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Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Parkinson disease is a prevalent neurodegenerative illness of the central nervous system that cau... more Parkinson disease is a prevalent neurodegenerative illness of the central nervous system that causes significant disability. Neurological and memory impairments are hallmarks of dementia, which has significant therapeutic implications for patients with Parkinson disease and is associated with elevated mortality. Non-motor symptoms, in addition to the traditional motor symptoms, were commonly acknowledged components of the clinical picture. Cognitive decline, including problems with memory and attention, was a crucial feature of the disease since it adds a great deal of burden to both the patient and caretakers. So, this study aims to find the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and aerobic exercise on the attention and memory in Parkinson disease dementia. Methods: A pilot study was conducted with 30 patients diagnosed with Parkinson disease dementia who had mild to moderate impairments in cognitive functions such as attention and memory. The participants were randomly divided into two groups, and the study was conducted in a private setting. Group A (n=15) received cognitive behavioral therapy, and group B (n=15) received aerobic exercise for 6 weeks daily for 30 minutes. Parkinson disease-cognitive rating scale and mini-mental state examination were used as outcome measures. Results: Cognitive behavioral therapy demonstrated a significantly greater improvement in cognitive functions than aerobic exercise (P<0.001), evidenced by paired and unpaired t-tests. Conclusion: The study concluded that cognitive behavioral therapy significantly outperforms aerobic exercise in enhancing attention and memory in dementia associated with Parkinson disease. These findings highlight the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral techniques as a key therapeutic intervention for improving cognitive function in this population.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
The scientific methods for evaluating muscle activity involve the use of various techniques. Biof... more The scientific methods for evaluating muscle activity involve the use of various techniques. Biofeedback, which consists of equipment providing individuals with real-time feedback regarding their physiological responses, is crucial in enhancing neuromuscular function. Despite its potential, the effectiveness of biofeedback interventions on motor performance remains a topic of debate. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of different biofeedback interventions on motor performance improvement in hand. This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the role of biofeedback in motor function improvement in hand. Methods: A total of 60 individuals were randomly assigned to one of four groups: Aircraft, visual gauge, pattern-tracking, and a control group. Preintervention and postintervention assessments were performed to evaluate motor performance in hand. Statistical analysis was conducted using the paired t-test to compare the root mean square error between groups. Results: The pattern-tracking group demonstrated significant motor performance improvement, with a statistically significant difference in root mean square error (P<0.001). This finding suggests that this specific biofeedback approach may effectively enhance motor performance in hand. Conclusion: The study's findings support the task-oriented approach, which emphasizes the importance of adaptability to environmental changes, and the part versus whole training theory, which argues that breaking down a motor task into smaller components improves performance. The results highlight the importance of similar practices to the final objective for motor function improvement in the hand area. The study's findings have implications for developing effective biofeedback interventions for motor performance improvement in individuals with handrelated motor impairments. Furthermore, the conclusions can be applied to various populations, including athletes and individuals in different lines of work, who can benefit from improved motor performance in their hands.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Karate is one of the most popular martial arts in the world, but its practice carries the risk of... more Karate is one of the most popular martial arts in the world, but its practice carries the risk of injury. This study examines the mechanisms and prevalence of injuries in female elite kumite karate players. Methods: This retrospective study investigated the prevalence of acute and chronic injuries during the last 6 months in black-belt female Karate players. The Oslo standard questionnaire was used in this study. This questionnaire covers musculoskeletal system care, comprising the severity of the injury, the location of the injury, the type of injury, the mechanism of injury, and the time of injury. Results: Results indicated that the knee was the most common location of acute injuries (χ 2 =248.052, P=0.001), and the lower back was the most common location of chronic injuries (χ 2 =129.342, P=0.001). Also, the findings showed that acute contact injuries are more prevalent than non-contact injuries (χ 2 =7.936, P=0.05), and these injuries have occurred more during training (χ 2 =7.263, P=0.064). In addition, the results demonstrated that sprain and fracture have the highest percentage in acute injuries (χ 2 =154.356, P=0.001) and other injuries and tendonitis have the highest rate in chronic injuries (χ 2 =7.263, P=0.064). Conclusion: The knees and lower back are more prone to injury than other body areas. Coaches and athletes should consider preventive programs to help decrease the risk of injury in these areas.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a leading cause of foot discomfort and significantly impacts the overal... more Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a leading cause of foot discomfort and significantly impacts the overall quality of life. Trigger points dry needling is an alternative treatment for heel pain. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the quadratus plantae muscle dry needling on pain and variations in the thickness of the plantar fascia among individuals with plantar fasciitis using ultrasound imaging. Forty patients in the intervention and control group were taught to massage and stretch the plantar fascia for 2 weeks. The patients in the intervention group underwent quadratus plantae muscle dry-needling twice a week for 2 weeks. Plantar fascia thickness and pain were measured with ultrasound and visual analog scale, respectively. Study variables were measured before the first and last sessions in both groups. To analyze the data, paired t-test, and independent t-test were used with a significance level of 0.05. Results: No significant difference in pain reduction was shown in between-group comparison (P=0.077). Between-group comparison after 2 weeks of treatment indicated a significant decrease in plantar fascia thickness following dry needling (P<0.001 with a moderate effect of 0.33). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that quadratus plantae muscle dry needling is significantly effective in improving pain and reducing plantar fascia thickness in patients with plantar fasciitis.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal, 2025
