Alberto Nigra | Facoltà teologica dell'Italia Settentrionale (original) (raw)

Books by Alberto Nigra

Research paper thumbnail of Le versioni greche del Simbolo Quicumque. Testo critico e note storico-teologiche

Edizioni dell'Orso (Hellenica 107), 2023

Il Simbolo Quicumque o pseudo-atanasiano costituisce notoriamente un prodotto della cultura latin... more Il Simbolo Quicumque o pseudo-atanasiano costituisce notoriamente un prodotto della cultura latina tardoantica, probabilmente collocabile in area franco-ispanica tra la fine del V e il VII secolo. Attribuito nell’Occidente altomedievale ad Atanasio di Alessandria, esso è stato a più riprese tradotto in greco nel contesto delle controversie sul Filioque, dando luogo a diverse versioni tra loro contrapposte e variamente collocabili tra la fine dell’XI e il XV secolo (CPG 2295). Dopo aver presentato brevemente lo status quaestionis degli studi su questo tema, obiettivo del volume è di fornire un testo critico delle differenti versioni del Simbolo Quicumque ¬– che raggiungono il numero di ben nove, con quasi un centinaio di testimoni manoscritti complessivi – e una loro possibile collocazione cronologica, geografica e teologica. Si cercherà infine di delineare i momenti fondamentali della variegata recezione di questa professione di fede di origine occidentale nel panorama bizantino posteriore allo scisma d’Oriente, tenendo conto delle polemiche teologiche e dei tentativi di unione fra Chiesa latina e greca.

Research paper thumbnail of Il pensiero cristologico-trinitario di Giovanni di Scitopoli. Tra neocalcedonismo e prima recezione del Corpus Dionysiacum

Nerbini International (Studia Ephemeridis Augustinianum 156), 2019

Il presente lavoro di ricerca, che si propone di esaminare il pensiero cristologico e trinitario ... more Il presente lavoro di ricerca, che si propone di esaminare il pensiero cristologico e trinitario di Giovanni di Scitopoli, si è mosso lungo due direttrici: da una parte, lo sviluppo del dogma cristologico fra i concili di Calcedonia del 451 e il Costantinopolitano II del 553, con l’emergere di nuovi spunti nella comprensione teologica del Verbo incarnato, pur in una fondamentale continuità con il quarto concilio ecumenico; dall’altra, l’accoglienza e l’interpretazione nella compagine ecclesiale della prima metà del VI secolo di quel corpus di testi di recente composizione, che con finzione pseudoepigrafica erano stati attribuiti a Dionigi l’Areopagita e che quindi erano stati fatti risalire direttamente all’età apostolica. Ora, Giovanni di Scitopoli si colloca nel punto di intersezione di queste due direttrici, in quanto egli è allo stesso tempo il primo scoliasta del Corpus Dionysiacum e uno dei principali esponenti di quel rinnovamento cristologico comunemente denominato “neocalcedonismo”.

The present research work, which aims to examine John of Scythopolis’s Christological and Trinitarian thought, moved along two directions: on the one hand, the development of the Christological dogma between the Councils of Chalcedon (451) and the Constantinopolitan II (553), with the emergence of new ideas in the theological understanding of the incarnate Word, albeit in a fundamental continuity with the fourth ecumenical council; on the other hand, the acceptance and interpretation in the ecclesial environment of the first half of the sixth century of that corpus of recently composed texts, which had been attributed to Dionysius the Areopagite with pseudo-epigraphic fiction and which therefore had been dated directly to the apostolic age. Now, John of Scythopolis is placed at the intersection of these two directions, since he is at the same time the first scholiast of the Corpus Dionysiacum and one of the main exponents of that christological renewal commonly called "Neo-Chalcedonianism".

Papers by Alberto Nigra

Research paper thumbnail of Il desiderio di "vedere Dio" nelle Homiliae in Evangelia di Gregorio Magno. Dal volto umano di Cristo al vultus praesens Dei come nutrimento degli eletti

I volti di Dio nel cristianesimo antico (secc. I-IX). XLIX Incontro di Studiosi dell'Antichità Cristiana (Roma, 9-11 maggio 2023), 2024

In his Homiliae in Evangelia, Gregory the Great recognises the fundamental human desire to "see G... more In his Homiliae in Evangelia, Gregory the Great recognises the fundamental human desire to "see God" (Deum videre) and at the same time its impossibility with the eyes of the body, all the more so after sin; however, the event of the Incarnation allows us to see the human face of Christ, which can lead to the contemplation of his own divinity. Man's desire to see God's face is thus matched by God's "desire" and "expectation" to draw repentant sinners to himself and to welcome them: despite Gregory's preponderant emphasis on severe divine judgement, there emerges here a progressive accentuation of God's mercy, expressed mostly in a Christological key. Moreover, reworking Augustinian models, Gregory indicates man's eternal beatitude as a "vision of the present face of God" (praesentem Dei vultum cernere), understood as an experience of fullness, which also entails the spiritual nourishment of the elect (Pascua namque electorum sunt vultus praesens Dei).

Research paper thumbnail of I Padri della Chiesa e la «tecnologia»: fra giudizio (krisis) e buon uso (chrêsis)

Archivio Teologico Torinese - Intelligenza artificiale (e dintorni) alla prova di filosofia e teologia, 2024

This contribution intends to provide some methodological insights into the relationship between C... more This contribution intends to provide some methodological insights into the relationship between Christian faith and technology in the contemporary world, starting from the thought and experience of the Church Fathers. In particular, at first we analyse the use of the lexicon of τεχνολογία in the Greek Fathers, and especially in the Cappadocians, where it is mostly applied to the sphere of language and with a negative meaning. In a second phase, however, highlighting the actual use of the rhetorical τέχνη by the same Fathers, it is proposed to read the relationship between faith and “technology” – in both the ancient and analogously modern sense – through the dual hermeneutical key of “judgement” (κρίσις) and “good use” (χρῆσις), which are fundamental in patristic methodology.

Research paper thumbnail of «La dissonanza del digiuno conferma la concordia della fede»: unità e pluralità nella Chiesa nei frammenti dell'Epistola a Vittore di Ireneo

R. Della Rocca (ed.), Et unum genus humanum, in quo perficiuntur mysteria Dei (Ir. haer. 5, 36, 3). Studi su Ireneo di Lione Doctor unitatis, 2023

Among the authentic Greek fragments of the works of Irenaeus of Lyon, two of them are taken from ... more Among the authentic Greek fragments of the works of Irenaeus of Lyon, two of them are taken from his Epistle to Victor and reported by Eusebius of Caesarea within the dossier on Easter question around the last decade of 2nd century. Going beyond the conflict of interpretations aroused by the studies of the last century on this dossier in general and on Irenaeus' intervention in particular, this contribution intends to highlight above all a concise statement by the bishop of Lyon ("The dissonance of fasting confirms the concord of faith"), and then to compare it with some fundamental orientations of Irenaeus' thought in his other works and at the same time to provide a possible interpretation key of the title Doctor unitatis, recently attributed to him by pope Francis.

Research paper thumbnail of Notes sur les interventions de Phocas bar Sergius dans sa traduction des Scholia de Jean de Scythopolis au De divinis nominibus

Le Muséon, 2023

Between the end of the seventh and the beginning of the eighth century, Phocas bar Sergius transl... more Between the end of the seventh and the beginning of the eighth century, Phocas bar Sergius translated into Syriac the Greek Scholia of John of Scythopolis on the Corpus Dionysiacum (532-544/545). This translation is not only essential in order to recognize John’s specific contribution among the Greek commentaries on the writings of the Pseudo-Areopagite, especially when compared to the later additions of Maximus the Confessor and other scholiasts, but it also helps to reveal the numerous interventions of Phocas himself, as was already underlined in 1977-1978 by Strothmann in relation to the marginal notes on De ecclesiastica hierarchia IV. The aim of this article is to analyze some of the interventions of the Syriac translator – omissions, changes, additions – in his version of the Scholia on De divinis nominibus, as it is conserved in the MS Brit. Libr., Add. 12151 (Wright 625). In this way, it will be possible to identify some specific preoccupations of Phocas, including those of a terminological and doctrinal nature.

