Polyphenol extract from evening primrose pomace alleviates experimental colitis after intracolonic and oral administration in mice - PubMed (original) (raw)

Polyphenol extract from evening primrose pomace alleviates experimental colitis after intracolonic and oral administration in mice

M Sałaga et al. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2014 Nov.

Abstract

Oenothera paradoxa (EP) preparations are commonly used in folk medicine to treat skin diseases, neuralgia, and gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Several reports suggested that EP preparations exhibit potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we aimed to characterize the action of EP pomace polyphenol extract in mouse model of colitis. We analyzed the composition of EP pomace polyphenol extract using reversed phase HPLC system and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system coupled with a quadrupole-time of flight (Q-TOF) MS instrument. Then, we used a well-established animal model of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis to determine the anti-inflammatory action of EP pomace polyphenol extract. We also investigated the effect of the EP pomace polyphenol extract on pro-inflammatory (IL-1β and TNF-α) cytokine mRNA levels and hydrogen peroxide concentration in the inflamed colon. Administration of EP pomace polyphenol extract significantly improved macroscopic and microscopic damage scores, as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in TNBS-treated mice. The anti-inflammatory effect of the extract was observed after intracolonic and oral administration and was dose-dependent. Significant reduction of tissue hydrogen peroxide level after treatment with EP pomace polyphenol extract suggests that its therapeutic effect is a result of free radical scavenging. This novel finding indicates that the application of the EP pomace polyphenol extract in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) may become an attractive supplementary treatment for conventional anti-inflammatory therapy.

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Figures

Fig. 1

Fig. 1

The EP pomace polyphenol extract and 5-ASA (both at the dose of 5 mg/kg, twice daily over 3 days) attenuated TNBS-induced colitis in mice after i.c. administration. Figure shows data for macroscopic score (a), colon wall thickness (b), MPO activity (c), and changes in body weight (d). &P < 0.05, &&P < 0.01, &&&P < 0.001, as compared to control mice. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 versus TNBS-treated animals. Data represent mean ± SEM of 6–8 mice per group

Fig. 2

Fig. 2

The EP pomace polyphenol extract attenuates colitis in a dose-dependent manner after p.o. administration. Figure shows data for macroscopic scores (a), MPO activity (b), colon wall thickness (c), and changes in body weight (d). &P < 0.05, &&&P < 0.001, as compared to control mice. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 versus TNBS-treated animals. Data represent mean ± SEM of 6–8 mice per group

Fig. 3

Fig. 3

Microscopic total damage score and representative micrographs of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of distal colon from a control, b TNBS, and c TNBS + EP (5 mg/kg, twice daily, p.o.)-treated mice. Scale bar = 100 μm. &&&P < 0.001, as compared with control mice, ***P < 0.001, as compared to TNBS-treated mice. Data represent mean ± SEM of 6–8 mice per group

Fig. 4

Fig. 4

The effect of the EP pomace polyphenol extract (5 mg/kg, twice daily over 3 days, p.o.) on the a IL-1β mRNA, b TNF-α mRNA, and c Oenothera biennis H2O2 levels in colon specimens isolated from TNBS-treated mice. &P < 0.05, as compared to control mice. *P < 0.05 versus TNBS-treated animals. Data represent mean ± SEM of 6–8 mice per group

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