Ukoha Ukoha | Nnamdi Azikiwe University (original) (raw)

Papers by Ukoha Ukoha

International journal of health, medicine and nursing practice, Mar 20, 2024

The objective was to determine the accuracy of gestational age measured by CRL in fetuses of blac... more The objective was to determine the accuracy of gestational age measured by CRL in fetuses of black women and also to identify the maternal factors affecting this accuracy in determining the gestational age by CRL measurement in fetuses of black women. Methodology: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Life and Trinity Specialist hospitals both in Nnewi, SouthEast , Nigeria. The gestational ages of the fetuses by CRL were determined using Siemens 2D ultrasound scan within 14 weeks and the accuracy compared with the gestational ages obtained from the Last Menstrual Period (LMP). Factors affecting the accuracy of CRL in determining the gestational age in women like the maternal heights and ages were measured. The ultrasound scan was done by a consultant in the department of Obstetrics. Analysis was done using SPSS Package version [20]. Regression analysis was used to compare dependent ad independent variables. Paired t-test was carried out on gestation period by LMP and gestation period by CRL to know if the mean difference between the gestation period by LMP and gestation period by CRL is significant. Multiple correlation analysis was used to ascertain the degree of relationship between maternal weight and age and gestational age by LMP and CRL. Findings: The result showed that two hundred and sixty-five women met the inclusion criteria but two were lost to follow up and two hundred and sixty-three were used finally for analysis. The accuracy of ultrasound scan in estimating the gestational age using CRL is within one week in majority of the cases. Maternal height, weight and age are poorly correlated to age of the fetus using the CRL. The fetuses of black women showed a marginal increase in length at gestational age below eight weeks but afterwards this difference is not pronounced. In conclusion, the accuracy of CRL in determining the gestational age is within one week in majority of cases. The maternal height and age are poorly correlated to the CRL of the fetus and thus to the gestational age. Unique Contributor to Theory, Policy and Practice: Ultrasound scan incorporated with growth chart for fetuses of white women can be equally used to ascertain the gestational ages of fetuses of black women with insignificant difference

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Dec 15, 2022

The use of polyphenols, as natural antioxidants, are gaining importance, due to their health bene... more The use of polyphenols, as natural antioxidants, are gaining importance, due to their health benefits for humans, decreasing the risk of liver disease, inflammation, cardiovascular and degenerative diseases by reduction of oxidative stress and counteraction of macromolecular oxidation. Although acetaminophen is the most widely used painkilling and antipyretic, high intake or consistent use of paracetamol have been associated to a well-known contrary effect which includes nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity (Olaleye and Rocha, 2008). Experimental animals were randomly allocated into six groups; A, B, C, D, E, F of six animals per group (n=6). Group A was the control group and received only standard diet animal feeds and distilled water only. Group B received 4ml/kg body weight of fresh Citrullus lanatus juice only for 28days. Group C received feed and water for 28 days, and was treated only with 2g/ kg of acetaminophen on the 29 th and 31 th day. Group D received 4ml/kg body weight of Citrullus lanatus juice for 28 days, and was treated with single oral dose of 2g/ kg of acetaminophen, on the 29 th day. Group E and F received 2ml/kg and 4ml/kg body weight of fresh Citrullus lanatus juice respectively for 28days, and was treated with 2g/ kg body weight of acetaminophen on the 29 th and 31 th day. At the end of the experiment, the Wistar was sacrificed and organs collected for analysis. The results of our study suggest that watermelon juice pretreatment boosted antioxidant status and offered some protection against high doses of acetaminophen induced injury in Wister rat's testes.

Advances in Human Biology, 2018

Context: Dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of the epidermal ridges and their configurations... more Context: Dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of the epidermal ridges and their configurations on the surfaces of the palms, fingers, soles of the feet and the toes. Aims: The aim of the study was to determine whether there exists any sexual dimorphism in A-B ridge count (ABRC) and ATD angle. Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: Four hundred individuals (200 males and 200 females) were studied. Age range was 18–30 years. Palm prints were captured using a Deskjet scanner. Dermatoglyphic parameters were measured manually. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics and Student's t-test. Results: The mean values of ABRC in males were 42.08 ± 3.84 (right palm) and 41.94 ± 4.39 (left palm), while the ABRCs in females were 42.46 ± 4.40 (right palm) and 41.97 ± 3.46 (left palm). The mean ATD angles in males were 43.07 ± 4.99 (right palm) and 43.99 ± 4.77 (left palm), while the mean ATD angles in females were 43.91 ± 5.11 (right palms) and 44.05 ± 5.12 (left palms). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean values of both parameters in both sexes and in both palms. Conclusion: There was no sexual dimorphism in the values of ABRC and ATD angles, and therefore, these parameters cannot be used to infer gender in our environment.

Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine, 2018

In this study, the associations between sedentary and nonsedentary lifestyles with certain anthro... more In this study, the associations between sedentary and nonsedentary lifestyles with certain anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters were investigated. The study populations consisted of four hundred (n = 400) randomly selected sedentary and non-sedentary adult male subjects in the age group of 25 – 55 years, from the Nnewi community, who satisfied the inclusion criteria. They were grouped in three (3) groups consisting of Group A (25 – 35 years), Group B (36 – 45 years), and Group C (46 – 55 years). Out of which 207 were sedentary and 193 were non-sedentary subjects. Anthropometric parameters such as: weight (kg), height (cm), waist circumference (cm), hip circumference (cm), and mid arm circumference (cm), and cardiovascular parameters [systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)] were measured. Results showed a statistically significant increase in anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters in sedentary subjects compared to non-sedentary subjects. There was, however, a sign...

Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2022

This work was aimed at comparing cranial capacity and multiple intelligence in Anambra adolescent... more This work was aimed at comparing cranial capacity and multiple intelligence in Anambra adolescents. Three hundred and eighty three subjects were enlisted in the study, comprising 228 females (59.5%), and 155 males (40.5%), with an age range of 10-19 years. Each subject filled the Russell Rowe Model (2015) of Multiple Intelligence Test for adolescents which examined them on eight different forms of Multiple Intelligence: Verbal/Linguistic, Logical/Mathematical, Bodily/Kinesthetic, Musical/Rhythmic, Visual/Spatial, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal and Naturalist intelligences. Their craniofacial parameters of head length, head with and cranial olume were measured clinically. The Cranial capacity were calculated and documented. Analysis was by SPSS version 20.0. Statistical significance was considered at p≤0.05. Verbal and intrapersonal intelligence had the highest percentage of study subjects possessing them (82.69%) and this was seen among the older adolescent age group (17-19 years), wh...

African Journal of Teacher Education, 2017

The study examines teaching and assessment methods used by vocational technical education teacher... more The study examines teaching and assessment methods used by vocational technical education teachers in teaching and assessing entrepreneurship education learning outcomes in Colleges of Education in the South-South Geo-political Zone of Nigeria. The study used survey research design. A census of entrepreneurship teachers conducted in the three Federal Colleges of Education in the South-South Geo-political zone yielded a population of 30 teachers. Structured questionnaire was the research instrument. Data were analyzed using SPSS. The findings show that teachers routinely use ineffective traditional teaching and assessment methods in entrepreneurship education instruction. Pedagogies that maximize entrepreneurial learning outcomes for achieving the self-employment objective of entrepreneurship education in Colleges of Education were recommended.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Mar 4, 2022

INTRODUCTION Dacryodes edulis (African pear tree) is a tropical oleiferous fruit tree that posses... more INTRODUCTION Dacryodes edulis (African pear tree) is a tropical oleiferous fruit tree that possesses enormous potential in Africa (Kengué, 1990). It is commonly known as Ube by the Igbos, Mzembe by the Tivs of Nigeria(Burkill, 1985). Various parts of the plantare used in traditional medicine to treat several diseases in different areas (Okafor, 1983; Duru et al, 2012). The fruits are edible, and the bark, leaves, stem, and roots are employed for a variety of purposes (Neuwinger 2000; Jirovetz et al., 2003,and Waruhiu et al., 2004). The bark resin is used in Nigeria to treat parasitic skin disease and jiggers (Hutchinson, 1963). Seeds of Dacryodes edulis are chewed by the Tiv people of Nigeria as a remedy for stomach problems like diarrhoea, dysentery etc (Ajibesin, 2008), the wood serves for firewood and carpentry (Ndoye et al., 1997), while the entire tree is used in agroforestry systems for soil conservation, fertility, shade and apiculture (Ndangang, 1989). Dacryodes edulis fruit or safou is popular in the diets of many Africans. It can be eaten raw, roasted or boiled in hot water, and is eaten alone or used in garnishing cooked or roasted maize. It could also be used as spread to eat bread (Duru et al., 2012). Dacryodes edulis has a potential to improve nutrition andfood security (Ayuku et al., 2000). Paraquat (1, 1′-dimethyl-4, 4′-bipyridilium dichloride-PQ), is one of the most widely used herbicides and holds a large share of the global herbicide market till today, it is a non-ABSTRACT ARTICLE DETAILS Dacryodes edulis, a multipurpose plant contains high concentrations of antioxidants, antiinflammatory agents that protect against tissue damage. The study was aimed at determining the ethanolic seed extract of dacryodes edulis on the of paraquat induced on testicular toxicity in male adult wister rat. Fifty-four adult male albino wister rat weighing between 150-180g were used for the study. LD 50 was determined for both dacryodesedulis and paraquat. The rats used for this experiment were distributed into eight groups. Group A (control group) while B C D E F G H were the treated group. (group B paraquat 0.1ml only for4 weeks, group C paraquat only for 2 weeks, group D paraquat + 500mg/kg of dacryodes edulis, group E paraquat only for 2 weeks and discontinued, Group F paraquat +1000mg/kg of dacryodes edulis for 4 weeks' group G and H received 500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg of dacryodes edulis for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment animals were anesthetized and samples were collected for assessment. The result from this study shows that paraquat produces destructive effects on testes evaluations, There was significant increase in LH, FSH testosterone level, was high in group C E F. There was also a significant decrease in the body weight and relative organ weight throughout the period of administration. Histopathological finding reveals distortion of the testicular tissues with mild toxicity in group B. The treated group showed sign of recovery and reversal effect of paraquat. In conclusion the ethanolic seed extract of dacryodes edulis possess ability to improve sperm morphology in paraquat toxicity.

