Ramsey Ferrer | Philippine State College of Aeronautics (original) (raw)

Papers by Ramsey Ferrer

Previous studies on the development of language functions in classroom discourse (Cazden, 2001; F... more Previous studies on the development of language functions in classroom discourse (Cazden, 2001; Fulk-Row, 1996; Hall, 1998; Willis, 1981; Zhang, 2008) have explained further importance as it relates to classroom talk that occurs between teachers and students. However, the premise that the mere opportunity for social interaction and discourse will not necessary lead to learning experiences, unless serious attention is paid to the purposes that the discourse serves in particular activities and the types of interactions to which it contributes to, has not been investigated yet in the Philippine context. Informed by the proposed framework of Kumupulainen & Wray (1997) on analyzing children's classroom discourse, this study aims to identify the various functions of language among children's discourse and how these language functions are used to negotiate meaning in a social classroom interaction. Findings on the video recorded and transcribed children's classroom discourse re...

DESCRIPTION Following Ellis’ (1997) interference framework and Selinker’s(1972) interlanguage hyp... more DESCRIPTION Following Ellis’ (1997) interference framework and Selinker’s(1972) interlanguage hypothesis in light of Kachru’s (1985) concentric circle,the present study aimed at establishing the common errors in the preposition in written narratives, identifying the difference in the rate of preponderance of preposition errors of language learners who acquired English as either their first or second language, and determining the compensation strategies used in English to Filipino and vice versa. This paper employed an explorative-descriptive design with 40 secondary students from Reedley International School (10 males and 10 females) and Sta. Isabel College (10 males and 10females). In carrying out the study, two wordless picture story sequences as used by Shapiro and Hudson (1991 was adopted. Findings show that participants from Sta. Isabel College participants recorded more incorrect English prepositions which are predominantly incurred by females as compared with the Reedley Inte...

This study aims at investigating the lexical items in Aviation Phraseology that has both standard... more This study aims at investigating the lexical items in Aviation Phraseology that has both standard and nonstandard meanings when Pilot and Air Traffic Controller (ATC) use them in radiotelephony. A collection of Cockpit Voice Recorder or Quick Access Recorder transcripts with 26,421 words from the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) and from International Airlines’ accessible transcripts has been the primary data for scrutiny. Through a corpus-based analysis and a survey research, the present study reveals that the lexical items go ahead, hold short, priority, and affirm are used sporadically in nonstandard ways that might lead to ambiguity, and thus posing potential errors. In the survey conducted for Pilots and ATCs, both affirm the occurrence of nonstandard use in Aviation Phraseology. ATCs assert that the nonstandard use of such lexical items frequently occur during Route or En-route Clearance while Pilots confirm that these transpire during Takeoff Clearance, Alti...

DESCRIPTION Studies on Philippine English have typically focused on the different aspects of its ... more DESCRIPTION Studies on Philippine English have typically focused on the different aspects of its grammar. However, subjectless nonfinite clauses as verbal complements have not been investigated yet. This paper scrutinizes subjectless non-finite clauses as monotransitive variants of verbal complements in PhilE complementation based on Quirk, Greenbaum, Leech, and Svartvik (1985). Accordingly, this paper will focus on “to-infinitive” and “-ing participial” constructions as two frequent nonfinite clauses in examining PhilE monotransitive verbal complementation. The present study takes a corpus-based approach in analyzing a large collection of spoken and written texts of ICE-PHI corpus. Considering the three verb classes that both use the “to-infinitive” and “–ing participial” construction, the study reveals some deviations (which can be considered unique) from Quirk et.al’s description of verbal complements specifically on how Filipinos utilize retrospective verbs in both spoken and wr...

