Otto Mykkänen | University of Eastern Finland (original) (raw)

Papers by Otto Mykkänen

Research paper thumbnail of Antioxidant phytochemicals against type 2 diabetes

British Journal of Nutrition, May 1, 2008

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Research paper thumbnail of Antioxidant phytochemicals against type 2 diabetes

British Journal of Nutrition, 2008

Dietary phytochemicals, of which polyphenols form a considerable part, may affect the risk of obe... more Dietary phytochemicals, of which polyphenols form a considerable part, may affect the risk of obesity-associated chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. This article presents an overview on how phytochemicals, especially polyphenols in fruits, vegetables, berries, beverages and herbal medicines, may modify imbalanced lipid and glucose homeostasis thereby reducing the risk of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes complications.

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Research paper thumbnail of Reduction of subacute endotoxemia could mediate beneficial effects of Vaccinium myrtillus in metabolic syndrome-a PBMC gene expression study

ABSTRACT Obesity and its consequences on cardiometabolic health have been associated to low-grade... more ABSTRACT Obesity and its consequences on cardiometabolic health have been associated to low-grade inflammation. Anthocyanins are anti-inflammatory compounds in diet, and the major group of polyphenols found in wild European blueberries, bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus). We have studied the effects of a bilberry-rich diet on inflammation and gene expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in subjects with features of the metabolic syndrome. In a randomized, controlled dietary intervention study the bilberry group (n=15) consumed bilberries or berry products equivalent to 400 g of fresh berries daily for 8 weeks, while the participants in the control group (n=12) maintained their habitual diets. Inflammatory markers were measured before and after the intervention. The microarray profiling was done from 3 subjects in the bilberry group and further QPCR expression analyses from all subjects in both groups at both timepoints. From 50 differentially expressed transcripts for mRNA (P<0.005), five candidate genes; WDSUB1, COX7B, RGS18, DAPP1 and TICAM1, were randomly selected for QPCR analyses. To further explore the interplay of dietary change and the affected pathways additional genes of LBP, TNFRSF12A, RIPK-1, Ly96 (MD2), TAB-2 (Toll-like receptor pathway); CD19, CD72 (B-cell receptor pathway) MMD, CCR2 (Monocyte and macrophage associated genes) were selected for QPCR analyses. Bilberries tended to decrease plasma concentrations of hsCRP, IL-6 and LPS (lipopolysaccharide, endotoxin). An inflammation score based on these markers and TNF-alpha showed different trends between the bilberry and control groups. These changes were accompanied by differential expression in PBMCs of MMD and CCR2, transcripts associated with monocyte activation and recruitment, respectively. Our results indicate that high regular bilberry intake may reduce endotoxemia and chronic inflammation, the latter especially by directing the immunity away from overactive innate cell mediated responsiveness. Bilberry consumption may therefore decrease the long term risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

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Research paper thumbnail of Wild Blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) Alleviate Inflammation and Hypertension Associated with Developing Obesity in Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet

PloS one, 2014

Low-grade metabolic inflammation and hypertension are primary mechanisms involved in obesity-asso... more Low-grade metabolic inflammation and hypertension are primary mechanisms involved in obesity-associated adverse health effects. Berries, especially Nordic wild blueberries (hereafter referred to as bilberries), represent an important source of dietary anthocyanins, a group of polyphenols with potential beneficial effects to combat obesity-associated metabolic disturbances. The effects of 5% or 10% (w/w) of whole bilberries (BB) were studied on the development of obesity and its metabolic disturbances in C57BL mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for three months. Cytokines, inflammatory cells, systolic blood pressure, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, weight gain, body fat, food consumption and energy metabolism were assessed. Bilberries ameliorated type 1 pro-inflammatory responsiveness induced by HFD. This was indicated by the altered cytokine profile and the reduced prevalence of interferon gamma -producing T-cells, in particular T helper type 1 cells. Bilberries also preven...

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Research paper thumbnail of Wild Blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) alleviate inflammation and hypertension associated with a developing obesity in mice fed with a high-fat diet.

BACKGROUND: Low-grade metabolic inflammation and hypertension are primary mechanisms involved in... more BACKGROUND:

Low-grade metabolic inflammation and hypertension are primary mechanisms involved in obesity-associated adverse health effects. Berries, especially Nordic wild blueberries (hereafter referred to as bilberries), represent an important source of dietary anthocyanins, a group of polyphenols with potential beneficial effects to combat obesity-associated metabolic disturbances.
METHODS:

The effects of 5% or 10% (w/w) of whole bilberries (BB) were studied on the development of obesity and its metabolic disturbances in C57BL mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for three months. Cytokines, inflammatory cells, systolic blood pressure, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, weight gain, body fat, food consumption and energy metabolism were assessed.
RESULTS:

Bilberries ameliorated type 1 pro-inflammatory responsiveness induced by HFD. This was indicated by the altered cytokine profile and the reduced prevalence of interferon gamma -producing T-cells, in particular T helper type 1 cells. Bilberries also prevented the progression of obesity associated long term increase in systolic blood pressure in mice.
CONCLUSIONS:

Bilberries reduce the development of systemic inflammation and prevent the progression of chronic hypertension, thus supporting their potential role in alleviating the adverse health effects associated with developing obesity.