International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 2014

The present study was aimed at assessing histological changes on the cerebellum following low-and... more The present study was aimed at assessing histological changes on the cerebellum following low-and high-dosage oral administration of potassium bromate to adult wistar rats. Methods: Twenty healthy adult wistar rats weighing 180-200g were used for the study. They were fed with feed and water during an acclimatization period of two weeks before administration of potassium bromate began. They were divided into four groups: A, B C and D. Group A served as control while rats in groups B, C and D received 50, 100 and 150mg per kg body weight of potassium bromate respectively. Administration lasted for 21 days and body weight was recorded weekly. At the end of administration, they were sacrificed by chloroform inhalation method, and the cerebellum was harvested and processed for examination. Results: The control group showed normal weight gain as well as normal physical activity. Group D showed unsteadiness in movement, difficulty in breathing, and two rats died after the 18 th day of administration. Rats in group C experienced difficulty in breathing and slight unsteadiness in movement. Group B were mildly affected. Histopathological examination of groups C and D showed degenerative changes and haemorrhage in the cerebellum. Conclusion: The present study showed that potassium bromate had harmful effects on the cerebellum in a dose-dependent manner, and its use should be discouraged.

Revista Argentina de Anatomía Clínica, 2016

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to measure the acetabular depth and diameter, to det... more Objectives: The present study was undertaken to measure the acetabular depth and diameter, to determine the shape of the anterior acetabular ridge and to find out the relationship between the depth and diameter which will be useful in preparing suitable sizes of prosthesis for Nigerians. Materials and Method: 100 dry adult hip bones of unknown gender but known sides were used. A vernier caliper and ruler were used for the measurement. The shapes of the anterior acetabular ridge were noted, and the transverse and superoinferior diameters of the acetabulum were measured using vernier calipers. The data were recorded and analyzed using SPSS. Result: The result showed that there were four major shapes which are: curved (35%), angular (33%), straight (23%) and irregular (9%). The total diameter on the right side was slightly less than the left. There was a significant positive relationship between the depth and the transverse, superoinferior and total diameters (p < 0.05). Conclusion:...

The Journal of medical research, 2011

Background: Femoral bicondylar angle is the angle between the diaphysis of the femur and a line p... more Background: Femoral bicondylar angle is the angle between the diaphysis of the femur and a line perpendicular to the infracondylar plane. It is indispensable in bipedal locomotion as it serves to place the knee and foot under the body’s center of gravity during the single support phase of gait. Although the mechanism for the formation of the angle is poorly understood it is believed to be an effect of the stresses in the physis of the distal femur resulting from bipedal loading conditions. This angle is believed to vary in individuals, gender and races. At birth, the femoral bicondylar angle is 0 0 but reaches a maximum of 14 0 in adults. Objectives: To document data for the femoral bicondylar angle of Nigerians in Rivers State and to establish if there exists any sexual dimorphism or racial variation in the femoral bicondylar angle amongst Nigerians in Rivers State. Materials and Methods: A total of 250 radiographs of the knee joints were collected and reviewed from November 2010 t...

Journal of Anatomical Sciences, 2017

The practice of embalming putrefying bodies involves the restoration of body features damaged by ... more The practice of embalming putrefying bodies involves the restoration of body features damaged by diseases or
accidents of different forms and it requires special skill or training. The present study was designed to investigate
the embalming techniques (methods), storage (post mortem management) procedures, and different embalming
fluid composition used at the six study areas in order to determine the success or failure rate for preserving
putrefying bodies in Anambra state in relation to age range. Two study areas were randomly selected from each of
the three senatorial zones in Anambra state. A total of 2523 bodies were brought in for embalmment out of which
351 bodies were at the early stages of putrefaction. The embalmment procedure, storage and embalmment fluid
composition for these putrefying bodies were evaluated with respect to age. The individual result on age range
showed significant association between embalming procedure and age range at five study areas. Three study areas
recorded some levels of failure outcome which was determined using checklist and empirical observations during
the study. The results noted that failure of embalming putrefying bodies at the study areas were dependent on the
age range, as well as on the embalming fluid composition and embalming management (storage) procedures. This
study revealed that age range and embalming fluid composition contributes to the outcome of embalming
putrefying bodies in Anambra state.

The Journal of medical research, 2011

The presence of accessory muscles and other organs on the lower limbs of some individuals have va... more The presence of accessory muscles and other organs on the lower limbs of some individuals have variously been reported in the literature. We report an unusual muscle located on the plantar surface of the left foot of a cadaver, which had not been previously described. This muscle originated from the tendon of tibialis posterior and inserted into the middle phalanx of the fifth toe. It differed from the 'expansions' of the tibialis posterior tendon, which usually pass from its insertion on the navicular bone to other tarsal bones and are ligamentous in nature. The muscle produced flexion of the fifth toe and is innervated by the medial plantar nerve. Awareness of this is important to Anatomists and surgeons, especially those working on the foot.

The presence of accessory muscles and other organs on the lower limbs of some individuals have va... more The presence of accessory muscles and other organs on the lower limbs of some individuals have variously been reported in the literature. We report an unusual muscle located on the plantar surface of the left foot of a cadaver, which had not been previously described. This muscle originated from the tendon of tibialis posterior and inserted into the middle phalanx of the fifth toe. It differed from the 'expansions' of the tibialis posterior tendon, which usually pass from its insertion on the navicular bone to other tarsal bones and are ligamentous in nature. The muscle produced flexion of the fifth toe and is innervated by the medial plantar nerve. Awareness of this is important to Anatomists and surgeons, especially those working on the foot.