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Scholarly Commons, 2019

This investigation will present interesting findings, prospects, and trajectories towards an effe... more This investigation will present interesting findings, prospects, and trajectories towards an effective and efficient instruction of aviation English to future pilots and controllers in the Philippine aviation education as would be informed by the three studies, all of which are aimed at improving English language proficiency. In the first study, this will present an investigation on the use of standard phraseology that has non-standard counterparts employed by non-native English speaking pilots and controllers in the country. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) puts a great emphasis on non-native English speakers in acquiring a certain level of English language since the ICAO considers English proficiency of non-native aviation personnel before implementing the ICAO language policies (Hyejeong & Elder, 2009). Thus, this study emphasizes that the responsibilities for miscommunication in aviation where English is used as a lingua franca are distributed across non-native English speaking pilots and controllers, which can be theoretically underpinned by the World Englishes Paradigm of Kachru (1985). Through a corpus-based analysis coupled with a survey research, this reveals lexical items such as go ahead, hold short, priority, and affirm (to name a few) which are used sporadically in non-standard ways by Filipino pilots and controllers. In the survey, both pilots and controllers provide their viewpoints on the occurrence of non-standard phraseology and where it typically occurs. In the second study, the non-standard phraseology that has been further investigated as to the level of acceptability and the degree of risks it poses will then be presented, which will determine the position of pilots and controllers on its usage. The third study proposes an English Language Proficiency Program for aviation students which can be adapted by interested aviation institutions as contributory to the efforts of the International Civil Aviation Organization to provide “maximum clarity, brevity, and unambiguity” in pilot-controller communication.

Following Ellis ' (1997) interference framework and Selinker's (1972) interlanguage hypothesis in... more Following Ellis ' (1997) interference framework and Selinker's (1972) interlanguage hypothesis in light of Kachru's (1985) concentric circle, the present study aimed at establishing the common errors in the preposition in written narratives, identify the difference in the rate of preponderance of preposition errors of language learners who acquired English as either their first or second language, and determine the compensation strategies used in English to Filipino and vice versa. This paper employed an explorative-descriptive design with 40 secondary students from Reedley International School (10 males and 10 females) and Sta. Isabel College (10 males and 10 females). In carrying out the study, two wordless picture story sequences as used by Shapiro and Hudson (1991 was adopted. Findings show that participants from Sta. Isabel College participants recorded more incorrect English prepositions which are predominantly incurred by females as compared with the Reedley International's list which appears to be consistent with the incorrect Filipino prepositions. As regards the preponderance of preposition errors, the data revealed a 3.2 mean across the twenty narratives. The same mean shows for the occurrences of incorrect preposition use. In terms of the compensations strategies, the participants used overgeneralization, elaboration, simplification, and contextualization. The study concluded that the evidence of interference among Filipino bilinguals was not as high as expected due to the minimal use of compensation strategies and the mistakes recorded were purely ungrammatical and not a transfer issue within the syntactic surface.

Unpublished Conference Paper Presentation by Ramsey Ferrer

In the light of subsequent developments towards globalization of Philippine aviation industry, ed... more In the light of subsequent developments towards globalization of Philippine aviation industry, educators in various aviation institutions in the country continue to seek new mechanisms to prepare millennial students for intercultural encounters. Although on-the-job-training can be an optimal strategy for this endeavor, this method is not always feasible. As such, educators seek other ways to increase intercultural experiences among millennials. This study investigated how Intercultural Communication Competence (ICC): (intercultural sensitivity, intercultural awareness, and intercultural adroitness) can be a predictor of Intercultural Communication Apprehension (ICA). Results indicate that the three dimensions of intercultural communication competence predict intercultural communication apprehension of millennials which supports the premise that intercultural communication competence manages or reduces intercultural communication apprehension. Furthermore, the study has led to the inclusion of Intercultural Communication which is now being incorporated as integral components in the aviation education curriculum designed to create a set of learning experiences necessary in producing globally competitive and culturally responsive aeronautical leaders and professionals to local and international audience.