Research paper thumbnail of L’universale mediazione materna di Maria in Bernardo di Clairvaux, erede della tradizione patristica e modello della pietà medievale e moderna

E. Barale - A. Cicchella - M. Del Savio - C.G. Priolo (edd.), Transitions et Variations mariales, 2023

La pensée mariologique de Bernard de Clairvaux contient au moins un principe théologique fondamen... more La pensée mariologique de Bernard de Clairvaux contient au moins un principe théologique fondamental. À partir du dogme traditionnel de la maternité divine, Bernard présente l’œuvre de médiation universelle de Marie en tant que coopération à la rédemption et dispensation de toutes les grâces. En synthétisant ainsi la tradition patristique, il influence la piété mariale médiévale et moderne ; de ce fait, il est reconnu non seulement comme le Doctor mellifluus, mais aussi comme le Doctor marialis.

Research paper thumbnail of Le radici cristologiche della controversia iconoclasta: da Costantino V a Teodoro Studita

V. Limone - C. Moreschini (edd.), Le immagini sacre e la Chiesa antica. Il secondo concilio di Nicea (787), 2023

The iconoclastic controversy has often been understood as the last phase of the early Church's Ch... more The iconoclastic controversy has often been understood as the last phase of the early Church's Christological disputes. Indeed, beyond the complex - and still debated - reasons for the emergence of iconoclasm within the 8th century Byzantine world, it is undeniable that, especially since Constantine V's Πεύσεις (751-752), the controversy over images is also explicitly placed on a plane of fidelity to the Christological dogma elaborated by the Councils between the 5th and 7th centuries: while already by Constantine V himself and the Council of Hieria (754) those who venerate images are dilemmatically accused of arriving at de facto monophysite or Nestorian positions, the iconophiles themselves respond by defending their own traditional praxis, at first in a more generic manner through simple recourse to the truth of the incarnation, then - at the beginning of the 9th century, during the period of the so-called 'second iconoclasm' - through a greater deepening of their own coherence with Christological orthodoxy, particularly in the Patriarch Nicephorus' (806-815) and Theodore Studite's (815-821) Antirrhetici.

Research paper thumbnail of Il Tomus ad Armenios e altri testimonia di Proclo di Costantinopoli nel VI secolo: un caso di riscrittura della “memoria dogmatica” precalcedonese

La memoria. Forme e finalità del ricordare nel cristianesimo antico, 2023

Proclus of Constantinople was always considered as an undisputed master of orthodoxy. During the ... more Proclus of Constantinople was always considered as an undisputed master of orthodoxy. During the sixth century, his writings – especially his Tomus ad Armenios (435) – were reread in a (neo)Chalcedonian and/or Severan sense, in order to make Proclus closer to one or the other side. It is not just about allusions to his figure or quotations of his writings in opposing florilegia, but also probable interpolations in his texts, pseudoepigraphic attributions and doctrinally oriented expunctions. His pre-Chalcedonian “dogmatic memory” was rewritten on the basis of the new Christological controversies, culminating around the council of Constantinople II, including that concerning the Three Chapters.

Research paper thumbnail of Su alcuni documenti dell’Archivio arcivescovile di Torino riguardanti l’insegnamento della religione nelle scuole fra 1923 e 1984

A. Piola (ed.), La religione a scuola. L’abilitazione degli insegnanti laici nella diocesi di Torino (1923-1984), 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Le interpolazioni cristologiche nella quarta versione greca del Simbolo Quicumque (CPG 2295)

Bollettino della Badia Greca di Grottaferrata, 2022

This article intends to study the Christological interpolations that can be found in the text of ... more This article intends to study the Christological interpolations that can be found in the text of the Greek formula quarta of the pseudo-Athanasian Symbolum Quicumque. In particular, this study has a threefold objective: to show that the so-called textus receptus – as it is printed in Usserius and Migne – is not the primitive text of the formula quarta; to analyze the four Christological interpolations and their probable sources; and to hypothesize the origin of these insertions. In this sense, the reworkings of the primitive text of the formula quarta quote or allude to specific Patristic and Byzantine sources, such as the Expositio rectae fidei by Theodoret of Cyrus (pseudo-Justin), a pseudo-epigraph letter to Peter the Fuller, the Expositio fidei (De fide orthodoxa) by John of Damascus, and the Ad monachos de fide by Nicephorus Blemmydes. Furthermore, the interpolations can be placed between the second half of the 13th and the first decades of the 14th century and might have been inserted by one of the scholars who served under the emperor Andronicus II Palaeologus – perhaps by Joseph Rhakendytès the Philosopher – or by some other anonymous Byzantine compiler. At the same time, the presence of the interpolated texts in the earliest complete witnesses of the horologion Thekaras opens another interesting path for researching the author of these insertions in the formula quarta.

Research paper thumbnail of John of Scythopolis as a Precursor of John Damascene in the Theological Development towards Trinitarian Perichoresis: A Hypothesis

Studia Patristica, 2021

John of Scythopolis, the first scholiast of the Corpus Dionysiacum, played a role in the Christol... more John of Scythopolis, the first scholiast of the Corpus Dionysiacum, played a role in the Christological debates that took place after the Council of Chalcedon in 451 and contributes in an original way to the development of Christological dogma in preparation for the Second Council of Constantinople in 553. Yet, John was not only a Neo-Chalcedonian theologian, but in his Scholia to the Areopagite he also deals with Trinitarian theology. Among his original contributions in commenting on this aspect in Pseudo-Dionysius’s thought, the Scythopolitan interprets the ‘mutual interpenetration’ of Trinitarian hypostases – expressed by such formulations as ἐν ἀλλήλαις / ἐν ἀλλήλοις (DN II, 4; MT III) –, by introducing the verb χωρέω and the substantive χώρησις. Moreover, John connects this ‘mutual interpenetration’, which in the Areopagite is fundamentally ‘static’, with a certain idea of ‘movement’ (δοκεῖ κινεῖσθαι) of the divine nature. In this way, while he uses neither the compound noun περιχώρησις nor the corresponding verb περιχωρέω, and although he does not connect Trinitarian meaning of perichoresis with its Christological use, the Scythopolitan may be considered part of the history of the development of this theological doctrine, which has its roots in the Cappadocians’ Trinitarian thought and its classical demonstration in John Damascene’s writings.

Research paper thumbnail of Note per l'attribuzione a Massimo il Confessore di parte degli Scholia al Corpus Dionysiacum: le cruces identificative in alcuni manoscritti della versione latina di Anastasio Bibliotecario

Augustinianum, 2021

This article intends to provide a further contribution to the attribution of the Greek Scholia on... more This article intends to provide a further contribution to the attribution of the Greek Scholia on the Corpus Dionysiacum by examining the Latin version by Anastasius Bibliothecarius. In particular, some Latin manuscripts have recently been identified, which retain many of the critical signs used by Anastasius in order to mark the scholia dating back to Maximus the Confessor. The collation of these cruces not only allows us to identify the contribution of Maximus as a scholiast of the Corpus Dionysiacum, but also to ascertain further the work of John of Scythopolis and to point out a possible way to research the contribution of other commentators of Pseudo-Dionysius.