Many available questionnaires fail to distinguish between the severity of symptoms and functional... more Many available questionnaires fail to distinguish between the severity of symptoms and functional limitations caused by neck pain in different areas. Therefore, determining symptoms and functional limitations that are associated with existing neck pain is difficult. The lack of a specific questionnaire for functional symptoms and constraints related to neck pain in Persian has made it necessary to develop new and reliable tools in this field. Therefore, this research aims to localize and validate the Persian version of this questionnaire. Methods: The questionnaire was finalized after necessary corrections were made using the translation back-translation method. The content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were used to ensure content validity. The internal consistency test (Cronbach α) reliability and test re-test reliability were assessed. Results: The CVI results indicated that all questions scored above 0.79 in communication, clarity, simplicity, and ambiguity. The questionnaire demonstrated a high level of content validity with an S-CUI/Ave (scale-level. CVI. based on the average. method) of 0.94. Statistical analysis revealed high internal consistency for the symptoms (27 questions, Cronbach α=0.91) and functional limitations (20 questions, Cronbach α=0.93) sections of the questionnaire. Conclusion: After conducting the questionnaire, it is possible to identify people with varying levels of pain and functional limitations associated with neck pain. It can help determine the progression of symptoms and limitations.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Low back pain (LBP) is a health problem. Rehabilitation could be a suitable therapy for LBP patie... more Low back pain (LBP) is a health problem. Rehabilitation could be a suitable therapy for LBP patients. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of movement pattern training on LBP patients has not been assessed scientifically. So, this research examined the effects of movement pattern exercise on general lower limb muscular co-contraction in patients with non-specific chronic LBP during walking. Methods: The current research was quasi-experimental. Forty male adults who experienced non-specific chronic LBP voluntarily enrolled in this study. Twenty samples were assigned in the intervention group and 20 in the control group. The exercise protocol used in this study was based on the Harris-Hayes et al. protocol, which takes 18 supervised training sessions (during 6 weeks). The assessments were conducted before the intervention and again after 6 weeks. General co-contraction of the lower limb muscles was recorded using electromyography while walking, and the total activation of the muscles that abounded the joint was calculated. Results: The findings indicate a significant decrease in general co-contraction of the ankle in the intervention group at propulsion (P=0.011, ƞ 2 =0.160). Also, the results show that at the loading phase, general knee co-contraction is greater in the experimental group compared with the control group (P=0.037, ƞ 2 =0.110). Conclusion: Our research reveals that the training program improves the general co-contraction of the lower limb muscles in individuals with LBP.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Purpose: Opioid use disorder has increased worldwide in recent years, and Iran ranks first in ter... more Purpose: Opioid use disorder has increased worldwide in recent years, and Iran ranks first in terms of opium smoking in the world. Opium smoking by traditional methods, in addition to dependence on morphine, is a behavioral addiction in Iran. The body position during opium smoking is usually non-ergonomic. This study aims to compare sway-back posture and musculoskeletal problems between opium smokers and non-drug users. Methods: This cross-sectional research is a comparative study. We selected 80 people with opium use disorder (whose main method of their consumption was smoking) and 74 non-drug users. We compared them regarding sway angle (sway back posture) and musculoskeletal complaints (NORDIC questionnaire), and the association of possible risk factors was investigated. We analyzed data using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, correlation coefficient, and paired t-test using SPSS software, version 23. Results: Two study groups were significantly different in terms of sway back posture (P=0.007), neck (P<0.001), upper back (P<0.001), and lower back (P=0.006) musculoskeletal complaints. Homelessness had a significant correlation with sway back posture and musculoskeletal complaints. Also, the daily duration of opium smoking (in minutes) and opium smoking duration in lifetime (in months) were significantly correlated. Homelessness was the strongest predictor and had the strongest correlation. Conclusion: In general, increasing the duration of sitting in non-ergonomic positions can increase sway angle and sway back posture and increase musculoskeletal complaints of the neck, upper back, and lower back due to the non-neutral posture of opium smoking. It seems that plasticity and structural and functional adaptations of the posture occur due to opium smoking. So, further studies are recommended.