In the light of subsequent politics in the Philippines, the President’s state-of-the-nation-addre... more In the light of subsequent politics in the Philippines, the President’s state-of-the-nation-address (SONA) has become one of significant discourses. While the SONA serves as the voice of the government for the Filipino people, it likewise shows the Presidents’ power of their speech in order to win the acquiescence of public. However, political discourse analysis has rarely been undertaken in the Philippine context. Although the study of Jibrin (2003) has initially lent information on how Presidents exercise their power in the SONA through a management in the mind that uses language, it remains a question whether they show commitment or detachment in their speech. According to Nivales (2011), commitment and detachment in one’s claim can be linguistically manifested in the use of hedging and boosting devices. ‘Commitment refers to the way the political actors are accountable for their words and actions and how this is connected to the way they construct their political identity’ (Johansson, 2008: 398) while detachment means the opposite. Inspired by Jalilifar and Alavi-Nia’s (2012) study on functional analysis of hedges and boosters in televised Iranian and American presidential debates, this investigation takes a corpus-based approach in analyzing the last SONA of the Philippine Presidents from Ferdinand E. Marcos, Jr. up to the incumbent President Benigno Aquino III. How the Presidents of the Philippines show their commitment or detachment to their SONA has been the focus of analysis. Using Salager-Meyer’s taxonomy (1997) and Hyland’s categorization (2005) of hedges and boosters, this study finds out who among the Presidents shows commitment in their respective speech.

Short Papers by Ramsey Ferrer

How is the study of classroom interaction and formal instruction important in the learning proces... more How is the study of classroom interaction and formal instruction important in the learning process of the target language?

Language transfer, motivation, language attitude and aptitude: Internal factors that influence su... more Language transfer, motivation, language attitude and aptitude: Internal factors that influence successful second language learning

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Scholarly Commons, 2019

Why should language teaching styles be considered in teaching second language learners?

A review on the history of research and approaches as regard second language acquisition and seco... more A review on the history of research and approaches as regard second language acquisition and second language learning has provided gargantuan knowledge and diverse interpretation of the underlying theories that have eventually paved the way in understanding the very nature of SLA and SLL vis-à-vis their implicative functions to language learning and teaching. To be able to channel the importance of SLA and SLL, it is important to define primarily the two in order to account for clear implications. In an effort to distinguish SLA and SLL, Krashen's theory has made a distinction of the two.

In the vast majority of theories and approaches to SLA, input is a critical variable as it is a m... more In the vast majority of theories and approaches to SLA, input is a critical variable as it is a major data source for the language learner. Several language theories have been studied in view of the role of input in L2 acquisition and learning. It is believed that a comprehensible input alone is necessary in L2 acquisition due to its beneficial effects on language acquisition .

Bloomsbury Academic, 2024

Language policy in aviation education is vital as this informs an industry-driven curriculum desi... more Language policy in aviation education is vital as this informs an industry-driven curriculum design, in general, and instructional plan, in particular. It begins with understanding what aviation is and how it is represented in the educational setting. However, language-related policies require a critical evaluation of the language ideologies, practices, and management among the stakeholders (e.g., academic authorities, faculty, and students) as key players in aviation Higher Education Institutions. How language policies are managed and enacted may reveal a (mis)match and tension between ideologies and practices at different levels. This explores the phenomenon by presenting a considerable number of analyses as a part of an ongoing corpus-based sociolinguistic inquiry seeking an understanding of the interaction between the aviation institution and the industry. First, it presents a substantial notion of aviation in the Aviation Corpus of English—Philippines (ACE-PHI) and how it is represented in the language policies embedded in HEIs curricula, focusing on a state college in the Philippines. Second, it portrays how language policies are implemented and enacted by the key players in aviation HEIs at different levels. Last, it provides implications for language policy and planning in aviation HEIs in a linguistically diverse country.

Graduate School Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 2022

Studies on discourse features and structure have demonstrated an understanding of how classroom d... more Studies on discourse features and structure have demonstrated an understanding of how classroom discourse can potentially inform language teaching and learning. As such, features and structure of classroom discourse show recurring patterns, which augment learners' mechanism to direct or shift attention, sequence stages, and express their stance (Hyland, 2005a) through the use of a variety of discourse resources (e.g., transition markers, hedging devices, engagement marker, etc.) These patterns prompt teachers to structure their lessons and design appropriate classroom teaching strategies. Despite its contribution, it receives less attention among language teachers. Hence, in this paper, I hope to demonstrate how this is applied in the language classroom and establish its relevance to the current disruptive education landscape. This paper presents a discourse-based study on student-led discussion (SLD). It attempts to provide practical tips
for teachers on how students understand their discourse and how teachers use this as evidence of learning. This paper aims to help teachers recognize and understand interactional and interactive metadiscourse markers employed by students and to assist them in designing a formative language assessment. It, in turn, informs students' strategic manipulation of various discourse markers toward developing a well-structured student-led discussion on online platforms.

Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada, 2024

Several studies on metadiscourse zero in on how genres show nuances of linguistic features that r... more Several studies on metadiscourse zero in on how genres show nuances of linguistic features that reside in various structures depending upon the linguistic exigencies of language for specific purposes. Inquisitive on how these nuances are demonstrated through a repertoire of metadiscoursal
features in a highly contextualized discourse, this paper explores how metadiscourse resources are utilized in aeronautics and aerospace engineering and how these facilitate the development of a well-composed text in the field of aviation. Using Hyland and Tse’s (2004) and Hyland’s (2005, 2010) analytical frameworks for interactive and interactional resources, a corpus of thirty research articles comprising 125,298 words
published in the Journal of Aeronautics and Aerospace Engineering was scrutinized. As revealed in the study, the investigated metadiscourse markers resembled Hyland and Tse’s (2004) and Hyland’s (2005, 2010) findings in terms of interactive and interactional markers, which contain similar features of academic writing such as formality and objectivity; however, in the use of interactional resources, it yielded a finding that supports informality through the use of self-mentions. The quantitative analysis yielded a higher frequency of interactive markers than interactional markers across the thirty articles. This argues that writers in aeronautics and aerospace engineering articles essentially employ more interactive resources than interactional resources, suggesting that these writers are primarily concerned with making their text more cohesive while being responsible for establishing an interpersonal stance toward both the propositional contents and the audience of the text. The findings of the present study provide pedagogical implications as to how writers in the field of aeronautics and aerospace engineering can effectively compose their articles through the strategic use of metadiscoursal markers.

PACLIC, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically affected various industries, and aviation is the hardest hi... more The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically affected various industries, and aviation is the hardest hit (Suau-Sanchez et al., 2020). This predicament has turned all flyers across the globe into flying a low-cost carrier (henceforth, LCC) for pragmatic reasons. Attracting airline customers in a competitive market during this extra challenging time is inextricably linked to the strategic manipulation of linguistic resources in airline slogans. However, there has been a scarcity of contrastive analysis of rhetorical and linguistic devices used in LCCs' slogans that promote their global and local identities ascribed to airlines' culture and belief systems. Juxtaposed from McQuarrie and Mick (1996), Nilsen & Nilsen (1978, 1979), and Praba's (2017) theoretical and analytical frameworks, this study takes a corpus-based approach to analyze the rhetorical figures and linguistic devices operating in thirty (30) LCCs' slogans as represented in the three traffic conference areas which were ranked World's Best LCCs (2019-2021) by Skytrax. Findings reveal that many rhetorical figures and linguistic devices are employed in LCCs' slogans through phonetic, syntactic, and semantic devices. Moreover, these linguistic devices coconstruct the overall rhetorical appeal of the slogans may have influenced passengers' airline choices during the pandemic. The study likewise reveals socio-cultural embeddings inferred from the airline slogans. Therefore, it can be construed that airline slogans lend awareness to sociocultural nuances framed in American, European, and Asian LCCs through the rhetorical and linguistic resources that aid in making their global and local presence and thus their identity concerns during the pandemic.

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Scholarly Commons, 2019

This study aims at investigating the lexical items in Aviation Phraseology that has both standard... more This study aims at investigating the lexical
items in Aviation Phraseology that has both
standard and nonstandard meanings when
Pilot and Air Traffic Controller (ATC) use
them in radiotelephony. A collection of
Cockpit Voice Recorder or Quick Access
Recorder transcripts with 26,421 words
from the Civil Aviation Authority of the
Philippines (CAAP) and from International
Airlines’ accessible transcripts has been the
primary data for scrutiny. Through a
corpus-based analysis and a survey
research, the present study reveals that the
lexical items go ahead, hold short, priority,
and affirm are used sporadically in
nonstandard ways that might lead to
ambiguity, and thus posing potential errors.
In the survey conducted for Pilots and
ATCs, both affirm the occurrence of
nonstandard use in Aviation Phraseology.
ATCs assert that the nonstandard use of
such lexical items frequently occur during
Route or En-route Clearance while Pilots
confirm that these transpire during Takeoff
Clearance, Altitude Clearance, Approach
Clearance, and Landing Clearance.
Precisely, the nonstandard use of Aviation
Phraseology in this study shows
nonconformity in the efforts of the
International Civil Aviation Organization
to provide “maximum clarity, brevity, and
unambiguity”. Furthermore, awareness of
this phenomenon must be heightened
among aviation students who are future
aeronautical professionals in the field.

