Paola Russo | Università degli Studi "La Sapienza" di Roma (original) (raw)
Papers by Paola Russo
Energies, 2020
Failure of a pipeline carrying gaseous hydrogen can have several effects, some of which can pose ... more Failure of a pipeline carrying gaseous hydrogen can have several effects, some of which can pose a significant threat of harm to people and damage to buildings in its immediate proximity. This paper presents a probabilistic risk assessment procedure for the estimation of damage to people and buildings endangered by high-pressure hydrogen pipeline explosions. Such a procedure provides an evaluation of annual probability of damage to people and buildings under an extreme event using a combination of the conditional probability of damage triggered by an explosion and the probability that the explosion occurs as a consequence of the pipeline failure. The release of hydrogen is simulated using the LimitState:SLAB model and the size of the hydrogen-air cloud in the flammability range is evaluated, then overpressure and impulse generated by the blast are evaluated through the Netherland Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) model, while explosion effects on people and building...
Dust explosions pose a serious hazard to both personnel and equipment in industries that handles ... more Dust explosions pose a serious hazard to both personnel and equipment in industries that handles combustible powders. Although prevention and mitigation technology of dust explosions has progressed greatly, continual accidents in the process industries demonstrate the need for improved knowledge in this area (Mercan, 2016; Russo et al., 2017). On July 16, 2007, a primary explosion followed by secondary explosions happened in the Cordero mill (Italy) and 5 persons died (Marmo et al., 2012). The accident occurred at the end of the loading operation of a tanker, when a surplus of flour was overcharged. This extra amount was then pneumatically conveyed to a silo placed in the flour-warehouses, by connecting the tanker to the pneumatic transport line through one of the tanker hoses. The flour was loaded at a low flow rate, and hence a low concentration of flour in the duct occurred. The source of ignition of the dust cloud was attributed to an electrostatic arc that took place in the pne...
Chemical engineering transactions, 2018
The Directive 2014/94/UE (DAFI, Alternative Fuel Initiative Directive) on the deployment of alter... more The Directive 2014/94/UE (DAFI, Alternative Fuel Initiative Directive) on the deployment of alternative fuels (i.e. hydrogen) infrastructures has been recently transposed into national law in Italy. Consequently, the technical regulation on fire prevention for H2 fuelling stations has been updated, in order to consider the current maximum delivery pressure (700 bar) of gaseous hydrogen for road vehicles. This technical regulation establishes the prescriptive safety distance from a piece of equipment. In the case of a new station, an assessment of the frequency of the event and its potential consequences is necessary. This is to understand which risk can reasonably be mitigated by a safety distance or whether additional mitigation or prevention measures should be taken. This paper presents the quantitative risk assessment (QRA) study on a hydrogen station planned to be installed, study which aims at determining the safety distances. Such study utilizes the Sandia-developed QRA tool, ...
Chemical engineering transactions, 2015
The non-alcoholic beverage industry is influenced by the trend of the consumers towards healthier... more The non-alcoholic beverage industry is influenced by the trend of the consumers towards healthier diets and added convenience and greater health benefits in their beverage choices. With the world’s changing approach to alcohol, operators need to find new beverages respect to the alcoholic ones. An alternative consists in the development of beverages similar to those alcoholic, but free of the negative effects of alcohol. Among various techniques for alcohol removal, evaporative pertraction is a simple and inexpensive process due to operating parameters and to the s tripping agent (generally water) used. We previously applied this technique to the dealcoholization of a lager beer, but a depletion of volatile compounds was observed. In this work we aim at producing a craft beer with reduced alcohol content (less than 1.2%vol) and with good quality. In order to limit aroma compound loss, evaporative pertraction using carbonated hydroalcoholic solutions as stripping agents, instead of w...
Chemical engineering transactions, 2015
Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) is a Solanaceous deciduous shrub that grows in China, Tibet and other p... more Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) is a Solanaceous deciduous shrub that grows in China, Tibet and other parts of Asia. Nowadays, goji berries are known as being very rich in nutrients with high antioxidant capacity, fact for which they were included in the novel category of “superfruits”. Goji berries contain high amounts of antioxidants, carotenoids, vitamin A and zeaxanthin. Most of goji berries produced are dried because they are very delicate fruits. Drying process improves fruit stability, since it decreases considerably the water activity of the food, reduces microbiological and enzymatic activity and minimizes physical and chemical reactions during storage. However, drying of goji berries can be difficult due to the wax layer surrounding the fruit and the health properties may be reduced by long exposure to high temperatures.In this study, a physical wax abrasive pretreatment was used to carefully remove the wax layer and reduce drying time. The abrasion of the goji peel was carried ...
