Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ) | University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (original) (raw)
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Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
This research aims to investigate the effect of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IAS... more This research aims to investigate the effect of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) and Faradic electrotherapy (FES) on lower limb coupling during gait in a patient with excessive ankle stiffness. Methods: The study was conducted on a single patient who was diagnosed with ankle stiffness, decreased muscle strength due to 3.5 years of immobilization of the ankle joint, and was experiencing difficulty in walking. The patient underwent a 12-week treatment program that included IASTM and FES. The lower limb kinematics were measured using a motion analysis system before and after the intervention and couplings were calculated for 3-dimensional ankle movement. Results: The results of the study changed ankle-knee, ankle-hip sagittal and transverse, and knee-hip frontal and transverse plane coupling during different subphases of gait after the intervention. The observed coordination pattern in the subjects under investigation approached a level of similarity to that of healthy individuals in loading response (LR) and midstance (MS) for the ankle-knee sagittal plane. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that IASTM and FES can be used as effective interventions to lower limb coordination during gait in patients with post-operation complications. Further research on more patients is required.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
Since the foot is vital for maintaining stability and posture, knowing the difference between dom... more Since the foot is vital for maintaining stability and posture, knowing the difference between dominant and non-dominant knees can help reduce the risk of knee injury. Basketball players with dynamic knee valgus (DKV) following fatigue application were the subjects of the current study, which compared the angle and pattern of knee valgus in dominant and nondominant feet. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, our selection process involved choosing 27 basketball players with a knee dynamic valgus pattern (mean age=20.77±3.06 years, mean height=188±9 centimeters, and mean weight=79.68±18.35 kilograms) in a non-random, targeted manner. To assess the knee valgus angle in the frontal plane, we performed imaging using a digital camera positioned at 366 centimeters and a height of 105 centimeters relative to the subject. Furthermore, the subjects performed three countermovement jumps. Data were analyzed using "KINOVEA" software, version 0.9.5. In this study, players engaged in a 40-minute basketball game, conducted under regulations and including all scheduled rest periods. Results: No significant difference was observed between the pre-test and post-test in the dominant foot initial contact valgus variable (P=0.900), non-dominant foot initial contact valgus variable (P=0.134), dominant foot maximum flexion valgus variable (P=0.237), and non-dominant foot maximum flexion valgus variable (P=0.188), according to the results of the paired t-test for within-group comparison of the study's mean variables. Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was observed in the first contact valgus between the dominant and non-dominant foot prior to the test (P=0.485) or between the two groups after the test (P=0.066). However, a significant difference was found in the maximum flexion valgus between the dominant and nondominant foot before the test (P=0.012) and after the test (P=0.018), indicating that the dominant foot had a greater valgus angle than the non-dominant foot in both instances. Conclusion: The current study's results indicate that functional exhaustion, as employed in this investigation, does not raise the knee valgus angle; however, among basketball players, the dominant foot's valgus angle was larger than the non-dominant foot. Therefore, the basketball players' dominant foot is probably more vulnerable to non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching is considered a clinically effective w... more Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching is considered a clinically effective way to enhance muscle properties; however, rare information exists about its effect on muscle flexibility and strength of the patients with stroke. To investigate the efficacy of PNF exercise on lower extremity muscle flexibility and strength after stroke. Methods: Twenty-four men with stroke were chosen for the current study and assigned to two groups, PNF (n=12, mean age=59.3) and control group (n=12, mean age=58.7). Both groups received conventional rehabilitation three times a week for two months, while the PNF group received an additional 20-minute contract-relax (CR) method of PNF exercises during each session. Gastrocnemius and hamstring flexibility have been measured pre-and post-intervention by wall lunge and active straight leg raising (aSLR) tests, respectively. Additionally, hamstring and quadriceps strength has been measured pre-and post-intervention by a hand-held dynamometer. A 2×2 mixed repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to analyze data. Results: Significant interaction of time x group was found for hamstring flexibility (F=33.24, P<0.01) and strength (F=23.86, P<0.01). Post hoc analysis indicated that aSLR (effect size=0.75) and hamstring strength (effect size=0.67) significantly increased in the PNF group. No significant interactions or main effects were observed for gastrocnemius flexibility and quadriceps strength. Conclusion: The results indicate that eight weeks of PNF stretching improves hamstring muscle flexibility and strength in patients with stroke. However, future studies have to confirm the prolonged effects of PNF exercise.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
Proper posture is essential for maintaining musculoskeletal health. The stability of the spine de... more Proper posture is essential for maintaining musculoskeletal health. The stability of the spine depends largely on the curvature of the human upright spine, and deviations in sagittal arches may signify a displacement in the body's center of gravity. This study aims to investigate the relationship between spinal curvature and postural stability to promote optimal spinal health. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 120 recreationally active university students (60 men and 60 women) were selected and grouped by gender. Postural stability was assessed using the balance error scoring system (BESS), and the craniovertebral angle (CVA) was evaluated through photographic methods. Kyphosis and lordosis angles were also measured using specific anatomical landmarks. Correlation analyses were performed using Pearson's and Spearman's tests, with a statistical significance of P≤0.05, to explore the relationship between the variables Results: The study's results showed no significant correlations between thoracic kyphosis, lower back lordosis, and the CVA with BESS scores, except within the male group, where a significant correlation was found between BESS and kyphosis (P=0.01). Conclusion: This study suggests that evaluating thoracic kyphosis can be crucial to enhance postural stability in recreationally active adults. Further research can investigate interventions aimed at improving postural stability among individuals with kyphosis.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
Many available questionnaires fail to distinguish between the severity of symptoms and functional... more Many available questionnaires fail to distinguish between the severity of symptoms and functional limitations caused by low back pain (LBP) in different areas. Therefore, it is difficult to determine which symptoms and functional limitations are associated with existing low back pain. The lack of a specific questionnaire for functional symptoms and constraints related to back pain in the Persian language in Iran has made it necessary to develop new and reliable tools in this field. Therefore, this research aims to localize and validate the Persian version of this questionnaire. Methods: The questionnaire was finalized after necessary corrections using the translation-retranslation method. Two methods, content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR), were used to ensure content validity. The internal consistency test (Cronbach's α) reliability and test re-test reliability were evaluated. Results: The CVI results indicated that all questions scored above 0.79 in communication, clarity, simplicity, and ambiguity. The questionnaire demonstrated a high level of content validity with an average CVI (S-CUI/Ave) of 0.93. Statistical analysis revealed high internal consistency for the symptoms (26 questions, Cronbach's α=0.91) and functional limitations (29 questions, Cronbach's α=0.95) section of the questionnaire. Conclusion: After conducting the questionnaire, it is possible to identify people with varying levels of pain and functional limitations associated with chronic low back pain. It can help determine the progression of symptoms and limitations.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