Research paper thumbnail of La formula teopaschita dopo Calcedonia e le sue implicazioni soteriologiche

Rassegna di Teologia, 2017

La cosiddetta formula teopaschita, sviluppata fra V e VI secolo come via media di ontologia crist... more La cosiddetta formula teopaschita, sviluppata fra V e VI secolo come via media di ontologia cristologica, contiene in sé alcune implicazioni soteriologiche, legate in particolare al coinvolgimento del Verbo nella sofferenza umana come garanzia dell'efficacia divina della salvezza e al presupposto dell'impassibilità della natura divina, riletto alla luce della nozione biblica della fedeltà di Dio.
The so-called Theopaschite Formula, developed in the 5 th and 6 th centuries as a via media in Christological ontology, contains in itself certain soterio-logical implications. In particular, it asserts the involvement of the Word in human suffering as a safeguard both of God's work in salvation as well as the impassibility of the divine nature, all in light of the biblical notion of God's faithfulness.

Research paper thumbnail of Su tre scholia teopaschiti di Giovanni di Scitopoli al De divinis nominibus

Augustinianum, 2016

John of Scythopolis, the first scholiast of the Corpus Dionysiacum, played a role in the debates ... more John of Scythopolis, the first scholiast of the Corpus Dionysiacum, played a role in the debates that took place after the Council of Chalcedon in 451 and contributes in an original way to the development of Christological dogma in preparation for the Council of Constantinople II in 553. In particular, he uses the theopaschite formula both in its so-called "Alexandrian" version as well as in that attributed to the Scythian monks. Several instances of the formula occur in three of his Scholia on Dionysius' De divinis nominibus and show both his concentration upon the hypostasis of the Word as well as his identification of Christ with the Logos. In this way, he looks for a new via media within Christological doctrine that truly can be called "Neo-chalcedonian."

Books in collaboration by Alberto Nigra

Research paper thumbnail of Giussani e i Padri della Chiesa. Una tradizione vivente

Giussani e i Padri della Chiesa. Una tradizione vivente, 2023

In questo volume, dodici studiosi del cristianesimo antico presentano e indagano i Padri della Ch... more In questo volume, dodici studiosi del cristianesimo antico presentano e indagano i Padri della Chiesa a cui Giussani si rifà con maggiore frequenza nel corso della sua ampia opera. Guidati dalle riflessioni e dalle intuizioni del fondatore di Comunione e Liberazione, viene offerta anche ai più inesperti una prima e basilare introduzione ai Padri della Chiesa. Si avrà così un’occasione per riscoprire le radici della fede cristiana, di cui Giussani rappresenta un testimone vivo, perché dei Padri ha voluto essere ed è stato autenticamente figlio.

Research paper thumbnail of Bollettino della Badia Greca di Grottaferrata - BBGG 19 (2022)

(Roma) fondato nel 1926. Con la II serie (1947-2003) diviene una rivista internazionale rivolta a... more (Roma) fondato nel 1926. Con la II serie (1947-2003) diviene una rivista internazionale rivolta allo studio della cultura religiosa dell'Italia meridionale bizantina e postbizantina. Con la III serie (2004-) estende l'interesse al monachesimo, alla storia, alla liturgia, all'arte e alla spiritualità delle Chiese ortodosse, anche dell'Europa centro-orientale.

Conference Presentations by Alberto Nigra

Research paper thumbnail of An Early Latin Reception of the Council of Ephesus (431) in Gaul: Reconsidering Vincent of Lérins' Christology in His Commonitorium and Excerpta

The Reception of the Councils of Ephesus and Chalcedon in Latin Christology after Augustine – Nineteenth International Conference on Patristic Studies – Oxford, 5th-9th August, 2024

Among the earliest testimonies to a reception of the Council of Ephesus in 431, Vincent of Lérins... more Among the earliest testimonies to a reception of the Council of Ephesus in 431, Vincent of Lérins plays a significant role in fifth-century Latin Christology after Augustine. It is true that Vincent is remembered on a theological level above all for his thinking concerning the ecclesiastical tradition and the development of dogma; and it is true that Hipponate's own fame risks overshadowing other fifth-century Latin authors. However, the specific contribution of the monk of Lérins in the field of Christology deserves to be investigated, having as a key to understanding precisely his reception of the Council of Ephesus, not only as a confirmation of his own principle of ecclesiastical tradition, but also as a source of his theological thought, in dialogue with previous Latin Christological authors. At least three focal points at the Christological level are identified in this contribution, through the recurrence of specific key expressions. We will start from the unity of Christ, expressed by Vincent through the Augustinian expression una persona-or unitas personae-and his own more typical locution unus idemque Christus, which takes up the Greek unitive tradition that comes to Ephesus thanks to Cyril, but also Gregory of Nazianzus, arriving at a clear anti-Nestorian option. We will then move on to the consideration of the duplicity of substances, in which the monk of Lérins confirms the fundamentally diphysite approach of previous Latin tradition through the two phrases consubstantialis Patri consubstantialis matri and perfectus Deus perfectus homo, both of which also have roots that connect with an anti-Apollinarian Greek substratum. Finally, we will conclude with the theme of communicatio idiomatum, declined in the context of Theopaschism and especially of Mary's divine motherhood, which leads to the affirmation of the Marian title of Theotocos and to an original Christological proposal by Vincent.

Research paper thumbnail of "O Trinità soprasostanziale e sopradivina e soprabuona" (MT I, 1): tracce di "apofatismo trinitario" nel Corpus Dionysiacum

L INCONTRO DI STUDIOSI DELL'ANTICHITÀ CRISTIANA - PAROLE PER DIRE DIO. IL LINGUAGGIO TEOLOGICO NELL'ANTICHITÀ CRISTIANA, 2024

In the Corpus Dionysiacum, the cataphatic and apophatic methods coexist: in speaking of God, albe... more In the Corpus Dionysiacum, the cataphatic and apophatic methods coexist: in speaking of God, albeit in language that is often original or taken from late Neo-Platonism (Proclus, Damascius), the Pseudo-Areopagite sometimes recalls ways of expressing himself that are now consolidated in Christian Trinitarian theology, and at other times seems to recognise an unspeakable One beyond the Trinity itself. In the conflict of interpretations regarding the general intent pursued by its author, an attempt will be made to develop the hypothesis of an identification between the One and the Trinity in the Corpus Dionysiacum. In this sense, certain traces will be emphasised that suggest an insurmountable reference by the Areopagite to Trinitarian terminology, alongside an albeit constant 'prevalence of the One' in his theological language.

Research paper thumbnail of Christ Divinising and Divinised: Christological Roots of Divinisation (θέωσις) in Gregory of Nazianzus

Theōsis. Divinisation in Gregory of Nazianzus, 2024

The concept of divinisation (θέωσις) in Gregory of Nazianzus is certainly rooted in his Christolo... more The concept of divinisation (θέωσις) in Gregory of Nazianzus is certainly rooted in his Christology. Indeed, for him not only does the incarnation constitute the cause and the “measure” of divinisation of man, which in turn is configured as the very purpose of the assumption of humanity by the divine Logos; but also, Christ’s humanity itself – including his body – is divinised and can thus contribute to the divinisation of man. In this sense, the man divinised through baptism can “imitate” Christ, or even “identify” with him. The aim of this contribution is to examine the Christological roots of divinisation of man in Gregory of Nazianzus and to provide some keys to understanding this theme, also in connection with the main concerns of his Christology.