This study investigated the normal values of the cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) and asses its relatio... more This study investigated the normal values of the cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) and asses its relationship to other anthropometric parameters like height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA), and waist hip ratio (WHR) of healthy young adult Nigerians in a University setting in relation to gender. In this prospective study, a total of 567 subjects (328 females and 239 males) with mean age of 21.93 ± 7.42 years from Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, were used. CTR was obtained by dividing cardiac diameter by thoracic diameter while body mass index was calculated based on the formula Weight (Kg)/Height 2(Kg/m²). The average CTR in males was 0.4310 ± 0.03 while in females it was 0.4449 ± 0.042 showing a significant difference (P≤ 0.05). The mean BMI for males and females were 22.82 ± 2.85 (Kg/m²) and 23.73 ± 4.43 (Kg/m²) respectively. The mean BSA for males and females were 1.844 ± 0.140 and 1.716±0.169 respectively. There was a sign...

Introduction: The study aimed to determine a more precise location of the infraorbital foramen (I... more Introduction: The study aimed to determine a more precise location of the infraorbital foramen (IOF) in relation to the piriform aperture (PA), infraorbital margin (IOM) and the anterior nasal spine(ANS) with the aim of improving the efficiency in clinical situations such as surgery and anesthetic procedures. Methods: A total of 130 skulls of unknown sex and age were used for the study; they were measured on both sides (right and left). With a vernier caliper the distances between the infraorbital foramen and the piriform aperture,

International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 2014

This study was carried out to determine the hepatoprotective effects of carotenoid on liver enzym... more This study was carried out to determine the hepatoprotective effects of carotenoid on liver enzymes of adult wistar rats following low and high consumption. Twenty wistar rats of weights 150 – 210kg were divided into four groups of five animals each. The control group A was orally administered with 0.35ml of distilled water daily; the experimental groups B,C and D were orally administered with 0.4ml, 0.5ml and 0.6ml of carotenoid respectively. Twenty four hours after the last administration, the animals were weighed, and sacrificed using chloroform inhalation method; liver tissues were removed and weighed. Blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture using sterile syringes and needles. Blood for serum preparation was collected into sterile plain tubes and stored in the refrigerator for analysis. The activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphotase (ALP) were determined using randox kit method. The final body weigh...

Nutrient foramen is a natural opening into the shaft of a bone, allowing for passage of blood ves... more Nutrient foramen is a natural opening into the shaft of a bone, allowing for passage of blood vessels into the medullary cavity. This study aims to determine the number, location and direction of nutrient foramina of long bones of the upper limb in the Nigerian population. A total number of 250 long bones (150 humeri, 50 radii and 50 ulnae) were used for the study. In the results, 66 % of the humeri had a single foramen, 18 % had double foramina and 26 % had no foramen. For the radii, 68 % had a single nutrient foramen and 32 % had no nutrient foramen. 78% of the ulnae had a single nutrient foramen and 22 % had no nutrient foramen. All the foramina except one (in the radius) were directed away from the growing end, that is, they were directed towards the elbow. Information and details about these foramina is of clinical importance, especially in surgical procedures like bone grafting and microsurgical vascularized bone transplantation.

Journal of Ultrasonography

Introduction: Ultrasound is the most reliable imaging modality for thyroid evaluation due to the ... more Introduction: Ultrasound is the most reliable imaging modality for thyroid evaluation due to the limitations in the clinical examination of this gland. Thyroid gland developmental anomalies are rare. Most of its variations are due to the persistence of the thyroglossal duct and the absence of the isthmus. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of pyramidal lobe and agenesis of the thyroid isthmus in Nnewi population using ultrasound. Materials and method: A total of 321 subjects resident in Nnewi, including 167 males and 154 females, were randomized. A written consent was obtained from all patients. The subjects were aged between 18 and 35 years. This was a prospective cross-sectional study. Thyroid glands were scanned using a 2-dimensional ultrasound machine with a 7.5 MHz transducer; model Siemens Sonoline Prima which was made in Japan for Siemens Medical System Incorporated, ultrasound Group, Issaquah, WA, 98029-7002, USA. Results: The study revealed no incidence of pyramidal lobe and agenesis of the thyroid isthmus in the study population. Conclusion: This study has clearly demonstrated no incidence of pyramidal lobe and agenesis of the thyroid isthmus in subjects resident in Nnewi, Nigeria.

This report describes an adult male cadaver with dextrocardia and situs solitus in a Nigerian cad... more This report describes an adult male cadaver with dextrocardia and situs solitus in a Nigerian cadaver. The photographic illustrations revealed a flattened heart that was flipped to the right thus, transposing the great vessels. The report showed that dextrocardia exists amongst Nigerians and possibly Africans and therefore wish to recommend early medical examination since patients with this condition are unaware of their unusual anatomy until they seek medical attention for an unrelated condition. Early detection may lead to a successful surgical management and consequently offer a safer chance of survival since individuals with this unique variation are more prone to congenital cardiac abnormalities.

International journal of health, medicine and nursing practice, Mar 20, 2024

The objective was to determine the accuracy of gestational age measured by CRL in fetuses of blac... more The objective was to determine the accuracy of gestational age measured by CRL in fetuses of black women and also to identify the maternal factors affecting this accuracy in determining the gestational age by CRL measurement in fetuses of black women. Methodology: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Life and Trinity Specialist hospitals both in Nnewi, SouthEast , Nigeria. The gestational ages of the fetuses by CRL were determined using Siemens 2D ultrasound scan within 14 weeks and the accuracy compared with the gestational ages obtained from the Last Menstrual Period (LMP). Factors affecting the accuracy of CRL in determining the gestational age in women like the maternal heights and ages were measured. The ultrasound scan was done by a consultant in the department of Obstetrics. Analysis was done using SPSS Package version [20]. Regression analysis was used to compare dependent ad independent variables. Paired t-test was carried out on gestation period by LMP and gestation period by CRL to know if the mean difference between the gestation period by LMP and gestation period by CRL is significant. Multiple correlation analysis was used to ascertain the degree of relationship between maternal weight and age and gestational age by LMP and CRL. Findings: The result showed that two hundred and sixty-five women met the inclusion criteria but two were lost to follow up and two hundred and sixty-three were used finally for analysis. The accuracy of ultrasound scan in estimating the gestational age using CRL is within one week in majority of the cases. Maternal height, weight and age are poorly correlated to age of the fetus using the CRL. The fetuses of black women showed a marginal increase in length at gestational age below eight weeks but afterwards this difference is not pronounced. In conclusion, the accuracy of CRL in determining the gestational age is within one week in majority of cases. The maternal height and age are poorly correlated to the CRL of the fetus and thus to the gestational age. Unique Contributor to Theory, Policy and Practice: Ultrasound scan incorporated with growth chart for fetuses of white women can be equally used to ascertain the gestational ages of fetuses of black women with insignificant difference

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Dec 15, 2022

The use of polyphenols, as natural antioxidants, are gaining importance, due to their health bene... more The use of polyphenols, as natural antioxidants, are gaining importance, due to their health benefits for humans, decreasing the risk of liver disease, inflammation, cardiovascular and degenerative diseases by reduction of oxidative stress and counteraction of macromolecular oxidation. Although acetaminophen is the most widely used painkilling and antipyretic, high intake or consistent use of paracetamol have been associated to a well-known contrary effect which includes nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity (Olaleye and Rocha, 2008). Experimental animals were randomly allocated into six groups; A, B, C, D, E, F of six animals per group (n=6). Group A was the control group and received only standard diet animal feeds and distilled water only. Group B received 4ml/kg body weight of fresh Citrullus lanatus juice only for 28days. Group C received feed and water for 28 days, and was treated only with 2g/ kg of acetaminophen on the 29 th and 31 th day. Group D received 4ml/kg body weight of Citrullus lanatus juice for 28 days, and was treated with single oral dose of 2g/ kg of acetaminophen, on the 29 th day. Group E and F received 2ml/kg and 4ml/kg body weight of fresh Citrullus lanatus juice respectively for 28days, and was treated with 2g/ kg body weight of acetaminophen on the 29 th and 31 th day. At the end of the experiment, the Wistar was sacrificed and organs collected for analysis. The results of our study suggest that watermelon juice pretreatment boosted antioxidant status and offered some protection against high doses of acetaminophen induced injury in Wister rat's testes.

Advances in Human Biology, 2018

Context: Dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of the epidermal ridges and their configurations... more Context: Dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of the epidermal ridges and their configurations on the surfaces of the palms, fingers, soles of the feet and the toes. Aims: The aim of the study was to determine whether there exists any sexual dimorphism in A-B ridge count (ABRC) and ATD angle. Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: Four hundred individuals (200 males and 200 females) were studied. Age range was 18–30 years. Palm prints were captured using a Deskjet scanner. Dermatoglyphic parameters were measured manually. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics and Student's t-test. Results: The mean values of ABRC in males were 42.08 ± 3.84 (right palm) and 41.94 ± 4.39 (left palm), while the ABRCs in females were 42.46 ± 4.40 (right palm) and 41.97 ± 3.46 (left palm). The mean ATD angles in males were 43.07 ± 4.99 (right palm) and 43.99 ± 4.77 (left palm), while the mean ATD angles in females were 43.91 ± 5.11 (right palms) and 44.05 ± 5.12 (left palms). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean values of both parameters in both sexes and in both palms. Conclusion: There was no sexual dimorphism in the values of ABRC and ATD angles, and therefore, these parameters cannot be used to infer gender in our environment.

Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine, 2018

In this study, the associations between sedentary and nonsedentary lifestyles with certain anthro... more In this study, the associations between sedentary and nonsedentary lifestyles with certain anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters were investigated. The study populations consisted of four hundred (n = 400) randomly selected sedentary and non-sedentary adult male subjects in the age group of 25 – 55 years, from the Nnewi community, who satisfied the inclusion criteria. They were grouped in three (3) groups consisting of Group A (25 – 35 years), Group B (36 – 45 years), and Group C (46 – 55 years). Out of which 207 were sedentary and 193 were non-sedentary subjects. Anthropometric parameters such as: weight (kg), height (cm), waist circumference (cm), hip circumference (cm), and mid arm circumference (cm), and cardiovascular parameters [systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)] were measured. Results showed a statistically significant increase in anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters in sedentary subjects compared to non-sedentary subjects. There was, however, a sign...

Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2022

This work was aimed at comparing cranial capacity and multiple intelligence in Anambra adolescent... more This work was aimed at comparing cranial capacity and multiple intelligence in Anambra adolescents. Three hundred and eighty three subjects were enlisted in the study, comprising 228 females (59.5%), and 155 males (40.5%), with an age range of 10-19 years. Each subject filled the Russell Rowe Model (2015) of Multiple Intelligence Test for adolescents which examined them on eight different forms of Multiple Intelligence: Verbal/Linguistic, Logical/Mathematical, Bodily/Kinesthetic, Musical/Rhythmic, Visual/Spatial, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal and Naturalist intelligences. Their craniofacial parameters of head length, head with and cranial olume were measured clinically. The Cranial capacity were calculated and documented. Analysis was by SPSS version 20.0. Statistical significance was considered at p≤0.05. Verbal and intrapersonal intelligence had the highest percentage of study subjects possessing them (82.69%) and this was seen among the older adolescent age group (17-19 years), wh...

African Journal of Teacher Education, 2017

The study examines teaching and assessment methods used by vocational technical education teacher... more The study examines teaching and assessment methods used by vocational technical education teachers in teaching and assessing entrepreneurship education learning outcomes in Colleges of Education in the South-South Geo-political Zone of Nigeria. The study used survey research design. A census of entrepreneurship teachers conducted in the three Federal Colleges of Education in the South-South Geo-political zone yielded a population of 30 teachers. Structured questionnaire was the research instrument. Data were analyzed using SPSS. The findings show that teachers routinely use ineffective traditional teaching and assessment methods in entrepreneurship education instruction. Pedagogies that maximize entrepreneurial learning outcomes for achieving the self-employment objective of entrepreneurship education in Colleges of Education were recommended.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Mar 4, 2022

INTRODUCTION Dacryodes edulis (African pear tree) is a tropical oleiferous fruit tree that posses... more INTRODUCTION Dacryodes edulis (African pear tree) is a tropical oleiferous fruit tree that possesses enormous potential in Africa (Kengué, 1990). It is commonly known as Ube by the Igbos, Mzembe by the Tivs of Nigeria(Burkill, 1985). Various parts of the plantare used in traditional medicine to treat several diseases in different areas (Okafor, 1983; Duru et al, 2012). The fruits are edible, and the bark, leaves, stem, and roots are employed for a variety of purposes (Neuwinger 2000; Jirovetz et al., 2003,and Waruhiu et al., 2004). The bark resin is used in Nigeria to treat parasitic skin disease and jiggers (Hutchinson, 1963). Seeds of Dacryodes edulis are chewed by the Tiv people of Nigeria as a remedy for stomach problems like diarrhoea, dysentery etc (Ajibesin, 2008), the wood serves for firewood and carpentry (Ndoye et al., 1997), while the entire tree is used in agroforestry systems for soil conservation, fertility, shade and apiculture (Ndangang, 1989). Dacryodes edulis fruit or safou is popular in the diets of many Africans. It can be eaten raw, roasted or boiled in hot water, and is eaten alone or used in garnishing cooked or roasted maize. It could also be used as spread to eat bread (Duru et al., 2012). Dacryodes edulis has a potential to improve nutrition andfood security (Ayuku et al., 2000). Paraquat (1, 1′-dimethyl-4, 4′-bipyridilium dichloride-PQ), is one of the most widely used herbicides and holds a large share of the global herbicide market till today, it is a non-ABSTRACT ARTICLE DETAILS Dacryodes edulis, a multipurpose plant contains high concentrations of antioxidants, antiinflammatory agents that protect against tissue damage. The study was aimed at determining the ethanolic seed extract of dacryodes edulis on the of paraquat induced on testicular toxicity in male adult wister rat. Fifty-four adult male albino wister rat weighing between 150-180g were used for the study. LD 50 was determined for both dacryodesedulis and paraquat. The rats used for this experiment were distributed into eight groups. Group A (control group) while B C D E F G H were the treated group. (group B paraquat 0.1ml only for4 weeks, group C paraquat only for 2 weeks, group D paraquat + 500mg/kg of dacryodes edulis, group E paraquat only for 2 weeks and discontinued, Group F paraquat +1000mg/kg of dacryodes edulis for 4 weeks' group G and H received 500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg of dacryodes edulis for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment animals were anesthetized and samples were collected for assessment. The result from this study shows that paraquat produces destructive effects on testes evaluations, There was significant increase in LH, FSH testosterone level, was high in group C E F. There was also a significant decrease in the body weight and relative organ weight throughout the period of administration. Histopathological finding reveals distortion of the testicular tissues with mild toxicity in group B. The treated group showed sign of recovery and reversal effect of paraquat. In conclusion the ethanolic seed extract of dacryodes edulis possess ability to improve sperm morphology in paraquat toxicity.