Purpose: Footwear used by military individuals is essential to be scientifically evaluated during... more Purpose: Footwear used by military individuals is essential to be scientifically evaluated during daily activities. This research aims to examine muscular activities while running with rubber's new boots compared to used boots in men with healthy and pronated feet. Methods: Twenty-four men aged 20-25 years (12 men in the pronated group, and 12 men in the healthy group) participated in this research using the convenience sampling method. The subjects received two used and new boots. The boots were made of rubber. Electromyography (EMG) data of the dominant limb were collected while running at constant speed. Results: The main effect of "boot type" for semitendinosus muscle activity (P=0.018, η 2 =0.248) during the loading phase and tibialis anterior (P=0.041, η 2 =0.177) during mid-stance. Conclusion: Rubber boots mileage effect on selected muscle activities in men with and without pronated feet. The use of used rubber boots can increase running-related risk factors.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
Purpose: Among female athletes, dynamic knee valgus (DKV) is one of the most common injuries, esp... more Purpose: Among female athletes, dynamic knee valgus (DKV) is one of the most common injuries, especially anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. This study aims to compare lower limb coordination in athletes with and without DKV during walking. Methods: In this case-control study, 32 recreational female athletes were recruited in two groups, 17 with DKV and 15 without DKV (WDKV). A motion analysis system was used to gather kinematic data at 200 Hz. The participants were educated to walk barefoot on an 8-meter pathway comfortably. The segmental angles in each motion plane were then calculated using MATLAB software, version 9.14. The mean absolute relative phase (MARP) and deviation phase (DP) were extracted for the pelvic-thigh, thigh-shank, and shank-foot segments. A two-sample t-test was used to compare the mean values of the MARP and DP in the gait stance and swing phases. The significance level is 95% (P<0.05). Results: Female athletes with DKV dis p layed distinct intersegmental coordination patterns between the thigh-shank, pelvis-thigh, and shank-foot in their lower extremities during walking, which were different compared to athletes without DKV (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that female athletes with DKV exhibit distinct intersegmental coordination patterns in the pelvis-thigh, shank-foot, and thigh-shank during walking. These results indicate that for corrective protocols or risk reduction measures for athletes with DKV, significant attention should be paid t o the intersegmental coordination patterns of the lower extremity joints. Establishing stabil i ty and coordination between the proximal and distal segments of all lower limb joints is crucial to address the intersegmental coordination patterns at the knee to decrease the risk of ACL injuries in DKV-afflicted athletes.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
It is essential to analyze demographic characteristics to enhance the performance of the block ju... more It is essential to analyze demographic characteristics to enhance the performance of the block jump skill based on the kinetics domain. For this reason, this study aims to analyze the relationship between jump height and the demographic characteristics of young volleyball players while performing block jumps based on kinetics. Methods: This study included twenty-one young male volleyball players. Each player was instructed to perform 3 block jumps on a force plate using maximum power, and their jump height was estimated using a kinetics method. Moreover, the players' demographic features, such as height and weight were also measured for the analysis. To determine the relationship between the players' jump height and demographic characteristics, a one-way linear regression statistical method was used. Results: No significant relationship was found between height and weight (demographic characteristics) and jump height. However, height had a higher factor loading with jump height, indicating more correlation with jump height than weight (P≤0.05). Conclusion: To enhance the jumping and landing abilities of elite volleyball players, it is suggested that coaches, players, and specialists assess biomechanical performance through various means. Demographic characteristics can serve as useful indicators to improve performance. A thorough analysis of these indicators can significantly aid in achieving success in volleyball.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
Purpose: Ultrasonography (US) can be used to measure the dimensions and the cross-section of musc... more Purpose: Ultrasonography (US) can be used to measure the dimensions and the cross-section of muscles. This study aims to investigate the intra-and inter-tester reproducibility of the US measures of the cross-section of the longus colli (LC) muscle at rest and in contraction states in patients with chronic non-specific neck pain (CNSNP) and healthy individuals. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on seven healthy individuals and seven patients with chronic non-specific pains. The cross-section of the LC muscle was measured at rest and in contraction states at the C5-6 vertebrae by two raters using the US on two consecutive days. The data were analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: The intra-tester reproducibility was excellent in the healthy (ICC>0.97) and patient (ICC>0.95) groups at rest and in contraction. The inter-tester reproducibility was great in the healthy group (ICC>0.97) in both states and at rest (ICC=0.98) and in the contraction (ICC>0.95) in the patient group. Conclusion: The results revealed that the US demonstrated higher agreement in measuring the cross-section of the LC in healthy subjects and patients with CNSNP. Thus, this method is reliable and can be used to measure the cross-section of the muscles.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
People with both pronated feet and anterior cruciate ligament repair may benefit from walking on ... more People with both pronated feet and anterior cruciate ligament repair may benefit from walking on sand as a therapeutic option. The consequences of walking on sand on the muscular activity and gait biomechanics of these people are not well understood. This study aims to determine how sand training affects gait mechanics in individuals with both anterior cruciate ligament repair and pronated foot. Methods: The intervention and control groups included 28 adult males with pronated feet, where anterior cruciate ligament repair was randomly performed. The walking task was done on an 18-meter walkway at a consistent velocity. Muscle activities and ground reaction forces (GRF) were recorded using an electromyography system and a Bertec force plate, respectively. Results: Group-by-time interactions were significant for anterior and posterior reaction forces (P<0.019; d=0.49-0.66). Post hoc analysis demonstrated a significant increase for anterior and posterior reaction forces in control but not in the intervention groups. Also, group-by-time interactions were significant for vastus activities during heel contact (P=0.033; d=0.88). Conclusion: The results showed that vastus lateralis activity was higher in the intervention group during the heel contact than those of the control group.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