Research paper thumbnail of Le versioni greche del Simbolo Quicumque. Testo critico e note storico-teologiche

Edizioni dell'Orso (Hellenica 107), 2023

Il Simbolo Quicumque o pseudo-atanasiano costituisce notoriamente un prodotto della cultura latin... more Il Simbolo Quicumque o pseudo-atanasiano costituisce notoriamente un prodotto della cultura latina tardoantica, probabilmente collocabile in area franco-ispanica tra la fine del V e il VII secolo. Attribuito nell’Occidente altomedievale ad Atanasio di Alessandria, esso è stato a più riprese tradotto in greco nel contesto delle controversie sul Filioque, dando luogo a diverse versioni tra loro contrapposte e variamente collocabili tra la fine dell’XI e il XV secolo (CPG 2295). Dopo aver presentato brevemente lo status quaestionis degli studi su questo tema, obiettivo del volume è di fornire un testo critico delle differenti versioni del Simbolo Quicumque ¬– che raggiungono il numero di ben nove, con quasi un centinaio di testimoni manoscritti complessivi – e una loro possibile collocazione cronologica, geografica e teologica. Si cercherà infine di delineare i momenti fondamentali della variegata recezione di questa professione di fede di origine occidentale nel panorama bizantino posteriore allo scisma d’Oriente, tenendo conto delle polemiche teologiche e dei tentativi di unione fra Chiesa latina e greca.

Research paper thumbnail of Il pensiero cristologico-trinitario di Giovanni di Scitopoli. Tra neocalcedonismo e prima recezione del Corpus Dionysiacum

Nerbini International (Studia Ephemeridis Augustinianum 156), 2019

Il presente lavoro di ricerca, che si propone di esaminare il pensiero cristologico e trinitario ... more Il presente lavoro di ricerca, che si propone di esaminare il pensiero cristologico e trinitario di Giovanni di Scitopoli, si è mosso lungo due direttrici: da una parte, lo sviluppo del dogma cristologico fra i concili di Calcedonia del 451 e il Costantinopolitano II del 553, con l’emergere di nuovi spunti nella comprensione teologica del Verbo incarnato, pur in una fondamentale continuità con il quarto concilio ecumenico; dall’altra, l’accoglienza e l’interpretazione nella compagine ecclesiale della prima metà del VI secolo di quel corpus di testi di recente composizione, che con finzione pseudoepigrafica erano stati attribuiti a Dionigi l’Areopagita e che quindi erano stati fatti risalire direttamente all’età apostolica. Ora, Giovanni di Scitopoli si colloca nel punto di intersezione di queste due direttrici, in quanto egli è allo stesso tempo il primo scoliasta del Corpus Dionysiacum e uno dei principali esponenti di quel rinnovamento cristologico comunemente denominato “neocalcedonismo”.

The present research work, which aims to examine John of Scythopolis’s Christological and Trinitarian thought, moved along two directions: on the one hand, the development of the Christological dogma between the Councils of Chalcedon (451) and the Constantinopolitan II (553), with the emergence of new ideas in the theological understanding of the incarnate Word, albeit in a fundamental continuity with the fourth ecumenical council; on the other hand, the acceptance and interpretation in the ecclesial environment of the first half of the sixth century of that corpus of recently composed texts, which had been attributed to Dionysius the Areopagite with pseudo-epigraphic fiction and which therefore had been dated directly to the apostolic age. Now, John of Scythopolis is placed at the intersection of these two directions, since he is at the same time the first scholiast of the Corpus Dionysiacum and one of the main exponents of that christological renewal commonly called "Neo-Chalcedonianism".

Research paper thumbnail of Il desiderio di "vedere Dio" nelle Homiliae in Evangelia di Gregorio Magno. Dal volto umano di Cristo al vultus praesens Dei come nutrimento degli eletti

I volti di Dio nel cristianesimo antico (secc. I-IX). XLIX Incontro di Studiosi dell'Antichità Cristiana (Roma, 9-11 maggio 2023), 2024

In his Homiliae in Evangelia, Gregory the Great recognises the fundamental human desire to "see G... more In his Homiliae in Evangelia, Gregory the Great recognises the fundamental human desire to "see God" (Deum videre) and at the same time its impossibility with the eyes of the body, all the more so after sin; however, the event of the Incarnation allows us to see the human face of Christ, which can lead to the contemplation of his own divinity. Man's desire to see God's face is thus matched by God's "desire" and "expectation" to draw repentant sinners to himself and to welcome them: despite Gregory's preponderant emphasis on severe divine judgement, there emerges here a progressive accentuation of God's mercy, expressed mostly in a Christological key. Moreover, reworking Augustinian models, Gregory indicates man's eternal beatitude as a "vision of the present face of God" (praesentem Dei vultum cernere), understood as an experience of fullness, which also entails the spiritual nourishment of the elect (Pascua namque electorum sunt vultus praesens Dei).

Research paper thumbnail of I Padri della Chiesa e la «tecnologia»: fra giudizio (krisis) e buon uso (chrêsis)

Archivio Teologico Torinese - Intelligenza artificiale (e dintorni) alla prova di filosofia e teologia, 2024

This contribution intends to provide some methodological insights into the relationship between C... more This contribution intends to provide some methodological insights into the relationship between Christian faith and technology in the contemporary world, starting from the thought and experience of the Church Fathers. In particular, at first we analyse the use of the lexicon of τεχνολογία in the Greek Fathers, and especially in the Cappadocians, where it is mostly applied to the sphere of language and with a negative meaning. In a second phase, however, highlighting the actual use of the rhetorical τέχνη by the same Fathers, it is proposed to read the relationship between faith and “technology” – in both the ancient and analogously modern sense – through the dual hermeneutical key of “judgement” (κρίσις) and “good use” (χρῆσις), which are fundamental in patristic methodology.

Research paper thumbnail of «La dissonanza del digiuno conferma la concordia della fede»: unità e pluralità nella Chiesa nei frammenti dell'Epistola a Vittore di Ireneo

R. Della Rocca (ed.), Et unum genus humanum, in quo perficiuntur mysteria Dei (Ir. haer. 5, 36, 3). Studi su Ireneo di Lione Doctor unitatis, 2023

Among the authentic Greek fragments of the works of Irenaeus of Lyon, two of them are taken from ... more Among the authentic Greek fragments of the works of Irenaeus of Lyon, two of them are taken from his Epistle to Victor and reported by Eusebius of Caesarea within the dossier on Easter question around the last decade of 2nd century. Going beyond the conflict of interpretations aroused by the studies of the last century on this dossier in general and on Irenaeus' intervention in particular, this contribution intends to highlight above all a concise statement by the bishop of Lyon ("The dissonance of fasting confirms the concord of faith"), and then to compare it with some fundamental orientations of Irenaeus' thought in his other works and at the same time to provide a possible interpretation key of the title Doctor unitatis, recently attributed to him by pope Francis.

Research paper thumbnail of Notes sur les interventions de Phocas bar Sergius dans sa traduction des Scholia de Jean de Scythopolis au De divinis nominibus

Le Muséon, 2023

Between the end of the seventh and the beginning of the eighth century, Phocas bar Sergius transl... more Between the end of the seventh and the beginning of the eighth century, Phocas bar Sergius translated into Syriac the Greek Scholia of John of Scythopolis on the Corpus Dionysiacum (532-544/545). This translation is not only essential in order to recognize John’s specific contribution among the Greek commentaries on the writings of the Pseudo-Areopagite, especially when compared to the later additions of Maximus the Confessor and other scholiasts, but it also helps to reveal the numerous interventions of Phocas himself, as was already underlined in 1977-1978 by Strothmann in relation to the marginal notes on De ecclesiastica hierarchia IV. The aim of this article is to analyze some of the interventions of the Syriac translator – omissions, changes, additions – in his version of the Scholia on De divinis nominibus, as it is conserved in the MS Brit. Libr., Add. 12151 (Wright 625). In this way, it will be possible to identify some specific preoccupations of Phocas, including those of a terminological and doctrinal nature.

