Juraj Pavuk | Comenius University (original) (raw)
Books by Juraj Pavuk
The world of the first farmers and rondel builders. Studies on the Neolithic cultures in western Slovakia, 2024
Slovakia as a small country in the centre of Europe, with area of approx. 50,000 km2, is geomorph... more Slovakia as a small country in the centre of Europe, with area of approx. 50,000 km2, is geomorphologically and culturally divided into the flat and hilly western and more rugged eastern Slovakia. Northern and part of central Slovakia are covered with mountain ranges. With the exception of the Late Linear Culture settlement in the Váh river valley between the Vysoké Tatry and Nízke Tatry mountain ranges and in Spiš, these mountainous areas of Slovakia were uninhabited until the Eneolithic. Western Slovakia and the development in the northern part of western Hungary were a cultural unit – in the Linear Pottery culture period as well as in the course of the following Lengyel culture. Eastern Slovakia belonged to the Tisza river basin in terms of hydrology, and culturally, it was part of the Neolithic cultures in the territories north of the Körös river. Southern parts of central Slovakia were culturally associated with development at the hills of northern Hungary. The geomorphological and cultural duality of Slovakia in the Neolithic requires separate investigation of settlement in eastern and western Slovakia. The chapter on origin of the Neolithic and spreading of the Neolithic way of life from the Near East through Anatolia and southeastern Europe uses results of our own investigation in Bulgaria (Pavúk 2016; Pavúk/Bakamska 2021) to suggest the trajectory of arrival of production economy in central Europe – by diffusion rather than by migration and colonization of populations. The assumed migration waves cannot be synchronized with the archaeologically defined autonomous Neolithic cultures from Anatolia to central Europe. The archaeological cultures from the Anatolian Plateau to central Europe documented by sequences, such as Çatal Höyük, Hacilar, Ulucak and Demircihüyük in western Turkey, Protosesklo – Sesklo – Dimini in Thessaly, Nea Nikomedeia A and B in Macedonia, Hoca Çeşme and Karanovo in Thracia, Protostarčevo – Starčevo in southern and Danubian Balkans extending to southern Hungary and finally, in the northern Carpathian basin, two Linear Pottery cultures, evolved continuously in the whole Neolithic within geographically delimited territories without being homogenized by any migrating populations. Around 6400 BC, the climate and ecological conditions near the Aegean Sea allowed expansion of production economy and the Neolithic way of life to the Balkans and central Europe.
Slovenská archeológia , 2021
For the first time, this book presents the entire results of the long-term excavations at the Ear... more For the first time, this book presents the entire results of the long-term excavations at the Early Neolithic tell site Gălăbnik in the Struma/Strymon Valley in western Bulgaria. At the tell, a total of ten building horizons of the Gălăbnik group of the Protostarčevo culture and the classical Starčevo culture were documented. After the description and classification of the features and finds, the position of the tell settlement within the Neolithic of the Central Balkans is investigated and defined. In addition, the four regional groups of the Protostarčevo culture, as well as the Starčevo culture itself, are culturally and territorially re-examined and re-structured. Finally, the authors deal with questions on the genesis and chronology of the Neolithic cultures in Southeast Europe.
Book Chapters by Juraj Pavuk
P. Bickle, A. Whittle (eds) 2013,: The first farmers in central Europe: diversity in LBK lifeways
Papers by Juraj Pavuk
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2021
This paper aims to explore gender diversity and sexual division of labour at the beginning of far... more This paper aims to explore gender diversity and sexual division of labour at the beginning of farming through the study of one of the earliest Linearbandkeramik cemeteries in Central Europe: Nitra (Slovakia). This topic is addressed by bringing out the nuance of the buried individuals' lifeways and taskways. Use-wear studies have been undertaken on both ground and flaked stone instruments deposited as grave goods, thus generating new data about the activities performed using these tools. The relationships between the artefact function and the buried individuals' sex, age, and health condition have been addressed together with the isotopic and physical activity information related to the inhumated diet and mobility. Our results suggest a schema in which biological sex played a key role in task, lifeways, and grave goods differentiation. These differences, however, presented significant overlaps, suggesting that biological sex was not all encompassing and that internal variati...