The present study aims to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of functional training based on funct... more The present study aims to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of functional training based on functional impairments on the scores of 9+ tests in active men. Methods: The current research design was a randomized field trial. For this purpose, 30 active men with movement impairments whose 9+ test scores measured with the functional movement screening (FMS) kit were less than 14 were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then 9+ tests were measured and randomly divided into two equal experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The experimental group performed functional exercises based on functional defects for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week, and each session lasting 40 minutes). During this period, the control group continued their normal activities. After 8 weeks of functional exercises, a 9+ test was taken from the subjects as a pre-test. Paired t-test was used to evaluate the results within the group and an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to evaluate the results between groups at a significance level of 0.05 in SPSS software, version 22. Results: The results of the paired t-test showed that in all 9+ tests, except the shoulder mobility test (P<0.05), a significant difference was observed in the post-test compared to the pre-test only in the experimental group (P<0.05). Also, the results of the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05) in all variables, except the shoulder mobility test (P=0.22). So that the scores of all variables in the experimental group improved compared to the control group Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, we conclude that performing 8 weeks of functional exercises can probably lead to improving functional movement patterns and improving the movement impairments of active men. These athletes and coaches can use these exercises to reduce movement impairments.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
The rapid and limitless outbreak of the coronavirus in 2019 caused athletes to quarantine in thei... more The rapid and limitless outbreak of the coronavirus in 2019 caused athletes to quarantine in their homes, resulting in stress and anxiety and the experience of negative symptoms, such as sleep disorder. The present study aims to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of yoga exercise on athletes' anxiety and sleep quality during the pandemic. Methods: Twenty-four athletes with an average age of 18 to 25 years were selected and classified into two experimental and control groups. Before and after the intervention, Beck's anxiety inventory and Pittsburgh's sleep quality inventory were used to collect data. The experimental group training protocol consisted of 24 Hatha yoga exercise sessions (60 minutes, three times a week). Due to the coronavirus epidemic, online training was conducted by an experienced yoga coach. The statistical method of covariance analysis was used to investigate the difference between the pre-test and post-test. Results: Data analysis showed that in the experimental group, the anxiety mean scores in the pretest decreased in the post-test, and the quality of sleep scores improved after yoga sessions. Also, a significant difference was observed between the experimental and control groups regarding anxiety (P<0.05) and sleep quality (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, yoga exercises are an effective way to reduce anxiety and improve athletes, sleep quality, and athletes can benefit from yoga exercises along with their specialized exercises to control their negative emotions, reduce mental symptoms, and enjoy relaxation. Not only athletes but all people in the community can incorporate yoga and meditation exercises into their lifestyles to control their negative emotions.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal, 2024
The current study aims to investigate the effect of a comprehensive warm-up program on functional... more The current study aims to investigate the effect of a comprehensive warm-up program on functional movement (FM) patterns and landing errors of young male wrestlers. Methods: For this purpose, 50 wrestlers from Karaj City, Iran were selected as available to participate in the research and then randomly divided into two equal experimental groups (25 people) and a control group (25 people). Then, the landing error scoring system (LESS) test was used to evaluate the landing error, and deep squat, lunge, shoulder mobility, and rotational stability tests were used to measure the quality of movement patterns, and finally, the Nordic questionnaire was used to measure musculoskeletal pain. The experimental group performed special wrestling warm-up exercises for eight weeks and three sessions of 30 minutes per week. Results: The results of the chi-square test showed that the musculoskeletal pain in the knee area of the subjects in the experimental group improved significantly after eight weeks of training (P=0.04), but the musculoskeletal pain in the shoulder and trunk of the wrestlers did not improve significantly (P>0.05). The results of the U-Man-Whitney U test showed that among the variables related to performance, no significant difference was observed in the post-test in the right and left shoulder mobility test (P<0.05) and in other research tests, a significant difference was observed between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that trainers can use the training protocol of the present research to improve landing error and musculoskeletal pain in the knee joint, along with other common training protocols.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal, 2024
This study aims to investigate the effects of an eight-week sensorimotor training (SMT) program w... more This study aims to investigate the effects of an eight-week sensorimotor training (SMT) program with visual feedback (VF) on knee joint proprioception and alignment in women with dynamic knee valgus (DKV). Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 women with DKV were selected and randomly divided into two groups (intervention and control groups) of 15 participants each. The intervention group underwent an eight-week VF-based SMT program consisting of three sessions lasting 60 minutes each week. Meanwhile, the control group continued with their daily routine during this period. After the training, all participants' knee joint proprioception and alignment were assessed using the single-leg squat test (SLST) and single-leg landing test (SLLT). The results were analyzed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in the IBM SPSS Statistics software, version 26, with a significance level of P<0.05. Results: The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) results indicated a significant improvement in proprioception (P=0.038) and knee alignment (P=0.001) in the intervention group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The study suggests that practicing SMT with VF can enhance knee joint proprioception and alignment in women with DKV.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal, 2024
Walking is a complex activity that involves multiple parts of the body, including the lower limb,... more Walking is a complex activity that involves multiple parts of the body, including the lower limb, upper limb, trunk, head, and neck. Contrary to popular belief, walking is not solely related to the forward movement of the legs. Biomechanical analysis, especially in terms of mechanical power, is an essential aspect of gait studying. The study aims to explore how altering arm swing speed affects the 3D maximum mechanical power of the lower limb while walking. Methods: In this study, 30 healthy women walked on a force plate path in front of cameras in three states of normal upper limb swing, fast upper limb swing, and slow upper limb swing. The calculation of muscle power in each lower limb joint and plane is based on the product of the joint moment and its angular velocity. The average mechanical power of the joints was compared using the repeated measurement test (P≤0.05). Results: The results showed that changing the swing speed of the arm has a significant effect on all absorption and production parameters related to the mechanical power of the lower limb joints. Conclusion: In conclusion, any change in arm movement during walking can affect movement, balance, and gait biomechanics.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal, 2024
Purpose: Fatigue, imbalance, and walking disorder were commonly observed in patients with multipl... more Purpose: Fatigue, imbalance, and walking disorder were commonly observed in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) as debilitating symptoms. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) separately and in combination with virtual reality (VR) training on fatigue, balance, and walking (speed and stride length) in patients with MS.
Methods: The present clinical trial research was conducted with 30 MS patients aged 18-55 years (including 21 women and 9 men). The random assignment of subjects was assessed into one of three groups, tDCS group, VR group, and combined tDCS-VR training group. In the tDCS group, the M1 motor cortex was stimulated by direct electrical current in five sessions, and VR training patients participated in the VR program for six sessions. In the combination intervention, participants were delivered tDCS before each VR session. Fatigue severity scale (FSS), Berg balance scale (BBS), and 25-foot walk test (T25-FW) were used to evaluate the fatigue, balance, and walking speed respectively as pre and post-tests. Statistical analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare the results between the three groups.
