Radoslav Čambal | Slovak National Museum (original) (raw)

Books by Radoslav Čambal

Poklady z Malých Karpát. Nálezy z vrchov a nížin. Katalóg výstavy, 2020

Poklady z Malých Karpát. Nálezy z vrchov a nížin. Katalóg výstavy., 2020

SKRYTÉ POKLADY, 2019

Od roku 2015 prebieha v obci Tvrdošovce archeologický výskum pod vedením Slovenského národného mú... more Od roku 2015 prebieha v obci Tvrdošovce archeologický výskum pod vedením Slovenského národného múzea v Bratislave.
Počas tejto pomerne krátkej doby bolo objavené množstvo výnimočných nálezov, ktoré svojim významom do veľkej miery prekračujú región Tvrdošoviec a ich okolia. Kniha má za cieľ
na príklade tejto významnej lokality priblížiť dejiny najstaršieho osídlenia Slovenska od praveku až po stredovek. Prináša výber tých najzaujímavejších nálezov, ktoré sa podarilo počas výskumu objaviť a na ich príklade ukazuje, aké bohaté, pestré a pútavé
sú dejiny územia dnešného Slovenska.

by Hradiska Sk, Peter Jenčík, Víťazoslav Struhár, Radoslav Čambal, Gabriel Fusek, Milan Hanuliak, Branislav Kovár, Hana Chorvátová, András Csuthy, Tomáš Michalík, Peter Milo, and Jozef Moravčík

Hradiská - Svedkovia dávnych čias (Hillforts - Witnesses of Old Times), 2015

Almanac of scientific articles focused on hillforts and fortified settlements in Slovakia.

Zborník SNM - Archeológia, Supplementum 1, Bratislava 2004

Praveké sídlisko v Lozorne - Širokých Dieloch. Zborník SNM Archeológia - Supplementum 7

Die Urgeschichtliche Siedlung in Lozorno-Široké diely (Westslowakei). Grabungen in den Jahren 199... more Die Urgeschichtliche Siedlung in Lozorno-Široké diely (Westslowakei). Grabungen in den Jahren 1999 - 2009.

Late bronze Age and Hallstatt Period by Radoslav Čambal

Zborník Slovenského národného múzea CXVII, Archeológia 33, 2023

Keywords: South Slovakia, Bronze Age, casting mould, spear-shaped pendants. Abstract: Mould for ... more Keywords: South Slovakia, Bronze Age, casting mould, spear-shaped pendants.

Abstract: Mould for casting pendants from Tekovské Lužany. The contribution presents a casting mould made of greywacke sandstone for spear-shaped pendants, found in Tekovské Lužany on the surface of a low plateau. Artifact analysis and regional spread of archeological cultures suggest that the mould was created in the Middle or Late Bronze Age.

Zborník Slovenského Národného Múzea CXIV, Archeológia 30, 2020

The article deals with three as yet unpublished hoards (no. 4–6) found on the acropolis of the fo... more The article deals with three as yet unpublished hoards (no. 4–6) found on the acropolis of the fortified upland settlement in Smolenice-Molpír (Trnava district). The hoards consisted of iron raw material, tools, jewellery and items of clothing, and hoard no. 4 can be interpreted as a craftsman’s hoard on the basis of the presence of tools for processing and working metals. Whereas hoard no. 5 did not contain any item which might allow a more detailed chronological classification, the other two hoards can be dated to the period from the end of Ha C2 to the beginning of Ha D1 on the basis of the bronze fibulae.

A. Kozubová/E. Makarová/M. Neumann (ed.): Ultra Velum Temporis. Venované Jozefovi Bátorovi k 70. narodeninám. Slov. Arch. Supplementum 1, 2020

Keywords: SW Slovakia, Little Carpathians, Hallstatt period, hoard, spiral bracelet, XRF analysis... more Keywords: SW Slovakia, Little Carpathians, Hallstatt period, hoard, spiral bracelet, XRF analysis.

Hoard of Bracelets from the Hallstatt Period from the Záruby Peak in the Little Carpathians. Paper deals with a hoard of three bronze spiral rings passed to the collection of the SNM-Archaeological museum in Bratislava in 2004. They were found on the Záruby, the highest peak and the dominant of the Little Carpathians, in the cadastral district of Buková and Smolenice. The alleged location of the hoard almost on the top of the hill might point to the possibility of its ritual deposition. The spiral bracelets made of bronze wire with decorated ends date to the stage HD.

Ultra Velum Temporis. Slovenská Archeológia Supplementum 1, 2020

Keywords: West Slovakia, Late Bronze Age, hillfort, fortification course, mass finds of bronze, h... more Keywords: West Slovakia, Late Bronze Age, hillfort, fortification course, mass finds of bronze, hoard of gold ornaments.

Pohanská near Plavecké Podhradie. New Information on the Hillfort from the Late Bronze Age. Between 1927 and 1990, the Pohanská hillfort in Plavecké Podhradie was repeatedly surveyed and examined using probes. After 2019, the results of laser scanning provided fundamentally more precise information on the shapes of the terrain and the course of the rampart. As a result of illegal activities, four mass finds were added to the collection: three composed of bronze artefacts and one of gold artefacts. The new finds confirm that the main period of settlement in this site in the Bronze Age was the middle and later Urnfield period, HA2–HB1.

Študijné zvesti, vol. 2019, Supplementum 1, 2019

Keywords: Iron Age, Smolenice-Molpír, equestrian nomads, Scythian arrowheads A script of the equ... more Keywords: Iron Age, Smolenice-Molpír, equestrian nomads, Scythian arrowheads

A script of the equestrian nomads in the 1st millennium BC? Remarks on the so-called Scythian arrowheads with markings between Eastern Alps, Urals and Anatolia Numerous studies are devoted to the distribution, chronology and historical interpretation of the so-called Scythian arrowheads, which are known in the vast area between Central Europe, Eurasia and the Near East. Less well known and researched so far is the occurrence of incised and cast signs that occur on the wings and sometimes the sockets of the two- and threewinged bronze arrowheads. While such signs on finds from the Northern Pontic region and Anatolia have been known for some time, their occurrence on arrowheads from eastern Central Europe, more precisely on arrowheads from the fortified Hallstatt-settlement Smolenice-Molpír, belongs to the more recent discoveries. While initially only a very small number of pieces with incised signs have been discovered and made public, we can now say that their number and their variety are much larger. The finds from Smolenice-Molpír are now among the largest ensembles of arrowheads with incised signs, which are known to date. With a view to comparable finds, the question arises of the interpretation of these signs – is it possibly a sign system that was widespread in the mounted nomadic cultural circle and is to be addressed as writing?