Research paper thumbnail of L’universale mediazione materna di Maria in Bernardo di Clairvaux, erede della tradizione patristica e modello della pietà medievale e moderna

E. Barale - A. Cicchella - M. Del Savio - C.G. Priolo (edd.), Transitions et Variations mariales, 2023

La pensée mariologique de Bernard de Clairvaux contient au moins un principe théologique fondamen... more La pensée mariologique de Bernard de Clairvaux contient au moins un principe théologique fondamental. À partir du dogme traditionnel de la maternité divine, Bernard présente l’œuvre de médiation universelle de Marie en tant que coopération à la rédemption et dispensation de toutes les grâces. En synthétisant ainsi la tradition patristique, il influence la piété mariale médiévale et moderne ; de ce fait, il est reconnu non seulement comme le Doctor mellifluus, mais aussi comme le Doctor marialis.

Research paper thumbnail of Le radici cristologiche della controversia iconoclasta: da Costantino V a Teodoro Studita

V. Limone - C. Moreschini (edd.), Le immagini sacre e la Chiesa antica. Il secondo concilio di Nicea (787), 2023

The iconoclastic controversy has often been understood as the last phase of the early Church's Ch... more The iconoclastic controversy has often been understood as the last phase of the early Church's Christological disputes. Indeed, beyond the complex - and still debated - reasons for the emergence of iconoclasm within the 8th century Byzantine world, it is undeniable that, especially since Constantine V's Πεύσεις (751-752), the controversy over images is also explicitly placed on a plane of fidelity to the Christological dogma elaborated by the Councils between the 5th and 7th centuries: while already by Constantine V himself and the Council of Hieria (754) those who venerate images are dilemmatically accused of arriving at de facto monophysite or Nestorian positions, the iconophiles themselves respond by defending their own traditional praxis, at first in a more generic manner through simple recourse to the truth of the incarnation, then - at the beginning of the 9th century, during the period of the so-called 'second iconoclasm' - through a greater deepening of their own coherence with Christological orthodoxy, particularly in the Patriarch Nicephorus' (806-815) and Theodore Studite's (815-821) Antirrhetici.

Research paper thumbnail of Il Tomus ad Armenios e altri testimonia di Proclo di Costantinopoli nel VI secolo: un caso di riscrittura della “memoria dogmatica” precalcedonese

La memoria. Forme e finalità del ricordare nel cristianesimo antico, 2023

Proclus of Constantinople was always considered as an undisputed master of orthodoxy. During the ... more Proclus of Constantinople was always considered as an undisputed master of orthodoxy. During the sixth century, his writings – especially his Tomus ad Armenios (435) – were reread in a (neo)Chalcedonian and/or Severan sense, in order to make Proclus closer to one or the other side. It is not just about allusions to his figure or quotations of his writings in opposing florilegia, but also probable interpolations in his texts, pseudoepigraphic attributions and doctrinally oriented expunctions. His pre-Chalcedonian “dogmatic memory” was rewritten on the basis of the new Christological controversies, culminating around the council of Constantinople II, including that concerning the Three Chapters.

Research paper thumbnail of Su alcuni documenti dell’Archivio arcivescovile di Torino riguardanti l’insegnamento della religione nelle scuole fra 1923 e 1984

A. Piola (ed.), La religione a scuola. L’abilitazione degli insegnanti laici nella diocesi di Torino (1923-1984), 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Le interpolazioni cristologiche nella quarta versione greca del Simbolo Quicumque (CPG 2295)

Bollettino della Badia Greca di Grottaferrata, 2022

This article intends to study the Christological interpolations that can be found in the text of ... more This article intends to study the Christological interpolations that can be found in the text of the Greek formula quarta of the pseudo-Athanasian Symbolum Quicumque. In particular, this study has a threefold objective: to show that the so-called textus receptus – as it is printed in Usserius and Migne – is not the primitive text of the formula quarta; to analyze the four Christological interpolations and their probable sources; and to hypothesize the origin of these insertions. In this sense, the reworkings of the primitive text of the formula quarta quote or allude to specific Patristic and Byzantine sources, such as the Expositio rectae fidei by Theodoret of Cyrus (pseudo-Justin), a pseudo-epigraph letter to Peter the Fuller, the Expositio fidei (De fide orthodoxa) by John of Damascus, and the Ad monachos de fide by Nicephorus Blemmydes. Furthermore, the interpolations can be placed between the second half of the 13th and the first decades of the 14th century and might have been inserted by one of the scholars who served under the emperor Andronicus II Palaeologus – perhaps by Joseph Rhakendytès the Philosopher – or by some other anonymous Byzantine compiler. At the same time, the presence of the interpolated texts in the earliest complete witnesses of the horologion Thekaras opens another interesting path for researching the author of these insertions in the formula quarta.

Research paper thumbnail of John of Scythopolis as a Precursor of John Damascene in the Theological Development towards Trinitarian Perichoresis: A Hypothesis

Studia Patristica, 2021

John of Scythopolis, the first scholiast of the Corpus Dionysiacum, played a role in the Christol... more John of Scythopolis, the first scholiast of the Corpus Dionysiacum, played a role in the Christological debates that took place after the Council of Chalcedon in 451 and contributes in an original way to the development of Christological dogma in preparation for the Second Council of Constantinople in 553. Yet, John was not only a Neo-Chalcedonian theologian, but in his Scholia to the Areopagite he also deals with Trinitarian theology. Among his original contributions in commenting on this aspect in Pseudo-Dionysius’s thought, the Scythopolitan interprets the ‘mutual interpenetration’ of Trinitarian hypostases – expressed by such formulations as ἐν ἀλλήλαις / ἐν ἀλλήλοις (DN II, 4; MT III) –, by introducing the verb χωρέω and the substantive χώρησις. Moreover, John connects this ‘mutual interpenetration’, which in the Areopagite is fundamentally ‘static’, with a certain idea of ‘movement’ (δοκεῖ κινεῖσθαι) of the divine nature. In this way, while he uses neither the compound noun περιχώρησις nor the corresponding verb περιχωρέω, and although he does not connect Trinitarian meaning of perichoresis with its Christological use, the Scythopolitan may be considered part of the history of the development of this theological doctrine, which has its roots in the Cappadocians’ Trinitarian thought and its classical demonstration in John Damascene’s writings.

Research paper thumbnail of Note per l'attribuzione a Massimo il Confessore di parte degli Scholia al Corpus Dionysiacum: le cruces identificative in alcuni manoscritti della versione latina di Anastasio Bibliotecario

Augustinianum, 2021

This article intends to provide a further contribution to the attribution of the Greek Scholia on... more This article intends to provide a further contribution to the attribution of the Greek Scholia on the Corpus Dionysiacum by examining the Latin version by Anastasius Bibliothecarius. In particular, some Latin manuscripts have recently been identified, which retain many of the critical signs used by Anastasius in order to mark the scholia dating back to Maximus the Confessor. The collation of these cruces not only allows us to identify the contribution of Maximus as a scholiast of the Corpus Dionysiacum, but also to ascertain further the work of John of Scythopolis and to point out a possible way to research the contribution of other commentators of Pseudo-Dionysius.

Research paper thumbnail of La formula teopaschita dopo Calcedonia e le sue implicazioni soteriologiche

Rassegna di Teologia, 2017

La cosiddetta formula teopaschita, sviluppata fra V e VI secolo come via media di ontologia crist... more La cosiddetta formula teopaschita, sviluppata fra V e VI secolo come via media di ontologia cristologica, contiene in sé alcune implicazioni soteriologiche, legate in particolare al coinvolgimento del Verbo nella sofferenza umana come garanzia dell'efficacia divina della salvezza e al presupposto dell'impassibilità della natura divina, riletto alla luce della nozione biblica della fedeltà di Dio.
The so-called Theopaschite Formula, developed in the 5 th and 6 th centuries as a via media in Christological ontology, contains in itself certain soterio-logical implications. In particular, it asserts the involvement of the Word in human suffering as a safeguard both of God's work in salvation as well as the impassibility of the divine nature, all in light of the biblical notion of God's faithfulness.