Results: Our results showed a significant effect of tDCS, VR, and tDCS-VR on fatigue and a significant effect of VR and tDCS-VR on balance and walking speed in patients with MS (P<0.05). In comparing the different interventions performed on the effect on fatigue and balance and walking speed, the improvements were significant in VR and tDCS-VR groups compared to the tDCS group (P<0.05); however, the difference was not significant between VR and tDCS-VR groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Despite the positive effect of fatigue, we found VR and tDCS-VR to be a more effective method for treating balance and walking of the patient. The combination effect of tDCS with VR therapy, should be investigated further.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
Past research supports the hypothesis that the position of basketball players affects their susce... more Past research supports the hypothesis that the position of basketball players affects their susceptibility to injury; however, there is disagreement among researchers regarding which positions are at greater risk of injury. The current study compares the lower limb joint angles in basketball players with dynamic knee valgus deficiency across different positions. Methods: In this study, 27 basketball players with dynamic knee valgus deficiency were purposefully selected in three groups as follows: Guards (mean age=19.77±2.68 years, mean height=1.77±0.04 cm, and mean weight=63.40±5.10 kg), forwards (mean age=20.22±2.90 years, mean height=187±0.04 cm, and mean weight=76.80±2.94 kg) and centers (mean age=22.33±3.27years, mean height=1.99±0.04 cm, and mean weight=98.84±18.42 kg), within the age range of 16 to 26 years. The anthropometric characteristics of the players, including height, weight, shoulder width, hip width, anterior superior iliac spine distance, lower limb length, Q angle, knee width, and ankle width, were measured. To evaluate the lower limb angles in the sagittal and frontal planes, imaging was performed using two digital cameras at a distance of 366 cm and a height of 105 cm relative to the subject, and the subjects performed three countermovement jumps. The analysis was conducted using the Kinovea software. To compare the mean variables of the study, mixed-design analysis of variance (2×3), one-way analysis of variance, and the Bonferroni post hoc tests were utilized. All hypothesis tests were conducted at a significance level of P≤0.05. Results: There was no significant difference in the initial contact angle of the hip joint (P=0.537), maximum hip flexion (P=0.891), initial contact angle of the knee joint (P=0.264), maximum knee flexion (P=0.321), initial contact angle of the ankle joint (P=0.116), and maximum ankle flexion (P=0.393) among the three groups. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the initial contact angle of the knee joint in dominant (P=0.059) and non-dominant (P=0.490) legs, as well as in the maximum knee flexion in dominant (P=0.872) and non-dominant (P=0.552) legs. Conclusion: No significant differences were observed in the lower limb joint angles among the three groups of guards, forwards, and centers. Therefore, different basketball positions may not be a significant risk factor for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
Purpose: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent orthopedic condition that significantly affects... more Purpose: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent orthopedic condition that significantly affects patients' well-being. This study investigates the spatial and temporal gait characteristics of patients with early-stage KOA during stair ascent and descent compared to healthy individuals. Methods: A total of 12 individuals diagnosed with KOA and 12 healthy controls participated in the study. The diagnosis of KOA was based on the clinical criteria provided by the American College of Rheumatology, and disease severity was evaluated using the Kellgren-Lawrence grading scale. A thorough inclusion and exclusion protocol ensured that the participants met specific criteria. Spatial-temporal variables were measured using a 3D motion capture system during stair negotiation. A repeated-measure multivariate analysis of covariance was used for the statistical analyses (P<0.05). Results: Significant differences in spatial and temporal gait variables were observed between individuals with KOA and the healthy control group during stair descending and ascending. The KOA group exhibited shorter step length (P=0.019), wider step width (P=0.029), shorter step time in both directions (P=0.022 for descending, P=0.031 for ascending), increased time in double support phase in both directions (P=0.009 for descending, P=0.004 for ascending), prolonged total stance time in both directions (P=0.003 for descending, P=0.009 for ascending), and lower gait velocity in both directions (P<0.001). During stair ascent, the overall gait velocity decreased (P<0.001), step width increased (P=0.039), and more time was allocated to single support (P=0.009), double support (P=0.038), and total stance (P<0.001). These findings highlight the significant differences in gait variables observed in individuals with knee osteoarthritis during stair walking compared to the control group. Conclusion: These findings provide valuable insights into how KOA impacts gait adaptations during stair climbing. The results support the need for targeted treatment and rehabilitation programs to improve the quality of life for patients. These findings provide valuable insights for healthcare professionals, enabling better diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation for KOA patients. They also aid in developing assistive devices and assessing disease progression for improved patient care.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
This study examines the impact of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) on chest mobility, up... more This study examines the impact of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) on chest mobility, upright sitting height, and quality of life (QoL) in obese women. DNS exercises are used to assess and activate the spinal stabilizers to improve the performance of the posture and respiratory systems. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 60 participants were randomly assigned to two groups as follows: The DNS group (n=30) and the control group (n=30). To start, in a random order, each participant completed a pre-test of the upper chest mobility, lower chest mobility, upright sitting height, and QoL. The DNS protocol was then implemented, with participants undergoing training six times a week for six weeks. After the completion of training, a post-test was conducted to measure all parameters. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis and repeated measures analysis of variance in the SPSS software, version 23. Results: In the DNS group, significant improvements were observed in the post-test compared to the pre-test for upper chest mobility (2.1±1.6 vs 3.7±1.8 cm, P<0.001), lower chest mobility (2.9±1.4 vs 3.8±1.4 cm, P<0.001), upright sitting height (86.1±3.8 vs 87.7±3.8 cm, P<0.001), and QoL (63.7±17.8 vs 68.2±14.9, P<0.001). On the other hand, the control group did not show statistically significant changes in these parameters. Conclusion: DNS which prioritizes ideal alignment, is an effective protocol for enhancing upper chest mobility, lower chest mobility, upright sitting height, and QoL. It is recommended to incorporate breathing exercises to enhance chest mobility and posture. By doing so, physiological stabilization can be achieved, leading to improvements in the overall health and performance of obese individuals, ultimately enhancing their QoL.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
Studies show that upper-crossed syndrome causes a decrease in health and quality of life (QoL) in... more Studies show that upper-crossed syndrome causes a decrease in health and quality of life (QoL) in affected people due to various physiological and psychological complications. Considering the high prevalence of upper crossed syndrome, this study investigates the effectiveness of the Alexander technique on physical and mental dimensions of QoL in young men with upper crossed syndrome. Methods: We assigned 24 male participants (aged between 19-25 years) into two groups (experimental and control) using a convenience sampling method. We used the short form of health survey-36 to evaluate the physical and mental aspects of their health. After measuring the desired variables of all participants in the pre-test stage, the participants of the experimental condition completed 12 training sessions of the Alexander technique over six weeks. We used analysis of covariance and correlated t-test to analyze the results. Results: There was a significant difference between the physical dimension of QoL in the experimental condition after applying the Alexander technique intervention compared to the control condition (P<0.001). Similarly, there was a significant difference between the mental dimension of QoL in the experimental condition compared to the control condition (P<0.001). Conclusion: Considering the significant effect of the Alexander technique as an educational intervention on participants' physical and mental health in the current study, we suggest that health and rehabilitation experts use the Alexander technique as a psychophysical re-education method to practically improve health and QoL in individuals with upper-crossed syndrome.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