Archaologisches Korrespondenzblatt, 1994
Pravěk NR 29, 2021
After excavating the Santovka settlement, the synchronization of the horizon of Santovka – the ph... more After excavating the Santovka settlement, the synchronization of the horizon of Santovka – the phase MMK Ib of Moravian Painted Ware and the phase MOG Ib of Moravian-Austrian Lengyel culture in Slovakia, Moravia, and Austria – was determined in particular according to the ceramic ornament. In western Hungary, settlements from that horizon were still unknown. Only the exclusive new results of large-scale excavation at the Alsónyék-Bátaszék site in south-eastern Transdanubia demonstrated the settlement of a similar phase of Lengyel culture also in this part of Hungary. According to the house plans, burials on the settlement, cubus-shaped jars, and anthropomorphic sculptures, this settlement complex can be synchronized with the Santovka phase in Slovakia and thus with development in Moravia (MMK Ib) and Lower Austria (MOG Ib). In Hungary, north of Balaton Lake, this horizon is unknown. The text discusses the question of the duration and synchronisation of burial sites on the Alsónyék site, where ceramics equivalent to Lengyel II and III stages in Slovakia, Moravia and Austria is missing. According to relative chronology, non of the burial sites could be contemporary with the Tiszapolgár group in Tisza region.
Živá archeologie 20 , 1918
Summary Balkans – Carpathian Basin – Bohemia: cultural-chronological system in the Neolithic This... more Summary
Balkans – Carpathian Basin – Bohemia:
cultural-chronological system
in the Neolithic
This contribution deals with the problematic
thousand-year delay in the Neolithisation
of the Bohemian Massive in comparison to
South-East Europe and the Balkans and its relation
to the Carpathian Basin during further
development of Neolithic cultures. The territory
of Bohemia represents a unique geomorphological
formation which drains into the
North Sea and therefore does not have any
natural connecting corridors to the Danube
basin which is reflected in the uniqueness of
the development of its Neolithic cultures. The
early Linear Pottery culture only penetrated
into Bohemia from Central Moravia during
the Milanovce phase of Vinča A culture, after
the demise of Starčevo culture in the Balkans.
The Linear Pottery culture formed while in
the contact with Starčevo culture in the Carpathian
Basin and spread to Bohemia only
after Bíňa phase with a delay of two to three
ceramic phases, probably after more than
hundred years. Linear Pottery culture in Bohemia
progressed in its own way without any
visible contacts with further developments in
the Carpathian Basin. The Želiezovce group,
which formed in the Carpathian Basin was
orientated towards the Balkans and did not
have a material response in Moravia and Bohemia.
The Stroked Ware culture arose through
continual transformation from the Linear
Pottery culture without any evidence of influence
from the Carpathian Basin, where at
the same time the new Lengyel culture formed
from the Želiezovce group basis in the contact
with the Vinča – Pločnik culture. From Transdanubia
through Lower Austria the Lengyel
culture spread by migration into the territory
of the Stroked Ware culture first to South and
Later Central Moravia and Silesia without reaching
Bohemia with the same intensity. Pottery
imports though show evidence of mutual
relationship between Lengyel and Stroked
Ware culture in the Protolengyel phase. Apart
from new types of pottery and anthropomorphic
sculptures, large two-space post-built
houses with a loft were a fundamental innovation
of the Lengyel culture. The roof was
constructed above a ceiling which allowed for
the dropping of the inner triple posts used for
centuries in the houses of Linear Pottery or stroked
Ware cultures. Houses with a loft were
built to this typical design after the StK IVb
phase in Central Moravia (Hulín) and during
the Lengyel II phase with typical white painted
ware. In Bohemia a house with a loft was
found in Postoloprty from the time after the
demise of stroked ware, about 300 years after
the time of building of houses with a loft in
the Carpathian Basin. With a delay of about
200 years roundels spread into Bohemia and
also elsewhere west of the Carpathian Basin.
