Kern Craig | Troy University (original) (raw)

Papers by Kern Craig

This chapter is written by a political economist. Capitalism is advocated as opposed to socialism... more This chapter is written by a political economist. Capitalism is advocated as opposed to socialism. The close connection between business administration and public administration is stressed. Management and labor issues are both addressed. The importance of trade and travel is emphasized along with religion. Over organization is discouraged whereas private ownership is encouraged. Taxes and other governmental burdens on commerce and industry are discussed. Welfare is compared to charity. The complementary nature of capitalism and democracy is highlighted. The laws of supply and demand are explained and competition is viewed as a system which rewards good behavior and punishes bad. The law of comparative advantage is clarified and an argument is made for globalism. Investments in stocks and bonds are covered in detail. Government economic policy, both fiscal and monetary, is disentangled. Money is discussed at length. And, last but not least, the legitimate duties of government are summarized and the present state of political economy is tied to the past.

This article first explores the evolution of the English language particularly the influence of C... more This article first explores the evolution of the English language particularly the influence of Celtic, Latin, German, and French. Second, it considers the resultant irregularities with respect to orthography: graphotactic and morphological but most importantly phonological. Third, the use of English as a lingua franca is discussed alongside English as a foreign language, cognate languages, artificial languages, other vehicular languages besides English, pidgin English, and English creole. Fourth, the issue of man-machine communication is examined in terms of speech recognition, phonetic transcription, conversion from documents to speech, dictionaries with audio pronunciation, and programs for oral translation. Last, support is provided for the adoption of phonetic English as the official language of the United States.

Public Administration Research, Sep 29, 2013

This is a cross-sectional study focusing on public policy in the seven nations of Central America:

Asian Social Science, Jan 28, 2013

The United States and India have much in common (besides Indians), enough in fact to constitute a... more The United States and India have much in common (besides Indians), enough in fact to constitute a comprehensive alliance. Both countries are former British colonies. Both use the English language: unofficially but more in the US; and, officially but less in India. Both are complimentarily large, the US in terms of area and India in terms of population. The people of India are however younger and poorer. Both countries have long coastlines and together they are adjacent the major oceans of the world: Pacific, Artic, and Atlantic including the Gulf of Mexico; and, Indian including the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. The United States of America and the Republic of India have now converged as welfare states. The US was once more capitalistic whereas India was once more socialistic. Both countries use Affirmative Action: for minorities and women in the US; and, for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes in India. Both governments are secular but the US is predominately Christian whereas India is predominately Hindu. Both countries face the threat of Islamic terrorism particularly the US vis-à-vis Afghanistan and India vis-à-vis Pakistan. And both the United States and India must contend with the new super-state, China.

International Journal of Public Administration, Jun 30, 2010

... An essay on the principle of population, Edited by: Gilbert, G. Oxford, , England: Oxford Uni... more ... An essay on the principle of population, Edited by: Gilbert, G. Oxford, , England: Oxford University Press. Original work published 1798; 15. Jessica, Mathews. 1997. Power shift. ... Original work published 1817; 19. Rummel, R. 1999. Democracies don't fight democracies. ...

This article addresses the importance of the International System of Units or SI. It compares the... more This article addresses the importance of the International System of Units or SI. It compares the metric system with the customary system of weights and measures. There is a brief discussion involving the evolution of the decimal system from Roman numerals to Hindu-Arabic numerals followed by a longer discussion involving the evolution of SI. Closing arguments support the full adoption and mandatory teaching of the metric system in the United States.

This dissertation involves empirical tests of bivariate hypotheses corresponding to propositions ... more This dissertation involves empirical tests of bivariate hypotheses corresponding to propositions drawn from the literature of dependency theory. It is based on a cross-sectional statistical analysis of indicators for political and economic variables in a subset of nations consisting of the 18 Commonwealth Caribbean countries: Anguilla, Antigua &amp;amp; Barbuda, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat, St. Kitts &amp;amp; Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent &amp;amp; the Grenadines, Trinidad &amp;amp; Tobago, and the Turks &amp;amp; Caicos Islands. A comparative research design is employed with &amp;quot;most similar&amp;quot; cases used for control (the 18 countries in question) and &amp;quot;most different&amp;quot; cases used for explanation (the &amp;quot;exemplar,&amp;quot; Bermuda, and the &amp;quot;deviant,&amp;quot; Guyana). The theory of dependency (unlike the theory of diffusion) holds that political and economic dependence are inversely and significantly related to economic prosperity. Here, the concept of dependence is operationalized using political indicators such as colonial affiliation and class cleavage and economic indicators such as annual tourist expenditures per capita (as a measure of monoculture) and annual trade deficits per capita. Prosperity is operationalized using four economic indicators: annual gross domestic product per capita, unemployment rate, telephones per thousand people, and average life expectancy at birth. The present impact of dependency in terms of prosperity is then assessed throughout the Commonwealth Caribbean. The correlations are directionally strong and statistically significant but run counter to the propositions drawn from dependency literature. The empirical evidence suggests a reversal of dependency theory (and an acceptance of diffusion theory) at least in this particular domain. A paradox of dependence emerges since the dependent state, the dependent class, and the dependent economy are experiencing relative prosperity throughout the contemporary Commonwealth Caribbean.

Leila Sebbar writes mainly about the Franco-Maghrebian immigrant population in France. Her father... more Leila Sebbar writes mainly about the Franco-Maghrebian immigrant population in France. Her father is Algerian and her mother is French. This thematic study of the youth in the works of Leila Sebbar explores how families relate amidst verging cultures and geographies. The inter-generational family portraits in her works explore the losses of exile, yet establish the territory of memory as a redemptive tool for connecting the sons and daughters to their mixed heritage. Leila Sebbar emphasizes the relevance of youth and their connection to traditions and the past. Sebbar demonstrates the importance of the mother's oral tradition and her central role in teaching the family traditions to her children. The mother is a territory or asylum for sons in transit or social exile. The mother and son must bridge the communication between different languages, cultures and generations. Mothers and daughters also experience their relationships in the works of Leila Sebbar as an interweaving of similarities and differences. Their gender places them in similar positions, but the difference in generation and culture creates very different perspectives and experiences for the mother and her daughter. Her works describe daughters who run away and the contradictions this freedom creates for them. She also explores how the Maghrebian and Islamic community often dictates how fathers and mothers relate to their sons and daughters. When the memory of the mother or father becomes silenced because of the pain of exile or the restrictions of the community, the sons and daughters seek out the story of the past through intermediary mother and father figures and the cultural signs surrounding them. Her works contribute to a greater understanding of French and Maghrebian society in a social and historical context.

&amp;quot;The US is routinely blamed for the woes of the world. But this study includes a... more &amp;quot;The US is routinely blamed for the woes of the world. But this study includes all nations. It is not only exhaustive, it is also objective. There are nine variables of interest. The two dependent variables are environmental performance and economic performance. The six independent variables are national attributes: politically free, economically free, anti-corrupt, anti-sexist, non-African, and non-Muslim. The ninth variable, fertility, serves as a trend indicator in lieu of longitudinal analysis. Using gradation, each country is ranked according to each variable. Neither ranking nor averaging lends any credence to condemnation of the United States. Both comparison of means and comparison of correlation coefficients implicate other sets of nations: those lacking democracy, capitalism, honest government, or gender equality as well as those that are African or Muslim. And, according to the trend indicator, fertility, the prognosis for the planet and its people is not good. &amp;quot;

Public Administration Research, 2013

This is a cross-sectional study focusing on public policy in the seven nations of Central America:

Public Administration Research, 2(2), 105-123, Sep 1, 2013

This is a cross-sectional study focusing on public policy in the seven nations of Central America:

US-China Law Review, 7(5), 15-25, May 1, 2010

The oceans once belonged to everyone and to no one. Freedom of the seas served the world well for... more The oceans once belonged to everyone and to no one. Freedom of the seas served the world well for ages. But this anarchic principle is now hopelessly inadequate given the present environmental crisis involving massive water pollution and widespread extinction of marine species. The U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) is all bark and no bite. Other international organizations are similarly ineffective including the International Whaling Commission, International Maritime Organization, and the International Seabed Authority. And regional bodies such as the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas and the Antarctic Treaty System are not much better. So, at least temporarily, it is up to coastal nations to police the waters of the world. The United States, as a superpower, should lead the way. The unilateral extension of U.S. territorial waters will enhance the prospects not only for environmental protection but also economic development and national se...

