Seyed Hassan Hosseini | Sharif University of Technology (original) (raw)

Papers by Seyed Hassan Hosseini

Global media journal, Sep 23, 2015

Books and Book Chapters 1. Hosseini, S. H. (2013). Ibn Sina and Sadra on the Seddiqin Argument fo... more Books and Book Chapters 1. Hosseini, S. H. (2013). Ibn Sina and Sadra on the Seddiqin Argument for the Existence of God. In Mokdad Arfa Mensia (Ed.), Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra Shirazi. Tunisian Academy of Sciences, Literature, and Arts. 2. Hosseini, S. H.

Every being, if considered from the point of view of its essence and without consideration of oth... more Every being, if considered from the point of view of its essence and without consideration of other things, is found to be such that either existence necessarily belongs to it in itself or it does not. If existence belongs to it necessarily, then it is the truth in itself and that whose existence is necessary from itself. This is the Independent Reality… Therefore, every existent either has necessary existence in essence or has possible existence in essence. (Ibn Sina 2014, 122

Journal of Philosophical Theological Research, 2023

Are the meanings of "chance" and "guidedness" consistent? The goal of this article is to provide ... more Are the meanings of "chance" and "guidedness" consistent? The goal of this article is to provide an affirmative answer to this question and thereby defend compatibilism (or accommodationism), which is the position that evolutionary theory and interventionist theism can coexist harmoniously. Compatibilists, such as van Inwagen (2003), Bartholomew (2008), Dowe (2011), Bradley (2012), and Sober (2014) argue that certain components or features of the biosphere exhibit both chancy and divinely guided aspects.

The article presents the results of an aesthetic study of content and visual forms on Instagram, ... more The article presents the results of an aesthetic study of content and visual forms on Instagram, a relatively new social media platform. The study focuses on how the products of digital technology, understood as new artifacts within the postmodern aesthetic framework, have been taken up within the digital culture. The results of the research help us to understand the characteristics of this new social media platform, indicating that Instagram has been highly successful in changing aesthetic criteria and standards and creating new aesthetic forms and content.

Transcendent Philosophy, 2020

The most inclusive problem of the divine action, whose answer could clarify other sub-problems, i... more The most inclusive problem of the divine action, whose answer could clarify other sub-problems, is the God-nature relationship. Without a precise and accurate account of this issue, no entry point could be found for divine action in nature. This paper is aimed to reconstruct the Neo-Sadraian Islamic Philosophy's reaction to the problem of divine action in nature on the basis of Tabatabaie's viewpoint, one of the Neo-Sadraian Islamic philosophers. According to Tabatabaie, God's acts are not limited to the specific causal joint which scientific and indeterministic approaches imply. Instead, he suggests a more fundamental gap which is revealed by metaphysical analysis of contingent beings. This gap is the ontological indigence of contingent beings. God, as a Perfect and Necessary Being, treats their indigence with His perfection. Thus, nature has a permanent dependency on God. In Tabatabaie's view, as we argue, neither does divine action violates the laws of nature, nor do these laws render God "Hands-off" when it comes to nature.

In contemporary analytic philosophy, the principle of sufficient reason (PSR) has been attacked d... more In contemporary analytic philosophy, the principle of sufficient reason (PSR) has been attacked due to its controversial results. Among these results, necessarianism (modal collapse) is the most significant one. Indeed, our intuition indicates that there are some things around us which are contingent which means that they could be in another way. Accepting the PSR seems to conflict with this common intuition; if all things have a sufficient reason, is it possible to have contingency or would all things be necessary? In response to this problem, several answers have been presented which we will recount briefly in this paper , nevertheless the main points that we have emphasized in this paper are: 1. explaining the problem of necessarianism based on the text of one of the pioneer thinkers in this regard (Van Inwagen) who refuted the principle and 2. an answer to this problem from one of the most important researchers on the issue (Pruss) who tries to solve the problem by denying causal necessity. Finally, we examine the solution of Muslim philosophers especially Ibn-Sina (Avicenna) who solved the problem without refuting causal necessity.