On the Bohemia territory only the final stage
of Jordanovská group in the phase Epilengyel/
Lengyel IV is connected to Lengyel culture
within the global cultural transformation
towards the Aeneolithic – the Copper Age. Neolithic
cultures in Bohemia were from the beginning
developing within the context of the
cultures of West-central Europe without any
direct connections with the Carpathian and
Danubian Basins. Starting with the early Linear
culture innovations from the Balkans and
Carpathian Basin spread into Bohemia in a reduced
range from Moravia via contacts with
peoples of neighbouring regions. The settlements
in Tolna and Szederkény with pottery
of both of Vinča A and Early Linear culture in
Hungary show the co-existence of hybrid populations
on the borders of two archaeological
cultures without any migration into the core
territory of either. This could have been one
of the ways innovations spread without demic
diffusion. The Neolithic civilisation advancing
from Anatolia into the Balkans and from there
northwards, encountered regions with their
own cultural identity and their own territorial
and chronological thresholds, which were
overcome after a delay of one to two hundred
years. The preceramic settlement of Ulucak
IV is dated by AMS data to 6760 – 6600 and
its ceramic period started after 6400 cal. BC.
At the same time occupation sites in the Balkans
using monochrome ware started. Around
6200 cal. BC. Protosesklo and Protostarčevo
cultures with painted ware in south-east Europe
appeared. About 200 hundred years later
after another transformation during the first
third of the sixth millennium BC there are Sesklo
culture in Thessalia and Starčevo in the
Balkans (Pavúk 2016). Linear pottery culture
originated in the Carpathian Basin from contact
with developments in the Balkans (Pavúk
2014). So it is that between the preceramic occupation
in Ulucak in western Turkey and the
Linear Pottery culture in central Europe, with
absolute dates around 5670 – 5450 BC (Brunn
am Gebirge), there is a chronological distance
of around 1000 years.
The Image of Divinity in the Neolithic and Eneolithic , 2018
The results of archaeological investigations at the Gălăbnik tell settlement and at other settlem... more The results of archaeological investigations at the Gălăbnik tell settlement and
at other settlements in Southwestern Bulgaria allow us to broaden and modify the
interpretation of cultural, genetic, chronological and territorial relations of Neolithic
cultures in the Balkans. The Starčevo culture in the southern central Balkans (groups
Kremikovci, Anzabegovo-Vršnik II-IV) has gradually emerged from the Protostarčevo
culture comprised of the Gălăbnik, Slatina, Nevestino and Anzabegovo-Vršnik I groups,
without any influence from northern regions. The Protostarčevo including the Donja
Branjevina, Grivac and Gura Baciului groups as defined by Dragoslav Srejović is
younger than the Protostarčevo culture in the southern central Balkans and represents
already the early phase of the Starčevo culture.