Keywords: Plavecké Podhradie, Pohanská hill fort, late Bronze Age, pair of punches for making dec... more Keywords: Plavecké Podhradie, Pohanská hill fort, late Bronze Age, pair of punches for making decorative patterns

Abstact: Pair of decorated punches from Pohanská near Plavecké Podhradie. The accidentally discovered pair of punches with concentric circular ribbing on its work surface matches a pair of punches from a set of metal-working tools from the late Bronze Age in Génelard, France, and in Murnau, Bavaria. The site of the find is the Pohanská hill fort in the cadastral distrikt of the municipality of Plavecké Podhradie in western Slovakia. In the late Bronze Age, representatives of the Velatice and Podolí cultures settled in this exposed site. Exclusive gold items, which are not, however, present in finds from Slovakia, are ofte decorated with imprints of concentric circular ribbing with a convexity in the middle.

Sedem decénií Petra Romsauera

Western Slowakia, Late Bronze Age, Thraco-Cimmerian horizon, the Gamów type dagger, The Gamów t... more Western Slowakia, Late Bronze Age, Thraco-Cimmerian horizon, the Gamów type dagger,

The Gamów type iron dagger of the Thraco-Cimmerian horizon from Slovakia. Artefacts connected with influences from eastern Europe and the caucasus occur in the territory of Western Slovakia in the Late Bronze Age (HB2-HB3). This is the horizon of the so-called „Cimmerian bronzes“. They appear in burial complexes, depots as well as in form of individual finds. The y are often parts of horses harnesse and most frequently, they are weapons – bimetalic daggers with openwork hilts of the Gamów type. At present, three knives of this type in three different variants are known from Slovakia. First is made of bronze, second of iron and the last is yet unpublished bimetallic dagger with bronze handle and iron blade.

Keywords: West Slowakia, Dolné Vestenice, Late Bronze Age, Thraco-cimmerian horizon, Hoard, Iron ... more Keywords: West Slowakia, Dolné Vestenice, Late Bronze Age, Thraco-cimmerian horizon, Hoard, Iron sword and bimetallic dagger type Gamów, dagger scabbard chape, scabbard suspension ring, analysis of find

Abstract: Iron sword and bimetallic Gamów-type dagger from Dolné Vestenice. In the area of western Slovakia, čems linked to the influences of eastern Europe and the Caucasus appear in the late Bronze Age period. This is the horizon of the so-called “Cimmerian bronzes”. They appear in grave units, deposits as well as in individual finds. They are often parts of horse gear. In the case of weapons, they are edged weapons in the form of daggers with a Gamów type castellated handle, and iron spear points with a perforated shaft. A unique find is the iron, grip-tongue sword, discovered together with a bimetallic Gamów-type dagger and parts of its sheath with a fin-like chape and hanging strap. At present, three daggers of this type are known from the territory of Slovakia, in three different versions (bimetallic with an iron blade and bronze handle, bronze and iron). The dating of these weapons points to the late urnfield cultures of the late Bronze Age (HaB2-HaB3).

Zborník SNM Archeológia, Supplementum 11. Zborník na pamiatku Magdy Pichlerovej.

Geophysical survey of burial mounds in Dunajská Lužná- Nové Košariská. Dunajská Lužná-Nové Košari... more Geophysical survey of burial mounds in Dunajská Lužná- Nové Košariská. Dunajská Lužná-Nové Košariská is one of the most important Hallstatt locations in Central Europe. It is known for its excavated burial mound site of the Calenderberg culture, excavated from 1961 to 1967. In 2014 and 2015, research was carried out using geophysical measurements (magnetometer and ground-penetrating radar). A burial mound shape was excavated, marked as burial
mound V, and control measurements were also carried out on the excavated burial mound VI. !e survey con"rmed that in the case of the shape known as burial mound V, it is truly an arti"cial embankment – probably for a burial mound – with a circumferential ditch.

Zborník SNM 109 Archeológia 25, 2015

Keywords: Southwestern Slovakia, Dunajská Lužná-Nové Košariská, Early Iron Age – Hallstatt, Calen... more Keywords: Southwestern Slovakia, Dunajská Lužná-Nové Košariská, Early Iron Age – Hallstatt, Calenderberg cultures, settlement, weaving workshop, analysis and evaluation of material.

Abstract: Settlement of the Calenderberg culture in Dunajská Lužná-Nové Košariská. Dunajská Lužná-Nové Košariská is one of the most signifcant Hallstatt locations in the Central Danube area. It is well-known forits excavated burial mound site of the Calenderberg culture. In 2002 and 2005, a settlement was found. Six settlement buildings were excavated. One was a manufacturing building containing in situ 168 weaving weights making up two upright looms. Further buildings were typical half-buried houses with a quadratic layout, one settlement ditch and a building made of palisades. An oven for making food was also excavated. The Finds in the settlement include the typical settlement pottery of the Calenderberg culture, as well as pottery influenced by the Basarabi culture. We suppose that the local elite living in this settlement was buried in the well-known burial mound situated approx. 250 metres from the settlement. The settlement is contemporary with the later phase of burial in the tumulus (phase III: burial mound VI and I) which is dated to the middle and later stage of the Calenderberg culture HaC2 – HaD1.