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Music is one of the most widely used artistic elements in different societies. Today, it has draw... more Music is one of the most widely used artistic elements in different societies. Today, it has drawn much attention due to its extensive societal effects. Music stimuli can affect human sports performance and gait as important indicators of different health conditions. This review study investigates how listening to music affects sports performance and gait. Methods: This systematic review based on a descriptive-analytical method was conducted to investigate the interaction of music with sports performance and gait. We searched in reliable citation databases based on the keywords "gait", "music", and "biomechanics" in articles published between 2003 and 2023. After the final screening, the full texts of 11 studies were extracted and analyzed. Results: Based on the interpretation of the qualitative findings of the articles, it was observed that music can improve sports and gait performance. For example, changes in walking speed, step length, rhythm, and step time were significantly improved in the gait kinematic section. Conclusion: Listening to music improves motor performance in clinical settings and functional environments. In addition, music can be used as a therapeutic agent or directly in treating people with movement disorders.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Liver diseases are among the most common disorders worldwide. For liver transplant patients, the ... more Liver diseases are among the most common disorders worldwide. For liver transplant patients, the presence of postoperative problems increases the complexity of postoperative nursing. Patients' hospitalization is prolonged, and the costs of hospitalization increase. Data mining has become an easy way to predict diseases in recent years. Accordingly, this study compares and predicts the complications of hepatic encephalopathy in active and inactive men after liver transplantation. Methods: The statistical population of this study was 852 people. Among them, 350 active men (162 healthy people and 188 people with encephalopathy symptoms) and 402 inactive men (210 healthy people and 192 people with encephalopathy symptoms) were selected as study subjects. These people underwent a liver transplant in the hospital between 2010 and 2011. The random forest algorithm and 14 features from laboratory records were used to predict encephalopathy complications after liver transplantation. Meanwhile, MATLAB software, version 2023, was used for data analysis. Results: There was no significant difference in predicting encephalopathy complications by random forest algorithm between active and inactive men. Also, this study showed that the random forest algorithm using 14 features is 76.2% and 75.5% accurate for diagnosing hepatic encephalopathy after liver transplantation in active and inactive men, respectively. Conclusion: Computer-based decision support systems can help to reduce poor healthcare decisions and the expenses associated with unneeded clinical trials in both active and inactive populations. Based on the accuracy of the random forest algorithm on the data, this system can assist clinicians in forecasting the risk of hepatic encephalopathy following transplantation with high accuracy and at a cheap cost.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Purpose: Patients with multiple sclerosis face challenges associated with their physical aspects.... more Purpose: Patients with multiple sclerosis face challenges associated with their physical aspects. This study evaluates the effect of six weeks of Pilates training with music on balance and the quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients. Methods: The study's sample were 29 women with multiple sclerosis, in the age range of 20 to 30 years with a disability level 2-5 and divided into three groups. The initial test group conducted Pilates workouts for six weeks. Every workout consisted of three components, warm-up, Pilates exercise session, and cooldown. Participants in the second experimental group exercised with music, while the control group only performed their daily activities. Next, the participants underwent a post-test phase, utilizing the tool that was referenced. Analysis of covariance and Fisher least significant difference post hoc analysis were conducted to evaluate group differences and determine statistical significance (P<0.05). Results: According to the statistical analysis, there were significant differences in the components of static and dynamic balance and the quality of life between the experimental and control groups. Furthermore, there was no notable distinction in the results between the Pilates workout regimen with music and without music. However, Pilates without music outperformed in all three aspects. Conclusion: The quality of Pilates exercises was regarded as significantly necessary during the Pilates exercises program with music, and precision should be required when using music appropriately to increase effect.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Purpose: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common neuropathies. Among the treatment... more Purpose: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common neuropathies. Among the treatment modalities, exercise therapy, in addition to its therapeutic effects, does not require continuous clinic visits or a therapist's constant presence, saving the patient time and money. Accordingly, this study compares two models of therapeutic exercises, including nerve glide and tendon glide. Methods: The participants were divided into two random groups (n=25 in each group). The first group received ultrasound and nerve gliding exercises; the second group received ultrasound and tendon gliding exercises. The treatment lasted 8 weeks (2 times weekly) and the participants conducted the exercises at home under supervision. Before and after the intervention, a visual analog scale (VAS), Boston questionnaire, dynamometer measures, and electro-diagnostic tests were done in both groups. Results: Regarding the effects of the neural and tendon gliding techniques, there are contradictory findings in the studies, often due to the lack of standardized study protocols and the absence of gold-standard outcome measures. Conclusion: With the establishment of standardized protocols and the use of reliable and practical outcome measures in the current study, doing exercises at home and having a followup to assess the sustainability of treatment effects, neural gliding may be more effective in the treatment of CTS, considering the nature of the injury.