According to the stratigraphy in Gălăbnik, the Protostarčevo anthropomorphic figurines
differs from the Starčevo figurines and is not to be found on sites in the area along the
Danube. On the contrary, the main types of human figurines of the Protostarčevo culture
groups give us an evidence of correspondence and relationships with figurines of the
Protosesklo culture. Anthropomorphic figurines from the Starčevo settlement in Gălăbnik
differs considerably from the typical Starčevo figurines found in the area along the
Danube as well as from the figurines of the Körös group. Based on these facts it follows
that each regional Starčevo group as well as other parallel cultures and culture groups
had, apart from specific pottery, also their own unique types of anthropomorphic
figurines
Cernavoda III - Boleráz, 2001
Acta musei napocensis , 1995
Rozširuje, objednávky a predplatné aj do zahraničia prijíma Archeologický ústav SAV, Akademická 2... more Rozširuje, objednávky a predplatné aj do zahraničia prijíma Archeologický ústav SAV, Akademická 2, 949 21 Nitra
The world of the first farmers and rondel builders. Studies on the Neolithic cultures in western Slovakia, 2024
Slovakia as a small country in the centre of Europe, with area of approx. 50,000 km2, is geomorph... more Slovakia as a small country in the centre of Europe, with area of approx. 50,000 km2, is geomorphologically and culturally divided into the flat and hilly western and more rugged eastern Slovakia. Northern and part of central Slovakia are covered with mountain ranges. With the exception of the Late Linear Culture settlement in the Váh river valley between the Vysoké Tatry and Nízke Tatry mountain ranges and in Spiš, these mountainous areas of Slovakia were uninhabited until the Eneolithic. Western Slovakia and the development in the northern part of western Hungary were a cultural unit – in the Linear Pottery culture period as well as in the course of the following Lengyel culture. Eastern Slovakia belonged to the Tisza river basin in terms of hydrology, and culturally, it was part of the Neolithic cultures in the territories north of the Körös river. Southern parts of central Slovakia were culturally associated with development at the hills of northern Hungary. The geomorphological and cultural duality of Slovakia in the Neolithic requires separate investigation of settlement in eastern and western Slovakia. The chapter on origin of the Neolithic and spreading of the Neolithic way of life from the Near East through Anatolia and southeastern Europe uses results of our own investigation in Bulgaria (Pavúk 2016; Pavúk/Bakamska 2021) to suggest the trajectory of arrival of production economy in central Europe – by diffusion rather than by migration and colonization of populations. The assumed migration waves cannot be synchronized with the archaeologically defined autonomous Neolithic cultures from Anatolia to central Europe. The archaeological cultures from the Anatolian Plateau to central Europe documented by sequences, such as Çatal Höyük, Hacilar, Ulucak and Demircihüyük in western Turkey, Protosesklo – Sesklo – Dimini in Thessaly, Nea Nikomedeia A and B in Macedonia, Hoca Çeşme and Karanovo in Thracia, Protostarčevo – Starčevo in southern and Danubian Balkans extending to southern Hungary and finally, in the northern Carpathian basin, two Linear Pottery cultures, evolved continuously in the whole Neolithic within geographically delimited territories without being homogenized by any migrating populations. Around 6400 BC, the climate and ecological conditions near the Aegean Sea allowed expansion of production economy and the Neolithic way of life to the Balkans and central Europe.
Slovenská archeológia , 2021
For the first time, this book presents the entire results of the long-term excavations at the Ear... more For the first time, this book presents the entire results of the long-term excavations at the Early Neolithic tell site Gălăbnik in the Struma/Strymon Valley in western Bulgaria. At the tell, a total of ten building horizons of the Gălăbnik group of the Protostarčevo culture and the classical Starčevo culture were documented. After the description and classification of the features and finds, the position of the tell settlement within the Neolithic of the Central Balkans is investigated and defined. In addition, the four regional groups of the Protostarčevo culture, as well as the Starčevo culture itself, are culturally and territorially re-examined and re-structured. Finally, the authors deal with questions on the genesis and chronology of the Neolithic cultures in Southeast Europe.
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2021
This paper aims to explore gender diversity and sexual division of labour at the beginning of far... more This paper aims to explore gender diversity and sexual division of labour at the beginning of farming through the study of one of the earliest Linearbandkeramik cemeteries in Central Europe: Nitra (Slovakia). This topic is addressed by bringing out the nuance of the buried individuals' lifeways and taskways. Use-wear studies have been undertaken on both ground and flaked stone instruments deposited as grave goods, thus generating new data about the activities performed using these tools. The relationships between the artefact function and the buried individuals' sex, age, and health condition have been addressed together with the isotopic and physical activity information related to the inhumated diet and mobility. Our results suggest a schema in which biological sex played a key role in task, lifeways, and grave goods differentiation. These differences, however, presented significant overlaps, suggesting that biological sex was not all encompassing and that internal variati...