Chemical engineering transactions, 2015
Characterization of Pears During Drying by Conventional Technique and Portable non Invasive NMR G... more Characterization of Pears During Drying by Conventional Technique and Portable non Invasive NMR Giuseppina Adiletta, Paola Russo, Noemi Proietti, Donatella Capitani, Luisa Mannina, Alessio Crescitelli , Marisa Di Matteo Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Roma, Italy Laboratorio di Risonanza Magnetica “Annalaura Segre”, Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, CNR,via Salaria Km 29,300 00015 Monterotondo (Rm) Italy Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Italy IMM-CNR Via Pietro Castellino 111,80131 Napoli, Italy paola.russo@uniroma1.it
Paola Russoa*, Cinzia Di Barib, Michele Mazzaroc , Armando De Rosac, Ilario Morriellod a Dipartim... more Paola Russoa*, Cinzia Di Barib, Michele Mazzaroc , Armando De Rosac, Ilario Morriellod a Dipartimento Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy b Laboratorio Sistemi e Tecnologie per la Mobilità e l’Accumulo, ENEA DTE-PCU-STMA, CR Casaccia, Roma, Italy c Direzione Centrale per la Prevenzione e la Sicurezza Tecnica, Nucleo Investigativo Antincendi, Roma, Italy d Squadra di Pronto Intervento del CR Casaccia, ENEA ISER-CAS-SPI, CR Casaccia, Roma, Italy paola.russo@uniroma1.it
Foods, 2021
A multidisciplinary protocol is proposed to monitor the preservation of fresh pumpkin samples (FP... more A multidisciplinary protocol is proposed to monitor the preservation of fresh pumpkin samples (FP) using three commercial polymeric films: A made of biodegradable cellophane from regenerated cellulose pulp; B from corn starch, cassava and eucalyptus, C made of polylactic acid from corn starch, and a polyethylene film used as reference (REF). Chemical, mechanical and microbiological analyses were applied on packaging and fresh and packaged samples at different times. After an 11-day period, NMR spectroscopy results showed a sucrose increase and a malic acid decrease in all the biofilms with respect to FP; fructose, glucose, galactose levels remained quite constant in biofilms B and C; the most abundant amino acids remained quite constant in biofilm A and decreased significantly in biofilm B. From microbiological analyses total microbial count was below the threshold value up to 7 days for samples in all the films, and 11 days for biofilm C. The lactic acid bacteria, and yeasts and mo...
Foods, 2020
Drying characteristics of persimmon, cv. “Rojo Brillante”, slabs were experimentally determined i... more Drying characteristics of persimmon, cv. “Rojo Brillante”, slabs were experimentally determined in a hot air convective drier at drying temperatures of 45, 50, 55, 60, and 65 °C at a fixed air velocity of 2.3 m/s. It was observed that the drying temperature affected the drying time, shrinkage, and colour. Four empirical mathematical models namely, Enderson and Pabis, Page, Logarithmic, and Two term, were evaluated in order to deeply understand the drying process (moisture ratio). The Page model described the best representation of the experimental drying data at all investigated temperatures (45, 50, 55, 60, 65 °C). According to the evaluation of the shrinkage models, the Quadratic model provided the best representation of the volumetric shrinkage of persimmons as a function of moisture content. Overall, higher drying temperature (65 °C) improved the colour retention of dried persimmon slabs.
Journal of Food Engineering, 2016
Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters, 1999
The main features of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are high energy and power density, which make... more The main features of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are high energy and power density, which make this storage technology suitable for portable electronics, power tools, and hybrid/full electric vehicles. Moreover, during conditions that lead to failure, Li-ion battery cells could undergo into a process called thermal runaway, which has resulted in numerous fire accidents. Thermal runaway implies a rapid increase in battery cells temperature, accompanied by the release of flammable gases. These flammable gases could be easily ignited by the battery's high temperature, resulting in a fire. In addition, the combustion of these gases when venting from the battery poses another safety concern: the accumulation and potential explosion of the gases themselves. Thermal runaway may also be responsible for mechanical effects such as the projection of fragments as well as the release of toxic gases and vapours. This study reports and discusses the results of fire tests performed on single...