Geoarchaeology and Archaeomineralogy (Eds. R. I. Kostov, B. Gaydarska, M. Gurova). 2008. Proceedings of the International Conference, 29-30 October 2008 Sofia, Publishing House “St. Ivan Rilski”, Sofia 2008.

ABSTRACT. This study presents results of the mineralogical and petrographical analysis of Kalende... more ABSTRACT. This study presents results of the mineralogical and petrographical analysis of Kalenderberg household and burial ceramics from three important localities in Slovakia. The questions of raw material provenance, forming techniques of the vessels and firing ...

Petra P. Pospechová/P. Wittgrúber (ed.): CARNVNTVM GERULATA. Zborník. Germánske osídlenie pri Dunaji v priestore Bratislavskej brány ako širšie hospodárske a sociálne zázemie Carnunta a Gerulaty, Pezinok 2008

Die Besiedlung der Bezirke Bratislava, Senec und Pezinok in Hallstattzeit.

Zborník SNM Archeológia, Supplementum 9. Zborník na pamiatku Jozefa Paulíka. Gedenkschrift für Jozef Paulík.

Keywords: Western Slovakia, Late bronze Age, Hoard, iron kniwes, sickle, lance, sword with T-hand... more Keywords: Western Slovakia, Late bronze Age, Hoard, iron kniwes, sickle, lance, sword with T-handle type Mahaira – variant Basarabi, HaB2 – HaB3, HaC1.
Abstract: Iron Objects from the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age from Čvirigovec. The fortifield site of Čvirigovec near Trenčianske teplice is well-known for excavations from the period of late burial fields. The transition from the late Bronze Age and the early Iron Age is mainly documented by the bronze and iron industry. Iron items are linked to the so-called Kimmer horizon, or the Mezőcsát group (HaB2 – HaB3), witch was involin the foundation of the cultures of the Hallstatt period in the Carpathian Basin. An importand piece of evidence of relations between the Central Danube geographical area with the Basarabi culture in south-western Romania during the period of beginnings of the early Iron Age (HaC1) is the small sword or fighting knife with a T-handle of the „mahaira – Basarabi variant“ type.

Poklady z Malých Karpát. Nálezy z vrchov a nížin. Katalóg výstavy, 2020

Poklady z Malých Karpát. Nálezy z vrchov a nížin. Katalóg výstavy., 2020

SKRYTÉ POKLADY, 2019

Hradiská - Svedkovia dávnych čias (Hillforts - Witnesses of Old Times), 2015

Almanac of scientific articles focused on hillforts and fortified settlements in Slovakia.

Zborník SNM - Archeológia, Supplementum 1, Bratislava 2004

Praveké sídlisko v Lozorne - Širokých Dieloch. Zborník SNM Archeológia - Supplementum 7

Zborník Slovenského národného múzea CXVII, Archeológia 33, 2023

Keywords: South Slovakia, Bronze Age, casting mould, spear-shaped pendants. Abstract: Mould for ... more Keywords: South Slovakia, Bronze Age, casting mould, spear-shaped pendants.

Zborník Slovenského Národného Múzea CXIV, Archeológia 30, 2020

A. Kozubová/E. Makarová/M. Neumann (ed.): Ultra Velum Temporis. Venované Jozefovi Bátorovi k 70. narodeninám. Slov. Arch. Supplementum 1, 2020

Ultra Velum Temporis. Slovenská Archeológia Supplementum 1, 2020

Študijné zvesti, vol. 2019, Supplementum 1, 2019

Keywords: Iron Age, Smolenice-Molpír, equestrian nomads, Scythian arrowheads A script of the equ... more Keywords: Iron Age, Smolenice-Molpír, equestrian nomads, Scythian arrowheads

Sedem decénií Petra Romsauera

Western Slowakia, Late Bronze Age, Thraco-Cimmerian horizon, the Gamów type dagger, The Gamów t... more Western Slowakia, Late Bronze Age, Thraco-Cimmerian horizon, the Gamów type dagger,

Zborník SNM Archeológia, Supplementum 11. Zborník na pamiatku Magdy Pichlerovej.

Zborník SNM 109 Archeológia 25, 2015

Die Besiedlung der Bezirke Bratislava, Senec und Pezinok in Hallstattzeit.

Zborník SNM Archeológia, Supplementum 9. Zborník na pamiatku Jozefa Paulíka. Gedenkschrift für Jozef Paulík.

Zborník SNM 101, Archeológia 17, 2007

P. C. Ramsl/K. Rebay-Salisbury/P. Trebsche (Hrsg.): Schichtengeschichte. Festschrift für Otto H. Urban, Universitätforschungen zur prähistorischen Archäologie, Band 328, Bonn 2019.

Southwest Slovakia, Small Carpathian Mountains, Early La Tčne period, brooches The early La Tè... more Southwest Slovakia, Small Carpathian Mountains, Early La Tčne period, brooches

The early La Tène fortified hillfort on Slepý vrch in Horné Orešany is one of the most significant early La Tène centres in the central Danube area. Typical finds of this area include mask-shaped and zoomorphic brooches, as well as many weapons and craft tools. The site is dated to the developed phase of the early La Tène period LT A2.

Südwestslowakei, Kleine Karpaten, Frühlatènezeit, Fibeln.

Eine Vogelfibel der Frühlatènezeit aus Horné Orešany-Slepý Vrch wird in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt. Die Höhensiedlung auf dem Slepý vrch in Horné Orešany ist eines der bedeutendsten Zentren der Frühlatènezeit im zentralen Donauraum. Typische Funde dieses Gebietes sind maskenförmige und zoomorphe Fibeln sowie viele Waffen und Handwerkzeuge. Die Fundstelle datiert in die entwickelte Phase der Frühlatènezeit LT A2.

Zborník SNM 110 Archeológia 26, 2016

Early La Tène pins from Horné Orešany - Slepý vrch in the collections of the SNM – Museum of Arch... more Early La Tène pins from Horné Orešany - Slepý vrch in the collections of the SNM – Museum of Archaeology in Bratislava.
The early La Tène fortified hill fort on Slepý vrch in Horné Orešany is one of the most significant early La Tène centres in the central Danube area. finds typical of this area, in the form of mask-shaped and zoomorphic pins, as well as many weapons and craft tools, come from here. Unique finds include parts of a fastening system for early La Tène shoes, identical to finds from the prince’s tomb 2 in burial mound I in Glauberg. The site is dated to the developed phase of early La Tene period LTA2.