Archaologisches Korrespondenzblatt, 1994
Pravěk NR 29, 2021
After excavating the Santovka settlement, the synchronization of the horizon of Santovka – the ph... more After excavating the Santovka settlement, the synchronization of the horizon of Santovka – the phase MMK Ib of Moravian Painted Ware and the phase MOG Ib of Moravian-Austrian Lengyel culture in Slovakia, Moravia, and Austria – was determined in particular according to the ceramic ornament. In western Hungary, settlements from that horizon were still unknown. Only the exclusive new results of large-scale excavation at the Alsónyék-Bátaszék site in south-eastern Transdanubia demonstrated the settlement of a similar phase of Lengyel culture also in this part of Hungary. According to the house plans, burials on the settlement, cubus-shaped jars, and anthropomorphic sculptures, this settlement complex can be synchronized with the Santovka phase in Slovakia and thus with development in Moravia (MMK Ib) and Lower Austria (MOG Ib). In Hungary, north of Balaton Lake, this horizon is unknown. The text discusses the question of the duration and synchronisation of burial sites on the Alsónyék site, where ceramics equivalent to Lengyel II and III stages in Slovakia, Moravia and Austria is missing. According to relative chronology, non of the burial sites could be contemporary with the Tiszapolgár group in Tisza region.
Živá archeologie 20 , 1918
Summary Balkans – Carpathian Basin – Bohemia: cultural-chronological system in the Neolithic This... more Summary
Balkans – Carpathian Basin – Bohemia:
cultural-chronological system
in the Neolithic
This contribution deals with the problematic
thousand-year delay in the Neolithisation
of the Bohemian Massive in comparison to
South-East Europe and the Balkans and its relation
to the Carpathian Basin during further
development of Neolithic cultures. The territory
of Bohemia represents a unique geomorphological
formation which drains into the
North Sea and therefore does not have any
natural connecting corridors to the Danube
basin which is reflected in the uniqueness of
the development of its Neolithic cultures. The
early Linear Pottery culture only penetrated
into Bohemia from Central Moravia during
the Milanovce phase of Vinča A culture, after
the demise of Starčevo culture in the Balkans.
The Linear Pottery culture formed while in
the contact with Starčevo culture in the Carpathian
Basin and spread to Bohemia only
after Bíňa phase with a delay of two to three
ceramic phases, probably after more than
hundred years. Linear Pottery culture in Bohemia
progressed in its own way without any
visible contacts with further developments in
the Carpathian Basin. The Želiezovce group,
which formed in the Carpathian Basin was
orientated towards the Balkans and did not
have a material response in Moravia and Bohemia.
The Stroked Ware culture arose through
continual transformation from the Linear
Pottery culture without any evidence of influence
from the Carpathian Basin, where at
the same time the new Lengyel culture formed
from the Želiezovce group basis in the contact
with the Vinča – Pločnik culture. From Transdanubia
through Lower Austria the Lengyel
culture spread by migration into the territory
of the Stroked Ware culture first to South and
Later Central Moravia and Silesia without reaching
Bohemia with the same intensity. Pottery
imports though show evidence of mutual
relationship between Lengyel and Stroked
Ware culture in the Protolengyel phase. Apart
from new types of pottery and anthropomorphic
sculptures, large two-space post-built
houses with a loft were a fundamental innovation
of the Lengyel culture. The roof was
constructed above a ceiling which allowed for
the dropping of the inner triple posts used for
centuries in the houses of Linear Pottery or stroked
Ware cultures. Houses with a loft were
built to this typical design after the StK IVb
phase in Central Moravia (Hulín) and during
the Lengyel II phase with typical white painted
ware. In Bohemia a house with a loft was
found in Postoloprty from the time after the
demise of stroked ware, about 300 years after
the time of building of houses with a loft in
the Carpathian Basin. With a delay of about
200 years roundels spread into Bohemia and
also elsewhere west of the Carpathian Basin.