Foods
The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of drying temperature and innovative pr... more The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of drying temperature and innovative pre-treatments (i.e., microwave and ultrasound) on “Rocha” pear drying behavior and quality characteristics, such as color, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Experiments were carried out with pear slabs subjected to microwaves (2450 MHz, 539 W, 4 min, microwave oven) and ultrasounds (35 kHz, 10 min, in an ultrasonic bath) as well as control samples. The drying process was conducted in a tray dryer at three different temperatures (50, 55 and 60 °C) and a fixed air velocity of 0.75 m/s. Microwave technology resulted in a higher quality deterioration in dried pear samples compared to those of controls and ultrasound pre-treated samples. The combined application of ultrasound pre-treatment and the higher drying temperature of 60 °C was characterized by the lowest color changes (ΔE = 3.86 ± 0.23) and higher preservation of nutritional parameters (total phenolic content, TPC = 345...
SAE Technical Paper Series, 2001
Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 2011
ABSTRACT Modelling based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is by now effectively used in fire... more ABSTRACT Modelling based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is by now effectively used in fire research and hazard analysis. Depending on the scenario, radiative heat transfer can play a very important role in enclosure combustion events such as tunnel fires. In this work, the importance of radiation and the effect of the use of different approaches to account for it were assessed. Firstly, small-scale tunnel fire simulations were performed and the results compared with experimental data, then realistic full-scale scenarios were simulated. The results show up the capability of CFD modelling to reproduce with good approximation tunnel fires. Radiation proved to be noteworthy mainly when the scale of the fire is relatively large. Among the various approaches employed to simulate radiation, the use of the Discrete Transfer model gave the most accurate results, mainly when the absorption-emission characteristics of the combustion products were taken into account. Finally, the suitability of the use of CFD in quantitative Fire Hazard Analysis is discussed.
Energies, 2020
Failure of a pipeline carrying gaseous hydrogen can have several effects, some of which can pose ... more Failure of a pipeline carrying gaseous hydrogen can have several effects, some of which can pose a significant threat of harm to people and damage to buildings in its immediate proximity. This paper presents a probabilistic risk assessment procedure for the estimation of damage to people and buildings endangered by high-pressure hydrogen pipeline explosions. Such a procedure provides an evaluation of annual probability of damage to people and buildings under an extreme event using a combination of the conditional probability of damage triggered by an explosion and the probability that the explosion occurs as a consequence of the pipeline failure. The release of hydrogen is simulated using the LimitState:SLAB model and the size of the hydrogen-air cloud in the flammability range is evaluated, then overpressure and impulse generated by the blast are evaluated through the Netherland Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) model, while explosion effects on people and building...
Dust explosions pose a serious hazard to both personnel and equipment in industries that handles ... more Dust explosions pose a serious hazard to both personnel and equipment in industries that handles combustible powders. Although prevention and mitigation technology of dust explosions has progressed greatly, continual accidents in the process industries demonstrate the need for improved knowledge in this area (Mercan, 2016; Russo et al., 2017). On July 16, 2007, a primary explosion followed by secondary explosions happened in the Cordero mill (Italy) and 5 persons died (Marmo et al., 2012). The accident occurred at the end of the loading operation of a tanker, when a surplus of flour was overcharged. This extra amount was then pneumatically conveyed to a silo placed in the flour-warehouses, by connecting the tanker to the pneumatic transport line through one of the tanker hoses. The flour was loaded at a low flow rate, and hence a low concentration of flour in the duct occurred. The source of ignition of the dust cloud was attributed to an electrostatic arc that took place in the pne...