This research aims to investigate the effect of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IAS... more This research aims to investigate the effect of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) and Faradic electrotherapy (FES) on lower limb coupling during gait in a patient with excessive ankle stiffness. Methods: The study was conducted on a single patient who was diagnosed with ankle stiffness, decreased muscle strength due to 3.5 years of immobilization of the ankle joint, and was experiencing difficulty in walking. The patient underwent a 12-week treatment program that included IASTM and FES. The lower limb kinematics were measured using a motion analysis system before and after the intervention and couplings were calculated for 3-dimensional ankle movement. Results: The results of the study changed ankle-knee, ankle-hip sagittal and transverse, and knee-hip frontal and transverse plane coupling during different subphases of gait after the intervention. The observed coordination pattern in the subjects under investigation approached a level of similarity to that of healthy individuals in loading response (LR) and midstance (MS) for the ankle-knee sagittal plane. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that IASTM and FES can be used as effective interventions to lower limb coordination during gait in patients with post-operation complications. Further research on more patients is required.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
Since the foot is vital for maintaining stability and posture, knowing the difference between dom... more Since the foot is vital for maintaining stability and posture, knowing the difference between dominant and non-dominant knees can help reduce the risk of knee injury. Basketball players with dynamic knee valgus (DKV) following fatigue application were the subjects of the current study, which compared the angle and pattern of knee valgus in dominant and nondominant feet. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, our selection process involved choosing 27 basketball players with a knee dynamic valgus pattern (mean age=20.77±3.06 years, mean height=188±9 centimeters, and mean weight=79.68±18.35 kilograms) in a non-random, targeted manner. To assess the knee valgus angle in the frontal plane, we performed imaging using a digital camera positioned at 366 centimeters and a height of 105 centimeters relative to the subject. Furthermore, the subjects performed three countermovement jumps. Data were analyzed using "KINOVEA" software, version 0.9.5. In this study, players engaged in a 40-minute basketball game, conducted under regulations and including all scheduled rest periods. Results: No significant difference was observed between the pre-test and post-test in the dominant foot initial contact valgus variable (P=0.900), non-dominant foot initial contact valgus variable (P=0.134), dominant foot maximum flexion valgus variable (P=0.237), and non-dominant foot maximum flexion valgus variable (P=0.188), according to the results of the paired t-test for within-group comparison of the study's mean variables. Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was observed in the first contact valgus between the dominant and non-dominant foot prior to the test (P=0.485) or between the two groups after the test (P=0.066). However, a significant difference was found in the maximum flexion valgus between the dominant and nondominant foot before the test (P=0.012) and after the test (P=0.018), indicating that the dominant foot had a greater valgus angle than the non-dominant foot in both instances. Conclusion: The current study's results indicate that functional exhaustion, as employed in this investigation, does not raise the knee valgus angle; however, among basketball players, the dominant foot's valgus angle was larger than the non-dominant foot. Therefore, the basketball players' dominant foot is probably more vulnerable to non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching is considered a clinically effective w... more Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching is considered a clinically effective way to enhance muscle properties; however, rare information exists about its effect on muscle flexibility and strength of the patients with stroke. To investigate the efficacy of PNF exercise on lower extremity muscle flexibility and strength after stroke. Methods: Twenty-four men with stroke were chosen for the current study and assigned to two groups, PNF (n=12, mean age=59.3) and control group (n=12, mean age=58.7). Both groups received conventional rehabilitation three times a week for two months, while the PNF group received an additional 20-minute contract-relax (CR) method of PNF exercises during each session. Gastrocnemius and hamstring flexibility have been measured pre-and post-intervention by wall lunge and active straight leg raising (aSLR) tests, respectively. Additionally, hamstring and quadriceps strength has been measured pre-and post-intervention by a hand-held dynamometer. A 2×2 mixed repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to analyze data. Results: Significant interaction of time x group was found for hamstring flexibility (F=33.24, P<0.01) and strength (F=23.86, P<0.01). Post hoc analysis indicated that aSLR (effect size=0.75) and hamstring strength (effect size=0.67) significantly increased in the PNF group. No significant interactions or main effects were observed for gastrocnemius flexibility and quadriceps strength. Conclusion: The results indicate that eight weeks of PNF stretching improves hamstring muscle flexibility and strength in patients with stroke. However, future studies have to confirm the prolonged effects of PNF exercise.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
Proper posture is essential for maintaining musculoskeletal health. The stability of the spine de... more Proper posture is essential for maintaining musculoskeletal health. The stability of the spine depends largely on the curvature of the human upright spine, and deviations in sagittal arches may signify a displacement in the body's center of gravity. This study aims to investigate the relationship between spinal curvature and postural stability to promote optimal spinal health. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 120 recreationally active university students (60 men and 60 women) were selected and grouped by gender. Postural stability was assessed using the balance error scoring system (BESS), and the craniovertebral angle (CVA) was evaluated through photographic methods. Kyphosis and lordosis angles were also measured using specific anatomical landmarks. Correlation analyses were performed using Pearson's and Spearman's tests, with a statistical significance of P≤0.05, to explore the relationship between the variables Results: The study's results showed no significant correlations between thoracic kyphosis, lower back lordosis, and the CVA with BESS scores, except within the male group, where a significant correlation was found between BESS and kyphosis (P=0.01). Conclusion: This study suggests that evaluating thoracic kyphosis can be crucial to enhance postural stability in recreationally active adults. Further research can investigate interventions aimed at improving postural stability among individuals with kyphosis.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
Many available questionnaires fail to distinguish between the severity of symptoms and functional... more Many available questionnaires fail to distinguish between the severity of symptoms and functional limitations caused by low back pain (LBP) in different areas. Therefore, it is difficult to determine which symptoms and functional limitations are associated with existing low back pain. The lack of a specific questionnaire for functional symptoms and constraints related to back pain in the Persian language in Iran has made it necessary to develop new and reliable tools in this field. Therefore, this research aims to localize and validate the Persian version of this questionnaire. Methods: The questionnaire was finalized after necessary corrections using the translation-retranslation method. Two methods, content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR), were used to ensure content validity. The internal consistency test (Cronbach's α) reliability and test re-test reliability were evaluated. Results: The CVI results indicated that all questions scored above 0.79 in communication, clarity, simplicity, and ambiguity. The questionnaire demonstrated a high level of content validity with an average CVI (S-CUI/Ave) of 0.93. Statistical analysis revealed high internal consistency for the symptoms (26 questions, Cronbach's α=0.91) and functional limitations (29 questions, Cronbach's α=0.95) section of the questionnaire. Conclusion: After conducting the questionnaire, it is possible to identify people with varying levels of pain and functional limitations associated with chronic low back pain. It can help determine the progression of symptoms and limitations.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