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Biofeedback therapy is widely used as a treatment method for rehabilitating stroke patients. This... more Biofeedback therapy is widely used as a treatment method for rehabilitating stroke patients. This study examines the effects of long-term hand biofeedback therapy on the upper limb function and quality of life of elderly people who have had a stroke. Methods: A total of 40 stroke patients were divided into a control group and an electromyography biofeedback training group. After two years of treatment, evaluations were performed to assess the impact of electromyography biofeedback training on upper limb function and quality of life for both groups. Results: The results indicated that after two years of hand biofeedback, only the quality of life improved, while the function of the upper limb did not show significant changes (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Long-term use of the biofeedback exercise method in stroke patients primarily impacts their quality of life rather than significantly affecting the function of their upper limbs.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common condition characterized by pain in the front of t... more Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common condition characterized by pain in the front of the knee. Patellar taping can be an effective intervention for reducing painful symptoms. Methods: A total of 39 women with PFPS (aged 20-30 years) participated in this randomized crossover trial. The CoP oscillations during the single-leg stance test and TTS after descending the step were evaluated and recorded on three separate days under the following conditions: without tape (WT or control), with DT and with KT. This was done using a foot pressure measurement system. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance with a significance level of P≤0.05. Results: Comparing three different conditions demonstrated that the CoP sway, including the mediolateral and anteroposterior oscillations, sway area, path length, and average velocity of oscillations significantly decreased in the eyes-open and eyes-closed states during the DT condition as compared to the WT (P<0.05). Furthermore, the TTS significantly decreased in the DT condition compared to the WT (P<0.001) and KT (P=0.007) conditions. KT reduced CoP variables only in the EsC condition (P<0.05). Conclusion: DT was more effective than KT and this intervention enhances postural control in women with PFPS. Given its positive effects, it is recommended that future research investigate the long-term impact of utilizing this intervention.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Kyphosis is associated with relatively altered vertebral body shape, reduced bone density and fit... more Kyphosis is associated with relatively altered vertebral body shape, reduced bone density and fitness, and decreased muscle strength; accordingly, this study investigates the effects of two types of thoracolumbosacral braces on gait kinetics and muscle activities during walking before and after puberty in kyphosis child. Methods: A total of 40 (20 boys and 20 girls) with kyphosis volunteered to participate in this study. The participants were divided into four equal groups (boys before and after puberty and girls before and after puberty). Kinetic and electromyography data were recorded during walking. Results: Significant decreases and medium to large bracing effects for peak vertical and lateral ground reaction forces during heel contact were observed. Meanwhile, there were significant increases and medium to large-sized bracing effects for gas-med and biceps femoris activities during the loading phase of walking. Conclusion: Lower vertical ground reaction force at brace conditions demonstrates the improvement of gait efficiency before and after puberty.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Structural-oriented changes caused by aging among older people are common due to mobility poverty... more Structural-oriented changes caused by aging among older people are common due to mobility poverty. This study investigates the effect of eight weeks of Pilates exercise training on functional indicators and postural abnormalities in older men. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study with a control group, 26 men aged between 60 and 70 years were randomly divided into an experimental group (n=13) and a control group (n=13). The Pilates exercise program lasted eight weeks (three sessions per week) and each session for 55 to 60 min. Before and after the end of the training, functional indicators and postural abnormalities were measured. The paired t-test and the analysis of covariance were used within and between changes, respectively Results: There was a significant difference between the group of Pilates exercises compared to the control group in the level of flexibility, upper body strength, and dynamic strength in elderly men. Cardiorespiratory function (6.60%), upper limb strength (17.28%), leg dynamism (19.34%), and lower limb muscle endurance (11.61%) were significantly improved after the training intervention. There was a significant difference between the two groups in postural abnormalities only in the genu varum. However, the variables of forward head 2.22%, scoliosis 1.02%, kyphosis 4.73%, and lordosis 6.04% significantly decreased after the training intervention. Conclusion: Pilate's training has been linked to enhanced functional indicators and a reduction in abnormalities. Given the numerous benefits associated with Pilates, integrating it into public health exercise programs can prove to be a valuable addition. By making Pilates more accessible to a wider population and incorporating it into these programs, we can effectively enhance individuals' motivation to engage in physical activity. As a result, this will lead to an improved standard of living and overall quality of life for the population.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Purpose: One of the biggest factors reportedly interfering with the lives of individuals who suff... more Purpose: One of the biggest factors reportedly interfering with the lives of individuals who suffer from multiple sclerosis (MS) is fatigue. Prior research has demonstrated that combined training may benefit patients with MS. However, it has not been studied how combined exercise can lessen fatigue in people with MS. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes the results of studies that examine the effects of combined training on fatigue in individuals with MS.