National Social Science Journal, 35(2), 43-54, 2011

Journal of Social Research & Policy, 2015

IntroductionThis study asks an important question: What matters with respect to elementary and se... more IntroductionThis study asks an important question: What matters with respect to elementary and secondary education in America? It attempts to answer that question using induction and correlation to evaluate public policies in terms of student outcomes. The research design is inductive as opposed to deductive, bottom-up versus top-down, factual first and theoretical second. Moving from observation to abstraction, facts are narrowly examined before ideas are broadly expressed. And bivariate correlation is the method used for both data-mining and hypothesis-testing.The present-day debate with respect to public policies is addressed in terms of the long-standing consensus with respect to student outcomes. Five policies involving spending, organization, size, race, and sex are operationalized as independent variables or causes. They are controversial and thus important if for no other reason. And five outcomes involving standardized tests, academic achievement, economic success, serious ...

Journal of US-China public administration, 2010

The United States is experiencing a very serious economic downturn. It is now necessary to consid... more The United States is experiencing a very serious economic downturn. It is now necessary to consider some significant changes in government policy. The system of revenue collection should be simplified with a single tax levied and itemized at the national, state, and local levels. Likewise, the system of benefit distribution should be simplified with a single entitlement paid to each individual at every level with absolutely no strings attached. Such simplification would save a massive amount of time and money even if it was neutral in terms of overall revenue and expenditure. And, it would minimize fraud, waste and abuse. The gains in efficiency and accountability would be enormous.

Public Administration Research, Sep 29, 2013

This is a cross-sectional study focusing on public policy in the seven nations of Central America:

Asian Social Science, Jan 28, 2013

International Journal of Public Administration, Jun 30, 2010

Public Administration Research, 2013

This is a cross-sectional study focusing on public policy in the seven nations of Central America:

Public Administration Research, 2(2), 105-123, Sep 1, 2013

This is a cross-sectional study focusing on public policy in the seven nations of Central America:

US-China Law Review, 7(5), 15-25, May 1, 2010

National Social Science Journal, 35(2), 43-54, 2011

Journal of Social Research & Policy, 2015

Journal of US-China public administration, 2010

978-1492130239, 2008

This chapter is written by a political economist. Capitalism is advocated as opposed to socialis... more This chapter is written by a political economist. Capitalism is advocated as opposed to socialism. The close connection between business administration and public administration is stressed. Management and labor issues are both addressed. The importance of trade and travel is emphasized along with religion. Over organization is discouraged whereas private ownership is encouraged. Taxes and other governmental burdens on commerce and industry are discussed. Welfare is compared to charity. The complementary nature of capitalism and democracy is highlighted. The laws of supply and demand are explained and competition is viewed as a system which rewards good behavior and punishes bad. The law of comparative advantage is clarified and an argument is made for globalism. Investments in stocks and bonds are covered in detail. Government economic policy, both fiscal and monetary, is disentangled. Money is discussed at length. And, last but not least, the legitimate duties of government are summarized and the present state of political economy is tied to the past.

978-1492167105, 2011

The battle cry of the first American Revolution was “no taxation without representation” but the ... more The battle cry of the first American Revolution was “no taxation without representation” but the battle cry of the second American Revolution should be "no representation without taxation.” The right to vote should be qualified by the duty to pay taxes, either income or property taxes. It should be further restricted not only with poll taxes but also with literacy tests.

978-1492789345 , 2013

The American inquisition is not about a church but it is about a faith. And it is not about the ... more The American inquisition is not about a church but it is about a faith. And it is not about the police but it is about the law. A dystopian state of affairs is being created by an unwarranted faith in government on the one hand and by an unprecedented proliferation of law on the other.

978-1495257865, 2014

This in-depth policy paper is a factual exposé of the feminist movement. It focuses on reverse s... more This in-depth policy paper is a factual exposé of the feminist movement. It focuses on reverse sexism and socialism in post-modern America. Equality, the stated goal of the feminist movement, is compared with the observed result, inequality, the result of discrimination against men. Here theory meets fact in terms of social programs and government policies that disproportionally benefit women including twenty welfare programs, three government insurance programs, and seven broad areas of public policy.