Zborník SNM 99, Archeológia 15, 2005, 2005

Zborník SNM 106, Archeológia 22, 2012, 2012

An Early La Tène burial ground at Stupava. Excavation in 1929. The burial ground at Stupava in S... more An Early La Tène burial ground at Stupava. Excavation in 1929.
The burial ground at Stupava in South-western Slovakia. Evaluation of an Early La Tène inhumation graveyard excavated in 1929. Inhumation burial rite.Evaluation of wider geographic and cultural relations in the Early La Tène Period in the Middle Danube region, and contacts to the territories of Lower Austria and North-western Hungary. Analysis of grave goods including a sword,a lance, massive iron knives, a bronze armlet and a bronze belt-plaque with human mask. Early La Tène graphite pottery. Stamped pottery with bull horns applied on horn-handled bowls of so-called Braubach type. egraveyard is dated to the Lt A – Lt A2/Lt B1 phases.

J. Šedivý - T. Štefanovičová (eds.): Dejiny Bratislavy 1. Od počiatkov do prelomu 12. a 13. storočia. Brezalauspurc na križovatke kultúr. Slovart, Bratislava 2012. , 2012

Zborník Slovenského národného múzea CXVII, Archeológia 33,, 2023

Keywords: south-west Slovakia, Tvrdošovce, polycultural site, La Tène period, Roman period, settl... more Keywords: south-west Slovakia, Tvrdošovce, polycultural site, La Tène period, Roman period, settlement, non-destructive archaeology, settlement pattern analysis.

Application of non-destructive methods on the Tvrdošovce site (preliminary results). e paper presents the application of non-destructive methods on the Tvrdošovce site. The goal of the paper is to inform about the latest results of a non-destructive survey at the Včelíny site in the village of Tvrdošovce. e case study of this site aims to present a combination of various non-destructive methods such as geophysical survey, LiDAR, aerial, and satellite photos with a subsequent comparison with features that previously underwent a process of archaeological excavation. is polycultural site has primarily the character of a settlement. Based on metal prospection, the largest settlement scope may be dated to the Roman period; based on archaeological excavation, the largest period of the settlement may be the middle La Tène period in LTB2/LTC1 and LTC2. An archaeological excavation was performed on the site from 2017 to 2019. Prior to this, an intense surface prospecting using metal detectors had been carried out on this site since 2015. is prospection showed signi cant Roman, and, to a lesser extent, Bronze Age, Hallstatt, La Tène, and Middle Age settlements. In addition, two geophysical surveys were carried out here in 2017 and 2022. Non-destructive methods are o en considered ine ective in the case of lowland sites. Nevertheless, we will try to present a successful example of a combination of these di erent approaches in the presented article.

Studia Historica Nitriensia 27, Supplementum 3, 2023

Density of population in the Čierna voda river basin with numerous settlement sites and collected... more Density of population in the Čierna voda river basin with numerous settlement sites and collected finds allows us to draw attention to this region, which was not only settled in the Middle and Late La Tène period, but it was also in touch with events in the then "Celtic" world. It is evidenced by e. g. numerous coins, jewels of metal or glass and other chronologically sensitive artifacts.

Zborník SNM 102, Archeológia 18, 2008

Zborník SNM 104, Archeológia 20, 2010

Zborník SNM 100, Archeológia 16, 2006

Zborník SNM 105, Archeológia 21, 2011

Archeologie Barbarů 2010, Olomouc 2011

Zborník SNM 106, Archeológia 22, 2012

Celtic sculpture of a boar from Slovenská Nová Ves. Zoomorphic sculpture of a boar from Slovenská... more Celtic sculpture of a boar from Slovenská Nová Ves. Zoomorphic sculpture of a boar from Slovenská Nová Ves, Trnava Dist. Analogies also occur in the period of flat Celtic graveyards during the Lt B2 – Lt C1 phases. It is zoomorphic and anthropomorphic handles of kantharoid vessels. Kantharos with zoomorphic or anthropomorphic handle can be found in graves of Celtic elites. It is a feature typical of Celtic population of the Carpathian Basin.
According to decoration, the find can be dated to Lt A. Interpreting the sculpture as a kantharos handle indicates the
dating to Lt B2 – Lt C1

Zborník SNM 100, Archeológia 16, 2006

E. Droberjar/B. Komoróczy/D. Vachůtová: Barbarská sídliště. Chronologické, ekonomické a historické aspekty jejich vývoje ve světle nových archeologických výskumů. Archeologie barbarů 2007, Brno 2008

Zborník SNM 107, Archeológia 23, 2013 Bratislava, 2013

The oldest Germanic finds on the territory of Bratislava? The Bratislava Oppidum. Late La Tène se... more The oldest Germanic finds on the territory of Bratislava? The Bratislava Oppidum. Late La Tène settlement
at Vydrica in the Bratislava suburbium. Import of early Germanic A-stage pottery from the territory of the
Großromstedt culture (Plaňany group) or Przeworsk culture in the Late La Tène oppidum environment of the LtD2
phase.