Methods: We investigated randomized controlled studies (RCTs) that examined how combination training affected fatigue and were published from the start of the research until May 2024. The Wiley online library, PubMed, Medline, PEDro, ScienceDirect, and Frontiers were among the electronic databases that were searched. PEDro and McMaster’s measures were used to assess the quality of included research.
Results: The study’s requirements were satisfied by six RCTs with 279 participants. Using a random effect model of meta-analysis, the weighted mean differences of fatigue were 1.81 (95% CI, 2.83%, 0.79%) with P=0.002. Accordingly, exercise training is useful in lowering fatigue in individuals with MS since all included RCTs revealed significant differences between the subjects assigned to the combined exercise group and the control group.
Conclusion: Combined training can be a useful strategy for helping individuals with MS manage their weariness.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
This research aims to investigate the effect of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IAS... more This research aims to investigate the effect of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) and Faradic electrotherapy (FES) on lower limb coupling during gait in a patient with excessive ankle stiffness. Methods: The study was conducted on a single patient who was diagnosed with ankle stiffness, decreased muscle strength due to 3.5 years of immobilization of the ankle joint, and was experiencing difficulty in walking. The patient underwent a 12-week treatment program that included IASTM and FES. The lower limb kinematics were measured using a motion analysis system before and after the intervention and couplings were calculated for 3-dimensional ankle movement. Results: The results of the study changed ankle-knee, ankle-hip sagittal and transverse, and knee-hip frontal and transverse plane coupling during different subphases of gait after the intervention. The observed coordination pattern in the subjects under investigation approached a level of similarity to that of healthy individuals in loading response (LR) and midstance (MS) for the ankle-knee sagittal plane. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that IASTM and FES can be used as effective interventions to lower limb coordination during gait in patients with post-operation complications. Further research on more patients is required.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
Since the foot is vital for maintaining stability and posture, knowing the difference between dom... more Since the foot is vital for maintaining stability and posture, knowing the difference between dominant and non-dominant knees can help reduce the risk of knee injury. Basketball players with dynamic knee valgus (DKV) following fatigue application were the subjects of the current study, which compared the angle and pattern of knee valgus in dominant and nondominant feet. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, our selection process involved choosing 27 basketball players with a knee dynamic valgus pattern (mean age=20.77±3.06 years, mean height=188±9 centimeters, and mean weight=79.68±18.35 kilograms) in a non-random, targeted manner. To assess the knee valgus angle in the frontal plane, we performed imaging using a digital camera positioned at 366 centimeters and a height of 105 centimeters relative to the subject. Furthermore, the subjects performed three countermovement jumps. Data were analyzed using "KINOVEA" software, version 0.9.5. In this study, players engaged in a 40-minute basketball game, conducted under regulations and including all scheduled rest periods. Results: No significant difference was observed between the pre-test and post-test in the dominant foot initial contact valgus variable (P=0.900), non-dominant foot initial contact valgus variable (P=0.134), dominant foot maximum flexion valgus variable (P=0.237), and non-dominant foot maximum flexion valgus variable (P=0.188), according to the results of the paired t-test for within-group comparison of the study's mean variables. Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was observed in the first contact valgus between the dominant and non-dominant foot prior to the test (P=0.485) or between the two groups after the test (P=0.066). However, a significant difference was found in the maximum flexion valgus between the dominant and nondominant foot before the test (P=0.012) and after the test (P=0.018), indicating that the dominant foot had a greater valgus angle than the non-dominant foot in both instances. Conclusion: The current study's results indicate that functional exhaustion, as employed in this investigation, does not raise the knee valgus angle; however, among basketball players, the dominant foot's valgus angle was larger than the non-dominant foot. Therefore, the basketball players' dominant foot is probably more vulnerable to non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching is considered a clinically effective w... more Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching is considered a clinically effective way to enhance muscle properties; however, rare information exists about its effect on muscle flexibility and strength of the patients with stroke. To investigate the efficacy of PNF exercise on lower extremity muscle flexibility and strength after stroke. Methods: Twenty-four men with stroke were chosen for the current study and assigned to two groups, PNF (n=12, mean age=59.3) and control group (n=12, mean age=58.7). Both groups received conventional rehabilitation three times a week for two months, while the PNF group received an additional 20-minute contract-relax (CR) method of PNF exercises during each session. Gastrocnemius and hamstring flexibility have been measured pre-and post-intervention by wall lunge and active straight leg raising (aSLR) tests, respectively. Additionally, hamstring and quadriceps strength has been measured pre-and post-intervention by a hand-held dynamometer. A 2×2 mixed repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to analyze data. Results: Significant interaction of time x group was found for hamstring flexibility (F=33.24, P<0.01) and strength (F=23.86, P<0.01). Post hoc analysis indicated that aSLR (effect size=0.75) and hamstring strength (effect size=0.67) significantly increased in the PNF group. No significant interactions or main effects were observed for gastrocnemius flexibility and quadriceps strength. Conclusion: The results indicate that eight weeks of PNF stretching improves hamstring muscle flexibility and strength in patients with stroke. However, future studies have to confirm the prolonged effects of PNF exercise.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
