Gaanty Pragas Maniam | Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) (original) (raw)

Uploads

Papers by Gaanty Pragas Maniam

Fuel, 2011

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Journal of The American Oil Chemists Society

Landfill bound waste from the oil palm industry, spent bleaching clay (SBC) containing significan... more Landfill bound waste from the oil palm industry, spent bleaching clay (SBC) containing significant amounts of adsorbed crude palm oil (CPO) has the potential to be used for biodiesel production. In this study, SBC was subjected to ultrasound-aided in situ transesterification with a co-solvent to convert the oil into methyl esters (biodiesel). Optimized reaction conditions used were 5.4 wt% KOH, methanol to oil mass ratio of 5.9:1 and 1:1 mass ratio of co-solvent (petroleum ether or ethyl methyl ketone) to SBC. The remaining bleaching clay was calcined at 500 °C for 30 min and reutilized for bleaching. Absence of –CH absorption peaks in the FTIR and TGA-FTIR analysis of regenerated clays shows the regeneration efficiency of the method. In situ transesterification and heat regeneration helped to restore pores without adversely affecting the clay structure. The use of ethyl methyl ketone (EMK) as the co-solvent in the in situ transesterification process produced clay with better bleaching qualities.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Fuel and Energy Abstracts, 2011

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2011

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2011

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Energy Conversion and Management, 2011

Adsorbed crude palm oil on spent bleaching clay (SBC) was in situ transesterified to methyl ester... more Adsorbed crude palm oil on spent bleaching clay (SBC) was in situ transesterified to methyl esters (biodiesel) by the aid of ultrasound and organic co-solvents (petroleum ether (PE) or ethyl methyl ketone (EMK)). The SBC under study was found to contain 24.2–27.0% of crude oil with free fatty acids (FFA) of 3.01% and moisture content of 0.29%. The optimized reaction

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Journal of The American Oil Chemists Society, 2011

The use of waste oils/fats, as well as catalysts from waste materials, for producing biodiesel vi... more The use of waste oils/fats, as well as catalysts from waste materials, for producing biodiesel via transesterification have been of recent interest. As such, in the present work, the transesterification of chicken fat using crab and cockle shells as a catalyst was attempted. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron dispersive X-ray (EDX) results show that, upon thermal activation, both shells transformed into CaO, the active ingredient that catalyzes the reaction. In addition, the catalytic performance of individual shells as well as the combination of both shells in various ratios was similar. Under the optimal reaction conditions of 4.9 wt% catalyst amount and 0.55:1 methanol to oil mass ratio, methyl esters conversion above 98% was achieved in 3 h. The chicken fat methyl esters that were produced were found to meet several key specifications of biodiesel based on EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 test procedures.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact