS and b is not evident in this analysis. However, these two parameters are remarkably decreasing prior to the occurrence of the larger earthquakes (MD>3.9) in the Aswan catalogue.
In addition, we examined the fractal dimension characteristics of the temporal distribu- tion (DT) and the uniform random distribution of earthquakes which occurred during August 1982 and June 1987. These two sequences show the most obvious clustering activity over all the Aswan catalogue length. The August 1982 sequence is located within the deep seismic zone. The June 1987 sequence is a shallow activity (f.d. < 10 km). DT of 0.24 and 0.3 take place with the August 1982 and June 1987 sequences respectively Our results show some characteristics of the seismicity patterns in the shallow and deep seismic zones of the area. However, further geophysical investigations are needed to assert that Lake Aswan is an example for a reservoir-triggered seismicity.

Pure and Applied Geophysics

Magnetic methods of exploration have proved to be efficient and have potential in the gold minera... more Magnetic methods of exploration have proved to be efficient and have potential in the gold mineralization industry. New magnetic processing technologies aid in improving the process of interpretation and gold opportunity identification. In this work, we show the possible application of combined digital magnetic filters to explore new gold mineralization localities with application to a well-known Au mineralization zone. Um Garayat (UG) region, southeastern desert, Egypt, is an ancient example of a potential area for gold mining. Modern analysis showed that other types of mineral concentrations are present. So, exploiting the magnetic signature of the area for future investment is of great interest. The old UG gold mine is characterized by volcanic and tectonic features such as faulting and folding that affect the arc sedimentary rock sequence of repeated deformation stages. A thorough geophysical effort has been carried out around the old gold mine in the UG area to explore the exte...

Most of Egyptian populations live along two banks of Nile River for daily life and other purposes... more Most of Egyptian populations live along two banks of Nile River for daily life and other purposes. 90% of Egypt is a desert with little amount of rainfall. Groundwater is the only source in desert. Several Oases including Kharga are distributed in the Western desert of Egypt, which the groundwater is the main source of irrigation. Accordingly, in this study, an attempt to use two MT profiles data is collected from Kharga Oasis with a three-dimensional (3-D) inversion program (Siripunvaraporn et al., 2005b). Additionally, we used available boreholes information and geology to evaluate the 3-D subsurface structures containing the water reservoir. The 3-D resistivity structure indicates a low resistivity layer associated with Quaternary aquifer and extends from surface to 75 m. The deep aquifer (cretaceous) was defined at depths 500-1100 m. and with a moderate resistivity values. The 3-D model is a good agreement with hydro-geological structure of the Kharga Oasis and the previous 2-D model.

EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, Apr 1, 2016

The study of seismic hazard assessment around greater Cairo-Egypt is very important due to conden... more The study of seismic hazard assessment around greater Cairo-Egypt is very important due to condense population (more than 20 million) in that area. Although, Egypt is characterized by low seismic activity. The seismotectonic zones and high activity are occurred along the Gulf of Aqaba–Dead Sea transform, the Northern Red Sea triple junction point, Aswan, Dahshur, and Cairo-Suez District. In this study, earthquake catalogue (up to 2015) of all seismo-tectonic zones in Egypt and its surroundings are used. Beside the seismicity analysis, gravity and magnetic maps of Dahshur area are analyses for tracing active subsurface faults that are responsible of earthquakes activity. The surface geology and subsurface faults are used to evaluate the tectonic framework in the area under study. Also, The seismicity maps, focal depths and seismic hazards values are calculated.

Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2005

The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 2022

Wadi-Allaqi district, in the southern part of the Eastern Desert of Egypt, is a historic well-kno... more Wadi-Allaqi district, in the southern part of the Eastern Desert of Egypt, is a historic well-known gold resource that has been exploited since the Pharaonic era. The study area represents the western segment of Wadi-Allaqi, about 220 km southeast Aswan city, Upper Egypt. It covers approximately 4702 km 2. Exploring new potential mineralization zones was conducted by integrating the Landsat-8 and aeromagnetic data to map different surfaces of alteration zones and trace shallow and deep mineralized bodies. The corrected Landsat-Operational Land Imager (OLI) bands were processed using the Band Ratio (BR), Crosta, selective for the Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) transformation, and False-Color Composition (FCC) techniques were used to detect the hydrothermal alteration zones and recognize the different geological units. The enhanced eigenimage (MNF1) was processed to delineate the fractures and weakness zones over the west Allaqi-Heini Suture (AHS). The shallow residual mineralized sources have been detected and mapped using the Tilt Derivative (TDR), First Derivative (FVD) and high pass filter techniques of aeromagnetic data. The depths to the mineralized magnetic sources, and hence the roots of gold and other minerals, were obtained using the power spectrum and Euler techniques. Accordingly, new gold and mineralization potential zones were successfully delineated over the study area&#39;s ophiolitic, metavolcanics, and granitic rocks. Lineaments deduced from aeromagnetic and remote sensing data represent the pathways of the ascending hydrothermal fluids. The main trends of the dominant structural systems were detected through the statistical analyses of these lineaments.