Proper posture is essential for maintaining musculoskeletal health. The stability of the spine de... more Proper posture is essential for maintaining musculoskeletal health. The stability of the spine depends largely on the curvature of the human upright spine, and deviations in sagittal arches may signify a displacement in the body's center of gravity. This study aims to investigate the relationship between spinal curvature and postural stability to promote optimal spinal health. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 120 recreationally active university students (60 men and 60 women) were selected and grouped by gender. Postural stability was assessed using the balance error scoring system (BESS), and the craniovertebral angle (CVA) was evaluated through photographic methods. Kyphosis and lordosis angles were also measured using specific anatomical landmarks. Correlation analyses were performed using Pearson's and Spearman's tests, with a statistical significance of P≤0.05, to explore the relationship between the variables Results: The study's results showed no significant correlations between thoracic kyphosis, lower back lordosis, and the CVA with BESS scores, except within the male group, where a significant correlation was found between BESS and kyphosis (P=0.01). Conclusion: This study suggests that evaluating thoracic kyphosis can be crucial to enhance postural stability in recreationally active adults. Further research can investigate interventions aimed at improving postural stability among individuals with kyphosis.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Parkinson disease is a prevalent neurodegenerative illness of the central nervous system that cau... more Parkinson disease is a prevalent neurodegenerative illness of the central nervous system that causes significant disability. Neurological and memory impairments are hallmarks of dementia, which has significant therapeutic implications for patients with Parkinson disease and is associated with elevated mortality. Non-motor symptoms, in addition to the traditional motor symptoms, were commonly acknowledged components of the clinical picture. Cognitive decline, including problems with memory and attention, was a crucial feature of the disease since it adds a great deal of burden to both the patient and caretakers. So, this study aims to find the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and aerobic exercise on the attention and memory in Parkinson disease dementia. Methods: A pilot study was conducted with 30 patients diagnosed with Parkinson disease dementia who had mild to moderate impairments in cognitive functions such as attention and memory. The participants were randomly divided into two groups, and the study was conducted in a private setting. Group A (n=15) received cognitive behavioral therapy, and group B (n=15) received aerobic exercise for 6 weeks daily for 30 minutes. Parkinson disease-cognitive rating scale and mini-mental state examination were used as outcome measures. Results: Cognitive behavioral therapy demonstrated a significantly greater improvement in cognitive functions than aerobic exercise (P<0.001), evidenced by paired and unpaired t-tests. Conclusion: The study concluded that cognitive behavioral therapy significantly outperforms aerobic exercise in enhancing attention and memory in dementia associated with Parkinson disease. These findings highlight the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral techniques as a key therapeutic intervention for improving cognitive function in this population.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
The scientific methods for evaluating muscle activity involve the use of various techniques. Biof... more The scientific methods for evaluating muscle activity involve the use of various techniques. Biofeedback, which consists of equipment providing individuals with real-time feedback regarding their physiological responses, is crucial in enhancing neuromuscular function. Despite its potential, the effectiveness of biofeedback interventions on motor performance remains a topic of debate. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of different biofeedback interventions on motor performance improvement in hand. This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the role of biofeedback in motor function improvement in hand. Methods: A total of 60 individuals were randomly assigned to one of four groups: Aircraft, visual gauge, pattern-tracking, and a control group. Preintervention and postintervention assessments were performed to evaluate motor performance in hand. Statistical analysis was conducted using the paired t-test to compare the root mean square error between groups. Results: The pattern-tracking group demonstrated significant motor performance improvement, with a statistically significant difference in root mean square error (P<0.001). This finding suggests that this specific biofeedback approach may effectively enhance motor performance in hand. Conclusion: The study's findings support the task-oriented approach, which emphasizes the importance of adaptability to environmental changes, and the part versus whole training theory, which argues that breaking down a motor task into smaller components improves performance. The results highlight the importance of similar practices to the final objective for motor function improvement in the hand area. The study's findings have implications for developing effective biofeedback interventions for motor performance improvement in individuals with handrelated motor impairments. Furthermore, the conclusions can be applied to various populations, including athletes and individuals in different lines of work, who can benefit from improved motor performance in their hands.