Purpose: Footwear used by military individuals is essential to be scientifically evaluated during... more Purpose: Footwear used by military individuals is essential to be scientifically evaluated during daily activities. This research aims to examine muscular activities while running with rubber's new boots compared to used boots in men with healthy and pronated feet. Methods: Twenty-four men aged 20-25 years (12 men in the pronated group, and 12 men in the healthy group) participated in this research using the convenience sampling method. The subjects received two used and new boots. The boots were made of rubber. Electromyography (EMG) data of the dominant limb were collected while running at constant speed. Results: The main effect of "boot type" for semitendinosus muscle activity (P=0.018, η 2 =0.248) during the loading phase and tibialis anterior (P=0.041, η 2 =0.177) during mid-stance. Conclusion: Rubber boots mileage effect on selected muscle activities in men with and without pronated feet. The use of used rubber boots can increase running-related risk factors.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
Purpose: Among female athletes, dynamic knee valgus (DKV) is one of the most common injuries, esp... more Purpose: Among female athletes, dynamic knee valgus (DKV) is one of the most common injuries, especially anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. This study aims to compare lower limb coordination in athletes with and without DKV during walking. Methods: In this case-control study, 32 recreational female athletes were recruited in two groups, 17 with DKV and 15 without DKV (WDKV). A motion analysis system was used to gather kinematic data at 200 Hz. The participants were educated to walk barefoot on an 8-meter pathway comfortably. The segmental angles in each motion plane were then calculated using MATLAB software, version 9.14. The mean absolute relative phase (MARP) and deviation phase (DP) were extracted for the pelvic-thigh, thigh-shank, and shank-foot segments. A two-sample t-test was used to compare the mean values of the MARP and DP in the gait stance and swing phases. The significance level is 95% (P<0.05). Results: Female athletes with DKV dis p layed distinct intersegmental coordination patterns between the thigh-shank, pelvis-thigh, and shank-foot in their lower extremities during walking, which were different compared to athletes without DKV (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that female athletes with DKV exhibit distinct intersegmental coordination patterns in the pelvis-thigh, shank-foot, and thigh-shank during walking. These results indicate that for corrective protocols or risk reduction measures for athletes with DKV, significant attention should be paid t o the intersegmental coordination patterns of the lower extremity joints. Establishing stabil i ty and coordination between the proximal and distal segments of all lower limb joints is crucial to address the intersegmental coordination patterns at the knee to decrease the risk of ACL injuries in DKV-afflicted athletes.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
It is essential to analyze demographic characteristics to enhance the performance of the block ju... more It is essential to analyze demographic characteristics to enhance the performance of the block jump skill based on the kinetics domain. For this reason, this study aims to analyze the relationship between jump height and the demographic characteristics of young volleyball players while performing block jumps based on kinetics. Methods: This study included twenty-one young male volleyball players. Each player was instructed to perform 3 block jumps on a force plate using maximum power, and their jump height was estimated using a kinetics method. Moreover, the players' demographic features, such as height and weight were also measured for the analysis. To determine the relationship between the players' jump height and demographic characteristics, a one-way linear regression statistical method was used. Results: No significant relationship was found between height and weight (demographic characteristics) and jump height. However, height had a higher factor loading with jump height, indicating more correlation with jump height than weight (P≤0.05). Conclusion: To enhance the jumping and landing abilities of elite volleyball players, it is suggested that coaches, players, and specialists assess biomechanical performance through various means. Demographic characteristics can serve as useful indicators to improve performance. A thorough analysis of these indicators can significantly aid in achieving success in volleyball.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
Purpose: Ultrasonography (US) can be used to measure the dimensions and the cross-section of musc... more Purpose: Ultrasonography (US) can be used to measure the dimensions and the cross-section of muscles. This study aims to investigate the intra-and inter-tester reproducibility of the US measures of the cross-section of the longus colli (LC) muscle at rest and in contraction states in patients with chronic non-specific neck pain (CNSNP) and healthy individuals. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on seven healthy individuals and seven patients with chronic non-specific pains. The cross-section of the LC muscle was measured at rest and in contraction states at the C5-6 vertebrae by two raters using the US on two consecutive days. The data were analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: The intra-tester reproducibility was excellent in the healthy (ICC>0.97) and patient (ICC>0.95) groups at rest and in contraction. The inter-tester reproducibility was great in the healthy group (ICC>0.97) in both states and at rest (ICC=0.98) and in the contraction (ICC>0.95) in the patient group. Conclusion: The results revealed that the US demonstrated higher agreement in measuring the cross-section of the LC in healthy subjects and patients with CNSNP. Thus, this method is reliable and can be used to measure the cross-section of the muscles.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
People with both pronated feet and anterior cruciate ligament repair may benefit from walking on ... more People with both pronated feet and anterior cruciate ligament repair may benefit from walking on sand as a therapeutic option. The consequences of walking on sand on the muscular activity and gait biomechanics of these people are not well understood. This study aims to determine how sand training affects gait mechanics in individuals with both anterior cruciate ligament repair and pronated foot. Methods: The intervention and control groups included 28 adult males with pronated feet, where anterior cruciate ligament repair was randomly performed. The walking task was done on an 18-meter walkway at a consistent velocity. Muscle activities and ground reaction forces (GRF) were recorded using an electromyography system and a Bertec force plate, respectively. Results: Group-by-time interactions were significant for anterior and posterior reaction forces (P<0.019; d=0.49-0.66). Post hoc analysis demonstrated a significant increase for anterior and posterior reaction forces in control but not in the intervention groups. Also, group-by-time interactions were significant for vastus activities during heel contact (P=0.033; d=0.88). Conclusion: The results showed that vastus lateralis activity was higher in the intervention group during the heel contact than those of the control group.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