Chemical engineering transactions, 2018
The Directive 2014/94/UE (DAFI, Alternative Fuel Initiative Directive) on the deployment of alter... more The Directive 2014/94/UE (DAFI, Alternative Fuel Initiative Directive) on the deployment of alternative fuels (i.e. hydrogen) infrastructures has been recently transposed into national law in Italy. Consequently, the technical regulation on fire prevention for H2 fuelling stations has been updated, in order to consider the current maximum delivery pressure (700 bar) of gaseous hydrogen for road vehicles. This technical regulation establishes the prescriptive safety distance from a piece of equipment. In the case of a new station, an assessment of the frequency of the event and its potential consequences is necessary. This is to understand which risk can reasonably be mitigated by a safety distance or whether additional mitigation or prevention measures should be taken. This paper presents the quantitative risk assessment (QRA) study on a hydrogen station planned to be installed, study which aims at determining the safety distances. Such study utilizes the Sandia-developed QRA tool, ...
Chemical engineering transactions, 2015
The non-alcoholic beverage industry is influenced by the trend of the consumers towards healthier... more The non-alcoholic beverage industry is influenced by the trend of the consumers towards healthier diets and added convenience and greater health benefits in their beverage choices. With the world’s changing approach to alcohol, operators need to find new beverages respect to the alcoholic ones. An alternative consists in the development of beverages similar to those alcoholic, but free of the negative effects of alcohol. Among various techniques for alcohol removal, evaporative pertraction is a simple and inexpensive process due to operating parameters and to the s tripping agent (generally water) used. We previously applied this technique to the dealcoholization of a lager beer, but a depletion of volatile compounds was observed. In this work we aim at producing a craft beer with reduced alcohol content (less than 1.2%vol) and with good quality. In order to limit aroma compound loss, evaporative pertraction using carbonated hydroalcoholic solutions as stripping agents, instead of w...
Chemical engineering transactions, 2015
Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) is a Solanaceous deciduous shrub that grows in China, Tibet and other p... more Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) is a Solanaceous deciduous shrub that grows in China, Tibet and other parts of Asia. Nowadays, goji berries are known as being very rich in nutrients with high antioxidant capacity, fact for which they were included in the novel category of “superfruits”. Goji berries contain high amounts of antioxidants, carotenoids, vitamin A and zeaxanthin. Most of goji berries produced are dried because they are very delicate fruits. Drying process improves fruit stability, since it decreases considerably the water activity of the food, reduces microbiological and enzymatic activity and minimizes physical and chemical reactions during storage. However, drying of goji berries can be difficult due to the wax layer surrounding the fruit and the health properties may be reduced by long exposure to high temperatures.In this study, a physical wax abrasive pretreatment was used to carefully remove the wax layer and reduce drying time. The abrasion of the goji peel was carried ...
Chemical engineering transactions, 2015
Characterization of Pears During Drying by Conventional Technique and Portable non Invasive NMR G... more Characterization of Pears During Drying by Conventional Technique and Portable non Invasive NMR Giuseppina Adiletta, Paola Russo, Noemi Proietti, Donatella Capitani, Luisa Mannina, Alessio Crescitelli , Marisa Di Matteo Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Roma, Italy Laboratorio di Risonanza Magnetica “Annalaura Segre”, Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, CNR,via Salaria Km 29,300 00015 Monterotondo (Rm) Italy Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Italy IMM-CNR Via Pietro Castellino 111,80131 Napoli, Italy paola.russo@uniroma1.it
Paola Russoa*, Cinzia Di Barib, Michele Mazzaroc , Armando De Rosac, Ilario Morriellod a Dipartim... more Paola Russoa*, Cinzia Di Barib, Michele Mazzaroc , Armando De Rosac, Ilario Morriellod a Dipartimento Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy b Laboratorio Sistemi e Tecnologie per la Mobilità e l’Accumulo, ENEA DTE-PCU-STMA, CR Casaccia, Roma, Italy c Direzione Centrale per la Prevenzione e la Sicurezza Tecnica, Nucleo Investigativo Antincendi, Roma, Italy d Squadra di Pronto Intervento del CR Casaccia, ENEA ISER-CAS-SPI, CR Casaccia, Roma, Italy paola.russo@uniroma1.it
Foods, 2021
A multidisciplinary protocol is proposed to monitor the preservation of fresh pumpkin samples (FP... more A multidisciplinary protocol is proposed to monitor the preservation of fresh pumpkin samples (FP) using three commercial polymeric films: A made of biodegradable cellophane from regenerated cellulose pulp; B from corn starch, cassava and eucalyptus, C made of polylactic acid from corn starch, and a polyethylene film used as reference (REF). Chemical, mechanical and microbiological analyses were applied on packaging and fresh and packaged samples at different times. After an 11-day period, NMR spectroscopy results showed a sucrose increase and a malic acid decrease in all the biofilms with respect to FP; fructose, glucose, galactose levels remained quite constant in biofilms B and C; the most abundant amino acids remained quite constant in biofilm A and decreased significantly in biofilm B. From microbiological analyses total microbial count was below the threshold value up to 7 days for samples in all the films, and 11 days for biofilm C. The lactic acid bacteria, and yeasts and mo...