Research paper thumbnail of Su tre scholia teopaschiti di Giovanni di Scitopoli al De divinis nominibus

Augustinianum, 2016

John of Scythopolis, the first scholiast of the Corpus Dionysiacum, played a role in the debates ... more John of Scythopolis, the first scholiast of the Corpus Dionysiacum, played a role in the debates that took place after the Council of Chalcedon in 451 and contributes in an original way to the development of Christological dogma in preparation for the Council of Constantinople II in 553. In particular, he uses the theopaschite formula both in its so-called "Alexandrian" version as well as in that attributed to the Scythian monks. Several instances of the formula occur in three of his Scholia on Dionysius' De divinis nominibus and show both his concentration upon the hypostasis of the Word as well as his identification of Christ with the Logos. In this way, he looks for a new via media within Christological doctrine that truly can be called "Neo-chalcedonian."

Research paper thumbnail of Giussani e i Padri della Chiesa. Una tradizione vivente

Giussani e i Padri della Chiesa. Una tradizione vivente, 2023

In questo volume, dodici studiosi del cristianesimo antico presentano e indagano i Padri della Ch... more In questo volume, dodici studiosi del cristianesimo antico presentano e indagano i Padri della Chiesa a cui Giussani si rifà con maggiore frequenza nel corso della sua ampia opera. Guidati dalle riflessioni e dalle intuizioni del fondatore di Comunione e Liberazione, viene offerta anche ai più inesperti una prima e basilare introduzione ai Padri della Chiesa. Si avrà così un’occasione per riscoprire le radici della fede cristiana, di cui Giussani rappresenta un testimone vivo, perché dei Padri ha voluto essere ed è stato autenticamente figlio.

Research paper thumbnail of Bollettino della Badia Greca di Grottaferrata - BBGG 19 (2022)

(Roma) fondato nel 1926. Con la II serie (1947-2003) diviene una rivista internazionale rivolta a... more (Roma) fondato nel 1926. Con la II serie (1947-2003) diviene una rivista internazionale rivolta allo studio della cultura religiosa dell'Italia meridionale bizantina e postbizantina. Con la III serie (2004-) estende l'interesse al monachesimo, alla storia, alla liturgia, all'arte e alla spiritualità delle Chiese ortodosse, anche dell'Europa centro-orientale.

Research paper thumbnail of An Early Latin Reception of the Council of Ephesus (431) in Gaul: Reconsidering Vincent of Lérins' Christology in His Commonitorium and Excerpta

The Reception of the Councils of Ephesus and Chalcedon in Latin Christology after Augustine – Nineteenth International Conference on Patristic Studies – Oxford, 5th-9th August, 2024

Among the earliest testimonies to a reception of the Council of Ephesus in 431, Vincent of Lérins... more Among the earliest testimonies to a reception of the Council of Ephesus in 431, Vincent of Lérins plays a significant role in fifth-century Latin Christology after Augustine. It is true that Vincent is remembered on a theological level above all for his thinking concerning the ecclesiastical tradition and the development of dogma; and it is true that Hipponate's own fame risks overshadowing other fifth-century Latin authors. However, the specific contribution of the monk of Lérins in the field of Christology deserves to be investigated, having as a key to understanding precisely his reception of the Council of Ephesus, not only as a confirmation of his own principle of ecclesiastical tradition, but also as a source of his theological thought, in dialogue with previous Latin Christological authors. At least three focal points at the Christological level are identified in this contribution, through the recurrence of specific key expressions. We will start from the unity of Christ, expressed by Vincent through the Augustinian expression una persona-or unitas personae-and his own more typical locution unus idemque Christus, which takes up the Greek unitive tradition that comes to Ephesus thanks to Cyril, but also Gregory of Nazianzus, arriving at a clear anti-Nestorian option. We will then move on to the consideration of the duplicity of substances, in which the monk of Lérins confirms the fundamentally diphysite approach of previous Latin tradition through the two phrases consubstantialis Patri consubstantialis matri and perfectus Deus perfectus homo, both of which also have roots that connect with an anti-Apollinarian Greek substratum. Finally, we will conclude with the theme of communicatio idiomatum, declined in the context of Theopaschism and especially of Mary's divine motherhood, which leads to the affirmation of the Marian title of Theotocos and to an original Christological proposal by Vincent.

Research paper thumbnail of "O Trinità soprasostanziale e sopradivina e soprabuona" (MT I, 1): tracce di "apofatismo trinitario" nel Corpus Dionysiacum

L INCONTRO DI STUDIOSI DELL'ANTICHITÀ CRISTIANA - PAROLE PER DIRE DIO. IL LINGUAGGIO TEOLOGICO NELL'ANTICHITÀ CRISTIANA, 2024

In the Corpus Dionysiacum, the cataphatic and apophatic methods coexist: in speaking of God, albe... more In the Corpus Dionysiacum, the cataphatic and apophatic methods coexist: in speaking of God, albeit in language that is often original or taken from late Neo-Platonism (Proclus, Damascius), the Pseudo-Areopagite sometimes recalls ways of expressing himself that are now consolidated in Christian Trinitarian theology, and at other times seems to recognise an unspeakable One beyond the Trinity itself. In the conflict of interpretations regarding the general intent pursued by its author, an attempt will be made to develop the hypothesis of an identification between the One and the Trinity in the Corpus Dionysiacum. In this sense, certain traces will be emphasised that suggest an insurmountable reference by the Areopagite to Trinitarian terminology, alongside an albeit constant 'prevalence of the One' in his theological language.

Research paper thumbnail of Christ Divinising and Divinised: Christological Roots of Divinisation (θέωσις) in Gregory of Nazianzus

Theōsis. Divinisation in Gregory of Nazianzus, 2024

The concept of divinisation (θέωσις) in Gregory of Nazianzus is certainly rooted in his Christolo... more The concept of divinisation (θέωσις) in Gregory of Nazianzus is certainly rooted in his Christology. Indeed, for him not only does the incarnation constitute the cause and the “measure” of divinisation of man, which in turn is configured as the very purpose of the assumption of humanity by the divine Logos; but also, Christ’s humanity itself – including his body – is divinised and can thus contribute to the divinisation of man. In this sense, the man divinised through baptism can “imitate” Christ, or even “identify” with him. The aim of this contribution is to examine the Christological roots of divinisation of man in Gregory of Nazianzus and to provide some keys to understanding this theme, also in connection with the main concerns of his Christology.

Research paper thumbnail of Il desiderio di "vedere Dio" nelle Homiliae in Evangelia di Gregorio Magno: dal volto umano di Cristo al vultus praesens Dei come nutrimento degli eletti

XLIX INCONTRO DI STUDIOSI DELL'ANTICHITÀ CRISTIANA - I VOLTI DI DIO NEL CRISTIANESIMO ANTICO (secc. I-IX), 2023

In his Homiliae in Evangelia, Gregory the Great recognises the fundamental human desire to "see G... more In his Homiliae in Evangelia, Gregory the Great recognises the fundamental human desire to "see God" (Deum videre) and at the same time its impossibility with the eyes of the body, all the more so after sin; however, the event of the Incarnation allows us to see the human face of Christ, which can lead to the contemplation of his own divinity. Man's desire to see God's face is thus matched by God's "desire" and "expectation" to draw repentant sinners to himself and to welcome them: despite Gregory's preponderant emphasis on severe divine judgement, there emerges here a progressive accentuation of God's mercy, expressed mostly in a Christological key. Moreover, reworking Augustinian models, Gregory indicates man's eternal beatitude as a "vision of the present face of God" (praesentem Dei vultum cernere), understood as an experience of fullness, which also entails the spiritual nourishment of the elect (Pascua namque electorum sunt vultus praesens Dei).