J. Šedivý - T. Štefanovičová (eds.): Dejiny Bratislavy 1. Od počiatkov do prelomu 12. a 13. storočia. Brezalauspurc na križovatke kultúr. Slovart, Bratislava 2012. , 2012

Balázs Komoróczy (ed.): Sociální diferenciace barbarských komunit ve světle nových hrobových, sídlištních a sběrových nálezů (Archeologie barbarů 2011), Brno 2014, 2014

Die Problematik der Töpfe mit kolbenförmig verdicktem Rand aus der ausgehenden Spätlatènezeit im ... more Die Problematik der Töpfe mit kolbenförmig verdicktem Rand aus der ausgehenden Spätlatènezeit im Mitteldonauraum

ZBORNÍK SLOVENSKÉHO NÁRODNÉHO MÚZEA CVII – 2013 ARCHEOLÓGIA 23, 79 - 84, 2013

J. Čižmářová/N.Venclová/G.Březinová (ed.): Moravské křižovatky.Střední Podunají mezi pravěkem a historií. Brno 2014, 2014

South Slovakia, hillfort, middle and late La Tène period The area of southern Slovakia and nor... more South Slovakia, hillfort, middle and late La Tène period

The area of southern Slovakia and northern Hungary belongs to the less archaeologically researched regions. This also concerns the Late Iron Age. Important finds have been made in the area but their classification in the broader cultural and chronological context is still open in spite of the efforts of several researchers. The research became more intensive recently, and the hillfort located near Čebovce belongs to the newly identified sites. The settlement dates from LT C1 to LT C2-D1.

Zborník SNM 108 Archeológia 24, 2014

Middle Slovakia, the Celts, early/older and middle LaTène period, Vogelfibel, glass bracelets, an... more Middle Slovakia, the Celts, early/older and middle LaTène period, Vogelfibel, glass bracelets, analysis of finds

La Téne findings from Tisovec-Hradová, Rimavská Sobota district. According to the information obtained to date, the La Téne settlement of the upland site of Hradová in Tisovec falls into the period ranging from the middle of the La Téne culture LTC1 to the beginning of LTC2. Bearing in mind the small number of findings, we can assume that the settlement was not intensive. We consider an older fastener with a bird’s foot belonging to the LTA2-LTB1 horizon, at the end of the early and more ancient La Téne period, a unique find and not part of a more extensive settlement of the site in the period in question.

Študijné Zvesti AÚ SAV, 2023

Militaria from the Middle/Late L a T ène Period from Plavecké Podhradie-Pohanská In this article... more Militaria from the Middle/Late L a T ène Period from Plavecké Podhradie-Pohanská
In this article, we deal with the evaluation of finds of La Tène militaria – weapons and fighter equipment from the Pohanská hillfort in Plavecké Podhradie, which lies in the Small Carpathians. These objects are found here as part of iron objects hoards. They are mainly the points of lances, spears, as well as swords with scabbards with an “S”-shaped clip. In addition, there are decorative chapes for knife sheathes. An important part of the finds is composed of parts of horse tackle in the form of curb bits and their components, spurs also appear. The La Téne hillfort Pohanská is dated to the period of the end of the middle and the beginning of the late La Tène LTC2 – LTD1a. As well as this site, new finds of weapons have appeared in the Small Carpathians in the form of an extremely long lance from Pezinok and the fragment of a sword from Smolenice-Molpír, where the settlement is contemporary with that of Plavecké Podhradie-Pohanská.

Studia Hercynia XXIV/2, 2020

In this paper, we deal with the evaluation of the finds of decorative iron knife scabbard chapes ... more In this paper, we deal with the evaluation of the finds of decorative iron knife scabbard chapes from the Pohanská fortified hill fort in Plavecké Podhradie (SW Slovakia). The occurrence of this type of chape is documented at the end of the Middle and the beginning of the Late La Tène period in the oppida of Southern Germany, Bohemia, and Moravia. The area of southwestern Slovakia, in particular the Záhorie region, to which the Pohanská site belongs, was an intrinsic part of this area in the La Tène period. Based on accompanying finds, as well as the chronology of the site, we can date these objects to the period of the end of the Middle and the beginning of the Late La Tène periods LT C2-LT D1a.

Keywords: South-east Slovakia, Middle La Tène period, warrior grave, Stamp decorated sword blade.... more Keywords: South-east Slovakia, Middle La Tène period, warrior grave, Stamp decorated sword blade.

Abstract: La Tène „Warrior grave“ with stamp decorated sword blade from Plešivec, Rožňava District. A unique find of artifacts deposited in collections of the Slovak National Museum-Archaeological Museum in Bratislava was discovered in the territory of Plešivec. The items were grave goods from a “warrior” cremation burial from the Middle La Tène period. The find of an iron sword in a tin scabbard is unique. The sword’s blade is decorated by still preserved overal stamping with circular stamps creating a design of fish scales. The collection of artifacts includes a knife, a fibula of a Middle La Tène construction, a spearhead and an iron so-called armour belt decorated with stamping and called Panzerknette. The content of the burial is dated to stage LT C1.

Študijné Zvesti AÚ SAV v Nitre

Weapons findings from L ate L a T éne and Roman P eriod in L ittle Carpathians Mountains. Habitat... more Weapons findings from L ate L a T éne and Roman P eriod in L ittle Carpathians Mountains.
Habitation findings of weaponry. Occurence of weapons in late La Tène Period is very sporadic in the area of south-west Slovakia. There are very occassional or lost findings. Spearheads with facetted socket and middle rib are appearing there. Rarely, blades of celtic swords are appearing as well. These are from the findings from the area of mountain chain Small Carpathia and its forefield. Dating of these weapons falls under the late La Tène Period, LTC2 – LTD2 and Roman Period.

Pravěk NŘ 21, 2013

Central Slovakia, Celts, middle La Tène period, sword A Celtic sword from Málinec supplements ... more Central Slovakia, Celts, middle La Tène period, sword

A Celtic sword from Málinec supplements the finds of militaria from the end of the middle and the beginning of the late La Tène period in the southern part of Central Slovakia. The main elements of the dating of this item are parts of sheet metal sheath. The dating of the sword falls within the level LT C or possibly its later stage, LT C2.

Zborník SNM 102, Archeológia 18, 2008

Jantarová stezka v proměnách času, 2020

Key words: SW Slovakia, middle La Tene period, Celtic coinage, coin die. Abstract: The study of ... more Key words: SW Slovakia, middle La Tene period, Celtic coinage, coin die.

