Claus Schnabel | Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (original) (raw)
Papers by Claus Schnabel
Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik
Small Business Economics
Using representative linked employer-employee data for Germany, this paper analyzes short- and lo... more Using representative linked employer-employee data for Germany, this paper analyzes short- and long-run differences in labor market performance of workers joining start-ups instead of incumbent firms. Applying entropy balancing and following individuals over ten years, we find huge and long-lasting drawbacks from entering a start-up in terms of wages, yearly income, and (un)employment. These disadvantages hold for all groups of workers and types of start-ups analyzed. Although our analysis of different subsequent career paths highlights important heterogeneities, it does not reveal any strategy through which workers joining start-ups can catch up with the income of similar workers entering incumbent firms.
Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik
Zusammenfassung Die Mitbestimmung der Arbeitnehmer ist ein Eckpfeiler der betrieblichen Arbeitsbe... more Zusammenfassung Die Mitbestimmung der Arbeitnehmer ist ein Eckpfeiler der betrieblichen Arbeitsbeziehungen in Deutschland. Claus Schnabel verdeutlicht, dass Betriebsräte und andere Vertretungsorgane weniger verbreitet sind als oft angenommen. Theoretische Ansätze postulieren sowohl positive als auch negative Auswirkungen von Mitbestimmung auf Betriebe und Arbeitnehmer. Ein Überblick über die empirische Forschungsliteratur zeigt einerseits, dass Mitarbeiterpartizipation langfristig die betriebliche Produktivität erhöhen, die Personalpolitik verbessern und die Arbeitnehmerfluktuation verringern kann. Andererseits können Umverteilungseffekte nicht ausgeschlossen werden, da in Betrieben mit Betriebsrat die Entlohnung meist höher ausfällt als in anderen Betrieben. Ob damit auch ein Rückgang der Gewinne einhergeht, ist umstritten. Insgesamt wird deutlich, dass betriebliche Mitbestimmung weder der Fluch noch der Segen ist, als der ihre Gegner bzw. Befürworter sie gelegentlich hinstellen.
EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL
Kyklos
Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research pu... more Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.
Wirtschaftsdienst
Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch ge... more Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your personal and scholarly purposes. You are not to copy documents for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.
Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik
Trade unions and employers' associations, collective bargaining, and employee representation at t... more Trade unions and employers' associations, collective bargaining, and employee representation at the workplace are the cornerstones of industrial relations systems in many developed countries. Germany stands out as a country with powerful works councils and a high coverage rate of collective bargaining agreements, supported by encompassing interest groups of employees and employers and by the state. The German case and the perceived stability of its industrial relations regime have attracted considerable attention among researchers and politicians, which also has to do with the country's high productivity, comparably few strikes, and relatively minor employment problems. However, in recent years industrial relations in many countries have come under pressure. Increasing global competition, technological, demographic and organisational change, new forms of work, and other developments have challenged the traditional systems of industrial relations. Union membership and density have fallen in most developed countries (Schnabel 2013), whereas employers' associations have remained relatively stable (OECD 2017). Across OECD countries, the share of workers covered by a collective agreement has shrunk from 45 percent in 1985 to 33 percent in 2015 (OECD 2017: 126). What is more, in the EU more than one third of employees has no formal representation at the workplace in the form of a trade union, works council or similar committee and/or a health and safety committee (Eurofound 2016: 74). At the same time, industrial relations systems have tried to adapt and become more flexible, and there has been some kind of decentralization in many countries.
Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik
Using data from the representative IAB Establishment Panel, this paper charts changes in the two ... more Using data from the representative IAB Establishment Panel, this paper charts changes in the two main pillars of the German IR model over the last 20 years. It shows that collective bargaining coverage and worker representation via works councils have substantially fallen outside the public sector. Less formalized and weaker institutions such as voluntary orientation of uncovered firms towards sectoral agreements and alternative forms of employee representation at the work-place have partly attenuated the overall erosion in coverage. Multivariate analyses indicate that the traditional German IR model (with both collective agreements and works councils) is more likely found in larger and older plants, and it is less likely in plants managed by the owner, in single and foreign-owned plants, in individually-owned firms or partnerships, and in exporting plants. In contrast, more than 60 % of German plants did not exhibit bargaining coverage or orientation or any kind of worker represent...
Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik
European Sociological Review
ABSTRACT
Oxford Economic Papers
Presenteeism, i.e. attending work while sick, is widespread and associated with significant costs... more Presenteeism, i.e. attending work while sick, is widespread and associated with significant costs. Still, economic analyses of this phenomenon are rare. In a theoretical model, we show that presenteeism arises due to differences between workers in (health-related) disutility from workplace attendance. As these differences are unobservable by employers, they set wages that incentivise sick workers to attend work. Using a large representative German data set, we test several hypotheses derived from our model. In line with our predictions, we find that bad health status and stressful working conditions are positively related to presenteeism. Better dismissal protection, captured by higher tenure, is associated with slightly fewer presenteeism days, whereas the role of productivity and skills is inconclusive.
ILR Review, 2007
Theory suggests that firms confront a holdup problem in dealing with workplace unionism: unions w... more Theory suggests that firms confront a holdup problem in dealing with workplace unionism: unions will appropriate a portion of the quasi rents stemming from long-lived capital. As a result, firms may be expected to limit their exposure to rent seeking by reducing investments, among other things. Although there is some empirical support for this prediction in firm-level studies for the United States, we investigate whether this is also the case in the different institutional context of Germany where the works council is the analogue of workplace unionism. Using parametric and nonparametric methods and establishment panel data, we find no evidence that the formation (dissolution) of a works council has an unfavorable (favorable) impact on investment. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Theoretische Überlegungen deuten darauf hin, dass Firmen durch Arbeitnehmervertretungen auf Betriebsebene wie Gewerkschaften mit einem "hold-up"-Problem konfrontiert werden, da letztere sich einen Teil der Quasi-Renten aus langlebigen Kapitalinvestitionen aneignen können. Deshalb mögen die Firmen ihre Anfälligkeit für derartiges "rent seeking" dadurch verringern, dass sie ihre Investitionen zurückfahren. Während es für diese Hypothese empirische Bestätigungen durch Firmenstudien aus den USA gibt, untersuchen wir, ob dies auch in dem unterschiedlichen institutionellen Umfeld in Deutschland der Fall ist, wo statt Betriebsgewerkschaften Betriebsräte eine ähnliche Rolle spielen können. Unter Verwendung von parametrischen und nichtparametrischen Methoden sowie von Betriebspaneldaten finden wir keine empirischen Hinweise darauf, dass die Errichtung (bzw. Abschaffung) eines Betriebsrates einen negativen (bzw. positiven) Einfluss auf das betriebliche Investitionsverhalten hat.
Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 2006
SummaryUsing OLS and quantile regression methods and rich cross-section data sets for western and... more SummaryUsing OLS and quantile regression methods and rich cross-section data sets for western and eastern Germany, this paper demonstrates that the impact of works council presence on labor productivity varies between manufacturing and services, between plants that are or are not covered by collective bargaining, and along the conditional distribution of labor productivity. No productivity effects of works councils are found for the service sector and in manufacturing plants not covered by collective bargaining. Besides demonstrating that it is important to look at evidence based on more than one data set, our empirical findings point to the efficacy of supplementing OLS with quantile regression estimates when investigating the behavior of heterogeneous plants.
Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 2003
ZusammenfassungEine Auswertung repräsentativer Daten des IAB-Betriebspanels zeigt, dass im Jahr 2... more ZusammenfassungEine Auswertung repräsentativer Daten des IAB-Betriebspanels zeigt, dass im Jahr 2000 knapp die Hälfte der westdeutschen, aber nur gut ein Viertel der ostdeutschen Betriebe durch Flächenoder Firmentarifverträge gebunden waren, wobei die Flächentarifbindung in den letzten Jahren rückläufig war. Theoretische Erklärungen betonen u.a. die Bedeutung von Transaktionskostenaspekten und von verschiedenen mikro- und makroökonomischen Veränderungen. Ökonometrische Analysen zeigen, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Tarifbindung mit der Betriebsgröße und dem Anteil qualifizierter Mitarbeiter zunimmt. Filialbetriebe neigen häufiger, Einzelunternehmen und Personengesellschaften sowie jüngere Betriebe seltener zu tariflichen Regelungen. Größere Betriebe, Filialbetriebe und solche mit Betriebsrat ziehen sich auch seltener aus Flächentarifverträgen zurück.
Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 2009
SummaryUsing representative linked employer-employee data of the German Federal Employment Agency... more SummaryUsing representative linked employer-employee data of the German Federal Employment Agency, this paper analyzes to which extent full-time employees who earned low wages (less than two-thirds of the median wage) in 1998/99 were able to earn higher wages in the following years, and which factors play a role in this context. It is shown that just one out of seven of these low-wage earners was able to earn wages above the low wage threshold in 2005. Bivariate probit estimations with endogenous selection indicate that younger and better qualified low-wage earners record a higher probability of getting higher wages, whereas women are less successful. In addition, this probability shows a significant relationship with the size and the employment structure of the establishment. Moving from one establishment to another is an important instrument for leaving low-wage employment.
Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 2008
SummaryUsing data from the social survey ALLBUS for West Germany in the period 1980 to 2006, this... more SummaryUsing data from the social survey ALLBUS for West Germany in the period 1980 to 2006, this paper demonstrates that union members are on average older than non-unionized employees. The probability of being unionized shows the inverted U-shaped pattern in age conjectured by Blanchflower (BJIR 2007) only in very few years. It is demonstrated that both intra-cohort change and cohort replacement effects have played a roughly equal role in the substantial fall in union density since 1980. If older cohorts with high densities continue to be replaced by young cohorts with low densities, average union density will fall further.
Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 2016
Comparing aggregate statistics and surveying selected empirical studies, this paper shows that th... more Comparing aggregate statistics and surveying selected empirical studies, this paper shows that the characteristics and results of labour markets in eastern and western Germany have become quite similar in some respects but still differ markedly in others even 25 years after unification. Whereas no substantial differences can be detected in firms’ labour demand decisions and in employees’ representation via works councils or trade unions, both parts of the country are somewhat apart concerning labour supply behaviour, labour productivity, wages, and bargaining coverage, and they still exhibit substantially different rates of unemployment. These differences may reflect observable and unobservable characteristics of economic actors as well as differences in behaviour, norms, and individuals’ attitudes.
Wirtschaftsdienst, 2016
Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch ge... more Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your personal and scholarly purposes. You are not to copy documents for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.
WiSt - Wirtschaftswissenschaftliches Studium, 2001
Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik
Small Business Economics
Using representative linked employer-employee data for Germany, this paper analyzes short- and lo... more Using representative linked employer-employee data for Germany, this paper analyzes short- and long-run differences in labor market performance of workers joining start-ups instead of incumbent firms. Applying entropy balancing and following individuals over ten years, we find huge and long-lasting drawbacks from entering a start-up in terms of wages, yearly income, and (un)employment. These disadvantages hold for all groups of workers and types of start-ups analyzed. Although our analysis of different subsequent career paths highlights important heterogeneities, it does not reveal any strategy through which workers joining start-ups can catch up with the income of similar workers entering incumbent firms.
Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik
Zusammenfassung Die Mitbestimmung der Arbeitnehmer ist ein Eckpfeiler der betrieblichen Arbeitsbe... more Zusammenfassung Die Mitbestimmung der Arbeitnehmer ist ein Eckpfeiler der betrieblichen Arbeitsbeziehungen in Deutschland. Claus Schnabel verdeutlicht, dass Betriebsräte und andere Vertretungsorgane weniger verbreitet sind als oft angenommen. Theoretische Ansätze postulieren sowohl positive als auch negative Auswirkungen von Mitbestimmung auf Betriebe und Arbeitnehmer. Ein Überblick über die empirische Forschungsliteratur zeigt einerseits, dass Mitarbeiterpartizipation langfristig die betriebliche Produktivität erhöhen, die Personalpolitik verbessern und die Arbeitnehmerfluktuation verringern kann. Andererseits können Umverteilungseffekte nicht ausgeschlossen werden, da in Betrieben mit Betriebsrat die Entlohnung meist höher ausfällt als in anderen Betrieben. Ob damit auch ein Rückgang der Gewinne einhergeht, ist umstritten. Insgesamt wird deutlich, dass betriebliche Mitbestimmung weder der Fluch noch der Segen ist, als der ihre Gegner bzw. Befürworter sie gelegentlich hinstellen.
EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL
Kyklos
Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research pu... more Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.
Wirtschaftsdienst
Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch ge... more Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your personal and scholarly purposes. You are not to copy documents for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.
Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik
Trade unions and employers' associations, collective bargaining, and employee representation at t... more Trade unions and employers' associations, collective bargaining, and employee representation at the workplace are the cornerstones of industrial relations systems in many developed countries. Germany stands out as a country with powerful works councils and a high coverage rate of collective bargaining agreements, supported by encompassing interest groups of employees and employers and by the state. The German case and the perceived stability of its industrial relations regime have attracted considerable attention among researchers and politicians, which also has to do with the country's high productivity, comparably few strikes, and relatively minor employment problems. However, in recent years industrial relations in many countries have come under pressure. Increasing global competition, technological, demographic and organisational change, new forms of work, and other developments have challenged the traditional systems of industrial relations. Union membership and density have fallen in most developed countries (Schnabel 2013), whereas employers' associations have remained relatively stable (OECD 2017). Across OECD countries, the share of workers covered by a collective agreement has shrunk from 45 percent in 1985 to 33 percent in 2015 (OECD 2017: 126). What is more, in the EU more than one third of employees has no formal representation at the workplace in the form of a trade union, works council or similar committee and/or a health and safety committee (Eurofound 2016: 74). At the same time, industrial relations systems have tried to adapt and become more flexible, and there has been some kind of decentralization in many countries.
Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik
Using data from the representative IAB Establishment Panel, this paper charts changes in the two ... more Using data from the representative IAB Establishment Panel, this paper charts changes in the two main pillars of the German IR model over the last 20 years. It shows that collective bargaining coverage and worker representation via works councils have substantially fallen outside the public sector. Less formalized and weaker institutions such as voluntary orientation of uncovered firms towards sectoral agreements and alternative forms of employee representation at the work-place have partly attenuated the overall erosion in coverage. Multivariate analyses indicate that the traditional German IR model (with both collective agreements and works councils) is more likely found in larger and older plants, and it is less likely in plants managed by the owner, in single and foreign-owned plants, in individually-owned firms or partnerships, and in exporting plants. In contrast, more than 60 % of German plants did not exhibit bargaining coverage or orientation or any kind of worker represent...
Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik
European Sociological Review
ABSTRACT
Oxford Economic Papers
Presenteeism, i.e. attending work while sick, is widespread and associated with significant costs... more Presenteeism, i.e. attending work while sick, is widespread and associated with significant costs. Still, economic analyses of this phenomenon are rare. In a theoretical model, we show that presenteeism arises due to differences between workers in (health-related) disutility from workplace attendance. As these differences are unobservable by employers, they set wages that incentivise sick workers to attend work. Using a large representative German data set, we test several hypotheses derived from our model. In line with our predictions, we find that bad health status and stressful working conditions are positively related to presenteeism. Better dismissal protection, captured by higher tenure, is associated with slightly fewer presenteeism days, whereas the role of productivity and skills is inconclusive.
ILR Review, 2007
Theory suggests that firms confront a holdup problem in dealing with workplace unionism: unions w... more Theory suggests that firms confront a holdup problem in dealing with workplace unionism: unions will appropriate a portion of the quasi rents stemming from long-lived capital. As a result, firms may be expected to limit their exposure to rent seeking by reducing investments, among other things. Although there is some empirical support for this prediction in firm-level studies for the United States, we investigate whether this is also the case in the different institutional context of Germany where the works council is the analogue of workplace unionism. Using parametric and nonparametric methods and establishment panel data, we find no evidence that the formation (dissolution) of a works council has an unfavorable (favorable) impact on investment. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Theoretische Überlegungen deuten darauf hin, dass Firmen durch Arbeitnehmervertretungen auf Betriebsebene wie Gewerkschaften mit einem "hold-up"-Problem konfrontiert werden, da letztere sich einen Teil der Quasi-Renten aus langlebigen Kapitalinvestitionen aneignen können. Deshalb mögen die Firmen ihre Anfälligkeit für derartiges "rent seeking" dadurch verringern, dass sie ihre Investitionen zurückfahren. Während es für diese Hypothese empirische Bestätigungen durch Firmenstudien aus den USA gibt, untersuchen wir, ob dies auch in dem unterschiedlichen institutionellen Umfeld in Deutschland der Fall ist, wo statt Betriebsgewerkschaften Betriebsräte eine ähnliche Rolle spielen können. Unter Verwendung von parametrischen und nichtparametrischen Methoden sowie von Betriebspaneldaten finden wir keine empirischen Hinweise darauf, dass die Errichtung (bzw. Abschaffung) eines Betriebsrates einen negativen (bzw. positiven) Einfluss auf das betriebliche Investitionsverhalten hat.
Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 2006
SummaryUsing OLS and quantile regression methods and rich cross-section data sets for western and... more SummaryUsing OLS and quantile regression methods and rich cross-section data sets for western and eastern Germany, this paper demonstrates that the impact of works council presence on labor productivity varies between manufacturing and services, between plants that are or are not covered by collective bargaining, and along the conditional distribution of labor productivity. No productivity effects of works councils are found for the service sector and in manufacturing plants not covered by collective bargaining. Besides demonstrating that it is important to look at evidence based on more than one data set, our empirical findings point to the efficacy of supplementing OLS with quantile regression estimates when investigating the behavior of heterogeneous plants.
Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 2003
ZusammenfassungEine Auswertung repräsentativer Daten des IAB-Betriebspanels zeigt, dass im Jahr 2... more ZusammenfassungEine Auswertung repräsentativer Daten des IAB-Betriebspanels zeigt, dass im Jahr 2000 knapp die Hälfte der westdeutschen, aber nur gut ein Viertel der ostdeutschen Betriebe durch Flächenoder Firmentarifverträge gebunden waren, wobei die Flächentarifbindung in den letzten Jahren rückläufig war. Theoretische Erklärungen betonen u.a. die Bedeutung von Transaktionskostenaspekten und von verschiedenen mikro- und makroökonomischen Veränderungen. Ökonometrische Analysen zeigen, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Tarifbindung mit der Betriebsgröße und dem Anteil qualifizierter Mitarbeiter zunimmt. Filialbetriebe neigen häufiger, Einzelunternehmen und Personengesellschaften sowie jüngere Betriebe seltener zu tariflichen Regelungen. Größere Betriebe, Filialbetriebe und solche mit Betriebsrat ziehen sich auch seltener aus Flächentarifverträgen zurück.
Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 2009
SummaryUsing representative linked employer-employee data of the German Federal Employment Agency... more SummaryUsing representative linked employer-employee data of the German Federal Employment Agency, this paper analyzes to which extent full-time employees who earned low wages (less than two-thirds of the median wage) in 1998/99 were able to earn higher wages in the following years, and which factors play a role in this context. It is shown that just one out of seven of these low-wage earners was able to earn wages above the low wage threshold in 2005. Bivariate probit estimations with endogenous selection indicate that younger and better qualified low-wage earners record a higher probability of getting higher wages, whereas women are less successful. In addition, this probability shows a significant relationship with the size and the employment structure of the establishment. Moving from one establishment to another is an important instrument for leaving low-wage employment.
Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 2008
SummaryUsing data from the social survey ALLBUS for West Germany in the period 1980 to 2006, this... more SummaryUsing data from the social survey ALLBUS for West Germany in the period 1980 to 2006, this paper demonstrates that union members are on average older than non-unionized employees. The probability of being unionized shows the inverted U-shaped pattern in age conjectured by Blanchflower (BJIR 2007) only in very few years. It is demonstrated that both intra-cohort change and cohort replacement effects have played a roughly equal role in the substantial fall in union density since 1980. If older cohorts with high densities continue to be replaced by young cohorts with low densities, average union density will fall further.
Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 2016
Comparing aggregate statistics and surveying selected empirical studies, this paper shows that th... more Comparing aggregate statistics and surveying selected empirical studies, this paper shows that the characteristics and results of labour markets in eastern and western Germany have become quite similar in some respects but still differ markedly in others even 25 years after unification. Whereas no substantial differences can be detected in firms’ labour demand decisions and in employees’ representation via works councils or trade unions, both parts of the country are somewhat apart concerning labour supply behaviour, labour productivity, wages, and bargaining coverage, and they still exhibit substantially different rates of unemployment. These differences may reflect observable and unobservable characteristics of economic actors as well as differences in behaviour, norms, and individuals’ attitudes.
Wirtschaftsdienst, 2016
Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch ge... more Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your personal and scholarly purposes. You are not to copy documents for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.
WiSt - Wirtschaftswissenschaftliches Studium, 2001