Following Ellis' (1997) interference framework and Selinker's (1972) interlanguage hypothesis in ... more Following Ellis' (1997) interference framework and Selinker's (1972) interlanguage hypothesis in light of Kachru's (1985) concentric circle, the present study aimed at establishing the common errors in the preposition in written narratives, identify the difference in the rate of preponderance of preposition errors of language learners who acquired English as either their first or second language, and determine the compensation strategies used in English to Filipino and vice versa. This paper employed an explorative-descriptive design with 40 secondary students from Reedley International School (10 males and 10 females) and Sta. Isabel College (10 males and 10 females). In carrying out the study, two wordless picture story sequences as used by Shapiro and Hudson (1991 was adopted. Findings show that participants from Sta. Isabel College participants recorded more incorrect English prepositions which are predominantly incurred by females as compared with the Reedley International's list which appears to be consistent with the incorrect Filipino prepositions. As regards the preponderance of preposition errors, the data revealed a 3.2 mean across the twenty narratives. The same mean shows for the occurrences of incorrect preposition use. In terms of the compensations strategies, the participants used overgeneralization, elaboration, simplification, and contextualization. The study concluded that the evidence of interference among Filipino bilinguals was not as high as expected due to the minimal use of compensation strategies and the mistakes recorded were purely ungrammatical and not a transfer issue within the syntactic surface.

Philippine ESL Journal, Jul 2015

Studies on Philippine English have typically focused on the different aspects of its grammar. How... more Studies on Philippine English have typically focused on the different aspects of its grammar. However, subjectless nonfinite clauses as verbal complements have not been investigated yet. This paper scrutinizes subjectless non-finite clauses as monotransitive variants of verbal complements in PhilE complementation based on Quirk, Greenbaum, Leech, and Svartvik (1985). Accordingly, this paper will focus on “to-infinitive” and “-ing participial” constructions as two frequent nonfinite clauses in examining PhilE monotransitive verbal complementation. The present study takes a corpus-based approach in analyzing a large collection of spoken and written texts of ICE-PHI corpus. Considering the three verb classes that both use the “to-infinitive” and “–ing participial” construction, the study reveals some deviations (which can be considered unique) from Quirk et.al’s description of verbal complements specifically on how Filipinos utilize retrospective verbs in both spoken and written discourse. However, the use of emotive and aspectual verbs shows adherence to Quirk et. al’s description. This paper’s grammatical investigation further discusses the pedagogical implications of such adherences and deviations in teaching English in the Philippines.

International Journal of Education and Research, Feb 2015

Previous studies in the functions and development of language in classroom discourse (Cazden, 200... more Previous studies in the functions and development of language in classroom discourse (Cazden, 2001; Fulk-Row, 1996; Hall, 1998; Willis, 1981; Zhang, 2008) have explained further its importance as it relates to classroom talk that occurs between teachers and students. However, the premise that the mere opportunity for social interaction and discourse will not necessary lead to learning experiences, unless serious attention is paid to the purposes that the discourse serves in particular activities and the types of interactions to which it contributes to, has not been investigated yet in the Philippine context. Informed by the proposed framework of Kumupulainen & Wray (1997) on analyzing children’s classroom discourse, this study aims to identify the various functions of language among children’s discourse and how these language functions are used to negotiate meaning in a social classroom interaction. Findings on the video recorded and transcribed children’s classroom discourse reveal that there are categorized and uncategorized language functions that come into play. Accordingly, categorized language functions (e.g. interrogative, responsive, organization, to name a few) show that children use informative language (most predominantly) in a social interaction while the uncategorized language functions (e.g. code-switching; polite expressions; expression of sarcasm; repetition/emphasis; self-correction, to name a few) co-occur with their own intentions that may contribute to the existing language functions in children’s discourse. In conclusion, results show that children’s classroom discourse when paid attention leads to learning experiences through the use of various language functions that determine children’s purpose in the negotiation of meaning in their talk.

