Joost A M Raeymaekers | Norwegian University of Science and Technology (original) (raw)

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Papers by Joost A M Raeymaekers

by Ian Donohue, Franziska Schädelin, Kevin Schneider, Jacco van Rijssel, Romulus Abila, Diogo Antunes, Taylor Banda, Auguste Chocha Manda, Peter Akoll, Karoline Fritzsche, Hugo F. Gante, M Genner, Hiroki Hata, Joachim Frommen, Arne Jungwirth, Luc Janssens de Bisthoven, Prince Kaleme, Stephan Koblmüller, Anton Lamboj, Pascal Masilya, Loïc Kéver, Ad Konings, Gaspard Ntakimazi, W. Okello, Lobomir Pialek, Pierre Denis Plisnier, Jelena Rajkov, Joost A M Raeymaekers, Isa Schoen, Pooja Singh, George Turner, Alexandra Tyers, Alexandra A - T Weber, Holger Zimmermann, Ola Svensson, and Maarten Vanhove

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Ecology and evolution, 2015

Local adaptation is often obvious when gene flow is impeded, such as observed at large spatial sc... more Local adaptation is often obvious when gene flow is impeded, such as observed at large spatial scales and across strong ecological contrasts. However, it becomes less certain at small scales such as between adjacent populations or across weak ecological contrasts, when gene flow is strong. While studies on genomic adaptation tend to focus on the former, less is known about the genomic targets of natural selection in the latter situation. In this study, we investigate genomic adaptation in populations of the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. across a small-scale ecological transition with salinities ranging from brackish to fresh. Adaptation to salinity has been repeatedly demonstrated in this species. A genome scan based on 87 microsatellite markers revealed only few signatures of selection, likely owing to the constraints that homogenizing gene flow puts on adaptive divergence. However, the detected loci appear repeatedly as targets of selection in similar studies ...

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ABSTRACT

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Scientific Reports, 2015

The stunning diversity of cichlid fishes has greatly enhanced our understanding of speciation and... more The stunning diversity of cichlid fishes has greatly enhanced our understanding of speciation and radiation. Little is known about the evolution of cichlid parasites. Parasites are abundant components of biodiversity, whose diversity typically exceeds that of their hosts. In the first comprehensive phylogenetic parasitological analysis of a vertebrate radiation, we study monogenean parasites infecting tropheine cichlids from Lake Tanganyika. Monogeneans are flatworms usually infecting the body surface and gills of fishes. In contrast to many other parasites, they depend only on a single host species to complete their lifecycle. Our spatially comprehensive combined nuclear-mitochondrial DNA dataset of the parasites covering almost all tropheine host species (N = 18), reveals species-rich parasite assemblages and shows consistent host-specificity. Statistical comparisons of host and parasite phylogenies based on distance and topology-based tests demonstrate significant congruence and suggest that host-switching is rare. Molecular rate evaluation indicates that species of Cichlidogyrus probably diverged synchronically with the initial radiation of the tropheines. They further diversified through within-host speciation into an overlooked species radiation. The unique life history and specialisation of certain parasite groups has profound evolutionary consequences. Hence, evolutionary parasitology adds a new dimension to the study of biodiversity hotspots like Lake Tanganyika.

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ABSTRACT Natural populations are at least partially adapted to local environmental conditions. Th... more ABSTRACT Natural populations are at least partially adapted to local environmental conditions. The level of adaptation is promoted by divergent selection on ecologically relevant traits, but hampered by gene flow. The relative strength of both forces depends on genomic architecture as well as dispersal abilities, both of which might differ between species. In this study, we tested for divergent selection and gene flow in two coexisting and phylogenetically related species, the three- and nine-spined stickleback. Populations occur across very similar environmental clines in biotic and abiotic conditions (salinity, oxygen concentration, predation, parasites and prey), and were sampled within exactly the same spatial matrix. In each species we assessed gene flow between populations from contrasting environments and determined divergence in ecologically relevant traits (body shape, armour, spleen size, and trophic morphology). An analyses of genome-wide differentiation was used to identify the genomic basis of adaptation. Based on these data we compared the relative strength of divergent selection and gene flow in both species, as well as the biological functions of the genes under selection. We discuss how these relationships explain how both stickleback species maintain partially overlapping habitats.

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