Abstract: The study of Celtic coins, or coinage, from the La Tene period in the Central Danube area has made significant progress in recent years. The massive increase in finds of coins in this geographic area is evidence of this. However, until now, there has been a lack of direct evidence – with minor exceptions – of the minting of Celtic coins in the form of dies in the middle and late La Tene period (LT C1 – LT D2). In this article, we discuss an iron die for small Celtic coins with a horse, probably for a Roseldorf I obol or another local mintage from the LT C1 – LT C2 period.

Auf den Spuren der Barbaren – (Archäologie der Barbaren 2015). Spisy Archeologického ústavu AV ČR Brno 60, 2019

New discoveries of Geto-Dacian coins from Slovakia. The finds that are important and chronologica... more New discoveries of Geto-Dacian coins from Slovakia. The finds that are important and chronologically sensitive for understanding development in the 1st century BC include sets of silver Geto-Dacian coins. The authors of this paper have documented the preserved parts of three hoards and five isolated coins from three different sites in southwestern Slovakia. Analysis and interpretation of these finds indicate that Geto Dacian coins from this territory are not related to the events traditionally associated with Burebista. Instead, it seems that they are evidence of contacts between the Celts – Boii and Dacians during the so-called first wave of Dacian expansion, i.e. contacts between these two ethnic groups at the turn of the 2nd and 1st centuries BC and during the period prior to 70 BC.

FIVE COINS OF THE ROSELDORF/NĚMČICE TYPE FROM AROUND TRNAVA The collection of the Slovak National... more FIVE COINS OF THE ROSELDORF/NĚMČICE TYPE FROM AROUND TRNAVA
The collection of the Slovak National Museum–Museum of Archaeology
in Bratislava contains five small Celtic coins of the Roseldorf/Němčice type. According to information available at the time, they originally came from a “well-known”, but unspecified Celtic hill fort situated somewhere
around Trnava. It is probably a fortification located on the land of the municipality of Kátlovce, which is considered a so-called “Viereck-schanze”. The Celtic obols were incorrectly documented in
specialised literature as the Karlstein type, whereas they are clearly older types, known in publications as Roseldorf/Němčice. The above-mentioned coins were minted at some time from the 1st half of the 2nd century, and their circulation ended in the second half of that century, together with the disappearance of Němčice at the end of LTC2. These coins appear mainly in Moravia, in Austria and findings are becoming more and more frequent in Slovakia, too. This concerns mainly the area of western Slovakia, which at the time belonged chronologically and
territorially to Moravia and the adjacent part of Austria. The above-mentioned coins have also been found in the area of Trnava, which is where the coins we describe come from. Six or seven of such coins were found in the hill fort on Molpír in Smolenice, and a further two examples come from an important centre in Pohanská, which is dated to the 2nd century.

Numizmatika 25, 2015

Dating of the La Tène fortified settlement Pohanská near Plavecké Podhradie on the base of archae... more Dating of the La Tène fortified settlement Pohanská near Plavecké Podhradie on the base of archaeological and numismatic finds

Zborník SNM 103, Archeológia 19, 2009

Slovenská numizmatika 19, 2011

Numismatický sborník 23, 2008

Denarius 3, Bratislava 2013

Pravěk NŘ 21, 2013

South-western Slovakia, 1/8-stater, golden ingot, drachma (Simmering type), Celtic settlements ... more South-western Slovakia, 1/8-stater, golden ingot, drachma (Simmering type), Celtic settlements

A total of 24 coins and one golden ingot were found in Slovenský Grob, a location known for its intensive settlement from archaeological point of view. The aforementioned items are described in this article. The most valuable coins include a 1/8-stater type T, since it is the only specimen to be found in Slovakia to date. Other 22 coins are smaller silver coins, drachmas. Since these coins were minted in the Bratislava oppidum, the discovery of these coins in this location is not a surprise. The last coins is relatively more valuable – a didrachm, Liptovská Mara type, which is more typical for the Púchov culture region. On the other hand, the golden
ingot is a unique item, since it is almost never found on the same spot as coins. Since its weight and quality are very similar to that of the staters, we can assume that it was originally used in lieu of currency.

Pravěk NŘ 21, 2013

SW Slovakia, Bratislava, oppidum, drachms with the inscription NONNOS Approximately between th... more SW Slovakia, Bratislava, oppidum, drachms with the inscription NONNOS

Approximately between the years 70 – 41(40) BC, the Boii minted large silver coins in the Bratislava oppidum, particularly hexadrachms, as well as coins of smaller nominal values – drachms and staters. There are various inscriptions on many of these coins which probably refer to local rulers or prominent elected officials. The most common inscription says NONNOS; it is the only inscription which has so far been identified on all types of Celtic coins found in Bratislava. Therefore, we can assume that this individual enjoyed a very prominent position. The article deals with five recent finds of drachms bearing the inscription NONNOS. All were made in the vicinity of Bratislava since the city as a significant Celtic settlement centre, which is proved by numerous archaeological sources.

Stĺp Marca Aurelia a stredné podunajsko. Collumn of Marcus Aurelius and the Middle Danube Area. Zborník SNM Archeológia, Supplementum 8, 2014

Torques or shackles? Cotini or Germans? To interpretation of ethnic origin of the captives from t... more Torques or shackles? Cotini or Germans? To interpretation of ethnic origin of the captives from the column of Marcus Aurelius, displayed in the scenes LXVIII and LXIX The scenes depicted on the column of Marcus Aurelius are traditionally interpreted as Celtic Cotini being taken captive for betrayal in Marcomannic wars (166-180 A.D.). Their ethnic origin is defined by a twisted object around their necks called neck-ring – torques, a typical Celtic symbol. But there is also a possibility, that the twisted object around their neck is a hinge shackle with twisted arms made of iron, or a rope with a loop of rope, mutually interconnected. This fact would be proved by the whole appearance of the captives, mostly the full beard which is not typical for Celts. For the Celts, smoothly shaved face with a mustache over the upper lip is rather typical. The captives themselves are depicted the same as most of other barbarians, i.e. Germans captives from other scenes on the column. Ethnicity of the four captives can be doubted, that they may not be Celtic Cotini but rather not closely specified Germans captives (Marcomanni, Quadi) or Sarmatians.