The main question in the subject of the divine action in nature is how God, as an immaterial bein... more The main question in the subject of the divine action in nature is how God, as an immaterial being, relates to nature as a material being. In recent years, some have sought to address this issue by relying on the metaphysics and theology of Thomas Aquinas, and some by appealing to quantum indeterminism as the two mainstream views. A third group has addressed this issue based on emergentism theory. Emergentists have tried to solve the problem of divine action through a new theory of causality. They search for this theory of causality in the relationship between the natural objects that modern science deals with. The other characteristic of emergentism is the monistic approach, therein, while rejecting the substance dualism, does not fall into physicalism. In addition to explaining the emergentism approach, we argue in this paper that emergentism has more explanatory power than the two competing perspectives to solve the problem of divine action. The main argument in explaining its advantage over quantum's view is that emergentists do not provide a temporary answer due to its reliance on the metaphysics of science. In the face of the Thomistic view, the most crucial advantage of emergentism is a more precise interpretation of the laws of nature, which is rooted in the metaphysics of science. However, emergentism itself has been criticized, especially for the taking of panentheism theology.

For more than two decades psychologists and sociologists have been warning about the damage of ne... more For more than two decades psychologists and sociologists have been warning about the damage of new social media. in the last decade, the neurological research has been developed to provide an empirical foundation to support the above hypothesis. This study was conducted with the aim of informing about the harms caused by the use of modern social media. In this descriptive study, we intend to acquaint thinkers with the achievements of this fledgling field of research. Researchers hold that a significant contribution to the adolescent trend plays a significant role in the tendency of individuals toward social media, thus increasing impulsive behavior. The three parts of the brain, namely the "social cognition network," the "selfreferential cognition network" and the "reward network", are basically worth mentioning of individuals to social media. The reward mechanisms that have been defined in the media and the neurological changes of the brain during the adolescence, cause more stimulate and activity in the three regions, which in turn, is an important booster in the growing use of social media. on the other hand, loneliness, depression and memory weakness is one of the most important injuries of social media in addition to the neurological changes of the brain in adolescence, It also goes back to the influence of peers and the media multitasker. in this paper,

The main issue of this article is how to harmonize determinism and moral responsibility (the clas... more The main issue of this article is how to harmonize determinism and moral responsibility (the classic problem of free will) by reconsidering the philosophy of Avicenna. Certainly, Avicenna believes in determinism and in various works has emphasized the necessity of the effect by its sufficient cause. Avicenna, on the other hand, certainly believes in the moral responsibility of autonomous agents, including human beings. We have shown in the first step that he denies free will in the libertarian sense (the ability to do otherwise) for any agents; Because this notion of free will requires objective possibilities and is not compatible with causal determinism. Avicenna has identified a new type of voluntary agent who does not need to have an over-intentional intention to do something. Here, he looks very similar to proponents of agent causation; His idea, however, was not intended to defend a libertarian notion of free will, but to get rid of the challenge of the infinite regress of wills. Hence, Avicenna can be considered one of the few proponents of the "compatibilist agent causation." In the second step, an overview of Avicenna's theory of action is drawn. Here, in particular, emphasis is placed on the activity of the soul in the stages of the causal process leading to action, and the quality of these activities is introduced as a criterion for the morality degree of the agent..

Philosophical proponents of the idea of progress believe that the human condition has improved th... more Philosophical proponents of the idea of progress believe that the human condition has improved throughout history and to this day, and will continue to do so in the future. Adorno writes in his writings that man has not progressed to date, but there is a possibility of progress in the future. Adorno's position thus becomes that he is not opposed to the idea of progress, but to the claim that progress has been made in the history of mankind. Our claim in this article is that according to the Dialectic of the Enlightenment, it is not just the catastrophes of the twentieth century that Adorno's reason for not making progress in human history, but he believes in the dialectical rule of rationality and domination of human history. If we accept this claim, then it must be said that such an idea eliminates even the possibility of progress in the future, and therefore there is a contradiction between the dialectic of the Enlightenment and the idea of progress.

While generally, the concern of the researchers of the philosophy of religion is related to the t... more While generally, the concern of the researchers of the philosophy of religion is related to the truth, justification, and meaningfulness of the religious propositions, the theologian seeks to explain or understand the reason behind the thoughts and rituals of religious people. In this article, we discuss Freud's opinions in the field of religious studies to explain why religion appeared at the beginning of history from Freud's point of view. We also deal with the issue of how Freud's ideas in explaining the origin of religion are related to the opinions of Darwin and some Darwinists. In the introduction of this article, religious studies and their different categories have been discussed. In the second part of the article, we have explained Freud's opinions about the origin of religion in prehistory. In the third part of this chapter, we have discussed which part of Freud's theories in the field of religious studies was influenced by Darwin and in which part it contrasts with Darwin's theories. In the fourth part, we have raised the criticisms of some Darwinists against Freud in the field of religious studies, and in the fifth part, we have examined these criticisms.