The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 2022

Journal of African Earth Sciences

Due to the big consuming of ground water in agricultural activities, the reservoir water of Kharg... more Due to the big consuming of ground water in agricultural activities, the reservoir water of Kharga Oasis is noticeably decreased. The demand of drilling deeper wells is increased and most of them reached to the basement rocks. The well data have been observed since 40 years. Over-exploitation of reservoir systems has caused a decline in water table in many parts in the area under studied between 60-80 m. Hot springs are found in the southern part of Kharga City of water temperature 45° C. Magnetotelluric (MT) measurements are carried out in the northern part of Kharga oasis, in order to image the deep part of its reservoir water, using available data of hydro-geology and boreholes information. The results of MT analysis in 1D and 2D show that the sediments of Quaternary and Paleocene (less than 1 km.) have low resistivity value, while the high resistivity value belongs to the basement complex of Pre-Cambrian rocks at depths greater than 1 km. Keywords: Kharga Oasis Reservoir water (KOR), hydro-geology and magnetotellurics

An intensity study has been performed for Hot Spring, central Sinai, in order to illustrate the r... more An intensity study has been performed for Hot Spring, central Sinai, in order to illustrate the role of magnetotelluric (MT) and magnetic interpretation in the detection of majorsubsurface tectonic structural elements affecting both the sedimentary section and the underlying basement complex. More attention was given to the Hot Spring to spot more light on the subsurface structural features, which control the behavior of this spring. For thexecution of this investigation, MT measurements carried out with about 10 km distance, in which the Hot Spring is located at the middle of their profiles. According to the results of 1D numerical model, the area is tectonically active and there is a conductive anomaly situated just beneath the hot spring at a depth of 2.2 km. The modeling revealed that, a possible connection between this anomaly and the conductive sediments, which can be considered as the source of the phenomena.

The site of investigation, oasis Kharga, is located at about 600 km south of Cairo, Egypt; Baris ... more The site of investigation, oasis Kharga, is located at about 600 km south of Cairo, Egypt; Baris is about 90 km from Kharga also to south and towards more inside the desert. The work was aimed to investigate the rock mass stability at Baris and to estimate the water intake in the Oasis Kharga. A controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) approach developed earlier by IGF UB RAS (Geophysical Federal Institute, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Science) is applied to image the ranked deformation levels in the massive structure of the Baris. The wide profile system of observation has been used to monitor the three components of the alternating magnetic field along predefined measuring lines in the study area. Here we can show the first results that we shall continue during some cycles of monitoring. The second part of our work was linked with mapping the massif structure inside the oasis City, where only using our device we could construct the geoelectrical sections for 5 profiles and sh...

Arabian Journal of Geosciences

The mines of magnetite and hematite occupy some areas of the Eastern Desert at Wadi Abu Subeira, ... more The mines of magnetite and hematite occupy some areas of the Eastern Desert at Wadi Abu Subeira, northeast of Aswan city which is a volcanic and tectonic area. It is one of the largest arc sedimentary rock sequence affected by faulting and folding due to repeated stages of deformation. The iron deposits in this area are of oolitic type and exist in two bands inter-bedded with ferruginous sandstone and clay layers. The thickness of the bands varies from 0.5 to 3.5 m. Detailed geophysical work has been carried out on the promise site of Abu Subeira to identify the lateral and vertical distribution of the iron-ore deposits at this area. Many geophysical methods were applied in this study including Land Magnetic Survey, Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI), Induced Polarization (IP), and Time-Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM). Besides, rock samples from the iron ores were collected for chemical analysis. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were applied for estimation of iron concentration (Fe %) and other minerals’ contents in the rock samples. The field data sets were measured along the iron ore bodies of Wadi Abu Subeira and were processed and analyzed by the proper software packages. The areas with iron ore deposits were expressed in the geophysical results by low resistivity, high chargeability, and moderate to high magnetic anomalies. Integrated interpretation of the obtained results revealed that the ore deposits exist in the form of lenses with variable thickness ranging from few meters to about 30-m thick. The mineral occurrences in Abu Subeira are managed by the major faults and the hydrothermal fluids flowing along these faults.

Journal of Geology & Geophysics