Zborník Slovenského národného múzea CXVII, Archeológia 33, 2023

Keywords: Western Slovakia, 13th century, sword, Battle on the Marchfeld, blade inlays, metallogr... more Keywords: Western Slovakia, 13th century, sword, Battle on the Marchfeld, blade inlays, metallography, blacksmith technology, Brotherhood (Hussite warriors).

Abstract: New findings regarding a"medieval sword from Gajary. One-handed sword from the site Posádka near Gajary was found during dam construction at the Morava River and originally was associated with a Hussite fortress from the mid-15th century that protected a ford across the river. The sword was documented using X-ray imaging, the blade to XRF analysis and metallographic analysis. The blade bears two marks – a Calvary cross and a floral motif – of inlaid brass. Metallographic analysis of the blade showed that its makeup was that of a soft core wrapped in a steel coat. The sword production process was experimentally reconstructed. Based on period iconographical sources, the sword is being
dated to the second half of the 13th century. It is likely a relic of the Battle on the Marchfeld, between King Ottokar II of Bohemia and Roman Emperor Rudolph I Habsburg, that took place on August 26 1278.

Zborník SNM CXVI, Archeológia 32, 2022

Abstract: Finds from the Teplica castle. The Teplica castle near the village of Sklené Teplice is one of the less known medieval castles in the central Pohronie region. So far it hasn’t been the subject of thorough archaeological excavations, but we just have some finds from conducted survey. Its origin presumably dates back to 13th or 14th century, although there are no genuine written sources confirming it. The castle was most intensively inhabited notably in the second half of the 15th century, as documented from original sources dating back to that period. Back then it was under the control of the Brotherhood (Hussite warriors) led by Ján Jiskra of Brandýs. It is confirmed also by archaeological and numismatic finds, incl. the late Gothic seal presented in this paper. The castle started to lose its importance at the beginning of the 16th century and it got extinct in the second half of the 16th century.

annales musei nationalis slovaci zborník slovenského národného múzea bratislava 2021 a r c h e o l ó g i a 3 1 ročník cxv zborník slovenského národného múzea annales musei nationalis slovaci ROČNÍK / VOLUME CXV, 2021

Keywords: SW Slovakia, Little Carpathians, Plavecké Podhradie, Plavecký hrad Castle, Pohanská, Mi... more Keywords: SW Slovakia, Little Carpathians, Plavecké Podhradie, Plavecký hrad Castle, Pohanská, Middle Ages, Modern Age, militaria, numismatic finds, analysis of material.

Abstract: Medieval and modern militaria, items of equipment and numismatic Finds from Plavecké Podhradie.
A large set of militaria and numismatic finds in the form of several hoards and solitaire coins come from the sites of castle hill and Pohanská in Plavecké Podhradie. Finds of ammunition mainly consist of arrowheads for bows (13th–14th century) and crossbows (end of the 14th century–16th century), as well as ammunition for firerearms. We have tried to connect the militaria with the horizons of the coin hoards which are related to war events in the site. The analysis of material showed that there are three clear time horizons. The first is the last third of the 13th century (1273–1291), the second horizon is the period of the Hussite wars in the first half of the 15th century (1428–1467) and the last, third horizon is probably related to the period of the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648).

Zborník SNM 104, Archeológia 20, 2010

Zborník SNM 105, Archeológia 21, 2011

Zborník SNM 106, Archeológia 22, 2012

"Settlements of the Bajč-Retz group in Chorvátsky Grob and Biely Kostol. At the eastern foot of t... more "Settlements of the Bajč-Retz group in Chorvátsky Grob and Biely Kostol. At the eastern foot of the Little Carpathians in South-Western Slovakia we can record in the last decade an increase in pottery finds decorated with stab-and-drag ornaments (Bajč-Retz group), which are often found in former floodplain of nearby watercourses. Among them also count a supposed pit house from Chorvátsky Grob including a fragment of a decorated anthropomorphic figure, and several settlement features from Biely Kostol near Trnava including evidence of local copper metallurgy."

Zborník SNM 107, Archeológia 23, 2013

Finds of the Ludanice period from Čataj and Smolenice. During construction works in Čataj and Smo... more Finds of the Ludanice period from Čataj and Smolenice. During construction works in Čataj and Smolenice, West Slovakia, settlement pits from the period of the Ludanice group were discovered, which also contained vessel bottoms with grass mat imprints. One of the mats from Čataj, on which pottery was placed to dry before being fired, was woven from leaves of Tufted Hair-grass (Deschampsia caespitosa).

Slovenská numizmatika XVIII, 2007

Lokalita Podhradie-Vydrica sa nachádza na strategickej polohe, blízko brodu cez Dunaj. Doložili s... more Lokalita Podhradie-Vydrica sa nachádza na strategickej polohe, blízko brodu cez Dunaj. Doložili sme tu rozsiahle osídlenie z neskorej doby laténskej a objavili dôležité nálezy z tohto obdobia (kamenný múr, mince, importy). Podarilo sa identifikovať katastrofický horizont, ktorý môže súvisieť s keltskom-dáckym konfliktom v 2. polovici 1. storočia pred Kr.

Zborník Slovenského národného múzea CXVII, Archeológia 33, 2023

In November 2018, allegedly after loosening a boulder on the slope of the Zámok hill, in the cada... more In November 2018, allegedly after loosening a boulder on the slope of the Zámok hill, in the cadastral territory of the municipality of Málinec (district of Poltár) a Final Bronze Age hoard was found. The hoard consisted of four bronze objects: three socketed axes with a loop of different types and a chape of a sword scabbard. In the site, some sherds were also found, but it is not clear if they belong to the hoard. Apart from typological and topographical analysis of the site, this paper presents data about the elemental composition of the artefacts obtained using the XRF method. The exact circumstances relating to the hoard are not known, but its finding does significantly contribute to general knowledge about settlement and activity carried out by the representatives of the Kyjatice culture in the upper basin of the Ipeľ river.