Research paper thumbnail of Unità e pluralità nella Chiesa nei frammenti dell'Epistola a Vittore

Ireneo di Lione Doctor unitatis, 2022

Among the authentic Greek fragments of the works of Irenaeus of Lyon, two of them are taken from ... more Among the authentic Greek fragments of the works of Irenaeus of Lyon, two of them are taken from his Epistle to Victor and reported by Eusebius of Caesarea within the dossier on Easter question around the last decade of 2nd century. Going beyond the conflict of interpretations aroused by the studies of the last century on this dossier in general and on Irenaeus' intervention in particular, this contribution intends to highlight above all a concise statement by the bishop of Lyon ("The dissonance of fasting confirms the concord of faith"), and then to compare it with some fundamental orientations of Irenaeus' thought in his other works and at the same time to provide a possible interpretation key of the title Doctor unitatis, recently attributed to him by pope Francis.

Research paper thumbnail of Notes sur les interventions de Phocas bar Sergius dans sa traduction des Scholia de Jean de Scythopolis sur De divinis nominibus

XIII Symposium Syriacum, 2022

Between the end of the seventh and the beginning of the eighth century, Phocas bar Sergius transl... more Between the end of the seventh and the beginning of the eighth century, Phocas bar Sergius translated into Syriac the Greek Scholia of John of Scythopolis on the Corpus Dionysiacum (532-544/545). This translation is not only essential in order to recognize John’s specific contribution among the Greek commentaries on the writings of the Pseudo-Areopagite, especially when compared to the later additions of Maximus the Confessor and other scholiasts, but it also helps to reveal the numerous interventions of Phocas himself, as was already underlined in 1977-78 by Strothmann in relation to the marginal notes on De ecclesiastica hierarchia IV. The aim of this article is to analyze some of the interventions of the Syriac translator – omissions, changes, additions – in his version of the Scholia on De divinis nominibus, as it is conserved in the MS Brit. Libr., Add. 12151 (Wright 625). In this way, it will be possible to identify some specific preoccupations of Phocas, including those of a terminological and doctrinal nature.

Research paper thumbnail of L’universale mediazione materna di Maria in Bernardo di Clairvaux, erede della tradizione patristica e modello della pietà medievale e moderna

Transizioni e variazioni mariane dal Medioevo ai giorni nostri, 2022

La riflessione mariologica di Bernardo di Chiaravalle, pur ridimensionata dalla critica novecente... more La riflessione mariologica di Bernardo di Chiaravalle, pur ridimensionata dalla critica novecentesca, contiene almeno un principio teologico fondamentale per la pietà mariana medievale e moderna: nella mediazione universale di Maria, infatti, Bernardo sintetizza e amplifica la precedente tradizione patristica e – più o meno direttamente – esercita un influsso decisivo sulla successiva predicazione e produzione letteraria e artistica. In particolare, a partire dal dogma tradizionale della maternità divina, Bernardo accentua l’opera di mediazione universale di Maria, nel duplice significato di cooperazione alla redenzione e di dispensazione di tutte le grazie. Prendendo le mosse da questo nucleo teologico – e andando probabilmente al di là delle sue stesse intenzioni –, Bernardo fu recepito dai posteri non solo come Doctor mellifluus, ma anche, e forse anzitutto, come Doctor marialis.

Research paper thumbnail of Il Tomus ad Armenios e altri testimonia di Proclo di Costantinopoli nel VI secolo: un caso di riscrittura della “memoria dogmatica” precalcedonese

XLVIII INCONTRO DI STUDIOSI DELL'ANTICHITÀ CRISTIANA - LA MEMORIA: Forme e finalità del ricordare nel cristianesimo antico, 2022

Proclus of Constantinople was always considered as an undisputed master of orthodoxy. During the ... more Proclus of Constantinople was always considered as an undisputed master of orthodoxy. During the sixth century, his writings – especially his Tomus ad Armenios (435) – were reread in a (neo)Chalcedonian and/or Severan sense, in order to make Proclus closer to one or the other side. It is not just about allusions to his figure or quotations of his writings in opposing florilegia, but also probable interpolations in his texts, pseudoepigraphic attributions and doctrinally oriented expunctions. His pre-Chalcedonian “dogmatic memory” was rewritten on the basis of the new Christological controversies, culminating around the council of Constantinople II, including that concerning the Three Chapters.

Research paper thumbnail of John of Scythopolis as a Precursor of John Damascene in the Theological Development towards Trinitarian Perichoresis: A Hypothesis

Eighteenth International Conference on Patristic Studies – Oxford, 19th-23rd August 2019

John of Scythopolis, the first scholiast of the Corpus Dionysiacum, played a role in the Christol... more John of Scythopolis, the first scholiast of the Corpus Dionysiacum, played a role in the Christological debates that took place after the Council of Chalcedon in 451 and contributes in an original way to the development of Christological dogma in preparation for the Second Council of Constantinople in 553. Yet, John was not only a Neo-Chalcedonian theologian, but in his Scholia to the Areopagite he also deals with Trinitarian theology. Among his original contributions in commenting on this aspect in Pseudo-Dionysius’s thought, the Scythopolitan interprets the “mutual interpenetration” of Trinitarian hypostases – expressed by such formulations as ἐν ἀλλήλαις / ἐν ἀλλήλοις (DN II, 4; MT III) –, by introducing the verb χωρέω and the substantive χώρησις. Moreover, John connects this “mutual interpenetration”, which in the Areopagite is fundamentally “static”, with a certain idea of “movement” (δοκεῖ κινεῖσθαι) of the divine nature. In this way, while he uses neither the compound noun περιχώρησις nor the corresponding verb περιχωρέω, and although he does not connect Trinitarian meaning of perichoresis with its Christological use, the Scythopolitan may be considered part of the history of the development of this theological doctrine, which has its roots in the Cappadocians’ Trinitarian thought and its classical demonstration in John Damascene’s writings.

Research paper thumbnail of Intervista su Le versioni greche del Simbolo Quicumque