Questions about the metaphysics of causation may be usefully divided into questions about the obj... more Questions about the metaphysics of causation may be usefully divided into questions about the objects that are causally related, and questions about the causal relations themselves. For instance, is causation merely a physical concept? What is the connection between causation and probability? According to Wesley Salmon, an analysis of causation in terms of physical and causal relations of propensity is possible. But he replaces the notion of necessity with what he calls propensity. This approach to causality is consistent with a probabilistic approach. Another approach would be to reduce such relations to the physical causation. These questions should be resolved. As it turns out, in order to resolve these fundamental and metaphysical disputes, we can turn to a concept of causation that has been discussed within the Islamic philosophy. This approach treats causality as a rational and philosophical notion, and, in contrast to the probabilistic approach, it retains the necessity of causal relations.

The problem of free will has historically evolved. What is observed in the contemporary period wi... more The problem of free will has historically evolved. What is observed in the contemporary period with the emergence of empirical science is the relationship between free will and physical determinism. Although physical determinism has been weakened in some approaches to empirical science, the free will problem still remains strong in philosophical debates. What is discussed in this article can be shown as the following argument. 1. Determinism is either true or false; 2. If determinism is correct, the past determines the future, and consequently our will, and therefore we do not have free will; 3. If determinism is wrong, in an undetermined world, the human will is by chance and not free; 4. Therefore, in any case, we do not have free will. The first introduction is an obvious and true statement. The second premise is the content of the consequence argument and the third premise is the claim of the luck argument. The final proposition is the logical result of the preparations. Comparative studies of this article also showed that transcendental wisdom, through accepting the luck argument and not providing an acceptable answer to the consequence argument, must accept the final result of this argument, which is the rejection of free will. In general, it seems that no acceptable theoretical solution to the contemporary problem of free will has been found so far, and a solution to this problem must be sought in practical reasons.