Zborník SNM CXVI, Archeológia 32, 2022

Keywords: Slovakia, Teplica Castle, Middle Ages, Modern Age, militaria, artisan’s tools, agricult... more Keywords: Slovakia, Teplica Castle, Middle Ages, Modern Age, militaria, artisan’s tools, agricultural tools, tools for everyday life, medieval seal, numismatic finds, material culture. Abstract: Finds from the Teplica castle. The Teplica castle near the village of Sklené Teplice is one of the less known medieval castles in the central Pohronie region. So far it hasn’t been the subject of thorough archaeological excavations, but we just have some finds from conducted survey. Its origin presumably dates back to 13th or 14th century, although there are no genuine written sources confirming it. The castle was most intensively inhabited notably in the second half of the 15th century, as documented from original sources dating back to that period. Back then it was under the control of the Brotherhood (Hussite warriors) led by Ján Jiskra of Brandýs. It is confirmed also by archaeological and numismatic finds, incl. the late Gothic seal presented in this paper. The castle started to lose its importance at the beginning of the 16th century and it got extinct in the second half of the 16th century.

Zborník Slovenského národného múzea 114 - Archeológia 32, 2022

Cremation Burial Ground from the Roman period in Závod. In 2017, in Závod (district of Malacky) d... more Cremation Burial Ground from the Roman period in Závod. In 2017, in Závod (district of Malacky) during forestry works a_destroyed Germanic burial ground dated to the Roman period was found. On the basis of topographicaldata and composition of finds, it is possible, to identify this burial ground with that mentioned by E. Beninger. The numerous imports from Roman provinces, from areas north of the Carpathian mountains and Elbe area region, show intensive multiregional contacts held by the local community. There is an ongoing discussion whether this is a_proof of extensive trade, cultural innfuence or ethnic transfers. The burial ground dates back to a period comprised between the last third of the 1st century and the 4th century.

Zborník Slovenského národného múzea 113 - Archeológia 29, 2019

New funeral finds from the Roman period from Závod (preliminary report). In 2017, a cremation bur... more New funeral finds from the Roman period from Závod (preliminary report). In 2017, a cremation burial place from Roman times was disarticulated in Závod (Malacky district) during the maintenance of a pine forest with earth-moving vehicles; based on geographical data and the composition of the finds, this burial place can most probably be identfied with older finds published by E. Beninger. Development-led excavation on the sites of the find provided evidence of the complete destruction of the burial place. Nevertheless, a number of finds were able to be rescued, showing the presence of imports from the territory of the Roman Empire as well as from other areas of Barbaricum. Finds from the disarticulated graves originate mainly from the 2nd century to the mid-3rd century, with some occasional finds from older, and more recent, periods.

Zborník SNM CXVI, Archeológia 32, 2022

Keywords: western Slovakia, Záhorie, Závod, Roman period, Germanic cremation burial ground, Roman... more Keywords: western Slovakia, Záhorie, Závod, Roman period, Germanic cremation burial ground, Roman imports, Przeworsk culture, Wielbark culture, finds of Elbe area origin, brooches, parts of clothes, toilette equipment, coin, militaria, glass, bronze vessels, pottery, terra sigillata.

Abstract: Cremation Burial Ground from the Roman period in Závod. In 2017, in Závod (district of Malacky) during forestry works a_destroyed Germanic burial ground dated to the Roman period was found. On the basis of topographicaldata and composition of finds, it is possible, to identify this burial ground with that mentioned by E. Beninger. The numerous imports from Roman provinces, from areas north of the Carpathian mountains and Elbe area region, show intensive multiregional contacts held by the local community. There is an ongoing discussion whether this is a_proof of extensive trade, cultural innfuence or ethnic transfers. The burial ground dates back to a period comprised between the last third of the 1st century and the 4th century.

In this paper, we present three exceptional finds of fragmentary Roman military diplomas discover... more In this paper, we present three exceptional finds of fragmentary Roman military diplomas discovered in 2017 during field surweys using metal detector in south-western Slovakia. Two fragments were found within Germanic settlements from the Roman period in Gbely (Skalica district) and in Tvrdošovce (Nové Zámky district); the third one is a stray find from Borský Svätý Jur (Senica district). The Gbely diploma is a copy of a constitution issued between c. 132 and 140 and mentions a new suffect consul, M. Fabius Iulianus Heracleo Optatianus. The Tvrdošovce diploma is the seventh copy of the 21 June 159 constitution of which the recipient was a soldier of the cohort V Callaecorum Lucensium. The third fragment from Borský Svätý Jur can be dated to the first four years of the joint reign of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus (7 March 161 and 9 December 164). The constitutions of all three diplomas were issued to the auxilia of Pannonia Superior and they were probably looted and hacked as raw material by Marcomanni and Quadi during the Germanic-Sarmatian wars of Marcus Aurelius. Roman military diplomas are generally known from the territory of the Roman provinces and only in very exceptional cases from the Barbaricum. Together with an older find from Niederleis (Lower Austria), we are aware of only four pieces from the area of the Central Danubian Germanic Barbaricum.

Zborník SNM CXIII, Archeológia 29, 2019

Keywords: western Slovakia, burial place, finds from disarticulated graves, Roman period Abstrac... more Keywords: western Slovakia, burial place, finds from disarticulated graves, Roman period

Abstract: New funeral finds from the Roman period from Závod (preliminary report). In 2017, a cremation burial place from Roman times was disarticulated in Závod (Malacky district) during the maintenance of a pine forest with earth-moving vehicles; based on geographical data and the composition of the finds, this burial place can most probably be identfied with older finds published by E. Beninger. Development-led excavation on the sites of the find provided evidence of the complete destruction of the burial place. Nevertheless, a number of finds were able to be rescued, showing the presence of imports from the territory of the Roman Empire as well as from other areas of Barbaricum. Finds from the disarticulated graves originate mainly from the 2nd century to the mid-3rd century, with some occasional finds from older, and more recent, periods.