978-1542875905, 2017

This book is about polar politics and the biggest deals of the 21st century, deals that will like... more This book is about polar politics and the biggest deals of the 21st century, deals that will likely be made by President Trump on behalf of the United States and by President Putin of behalf of the Russian Federation. In the meantime, this book serves as the basis for two college courses on polar politics.
Part I is the basis for a course on Arctic affairs. An earlier version of this section was prepared for the annual meeting of the Florida Political Science Association in Lakeland, FL, on April 2, 2016.
Part II is the basis for a course on Antarctic affairs. An earlier version of this section was prepared for the annual meeting of the Florida Political Science Association in Orlando, FL, on April 1, 2017.
Researching and writing this book has taken more than two years. The reference list in the Arctic section contains over 130 sources and the reference list in the Antarctic section contains over 180. There are maps in each section along with numerous hyperlinks.
This book is packed with interesting facts. It has been carefully organized to avoid confusion. Some of the conclusions reached are already controversial. Others are not yet controversial since they are original. But all are defensible in terms of logic and in terms of the evidence presented.

979-8853325258, 2023

As a university professor, I have written a lengthy dissertation, numerous conference papers, jou... more As a university professor, I have written a lengthy dissertation, numerous conference papers, journal articles, and books. All are related to political science in one way or another. And all deal with topics that are controversial and therefore important if for no other reason. This book is a compilation of selected policy papers that I have written over the years. They are featured here under one cover and in chronological order for the convenience of students, both graduate and undergraduate. Planning for five of the nine policy papers began with the presentation of a paper at the College of Arts and Sciences Research Symposium in Sandestin, Florida, in 2008. It is featured here as a more complete introduction.

979-8882148880, 2024

This paper addresses U.S. addictions to welfare and warfare focusing on the serious problems asso... more This paper addresses U.S. addictions to welfare and warfare focusing on the serious problems associated with entitlement programs and military deployments. It discusses the increasing number and cost of social programs, and it examines the risks of another great depression, governmental disintegration, and/or another civil war. It discusses the historical record of military deployments and decries the current cost of military aid to Ukraine, economic sanctions on Russia, and the Ukraine war in terms of death and destruction, and it addresses the risks of nuclear war and/or another world war. This paper argues for a redirection in entitlement spending to public works with an emphasis on infrastructure, and a redirection in military spending from offense to defense with an emphasis on the future in space and cyberspace.

979-8364886002 , 2022

Overview Should the United States end its economic sanctions on Russia, stop its military aid to... more Overview
Should the United States end its economic sanctions on Russia, stop its military aid to Ukraine, and promote a ceasefire along a new border?

Abstract
The Cold War ended in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union. NATO then expanded eastward growing from sixteen members in 1999 to thirty in 2020. Its fourteen new members were former republics, satellites, or allies of the old USSR. The new Russian Federation resisted NATO expansion in parts of Moldova (Transdniestria), Georgia (South Ossetia and Abkhazia), and Ukraine (Crimea, Donetsk, and Luhansk). As a result, the United States imposed economic sanctions on Russia and supplied military aid to Moldova, Georgia, and Ukraine. The US also installed missile bases in Romania and Poland with most Western military aid entering Ukraine through Poland. Could this be the start of World War III with fighting next between Russia and Poland then between China and Taiwan, North and South Korea, and/or Iran and Israel?

Keywords
NATO expansion, Ukraine, Russia, United States, economic sanctions, military aid, World War III

979-8789918135, 2021

Introduction The growth of China and its appetite for resources in Siberia and the Arctic Ocean p... more Introduction
The growth of China and its appetite for resources in Siberia and the Arctic Ocean pose a threat to the territorial integrity of Russia. Is it therefore in the national interest of Russia to form an alliance with its Arctic neighbors, the United States and Canada, to protect its southern border and northern coastline? And is it in the national interest of the United States and Canada to support rather than sanction Russia given the rising geostrategic power of China? To answer these and related questions, this paper examines the various economic, environmental, and military aspects of a United States-Russia-Canada Agreement (USRCA).