On the Bohemia territory only the final stage
of Jordanovská group in the phase Epilengyel/
Lengyel IV is connected to Lengyel culture
within the global cultural transformation
towards the Aeneolithic – the Copper Age. Neolithic
cultures in Bohemia were from the beginning
developing within the context of the
cultures of West-central Europe without any
direct connections with the Carpathian and
Danubian Basins. Starting with the early Linear
culture innovations from the Balkans and
Carpathian Basin spread into Bohemia in a reduced
range from Moravia via contacts with
peoples of neighbouring regions. The settlements
in Tolna and Szederkény with pottery
of both of Vinča A and Early Linear culture in
Hungary show the co-existence of hybrid populations
on the borders of two archaeological
cultures without any migration into the core
territory of either. This could have been one
of the ways innovations spread without demic
diffusion. The Neolithic civilisation advancing
from Anatolia into the Balkans and from there
northwards, encountered regions with their
own cultural identity and their own territorial
and chronological thresholds, which were
overcome after a delay of one to two hundred
years. The preceramic settlement of Ulucak
IV is dated by AMS data to 6760 – 6600 and
its ceramic period started after 6400 cal. BC.
At the same time occupation sites in the Balkans
using monochrome ware started. Around
6200 cal. BC. Protosesklo and Protostarčevo
cultures with painted ware in south-east Europe
appeared. About 200 hundred years later
after another transformation during the first
third of the sixth millennium BC there are Sesklo
culture in Thessalia and Starčevo in the
Balkans (Pavúk 2016). Linear pottery culture
originated in the Carpathian Basin from contact
with developments in the Balkans (Pavúk
2014). So it is that between the preceramic occupation
in Ulucak in western Turkey and the
Linear Pottery culture in central Europe, with
absolute dates around 5670 – 5450 BC (Brunn
am Gebirge), there is a chronological distance
of around 1000 years.
The Image of Divinity in the Neolithic and Eneolithic , 2018
The results of archaeological investigations at the Gălăbnik tell settlement and at other settlem... more The results of archaeological investigations at the Gălăbnik tell settlement and
at other settlements in Southwestern Bulgaria allow us to broaden and modify the
interpretation of cultural, genetic, chronological and territorial relations of Neolithic
cultures in the Balkans. The Starčevo culture in the southern central Balkans (groups
Kremikovci, Anzabegovo-Vršnik II-IV) has gradually emerged from the Protostarčevo
culture comprised of the Gălăbnik, Slatina, Nevestino and Anzabegovo-Vršnik I groups,
without any influence from northern regions. The Protostarčevo including the Donja
Branjevina, Grivac and Gura Baciului groups as defined by Dragoslav Srejović is
younger than the Protostarčevo culture in the southern central Balkans and represents
already the early phase of the Starčevo culture.