https://www.letture.org/le-versioni-greche-del-simbolo-quicumque-alberto-nigra

Prof. don Alberto Nigra, Lei è autore del libro Le versioni greche del Simbolo Quicumque. Testo c... more Prof. don Alberto Nigra, Lei è autore del libro Le versioni greche del Simbolo Quicumque. Testo critico e note storico-teologiche, pubblicato dalle Edizioni dell'Orso: che importanza riveste, nel panorama della cultura latina tardoantica, il Simbolo Quicumque? Il Simbolo Quicumque, così denominato dalla prima parola del suo testo, è una professione di fede composta in latino tra la fine del V e il VII secolo da un anonimo autore, probabilmente collocabile in area franco-ispanica, forse negli ambienti vicini a Cesario di Arles (470 ca.-542/543). A differenza del più noto Simbolo niceno-costantinopolitano-il Credo abitualmente recitato nella Chiesa latina durante le celebrazioni liturgiche domenicali e solenni, composto ai concili di Nicea (325) e poi Costantinopoli (381)-, il Quicumque non è organizzato secondo i tre articoli relativi al Padre, al Figlio e allo Spirito Santo, con la conclusione riguardante la Chiesa, il Battesimo, la risurrezione e la vita eterna, ma è suddiviso in due grandi parti, che presentano la fides catholica rispettivamente sulla Trinità e sulla persona di Cristo, con un richiamo finale alla risurrezione e al giudizio. Inoltre, da tutto il testo traspare la preoccupazione di collegare la corretta professione della fede alla salvezza personale di ciascuno; il Simbolo inizia con: «Chiunque voglia salvarsi deve anzitutto possedere la fede cattolica» (Quicumque vult salvus esse, ante omnia opus est ut teneat catholicam fidem), e si conclude con: «Questa è la fede cattolica, e non potrà essere salvo se non colui che l'abbraccerà fedelmente e fermamente» (Haec est fides catholica: quam nisi quis fideliter firmiterque crediderit, salvus esse non poterit). Diversi studi moderni hanno mostrato che l'autore di questo Simbolo è particolarmente debitore del pensiero trinitario e cristologico di Agostino di Ippona (354-430), di cui viene qui elaborata una mirabile ed efficace sintesi. In generale, vi possiamo trovare un frutto maturo dei punti dogmatici salienti della riflessione patristica sulla Trinità e sulla persona di Cristo, a valle delle dispute del IV e del V secolo, fra i concili di Nicea e di Calcedonia (325-451), esposti in un compendio chiaro e anche facilmente assimilabile e memorizzabile. Non sorprende quindi che in tutto il corso del Medioevo occidentale il Quicumque abbia avuto una grande diffusione, ulteriormente amplificata dalla progressiva attribuzione ad Atanasio di Alessandria (295 ca.-373), ormai universalmente riconosciuta come erronea, tanto che il testo è oggi conosciuto anche come Simbolo pseudo-atanasiano. In ogni caso, quella che era conosciuta come fides sancti Athanasii entrò talmente a far parte del patrimonio condiviso del Medioevo latino da essere inserita all'interno della Liturgia delle Ore domenicale, fino a essere recitata in alcuni ambienti monastici addirittura tutti i giorni. Già in epoca moderna, anche in seguito ai primi seri dubbi sull'attribuzione ad Atanasio, il Quicumque cominciò a trovare posto nella preghiera ufficiale della Chiesa latina soltanto la domenica dopo Pentecoste, festa della Trinità, fino a scomparire del tutto con la riforma liturgica susseguente al Concilio Vaticano II. Tuttavia, ancora oggi il Simbolo pseudo-atanasiano rimane un valido compendio dei principali dogmi della fede cattolica, utilizzabile con profitto per la riflessione e la preghiera personale.

Research paper thumbnail of Recensione di: M.V. Cerutti (a cura di), Allo specchio dell'altro. Strategie di resilienza di «pagani» e gnostici tra II e IV secolo d.C., Cantagalli, Siena 2023

Archivio Teologico Torinese, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Recensione di: Agostino, L’anima e la sua origine. Introduzione, traduzione e note di commento a cura di Enrico Moro. Testo latino a fronte a cura di Giovanni Catapano (Nuovi Testi Patristici 2), Città Nuova, Roma 2022

Archivio Teologico Torinese , 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Recensione di: L. Lugaresi, Vivere da cristiani in un mondo non cristiano. L'esempio dei primi secoli, Lindau, Torino 2020

Archivio Teologico Torinese, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Recensione di: A Diogneto. Introduzione, testo critico, traduzione e note di commento a cura di Fabio Ruggiero (Nuovi Testi Patristici 1), Città Nuova, Roma 2020

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Research paper thumbnail of Traduzione di: R. Guardini, Bibbia e teologia; Il Dio Creatore nella Bibbia; Quale approccio all'Antico Testamento?; Appunti sull'Antico Testamento e il mito

R. Guardini, Bibbia e teologia, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Giovanni di Scitopoli tra il neocalcedonismo e lo Pseudo-Dionigi Areopagita

https://patristics.it/giovanni-di-scitopoli-tra-il-neocalcedonismo-e-lo-pseudo-dionigi-areopagita/

Che cosa c'è in comune fra le controversie cristologiche successive al concilio di Calcedonia e l... more Che cosa c'è in comune fra le controversie cristologiche successive al concilio di Calcedonia e la recezione ecclesiale degli scritti dello Pseudo-Dionigi Areopagita? Che cosa collega questi due fenomeni tipici dell'Oriente cristiano della prima metà del VI secolo? Si potrebbe pensare alla politica religiosa di Giustiniano, che dalla Collatio cum Severianis del 532 al concilio di Costantinopoli II del 553 cerca una pacificazione delle posizioni cristologiche contrastanti a favore del cosiddetto "neocalcedonismo", ossia di quell'integrazione dell'ortodossia calcedonese con l'impostazione unitiva di Cirillo di Alessandria che si avvale anche di innovativi dispositivi teologici, quali la formula teopaschita dei monaci sciti e l'accentuazione del riferimento all'unica ipostasi del Verbo. Si potrebbe pensare anche alle saltuarie citazioni dello Pseudo-Dionigi in ambito miafisita-in particolare da parte di Severo di Antiochia-come auctoritas di età apostolica o, al contrario, al dubbio posto da Ipazio di Efeso sull'autenticità degli scritti dell'Areopagita, passibili di essere intesi come falsi apollinaristi. Tuttavia, il collegamento più forte ed esplicito è costituito dalla figura e dall'opera di un autore palestinese, ben immerso nelle controversie teologiche del suo tempo e profondo conoscitore del Corpus Dionysiacum, tanto da diventarne il primo commentatore. È Giovanni di Scitopoli che si pone al crocevia di questi due fenomeni: attivo nella difesa di Calcedonia già prima del 518, negli anni tra il 520 e il 530 scrive probabilmente da una parte il Contra Aposchistas e il Contra Severum-rivolti verso il miafisismo severiano-e dall'altra il Contra Nestorianos, contro il difisismo radicale, tanto da suscitare la reazione di Basilio di Cilicia. In seguito, dopo aver incontrato gli scritti dello Pseudo-Areopagita, negli anni della sua maturità, lo Scitopolitano si dedica alla pubblicazione del Prologo e degli Scholia al Corpus Dionysiacum, collocabili fra il 532 e il 544/545, cioè tra la Collatio cum Severianis voluta da Giustiniano e la prima condanna dei Tre Capitoli da parte dell'autorità imperiale. Se i trattati cristologici di Giovanni sono andati perlopiù perduti-se ne conservano soltanto citazioni in Severo di Antiochia e in Fozio e frammenti in alcuni florilegi antimonoteliti del VII secolo-, il commento agli scritti dello Pseudo-Areopagita ha avuto un grande successo: infatti, in quasi tutta la tradizione manoscritta greca-e, almeno in una seconda fase, anche latina e siriaca-il Corpus Dionysiacum viene copiato con il corredo interpretativo del Prologo e degli Scholia dello Scitopolitano, e proprio grazie a tale corredo viene recepito pacificamente in ambito ecclesiale per tutto il Medioevo, sia in Oriente che in Occidente. Tuttavia, nel tempo l'opera di Giovanni era stata incrementata dagli interventi di altri commentatori, primo fra tutti da Massimo il Confessore, a cui a partire dal XIII secolo furono attribuiti sia il Prologo sia tutti gli Scholia, tanto che tutto il materiale fu pubblicato sotto il nome di Massimo da parte del Migne nel volume 4 della Patrologia Graeca; il nome di Giovanni di Scitopoli era stato quasi dimenticato, e i suoi commenti perlopiù ritenuti perduti. Fu merito in particolare di Hans Urs von Balthasar di riportare alla luce l'apporto di Giovanni nell'interpretazione dello Pseudo-Dionigi: egli, raccogliendo l'eredità di alcuni studi precedenti, notò come la traduzione siriaca di Phocas bar Sergius (fine VII-inizio VIII secolo) non contenesse apporti di scoliasti greci successivi, ma soltanto l'opera di Giovanni