The present study aims to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of functional training based on funct... more The present study aims to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of functional training based on functional impairments on the scores of 9+ tests in active men. Methods: The current research design was a randomized field trial. For this purpose, 30 active men with movement impairments whose 9+ test scores measured with the functional movement screening (FMS) kit were less than 14 were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then 9+ tests were measured and randomly divided into two equal experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The experimental group performed functional exercises based on functional defects for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week, and each session lasting 40 minutes). During this period, the control group continued their normal activities. After 8 weeks of functional exercises, a 9+ test was taken from the subjects as a pre-test. Paired t-test was used to evaluate the results within the group and an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to evaluate the results between groups at a significance level of 0.05 in SPSS software, version 22. Results: The results of the paired t-test showed that in all 9+ tests, except the shoulder mobility test (P<0.05), a significant difference was observed in the post-test compared to the pre-test only in the experimental group (P<0.05). Also, the results of the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05) in all variables, except the shoulder mobility test (P=0.22). So that the scores of all variables in the experimental group improved compared to the control group Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, we conclude that performing 8 weeks of functional exercises can probably lead to improving functional movement patterns and improving the movement impairments of active men. These athletes and coaches can use these exercises to reduce movement impairments.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
The rapid and limitless outbreak of the coronavirus in 2019 caused athletes to quarantine in thei... more The rapid and limitless outbreak of the coronavirus in 2019 caused athletes to quarantine in their homes, resulting in stress and anxiety and the experience of negative symptoms, such as sleep disorder. The present study aims to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of yoga exercise on athletes' anxiety and sleep quality during the pandemic. Methods: Twenty-four athletes with an average age of 18 to 25 years were selected and classified into two experimental and control groups. Before and after the intervention, Beck's anxiety inventory and Pittsburgh's sleep quality inventory were used to collect data. The experimental group training protocol consisted of 24 Hatha yoga exercise sessions (60 minutes, three times a week). Due to the coronavirus epidemic, online training was conducted by an experienced yoga coach. The statistical method of covariance analysis was used to investigate the difference between the pre-test and post-test. Results: Data analysis showed that in the experimental group, the anxiety mean scores in the pretest decreased in the post-test, and the quality of sleep scores improved after yoga sessions. Also, a significant difference was observed between the experimental and control groups regarding anxiety (P<0.05) and sleep quality (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, yoga exercises are an effective way to reduce anxiety and improve athletes, sleep quality, and athletes can benefit from yoga exercises along with their specialized exercises to control their negative emotions, reduce mental symptoms, and enjoy relaxation. Not only athletes but all people in the community can incorporate yoga and meditation exercises into their lifestyles to control their negative emotions.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal, 2024
The current study aims to investigate the effect of a comprehensive warm-up program on functional... more The current study aims to investigate the effect of a comprehensive warm-up program on functional movement (FM) patterns and landing errors of young male wrestlers. Methods: For this purpose, 50 wrestlers from Karaj City, Iran were selected as available to participate in the research and then randomly divided into two equal experimental groups (25 people) and a control group (25 people). Then, the landing error scoring system (LESS) test was used to evaluate the landing error, and deep squat, lunge, shoulder mobility, and rotational stability tests were used to measure the quality of movement patterns, and finally, the Nordic questionnaire was used to measure musculoskeletal pain. The experimental group performed special wrestling warm-up exercises for eight weeks and three sessions of 30 minutes per week. Results: The results of the chi-square test showed that the musculoskeletal pain in the knee area of the subjects in the experimental group improved significantly after eight weeks of training (P=0.04), but the musculoskeletal pain in the shoulder and trunk of the wrestlers did not improve significantly (P>0.05). The results of the U-Man-Whitney U test showed that among the variables related to performance, no significant difference was observed in the post-test in the right and left shoulder mobility test (P<0.05) and in other research tests, a significant difference was observed between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that trainers can use the training protocol of the present research to improve landing error and musculoskeletal pain in the knee joint, along with other common training protocols.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal, 2024
This study aims to investigate the effects of an eight-week sensorimotor training (SMT) program w... more This study aims to investigate the effects of an eight-week sensorimotor training (SMT) program with visual feedback (VF) on knee joint proprioception and alignment in women with dynamic knee valgus (DKV). Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 women with DKV were selected and randomly divided into two groups (intervention and control groups) of 15 participants each. The intervention group underwent an eight-week VF-based SMT program consisting of three sessions lasting 60 minutes each week. Meanwhile, the control group continued with their daily routine during this period. After the training, all participants' knee joint proprioception and alignment were assessed using the single-leg squat test (SLST) and single-leg landing test (SLLT). The results were analyzed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in the IBM SPSS Statistics software, version 26, with a significance level of P<0.05. Results: The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) results indicated a significant improvement in proprioception (P=0.038) and knee alignment (P=0.001) in the intervention group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The study suggests that practicing SMT with VF can enhance knee joint proprioception and alignment in women with DKV.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal, 2024
Walking is a complex activity that involves multiple parts of the body, including the lower limb,... more Walking is a complex activity that involves multiple parts of the body, including the lower limb, upper limb, trunk, head, and neck. Contrary to popular belief, walking is not solely related to the forward movement of the legs. Biomechanical analysis, especially in terms of mechanical power, is an essential aspect of gait studying. The study aims to explore how altering arm swing speed affects the 3D maximum mechanical power of the lower limb while walking. Methods: In this study, 30 healthy women walked on a force plate path in front of cameras in three states of normal upper limb swing, fast upper limb swing, and slow upper limb swing. The calculation of muscle power in each lower limb joint and plane is based on the product of the joint moment and its angular velocity. The average mechanical power of the joints was compared using the repeated measurement test (P≤0.05). Results: The results showed that changing the swing speed of the arm has a significant effect on all absorption and production parameters related to the mechanical power of the lower limb joints. Conclusion: In conclusion, any change in arm movement during walking can affect movement, balance, and gait biomechanics.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal, 2024
Purpose: Fatigue, imbalance, and walking disorder were commonly observed in patients with multipl... more Purpose: Fatigue, imbalance, and walking disorder were commonly observed in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) as debilitating symptoms. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) separately and in combination with virtual reality (VR) training on fatigue, balance, and walking (speed and stride length) in patients with MS.
Methods: The present clinical trial research was conducted with 30 MS patients aged 18-55 years (including 21 women and 9 men). The random assignment of subjects was assessed into one of three groups, tDCS group, VR group, and combined tDCS-VR training group. In the tDCS group, the M1 motor cortex was stimulated by direct electrical current in five sessions, and VR training patients participated in the VR program for six sessions. In the combination intervention, participants were delivered tDCS before each VR session. Fatigue severity scale (FSS), Berg balance scale (BBS), and 25-foot walk test (T25-FW) were used to evaluate the fatigue, balance, and walking speed respectively as pre and post-tests. Statistical analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare the results between the three groups.