According to the stratigraphy in Gălăbnik, the Protostarčevo anthropomorphic figurines
differs from the Starčevo figurines and is not to be found on sites in the area along the
Danube. On the contrary, the main types of human figurines of the Protostarčevo culture
groups give us an evidence of correspondence and relationships with figurines of the
Protosesklo culture. Anthropomorphic figurines from the Starčevo settlement in Gălăbnik
differs considerably from the typical Starčevo figurines found in the area along the
Danube as well as from the figurines of the Körös group. Based on these facts it follows
that each regional Starčevo group as well as other parallel cultures and culture groups
had, apart from specific pottery, also their own unique types of anthropomorphic
figurines
Cernavoda III - Boleráz, 2001
Acta musei napocensis , 1995
Rozširuje, objednávky a predplatné aj do zahraničia prijíma Archeologický ústav SAV, Akademická 2... more Rozširuje, objednávky a predplatné aj do zahraničia prijíma Archeologický ústav SAV, Akademická 2, 949 21 Nitra
CASOPIS ARCHEOLOGICKEHO ÜSTAVU SLOVENSKEJ AKADEMIE VIED V NITRE REDAKTOR BOHUSLA V CHROPOVSKY Vyc... more CASOPIS ARCHEOLOGICKEHO ÜSTAVU SLOVENSKEJ AKADEMIE VIED V NITRE REDAKTOR BOHUSLA V CHROPOVSKY Vychadza dva razy do roka, stran 480, rocne predplatne Kcs 150,-Redakcia: Archeologicky ustav Slovenskej akademie vied, 94921 Nitra-Hrad SLOVENSKA ARCH EOLOGIA >K YPHA Jl YlHCHlTYTA APXEOJlOrYll1 CJlOBAUKOPl AKAllEMYIYI HAYK B HYlTPE PEllAKTOP 50rYCJlAB XPOnOBCKYI BblXOKHT ABi! pa3il Il rOl l Ha 480 -TH CTpaHl1uax , nO A IlI1CHa51 u e Ha K4C 150,-P e /! 3 Klll151: Archeolog icky ustav Slovenske j akademie vied, 94921 Nitra-Hrad SLOVENSKA ARCHEOLOGIA ZEITSCHRIFT DES ARCHÄOLOGISCHEN INSTITUTES DER SLOWAKICHEN AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN IN NITRA SCHRIFTLEITER BOHUSLA V CHROPOVSKY Erscheint zweimal jährlich auf 480 Seiten, Bezugspreis Kcs 150,-Redaktion: Archeologicky ustav S!ovenskej akademie vied, 949 21 Nitra-Hrad SLOVENSKA ARCHEOLÖGIA XXVIII-I, 1980 Hla vny redaktor BOHUSLAV CHROPOVSKY Redakcn a rad a Vojtech Budinsky -Kricka, Jan Dekan, J an Filip, Alojz H abovst iak, Josef P oulik, Miroslav Richter, Ale xa nder Ruttkay, Mi roslav Stepanek, Jozef Vlada r , ~ SLOVENSKA ARCHEOLÖGIA ROCNfK XXVIII CiSLO 1
Der Beitrag ist einigen Korrekturen bei der Nomenklatur und Gliederung der Lengyel-Kultur mit be... more Der Beitrag ist einigen Korrekturen bei der Nomenklatur und Gliederung der Lengyel-Kultur mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Südwestslowakei und Mährens gewidmet. Nach der neuen Definition der Stufe Lengyel III zeigt sich die Möglichkeit, die nachfolgende Entwicklung der Lengyel-Kultur als eine kulturhistorische Einheit – Epilengyel/Lengyel IV – zu beurteilen. Diese umschließt die folgenden Gruppen: Balaton-Lasinja, Ludanice, Bisamberg-Oberpullendorf (einschl. Typ Wolfsbach) und Jordansmühl. In den Frühabschnitten dieser Gruppen kommen Keramikformen vor, die aus der klassischen Lengyel-Kultur überlebten, und erstmals erscheinen neue Gefäßformen, die später für den klassischen Zeitabschnitt der genannten Gruppen typisch sind. Das Epilengyel/Lengyel IV ist mit der Gruppe Tiszapolgár-Bodrogkeresztúr synchronisierbar, und gemeinsam bedeuten sie den Beginn des Äneolithikums in Mitteleuropa.
This article deals with some corrections to the nomenclature and classification of the Lengyel culture, focusing on southwestern Slovakia and Moravia. The new definition of the Lengyel III stage enables us to see the later development of this culture as one cultural-historical unit labelled Epilengyel/Lengyel IV. This stage includes the cultural groups of Balaton-Lasinja, Ludanice, Bisamberg-Oberpullendorf (including the Wolfsbach Type) and Jordanów. The ceramic repertoire of the early phases of these groups consists of shapes surviving from the preceding classical stage of the Lengyel culture, together with the a number of new ones, which later become typical. The Epilengyel/Lengyel IV culture can be synchronized with the Tiszapolgár-Bodrokeresztúr group of the Tisza region, together describing the beginning of the Eneolithic in Central Europe.