International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 2014

The present study was aimed at assessing histological changes on the cerebellum following low-and... more The present study was aimed at assessing histological changes on the cerebellum following low-and high-dosage oral administration of potassium bromate to adult wistar rats. Methods: Twenty healthy adult wistar rats weighing 180-200g were used for the study. They were fed with feed and water during an acclimatization period of two weeks before administration of potassium bromate began. They were divided into four groups: A, B C and D. Group A served as control while rats in groups B, C and D received 50, 100 and 150mg per kg body weight of potassium bromate respectively. Administration lasted for 21 days and body weight was recorded weekly. At the end of administration, they were sacrificed by chloroform inhalation method, and the cerebellum was harvested and processed for examination. Results: The control group showed normal weight gain as well as normal physical activity. Group D showed unsteadiness in movement, difficulty in breathing, and two rats died after the 18 th day of administration. Rats in group C experienced difficulty in breathing and slight unsteadiness in movement. Group B were mildly affected. Histopathological examination of groups C and D showed degenerative changes and haemorrhage in the cerebellum. Conclusion: The present study showed that potassium bromate had harmful effects on the cerebellum in a dose-dependent manner, and its use should be discouraged.

Revista Argentina de Anatomía Clínica, 2016

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to measure the acetabular depth and diameter, to det... more Objectives: The present study was undertaken to measure the acetabular depth and diameter, to determine the shape of the anterior acetabular ridge and to find out the relationship between the depth and diameter which will be useful in preparing suitable sizes of prosthesis for Nigerians. Materials and Method: 100 dry adult hip bones of unknown gender but known sides were used. A vernier caliper and ruler were used for the measurement. The shapes of the anterior acetabular ridge were noted, and the transverse and superoinferior diameters of the acetabulum were measured using vernier calipers. The data were recorded and analyzed using SPSS. Result: The result showed that there were four major shapes which are: curved (35%), angular (33%), straight (23%) and irregular (9%). The total diameter on the right side was slightly less than the left. There was a significant positive relationship between the depth and the transverse, superoinferior and total diameters (p < 0.05). Conclusion:...

The Journal of medical research, 2011

Background: Femoral bicondylar angle is the angle between the diaphysis of the femur and a line p... more Background: Femoral bicondylar angle is the angle between the diaphysis of the femur and a line perpendicular to the infracondylar plane. It is indispensable in bipedal locomotion as it serves to place the knee and foot under the body’s center of gravity during the single support phase of gait. Although the mechanism for the formation of the angle is poorly understood it is believed to be an effect of the stresses in the physis of the distal femur resulting from bipedal loading conditions. This angle is believed to vary in individuals, gender and races. At birth, the femoral bicondylar angle is 0 0 but reaches a maximum of 14 0 in adults. Objectives: To document data for the femoral bicondylar angle of Nigerians in Rivers State and to establish if there exists any sexual dimorphism or racial variation in the femoral bicondylar angle amongst Nigerians in Rivers State. Materials and Methods: A total of 250 radiographs of the knee joints were collected and reviewed from November 2010 t...

Journal of Anatomical Sciences, 2017

The practice of embalming putrefying bodies involves the restoration of body features damaged by ... more The practice of embalming putrefying bodies involves the restoration of body features damaged by diseases or
accidents of different forms and it requires special skill or training. The present study was designed to investigate
the embalming techniques (methods), storage (post mortem management) procedures, and different embalming
fluid composition used at the six study areas in order to determine the success or failure rate for preserving
putrefying bodies in Anambra state in relation to age range. Two study areas were randomly selected from each of
the three senatorial zones in Anambra state. A total of 2523 bodies were brought in for embalmment out of which
351 bodies were at the early stages of putrefaction. The embalmment procedure, storage and embalmment fluid
composition for these putrefying bodies were evaluated with respect to age. The individual result on age range
showed significant association between embalming procedure and age range at five study areas. Three study areas
recorded some levels of failure outcome which was determined using checklist and empirical observations during
the study. The results noted that failure of embalming putrefying bodies at the study areas were dependent on the
age range, as well as on the embalming fluid composition and embalming management (storage) procedures. This
study revealed that age range and embalming fluid composition contributes to the outcome of embalming
putrefying bodies in Anambra state.

The Journal of medical research, 2011

The presence of accessory muscles and other organs on the lower limbs of some individuals have va... more The presence of accessory muscles and other organs on the lower limbs of some individuals have variously been reported in the literature. We report an unusual muscle located on the plantar surface of the left foot of a cadaver, which had not been previously described. This muscle originated from the tendon of tibialis posterior and inserted into the middle phalanx of the fifth toe. It differed from the 'expansions' of the tibialis posterior tendon, which usually pass from its insertion on the navicular bone to other tarsal bones and are ligamentous in nature. The muscle produced flexion of the fifth toe and is innervated by the medial plantar nerve. Awareness of this is important to Anatomists and surgeons, especially those working on the foot.

The presence of accessory muscles and other organs on the lower limbs of some individuals have va... more The presence of accessory muscles and other organs on the lower limbs of some individuals have variously been reported in the literature. We report an unusual muscle located on the plantar surface of the left foot of a cadaver, which had not been previously described. This muscle originated from the tendon of tibialis posterior and inserted into the middle phalanx of the fifth toe. It differed from the 'expansions' of the tibialis posterior tendon, which usually pass from its insertion on the navicular bone to other tarsal bones and are ligamentous in nature. The muscle produced flexion of the fifth toe and is innervated by the medial plantar nerve. Awareness of this is important to Anatomists and surgeons, especially those working on the foot.