Results: Our results showed a significant effect of tDCS, VR, and tDCS-VR on fatigue and a significant effect of VR and tDCS-VR on balance and walking speed in patients with MS (P<0.05). In comparing the different interventions performed on the effect on fatigue and balance and walking speed, the improvements were significant in VR and tDCS-VR groups compared to the tDCS group (P<0.05); however, the difference was not significant between VR and tDCS-VR groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Despite the positive effect of fatigue, we found VR and tDCS-VR to be a more effective method for treating balance and walking of the patient. The combination effect of tDCS with VR therapy, should be investigated further.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
Past research supports the hypothesis that the position of basketball players affects their susce... more Past research supports the hypothesis that the position of basketball players affects their susceptibility to injury; however, there is disagreement among researchers regarding which positions are at greater risk of injury. The current study compares the lower limb joint angles in basketball players with dynamic knee valgus deficiency across different positions. Methods: In this study, 27 basketball players with dynamic knee valgus deficiency were purposefully selected in three groups as follows: Guards (mean age=19.77±2.68 years, mean height=1.77±0.04 cm, and mean weight=63.40±5.10 kg), forwards (mean age=20.22±2.90 years, mean height=187±0.04 cm, and mean weight=76.80±2.94 kg) and centers (mean age=22.33±3.27years, mean height=1.99±0.04 cm, and mean weight=98.84±18.42 kg), within the age range of 16 to 26 years. The anthropometric characteristics of the players, including height, weight, shoulder width, hip width, anterior superior iliac spine distance, lower limb length, Q angle, knee width, and ankle width, were measured. To evaluate the lower limb angles in the sagittal and frontal planes, imaging was performed using two digital cameras at a distance of 366 cm and a height of 105 cm relative to the subject, and the subjects performed three countermovement jumps. The analysis was conducted using the Kinovea software. To compare the mean variables of the study, mixed-design analysis of variance (2×3), one-way analysis of variance, and the Bonferroni post hoc tests were utilized. All hypothesis tests were conducted at a significance level of P≤0.05. Results: There was no significant difference in the initial contact angle of the hip joint (P=0.537), maximum hip flexion (P=0.891), initial contact angle of the knee joint (P=0.264), maximum knee flexion (P=0.321), initial contact angle of the ankle joint (P=0.116), and maximum ankle flexion (P=0.393) among the three groups. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the initial contact angle of the knee joint in dominant (P=0.059) and non-dominant (P=0.490) legs, as well as in the maximum knee flexion in dominant (P=0.872) and non-dominant (P=0.552) legs. Conclusion: No significant differences were observed in the lower limb joint angles among the three groups of guards, forwards, and centers. Therefore, different basketball positions may not be a significant risk factor for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
Purpose: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent orthopedic condition that significantly affects... more Purpose: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent orthopedic condition that significantly affects patients' well-being. This study investigates the spatial and temporal gait characteristics of patients with early-stage KOA during stair ascent and descent compared to healthy individuals. Methods: A total of 12 individuals diagnosed with KOA and 12 healthy controls participated in the study. The diagnosis of KOA was based on the clinical criteria provided by the American College of Rheumatology, and disease severity was evaluated using the Kellgren-Lawrence grading scale. A thorough inclusion and exclusion protocol ensured that the participants met specific criteria. Spatial-temporal variables were measured using a 3D motion capture system during stair negotiation. A repeated-measure multivariate analysis of covariance was used for the statistical analyses (P<0.05). Results: Significant differences in spatial and temporal gait variables were observed between individuals with KOA and the healthy control group during stair descending and ascending. The KOA group exhibited shorter step length (P=0.019), wider step width (P=0.029), shorter step time in both directions (P=0.022 for descending, P=0.031 for ascending), increased time in double support phase in both directions (P=0.009 for descending, P=0.004 for ascending), prolonged total stance time in both directions (P=0.003 for descending, P=0.009 for ascending), and lower gait velocity in both directions (P<0.001). During stair ascent, the overall gait velocity decreased (P<0.001), step width increased (P=0.039), and more time was allocated to single support (P=0.009), double support (P=0.038), and total stance (P<0.001). These findings highlight the significant differences in gait variables observed in individuals with knee osteoarthritis during stair walking compared to the control group. Conclusion: These findings provide valuable insights into how KOA impacts gait adaptations during stair climbing. The results support the need for targeted treatment and rehabilitation programs to improve the quality of life for patients. These findings provide valuable insights for healthcare professionals, enabling better diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation for KOA patients. They also aid in developing assistive devices and assessing disease progression for improved patient care.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
This study examines the impact of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) on chest mobility, up... more This study examines the impact of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) on chest mobility, upright sitting height, and quality of life (QoL) in obese women. DNS exercises are used to assess and activate the spinal stabilizers to improve the performance of the posture and respiratory systems. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 60 participants were randomly assigned to two groups as follows: The DNS group (n=30) and the control group (n=30). To start, in a random order, each participant completed a pre-test of the upper chest mobility, lower chest mobility, upright sitting height, and QoL. The DNS protocol was then implemented, with participants undergoing training six times a week for six weeks. After the completion of training, a post-test was conducted to measure all parameters. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis and repeated measures analysis of variance in the SPSS software, version 23. Results: In the DNS group, significant improvements were observed in the post-test compared to the pre-test for upper chest mobility (2.1±1.6 vs 3.7±1.8 cm, P<0.001), lower chest mobility (2.9±1.4 vs 3.8±1.4 cm, P<0.001), upright sitting height (86.1±3.8 vs 87.7±3.8 cm, P<0.001), and QoL (63.7±17.8 vs 68.2±14.9, P<0.001). On the other hand, the control group did not show statistically significant changes in these parameters. Conclusion: DNS which prioritizes ideal alignment, is an effective protocol for enhancing upper chest mobility, lower chest mobility, upright sitting height, and QoL. It is recommended to incorporate breathing exercises to enhance chest mobility and posture. By doing so, physiological stabilization can be achieved, leading to improvements in the overall health and performance of obese individuals, ultimately enhancing their QoL.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
Studies show that upper-crossed syndrome causes a decrease in health and quality of life (QoL) in... more Studies show that upper-crossed syndrome causes a decrease in health and quality of life (QoL) in affected people due to various physiological and psychological complications. Considering the high prevalence of upper crossed syndrome, this study investigates the effectiveness of the Alexander technique on physical and mental dimensions of QoL in young men with upper crossed syndrome. Methods: We assigned 24 male participants (aged between 19-25 years) into two groups (experimental and control) using a convenience sampling method. We used the short form of health survey-36 to evaluate the physical and mental aspects of their health. After measuring the desired variables of all participants in the pre-test stage, the participants of the experimental condition completed 12 training sessions of the Alexander technique over six weeks. We used analysis of covariance and correlated t-test to analyze the results. Results: There was a significant difference between the physical dimension of QoL in the experimental condition after applying the Alexander technique intervention compared to the control condition (P<0.001). Similarly, there was a significant difference between the mental dimension of QoL in the experimental condition compared to the control condition (P<0.001). Conclusion: Considering the significant effect of the Alexander technique as an educational intervention on participants' physical and mental health in the current study, we suggest that health and rehabilitation experts use the Alexander technique as a psychophysical re-education method to practically improve health and QoL in individuals with upper-crossed syndrome.