This study investigated the intercultural communication competence of cabin crew of select airlin... more This study investigated the intercultural communication competence of cabin crew of select airlines in the Philippines and examined how the demographic factors influence their competency in intercultural communication. Specifically, this gauged the competency of the cabin crew in terms of the affective process (intercultural sensitivity), the cognitive process (intercultural awareness), and the behavioral process (intercultural adroitness). Through a mixed-method research design, an adapted survey-questionnaire and interviews were used to gather pertinent data from 30 cabin crew members, having 10 per Airline Company. The results revealed that the cabin crew of select airlines are all competent towards intercultural communication as explicated in the Intercultural Communication Competence model of Chen and Starosta (2004). Accordingly, Cebu Pacific is the airline company with the most competent cabin crew followed by Philippine Airlines and Air Asia. Of the three dimensions gauged, intercultural adroitness appeared to be highly demonstrated which proved that Filipino cabin crew are trained to have good message skills, appropriate self-discloser, behavioral flexibility, interaction management and social skills. The least accordant, however, was intercultural awareness which suggested that Filipino cabin crew must increase their cultural awareness and self-awareness may there be gaps and holes in their training programs. The three significant demographic factors that could greatly affect the intercultural communication competence of the cabin crew are gender, age, and having foreign peers. Findings of the study led to a conclusion that the cabin crew members play a significant role in the Philippine aviation industry in maintaining high quality service through intercultural communication competence.

The English Language has earned a vital role in the field of Aviation as recognized by the Intern... more The English Language has earned a vital role in the field of Aviation as recognized by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). It has become a prerequisite among pilots and Air Traffic Controllers (ATCs) to demonstrate a proficiency in standard aviation phraseology for communications since 2011. However, pilots and ATCs have demonstrated failures in using standard phraseology that has likely contributed to communication errors (Molesworth & Estival, 2014) has led to flight incidents which occur when lexicons, having standardized usage, are used in non-standard ways, leading to ambiguity and thus posing potential errors. Indeed, a pellucid communication between pilots and ATCs is imperative for a safe and expeditious flight operation. Following Kachru’s (1985) World Englishes paradigm through a corpus-based approach (Tiewtrakul & Fletcher, 2010), the present study investigates the lexical items used in non-standard ways that cause to communication errors in a corpus of Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) or Quick Access Recorder (QAR) transcripts with 26,421 words obtained from the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) and from select International Airlines’ accessible transcripts. Particularly, this study has two main parts: to identify the lexical items that have standard usage but are employed in non-standard ways; and to report the results of two surveys conducted for 28 ATCs and 14 pilots from CAAP. This paper adapts the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Phraseology survey (Said, 2011) in order to assess ATCs and pilots’ knowledge on the use of the lexical items that are not standardized and to provide implicative views on the practices that are occurring but are not always standard.