This study investigated the normal values of the cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) and asses its relatio... more This study investigated the normal values of the cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) and asses its relationship to other anthropometric parameters like height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA), and waist hip ratio (WHR) of healthy young adult Nigerians in a University setting in relation to gender. In this prospective study, a total of 567 subjects (328 females and 239 males) with mean age of 21.93 ± 7.42 years from Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, were used. CTR was obtained by dividing cardiac diameter by thoracic diameter while body mass index was calculated based on the formula Weight (Kg)/Height 2(Kg/m²). The average CTR in males was 0.4310 ± 0.03 while in females it was 0.4449 ± 0.042 showing a significant difference (P≤ 0.05). The mean BMI for males and females were 22.82 ± 2.85 (Kg/m²) and 23.73 ± 4.43 (Kg/m²) respectively. The mean BSA for males and females were 1.844 ± 0.140 and 1.716±0.169 respectively. There was a sign...

Introduction: The study aimed to determine a more precise location of the infraorbital foramen (I... more Introduction: The study aimed to determine a more precise location of the infraorbital foramen (IOF) in relation to the piriform aperture (PA), infraorbital margin (IOM) and the anterior nasal spine(ANS) with the aim of improving the efficiency in clinical situations such as surgery and anesthetic procedures. Methods: A total of 130 skulls of unknown sex and age were used for the study; they were measured on both sides (right and left). With a vernier caliper the distances between the infraorbital foramen and the piriform aperture,

International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 2014

This study was carried out to determine the hepatoprotective effects of carotenoid on liver enzym... more This study was carried out to determine the hepatoprotective effects of carotenoid on liver enzymes of adult wistar rats following low and high consumption. Twenty wistar rats of weights 150 – 210kg were divided into four groups of five animals each. The control group A was orally administered with 0.35ml of distilled water daily; the experimental groups B,C and D were orally administered with 0.4ml, 0.5ml and 0.6ml of carotenoid respectively. Twenty four hours after the last administration, the animals were weighed, and sacrificed using chloroform inhalation method; liver tissues were removed and weighed. Blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture using sterile syringes and needles. Blood for serum preparation was collected into sterile plain tubes and stored in the refrigerator for analysis. The activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphotase (ALP) were determined using randox kit method. The final body weigh...

Nutrient foramen is a natural opening into the shaft of a bone, allowing for passage of blood ves... more Nutrient foramen is a natural opening into the shaft of a bone, allowing for passage of blood vessels into the medullary cavity. This study aims to determine the number, location and direction of nutrient foramina of long bones of the upper limb in the Nigerian population. A total number of 250 long bones (150 humeri, 50 radii and 50 ulnae) were used for the study. In the results, 66 % of the humeri had a single foramen, 18 % had double foramina and 26 % had no foramen. For the radii, 68 % had a single nutrient foramen and 32 % had no nutrient foramen. 78% of the ulnae had a single nutrient foramen and 22 % had no nutrient foramen. All the foramina except one (in the radius) were directed away from the growing end, that is, they were directed towards the elbow. Information and details about these foramina is of clinical importance, especially in surgical procedures like bone grafting and microsurgical vascularized bone transplantation.

Journal of Ultrasonography

Introduction: Ultrasound is the most reliable imaging modality for thyroid evaluation due to the ... more Introduction: Ultrasound is the most reliable imaging modality for thyroid evaluation due to the limitations in the clinical examination of this gland. Thyroid gland developmental anomalies are rare. Most of its variations are due to the persistence of the thyroglossal duct and the absence of the isthmus. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of pyramidal lobe and agenesis of the thyroid isthmus in Nnewi population using ultrasound. Materials and method: A total of 321 subjects resident in Nnewi, including 167 males and 154 females, were randomized. A written consent was obtained from all patients. The subjects were aged between 18 and 35 years. This was a prospective cross-sectional study. Thyroid glands were scanned using a 2-dimensional ultrasound machine with a 7.5 MHz transducer; model Siemens Sonoline Prima which was made in Japan for Siemens Medical System Incorporated, ultrasound Group, Issaquah, WA, 98029-7002, USA. Results: The study revealed no incidence of pyramidal lobe and agenesis of the thyroid isthmus in the study population. Conclusion: This study has clearly demonstrated no incidence of pyramidal lobe and agenesis of the thyroid isthmus in subjects resident in Nnewi, Nigeria.

This report describes an adult male cadaver with dextrocardia and situs solitus in a Nigerian cad... more This report describes an adult male cadaver with dextrocardia and situs solitus in a Nigerian cadaver. The photographic illustrations revealed a flattened heart that was flipped to the right thus, transposing the great vessels. The report showed that dextrocardia exists amongst Nigerians and possibly Africans and therefore wish to recommend early medical examination since patients with this condition are unaware of their unusual anatomy until they seek medical attention for an unrelated condition. Early detection may lead to a successful surgical management and consequently offer a safer chance of survival since individuals with this unique variation are more prone to congenital cardiac abnormalities.