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Research paper thumbnail of Bilberries reduce low-grade inflammation in individuals with features of metabolic syndrome

Molecular nutrition & food research, 2012

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Research paper thumbnail of Bilberries potentially alleviate stress-related retinal gene expression induced by a high-fat diet in mice

Molecular vision, 2012

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Research paper thumbnail of High-fiber rye bread improves bowel function in postmenopausal women but does not cause other putatively positive changes in the metabolic activity of intestinal microbiota

Nutrition Research, 2007

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Research paper thumbnail of Efficacy of dietary hempseed oil in patients with atopic dermatitis

Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2005

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Research paper thumbnail of Fecal and urinary excretion of aflatoxin B1 metabolites (AFQ1, AFM1 and AFB-N7-guanine) in young Chinese males

International Journal of Cancer, 2005

Our study was designed to assess the fecal and urinary excretion of 3 aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) metabol... more Our study was designed to assess the fecal and urinary excretion of 3 aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) metabolites, aflatoxins M1 (AFM1) and Q1 (AFQ1) and aflatoxin B1-N7-guanine (AFB-N7-guanine) that are produced by the predominant forms of cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible for the biotransformation of AFB1. Fecal and urinary AFM1, AFQ1 and urinary AFB-N7-guanine were assessed in 83 young Chinese males selected from a larger population (n = 300) based on detectable urinary AFM1. The concentration of fecal AFQ1 (median 137 ng/g fresh weight, IQR 9.1 to 450) was approximately 60 times higher than that of AFM1 (2.3 ng/g, IQR 0.0 to 7.3). In urine, the median AFQ1 was 10.4 ng/ml (IQR 3.4 to 23.3), and the median AFM1 and AFB-N7-guanine 0.04 ng/ml (IQR 0.01 to 0.33) and 0.38 ng/ml (IQR 0.0 to 2.15), respectively. A subgroup (n = 14) with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection had significantly higher fecal concentrations of AFQ1 (p = 0.043) and AFM1 (p = 0.001) than those who were hepatitis B-virus antigen (HBsAg) negative, and the respective differences in urinary AFQ1 and AFM1 concentrations approached statistical significance (p = 0.054, p = 0.138). Our study demonstrates that AFQ1 is excreted in urine and feces at higher levels than AFM1, and feces are an important route of excretion of these AFB1 metabolites. AFQ1 should be further assessed for its predictive value as a marker for exposure and risk of dietary aflatoxins. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Research paper thumbnail of Antioxidant phytochemicals against type 2 diabetes

British Journal of Nutrition, May 1, 2008

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Antioxidant phytochemicals against type 2 diabetes

British Journal of Nutrition, 2008

Dietary phytochemicals, of which polyphenols form a considerable part, may affect the risk of obe... more Dietary phytochemicals, of which polyphenols form a considerable part, may affect the risk of obesity-associated chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. This article presents an overview on how phytochemicals, especially polyphenols in fruits, vegetables, berries, beverages and herbal medicines, may modify imbalanced lipid and glucose homeostasis thereby reducing the risk of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes complications.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Reduction of subacute endotoxemia could mediate beneficial effects of Vaccinium myrtillus in metabolic syndrome-a PBMC gene expression study

ABSTRACT Obesity and its consequences on cardiometabolic health have been associated to low-grade... more ABSTRACT Obesity and its consequences on cardiometabolic health have been associated to low-grade inflammation. Anthocyanins are anti-inflammatory compounds in diet, and the major group of polyphenols found in wild European blueberries, bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus). We have studied the effects of a bilberry-rich diet on inflammation and gene expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in subjects with features of the metabolic syndrome. In a randomized, controlled dietary intervention study the bilberry group (n=15) consumed bilberries or berry products equivalent to 400 g of fresh berries daily for 8 weeks, while the participants in the control group (n=12) maintained their habitual diets. Inflammatory markers were measured before and after the intervention. The microarray profiling was done from 3 subjects in the bilberry group and further QPCR expression analyses from all subjects in both groups at both timepoints. From 50 differentially expressed transcripts for mRNA (P<0.005), five candidate genes; WDSUB1, COX7B, RGS18, DAPP1 and TICAM1, were randomly selected for QPCR analyses. To further explore the interplay of dietary change and the affected pathways additional genes of LBP, TNFRSF12A, RIPK-1, Ly96 (MD2), TAB-2 (Toll-like receptor pathway); CD19, CD72 (B-cell receptor pathway) MMD, CCR2 (Monocyte and macrophage associated genes) were selected for QPCR analyses. Bilberries tended to decrease plasma concentrations of hsCRP, IL-6 and LPS (lipopolysaccharide, endotoxin). An inflammation score based on these markers and TNF-alpha showed different trends between the bilberry and control groups. These changes were accompanied by differential expression in PBMCs of MMD and CCR2, transcripts associated with monocyte activation and recruitment, respectively. Our results indicate that high regular bilberry intake may reduce endotoxemia and chronic inflammation, the latter especially by directing the immunity away from overactive innate cell mediated responsiveness. Bilberry consumption may therefore decrease the long term risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Wild Blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) Alleviate Inflammation and Hypertension Associated with Developing Obesity in Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet

PloS one, 2014

Low-grade metabolic inflammation and hypertension are primary mechanisms involved in obesity-asso... more Low-grade metabolic inflammation and hypertension are primary mechanisms involved in obesity-associated adverse health effects. Berries, especially Nordic wild blueberries (hereafter referred to as bilberries), represent an important source of dietary anthocyanins, a group of polyphenols with potential beneficial effects to combat obesity-associated metabolic disturbances. The effects of 5% or 10% (w/w) of whole bilberries (BB) were studied on the development of obesity and its metabolic disturbances in C57BL mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for three months. Cytokines, inflammatory cells, systolic blood pressure, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, weight gain, body fat, food consumption and energy metabolism were assessed. Bilberries ameliorated type 1 pro-inflammatory responsiveness induced by HFD. This was indicated by the altered cytokine profile and the reduced prevalence of interferon gamma -producing T-cells, in particular T helper type 1 cells. Bilberries also preven...

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Wild Blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) alleviate inflammation and hypertension associated with a developing obesity in mice fed with a high-fat diet.

BACKGROUND: Low-grade metabolic inflammation and hypertension are primary mechanisms involved in... more BACKGROUND:

Low-grade metabolic inflammation and hypertension are primary mechanisms involved in obesity-associated adverse health effects. Berries, especially Nordic wild blueberries (hereafter referred to as bilberries), represent an important source of dietary anthocyanins, a group of polyphenols with potential beneficial effects to combat obesity-associated metabolic disturbances.
METHODS:

The effects of 5% or 10% (w/w) of whole bilberries (BB) were studied on the development of obesity and its metabolic disturbances in C57BL mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for three months. Cytokines, inflammatory cells, systolic blood pressure, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, weight gain, body fat, food consumption and energy metabolism were assessed.
RESULTS:

Bilberries ameliorated type 1 pro-inflammatory responsiveness induced by HFD. This was indicated by the altered cytokine profile and the reduced prevalence of interferon gamma -producing T-cells, in particular T helper type 1 cells. Bilberries also prevented the progression of obesity associated long term increase in systolic blood pressure in mice.
CONCLUSIONS:

Bilberries reduce the development of systemic inflammation and prevent the progression of chronic hypertension, thus supporting their potential role in alleviating the adverse health effects associated with developing obesity.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Bilberries reduce low-grade inflammation in individuals with features of metabolic syndrome

Molecular nutrition & food research, 2012

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Bilberries potentially alleviate stress-related retinal gene expression induced by a high-fat diet in mice

Molecular vision, 2012

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of High-fiber rye bread improves bowel function in postmenopausal women but does not cause other putatively positive changes in the metabolic activity of intestinal microbiota

Nutrition Research, 2007

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Efficacy of dietary hempseed oil in patients with atopic dermatitis

Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2005

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Fecal and urinary excretion of aflatoxin B1 metabolites (AFQ1, AFM1 and AFB-N7-guanine) in young Chinese males

International Journal of Cancer, 2005

Our study was designed to assess the fecal and urinary excretion of 3 aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) metabol... more Our study was designed to assess the fecal and urinary excretion of 3 aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) metabolites, aflatoxins M1 (AFM1) and Q1 (AFQ1) and aflatoxin B1-N7-guanine (AFB-N7-guanine) that are produced by the predominant forms of cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible for the biotransformation of AFB1. Fecal and urinary AFM1, AFQ1 and urinary AFB-N7-guanine were assessed in 83 young Chinese males selected from a larger population (n = 300) based on detectable urinary AFM1. The concentration of fecal AFQ1 (median 137 ng/g fresh weight, IQR 9.1 to 450) was approximately 60 times higher than that of AFM1 (2.3 ng/g, IQR 0.0 to 7.3). In urine, the median AFQ1 was 10.4 ng/ml (IQR 3.4 to 23.3), and the median AFM1 and AFB-N7-guanine 0.04 ng/ml (IQR 0.01 to 0.33) and 0.38 ng/ml (IQR 0.0 to 2.15), respectively. A subgroup (n = 14) with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection had significantly higher fecal concentrations of AFQ1 (p = 0.043) and AFM1 (p = 0.001) than those who were hepatitis B-virus antigen (HBsAg) negative, and the respective differences in urinary AFQ1 and AFM1 concentrations approached statistical significance (p = 0.054, p = 0.138). Our study demonstrates that AFQ1 is excreted in urine and feces at higher levels than AFM1, and feces are an important route of excretion of these AFB1 metabolites. AFQ1 should be further assessed for its predictive value as a marker for exposure and risk of dietary aflatoxins. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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