Foods, 2020
Drying characteristics of persimmon, cv. “Rojo Brillante”, slabs were experimentally determined i... more Drying characteristics of persimmon, cv. “Rojo Brillante”, slabs were experimentally determined in a hot air convective drier at drying temperatures of 45, 50, 55, 60, and 65 °C at a fixed air velocity of 2.3 m/s. It was observed that the drying temperature affected the drying time, shrinkage, and colour. Four empirical mathematical models namely, Enderson and Pabis, Page, Logarithmic, and Two term, were evaluated in order to deeply understand the drying process (moisture ratio). The Page model described the best representation of the experimental drying data at all investigated temperatures (45, 50, 55, 60, 65 °C). According to the evaluation of the shrinkage models, the Quadratic model provided the best representation of the volumetric shrinkage of persimmons as a function of moisture content. Overall, higher drying temperature (65 °C) improved the colour retention of dried persimmon slabs.
Journal of Food Engineering, 2016
Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters, 1999
The main features of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are high energy and power density, which make... more The main features of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are high energy and power density, which make this storage technology suitable for portable electronics, power tools, and hybrid/full electric vehicles. Moreover, during conditions that lead to failure, Li-ion battery cells could undergo into a process called thermal runaway, which has resulted in numerous fire accidents. Thermal runaway implies a rapid increase in battery cells temperature, accompanied by the release of flammable gases. These flammable gases could be easily ignited by the battery's high temperature, resulting in a fire. In addition, the combustion of these gases when venting from the battery poses another safety concern: the accumulation and potential explosion of the gases themselves. Thermal runaway may also be responsible for mechanical effects such as the projection of fragments as well as the release of toxic gases and vapours. This study reports and discusses the results of fire tests performed on single...
Foods
The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of drying temperature and innovative pr... more The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of drying temperature and innovative pre-treatments (i.e., microwave and ultrasound) on “Rocha” pear drying behavior and quality characteristics, such as color, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Experiments were carried out with pear slabs subjected to microwaves (2450 MHz, 539 W, 4 min, microwave oven) and ultrasounds (35 kHz, 10 min, in an ultrasonic bath) as well as control samples. The drying process was conducted in a tray dryer at three different temperatures (50, 55 and 60 °C) and a fixed air velocity of 0.75 m/s. Microwave technology resulted in a higher quality deterioration in dried pear samples compared to those of controls and ultrasound pre-treated samples. The combined application of ultrasound pre-treatment and the higher drying temperature of 60 °C was characterized by the lowest color changes (ΔE = 3.86 ± 0.23) and higher preservation of nutritional parameters (total phenolic content, TPC = 345...
SAE Technical Paper Series, 2001
Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 2011
ABSTRACT Modelling based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is by now effectively used in fire... more ABSTRACT Modelling based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is by now effectively used in fire research and hazard analysis. Depending on the scenario, radiative heat transfer can play a very important role in enclosure combustion events such as tunnel fires. In this work, the importance of radiation and the effect of the use of different approaches to account for it were assessed. Firstly, small-scale tunnel fire simulations were performed and the results compared with experimental data, then realistic full-scale scenarios were simulated. The results show up the capability of CFD modelling to reproduce with good approximation tunnel fires. Radiation proved to be noteworthy mainly when the scale of the fire is relatively large. Among the various approaches employed to simulate radiation, the use of the Discrete Transfer model gave the most accurate results, mainly when the absorption-emission characteristics of the combustion products were taken into account. Finally, the suitability of the use of CFD in quantitative Fire Hazard Analysis is discussed.