Global media journal, Sep 23, 2015

Journal of Philosophical Theological Research, 2023

Transcendent Philosophy, 2020

‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫زﻧﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‬ ‫دﻳﻦ،‬ 6 ‫و‬ 7 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬ 1394 ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺰارﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن‬ : ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫دﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔ... more ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫زﻧﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‬ ‫دﻳﻦ،‬ 6 ‫و‬ 7 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬ 1394 ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺰارﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن‬ : ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫دﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪه‬ ) 5 ( ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ ‫ـــــــــــ‬ ‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪه‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ‬ 13 / ‫ّﺎﺻﺪرا‬ ‫ﻣﻠ‬ ‫دﻳﺪﮔﺎه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ‬ ‫اﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫اوﺻﺎف‬ / ‫اﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻴﺐ‬ 14 / ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫روﻳﻜﺮدﻫﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬ / ‫اﺣﻤﺪي‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ‬ ‫زاده‬ 15 / ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫اﻳﻤﺎن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻇﺮ‬ ‫آراء‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬ / ‫و‬ ‫اﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﻴﺖ،‬ ‫ﺿﺮورت‬ ‫دﻳﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻳﻤﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫در‬ ‫ّﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻘ‬ ) ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﮕﻮﻳﻲ‬ ( / ‫اﺧﻮان‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺪي‬ 17 / ‫ﺟﻴﻤﺰ‬ ‫وﻳﻠﻴﺎم‬ ‫دﻳﺪﮔﺎه‬ ‫از‬ ‫دﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﻛﺮدﻫﺎي‬ / ‫آرﻳﺎن‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻳﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮ‬ 19 / ‫اﻳﻤﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ادواردز‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎت‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﺎص‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺪي‬ ‫ﺳﻬﺎم‬ 20 / ‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﺣﻴـﺎت‬ ‫اﺛﺒﺎت‬ ‫در‬ ‫آن‬ ‫دﻻﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭼﻴﺴﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮگ؛‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺰدﻳـﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣـﺮگ‬ ‫از‬ / ‫اﻋﺘﻤﺎدي‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺘﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎ‬ 21 / ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺻﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﻛﺮدﻫﺎي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻲ‬ ‫دﻟﺴﻮزي‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺖ‬ / ‫اﻛﺒﺮي‬ ‫رﺿﺎ‬ 22 / ‫زﻧﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﭼﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‬ / ‫اﻣﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد‬ 24 / ‫ﺗﻔﻜ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮد‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺪﮔﺎه‬ ‫ﺣﻜ‬ ‫رﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ / ‫ﻓﺮد‬ ‫اﻧﺼﺎري‬ ‫ﺟﻮاد‬ 27 / ‫ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺪد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزه‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫دﻳﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫رﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎرض‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻔﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺘﻲ‬ ‫دﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫آﻣﻮزه‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎص‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻘﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺪا‬ / ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫آﻫﻮﭘﺎي‬ 28 / ‫دﻳﻨﻲ‬ ‫زﻧﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻜﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎرض‬ ‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬ / ‫اﻟﻠﻬﻲ‬ ‫آﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﻴﺪرﺿﺎ‬ 29 / ‫ﻧﻘﺎﺑﺪار‬ ‫ﮔﺮاﻳﻲ‬ ‫واﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﭼﻴﺴﺘﻲ،‬ ‫ﮔﻠﺸﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺪي‬ ‫دﻛﺘﺮ‬ ‫دﻳﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫در‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ / ‫ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺑﻪ‬ ‫آرام‬ ) ٦ ( ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫دﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪه‬ ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ 30 / ‫ﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻬﺎت‬ . ‫ال‬ . ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻬﺎت‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺮ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫درﺑﺎره‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﺪراﻳﻲ‬ / ‫ﺑﻬﺮاﻣﻲ‬ ‫رﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ 31 / ‫ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺟﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬ / ‫ﺑﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪرﺿﺎ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫اﻣﻴﺮي‬ ‫زﻳﻨﺐ‬ 32 / ‫ﻣﻄﻬﺮي‬ ‫ﺷﻬﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﺪﻳﺸﺔ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻄﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﻨﻴﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺪي‬ 34 / ‫ﻋﻘﻼﻧﻲ‬ ‫دﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻣﺮوز‬ ‫اﻳﺮان‬ ‫در‬ ‫آن‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭼﺎﻟﺶ‬ ‫و‬ / ‫ﭘﺮده‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﭼﻲ‬ 36 / ‫ﻋﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺎدت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺖ‬ ‫اﺧﻼق‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻴﺎد‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮي‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ‬ / ‫ﭘﺮوان‬ ‫ﻧﻐﻤﻪ‬ 37 / ‫دﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫دﻳﺪﮔﺎه‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺪا‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫اﺛﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺳﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻫﺎﻧﻬﺎي‬ ‫از‬ ‫دﻓﺎع‬ ‫ﻣﺎورودس‬ ‫ﺟﻮرج‬ / ‫ﭘﻮرﻣﺤﻤﺪي‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻴﻤﻪ‬ 39 / ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫زﻧﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﺎر‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺮ؛‬ ‫ﺛﻘﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻴﻦ‬ 40 / ‫اﻟﻨﻮر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻬﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ‬ ‫دﻳﺪﮔﺎه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫دﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺰوم‬ ‫ﭼﺮاﻳﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻣﭗ‬ / ‫ُم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺟﺮاﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻧﻲ‬ 41 / ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎب‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ادﻳﺎن‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﺎﻧﻴ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬ / ‫اﻧﻮاري‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬ 42 / ‫ﻋﻘﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﺪود‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺎﺑﻬﺎي‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺐ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬ ‫اﺻﻮل‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺻﺪرا‬ / ‫ﺟﻮراﺑﭽﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﻴﺒﻪ‬ 43 / ‫ﺗﻜ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ّﻪ‬ ‫ادﻟ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺎﻓﻮء‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺧﺪاﺑﺎوري‬ ‫ﺳﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺪﻻل‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎم‬ ‫ﺟﻼﻟﻲ‬ ‫‪‬ﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﻬﺮاﻧﻲ‬ 44 / ‫اﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت‬ ‫و‬ ‫دﻳﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ / ‫ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬ 45 / ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮة‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬ ‫آﻟﺴﺘﻮن‬ ‫وﻳﻠﻴﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ‬ / ‫ﺣﺒﻴﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﺳﻴﻪ‬ 46 / ‫ﺑﺮون‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺮاﻳﻲ‬ ‫دﻳﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ‬ : ‫آﻟﺴﺘﻮن‬ ‫وﻳﻠﻴﺎم‬ ‫دﻳﺪﮔﺎه‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﺰاﻟﻪ‬ 47 / ‫ﻗﺮآن‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺻﺪرا‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺮگ‬ ) ‫اﻟﻤﻴﺰان‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ( ‫رﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺪ‬ ) ‫‪‬ﻫﻴﺮ‬ ‫ز‬ ( ‫ﻟﻮاﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻲ‬ 48 / ‫زﻧﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻚ‬ ‫و‬ ‫دﻳﻦ‬ / ‫ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺼﻮره‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫دﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪه‬ ) 7 ( ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ ‫ـــــــــــ‬ ‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