Pursuing excellence in customer service, installing world-class facilities, demonstrating high qu... more Pursuing excellence in customer service, installing world-class facilities, demonstrating high quality security and safety standards are the main keys to be a country's premiere international gateway. On top of these hallmarks, an inclusive service has to be made available to all passengers from different walks of life. This has been highlighted as there is a rapid increase in the number of passengers that go in and out through the different terminals in the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (Agcaoili, 2015), and this includes many deaf passengers. Like the Philippines, along with its international counterparts, has started initiating improvements to many of its services as it vies to becoming the destination of choice and the best aviation service provider in the world. These visions entail reconstructing and constructing the aesthetics and re-engineering the passenger-personnel communication frameworks which have already been in the pipeline. In realizing these goals, this paper employed a quantitative approach to identify the degree of challenges in communication between deaf passengers and airport and airline employees. Through a purposive sampling technique, the challenges were identified according to services the industry offers and were analyzed how they become challenging. A researcher-designed survey-questionnaire was distributed to eighteen (18) deaf passengers who were enrolled in the School for Deaf of the De La Salle-College of St. Benilde and twenty (20) airport personnel with nine (9) airline employees in the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) Terminals 1, 2, and 3. They were purposively selected for they have travelled domestically and/or internationally, and have serviced various types of travelers. The study revealed that among the three groups of respondents, only airline employees found it least challenging to communicate with deaf passengers while deaf passengers and airport employees encountered difficulties in communicating with each other, thus accepting the null hypotheses which state that there is no significant difference on the challenges when grouped according to demographics and airline and airport services. Further, the paper conclusively reveals that deaf passengers, despite various advancements, still find it challenging to communicate with airport and airline employees in terms of the services offered. Further research is encouraged to delve into creating a manual on how airline and airport employees should communicate with passengers who have special needs in general.

EDUHEART BOOK PUBLISHING, 2023

The Philippine State College of Aeronautics (PhilSCA) is a premier Higher Education Institution (... more The Philippine State College of Aeronautics (PhilSCA) is a premier Higher Education Institution (HEI) in aviation sciences in the country. PhilSCA aims to produce world-class professionals in the aviation industry through quality instruction, research, extension, resource management, and industry partnership. To achieve its goals and objectives of a center for research and advanced studies, PhilSCA strives to implement programs and projects that (i) transmit and disseminate knowledge and skills relevant to the manpower needs of the country and (ii) discover and disseminate new knowledge/technology needed for the development of the country. PhilSCA has also enumerated several research programs in the key result areas (KRAs) of its Strategic Plan for 2021- 2025. The research-related KRAS are innovative research agenda, industry revolutionizing research, productive
publication service program, knowledge generation/incubation/commercialization, and enabled condition for research dissemination and publication. An innovative research agenda is one of the KRAs of the PhilSCA Strategic Plan for 2021-2025. The Research & Development Center (RDC) has been tasked to formulate a Research and Development (R&D) Agenda for 2021-2025. The Board of Trustees (BOT) of PhilSCA has given the following recommendations on the R&D Agenda: (1) look into gaps of knowledge to determine the research agenda; (2) present the landscape with researchable areas identified to ensure it provides the opportunity to prioritize projects, solve problems, and contribute new knowledge; (3) know if existing laws and programs were still relevant; (4) determine some models to contribute to the efficiency of services. Besides this, the R&D agenda is also anchored on instruction, extension, and productivity of PhilSCA.

The formulation of the PhilSCA R&D Agenda for 2021-2025 has undergone two phases. Phase 1 aimed to identify the key research areas and domain through content analysis of the PhilSCA Strategic Plan for 2021-2025, Ambisyon 2040: Philippine Development Plan, and United Nations (UN)
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and consultations from the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP), and Philippine Air Force (PAF). Phase 2 aimed to identify the research targets, specific research areas, and general research
priorities thru the utilization of the participatory foresight approach with the faculty members and academic officials of PhilSCA. One common research agenda-setting method for scientific organizations and agencies is the participatory foresight approach. This approach includes a literature
review from expert documents and consensus building from an expert panel. For the R&D agenda of PhilSCA, content and thematic analyses were performed on recent aviation technical papers, the research agenda of funding agencies, and strategic plans of aviation organizations for the formulation of an initial program research agenda (PRA). The draft PRA was then subjected to two rounds of online Delphi surveys from the faculty and academic officials of PhilSCA. After this, an institute research agenda (IRA) and college research agenda (CRA) were formulated from the results of the
Delphi survey. The proposed CRA was then classified according to the identified key research areas and domains from Phase 1 of the research agenda setting process. The proposed CRA with its PRA and IRA will be subjected to the review of the PhilSCA Research Council before its submission to the BOT for final revisions and approval. The PhilSCA R&D agenda for 2021-2025 summarizes the research targets of the R&D agenda of the different programs, specific research areas of the R&D agenda of the different institutes, and the general research priorities of the college.