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Karate is one of the most popular martial arts in the world, but its practice carries the risk of... more Karate is one of the most popular martial arts in the world, but its practice carries the risk of injury. This study examines the mechanisms and prevalence of injuries in female elite kumite karate players. Methods: This retrospective study investigated the prevalence of acute and chronic injuries during the last 6 months in black-belt female Karate players. The Oslo standard questionnaire was used in this study. This questionnaire covers musculoskeletal system care, comprising the severity of the injury, the location of the injury, the type of injury, the mechanism of injury, and the time of injury. Results: Results indicated that the knee was the most common location of acute injuries (χ 2 =248.052, P=0.001), and the lower back was the most common location of chronic injuries (χ 2 =129.342, P=0.001). Also, the findings showed that acute contact injuries are more prevalent than non-contact injuries (χ 2 =7.936, P=0.05), and these injuries have occurred more during training (χ 2 =7.263, P=0.064). In addition, the results demonstrated that sprain and fracture have the highest percentage in acute injuries (χ 2 =154.356, P=0.001) and other injuries and tendonitis have the highest rate in chronic injuries (χ 2 =7.263, P=0.064). Conclusion: The knees and lower back are more prone to injury than other body areas. Coaches and athletes should consider preventive programs to help decrease the risk of injury in these areas.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a leading cause of foot discomfort and significantly impacts the overal... more Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a leading cause of foot discomfort and significantly impacts the overall quality of life. Trigger points dry needling is an alternative treatment for heel pain. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the quadratus plantae muscle dry needling on pain and variations in the thickness of the plantar fascia among individuals with plantar fasciitis using ultrasound imaging. Forty patients in the intervention and control group were taught to massage and stretch the plantar fascia for 2 weeks. The patients in the intervention group underwent quadratus plantae muscle dry-needling twice a week for 2 weeks. Plantar fascia thickness and pain were measured with ultrasound and visual analog scale, respectively. Study variables were measured before the first and last sessions in both groups. To analyze the data, paired t-test, and independent t-test were used with a significance level of 0.05. Results: No significant difference in pain reduction was shown in between-group comparison (P=0.077). Between-group comparison after 2 weeks of treatment indicated a significant decrease in plantar fascia thickness following dry needling (P<0.001 with a moderate effect of 0.33). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that quadratus plantae muscle dry needling is significantly effective in improving pain and reducing plantar fascia thickness in patients with plantar fasciitis.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal, 2025
Many available questionnaires fail to distinguish between the severity of symptoms and functional... more Many available questionnaires fail to distinguish between the severity of symptoms and functional limitations caused by neck pain in different areas. Therefore, determining symptoms and functional limitations that are associated with existing neck pain is difficult. The lack of a specific questionnaire for functional symptoms and constraints related to neck pain in Persian has made it necessary to develop new and reliable tools in this field. Therefore, this research aims to localize and validate the Persian version of this questionnaire. Methods: The questionnaire was finalized after necessary corrections were made using the translation back-translation method. The content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were used to ensure content validity. The internal consistency test (Cronbach α) reliability and test re-test reliability were assessed. Results: The CVI results indicated that all questions scored above 0.79 in communication, clarity, simplicity, and ambiguity. The questionnaire demonstrated a high level of content validity with an S-CUI/Ave (scale-level. CVI. based on the average. method) of 0.94. Statistical analysis revealed high internal consistency for the symptoms (27 questions, Cronbach α=0.91) and functional limitations (20 questions, Cronbach α=0.93) sections of the questionnaire. Conclusion: After conducting the questionnaire, it is possible to identify people with varying levels of pain and functional limitations associated with neck pain. It can help determine the progression of symptoms and limitations.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Low back pain (LBP) is a health problem. Rehabilitation could be a suitable therapy for LBP patie... more Low back pain (LBP) is a health problem. Rehabilitation could be a suitable therapy for LBP patients. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of movement pattern training on LBP patients has not been assessed scientifically. So, this research examined the effects of movement pattern exercise on general lower limb muscular co-contraction in patients with non-specific chronic LBP during walking. Methods: The current research was quasi-experimental. Forty male adults who experienced non-specific chronic LBP voluntarily enrolled in this study. Twenty samples were assigned in the intervention group and 20 in the control group. The exercise protocol used in this study was based on the Harris-Hayes et al. protocol, which takes 18 supervised training sessions (during 6 weeks). The assessments were conducted before the intervention and again after 6 weeks. General co-contraction of the lower limb muscles was recorded using electromyography while walking, and the total activation of the muscles that abounded the joint was calculated. Results: The findings indicate a significant decrease in general co-contraction of the ankle in the intervention group at propulsion (P=0.011, ƞ 2 =0.160). Also, the results show that at the loading phase, general knee co-contraction is greater in the experimental group compared with the control group (P=0.037, ƞ 2 =0.110). Conclusion: Our research reveals that the training program improves the general co-contraction of the lower limb muscles in individuals with LBP.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Purpose: Opioid use disorder has increased worldwide in recent years, and Iran ranks first in ter... more Purpose: Opioid use disorder has increased worldwide in recent years, and Iran ranks first in terms of opium smoking in the world. Opium smoking by traditional methods, in addition to dependence on morphine, is a behavioral addiction in Iran. The body position during opium smoking is usually non-ergonomic. This study aims to compare sway-back posture and musculoskeletal problems between opium smokers and non-drug users. Methods: This cross-sectional research is a comparative study. We selected 80 people with opium use disorder (whose main method of their consumption was smoking) and 74 non-drug users. We compared them regarding sway angle (sway back posture) and musculoskeletal complaints (NORDIC questionnaire), and the association of possible risk factors was investigated. We analyzed data using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, correlation coefficient, and paired t-test using SPSS software, version 23. Results: Two study groups were significantly different in terms of sway back posture (P=0.007), neck (P<0.001), upper back (P<0.001), and lower back (P=0.006) musculoskeletal complaints. Homelessness had a significant correlation with sway back posture and musculoskeletal complaints. Also, the daily duration of opium smoking (in minutes) and opium smoking duration in lifetime (in months) were significantly correlated. Homelessness was the strongest predictor and had the strongest correlation. Conclusion: In general, increasing the duration of sitting in non-ergonomic positions can increase sway angle and sway back posture and increase musculoskeletal complaints of the neck, upper back, and lower back due to the non-neutral posture of opium smoking. It seems that plasticity and structural and functional adaptations of the posture occur due to opium smoking. So, further studies are recommended.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Music is one of the most widely used artistic elements in different societies. Today, it has draw... more Music is one of the most widely used artistic elements in different societies. Today, it has drawn much attention due to its extensive societal effects. Music stimuli can affect human sports performance and gait as important indicators of different health conditions. This review study investigates how listening to music affects sports performance and gait. Methods: This systematic review based on a descriptive-analytical method was conducted to investigate the interaction of music with sports performance and gait. We searched in reliable citation databases based on the keywords "gait", "music", and "biomechanics" in articles published between 2003 and 2023. After the final screening, the full texts of 11 studies were extracted and analyzed. Results: Based on the interpretation of the qualitative findings of the articles, it was observed that music can improve sports and gait performance. For example, changes in walking speed, step length, rhythm, and step time were significantly improved in the gait kinematic section. Conclusion: Listening to music improves motor performance in clinical settings and functional environments. In addition, music can be used as a therapeutic agent or directly in treating people with movement disorders.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Liver diseases are among the most common disorders worldwide. For liver transplant patients, the ... more Liver diseases are among the most common disorders worldwide. For liver transplant patients, the presence of postoperative problems increases the complexity of postoperative nursing. Patients' hospitalization is prolonged, and the costs of hospitalization increase. Data mining has become an easy way to predict diseases in recent years. Accordingly, this study compares and predicts the complications of hepatic encephalopathy in active and inactive men after liver transplantation. Methods: The statistical population of this study was 852 people. Among them, 350 active men (162 healthy people and 188 people with encephalopathy symptoms) and 402 inactive men (210 healthy people and 192 people with encephalopathy symptoms) were selected as study subjects. These people underwent a liver transplant in the hospital between 2010 and 2011. The random forest algorithm and 14 features from laboratory records were used to predict encephalopathy complications after liver transplantation. Meanwhile, MATLAB software, version 2023, was used for data analysis. Results: There was no significant difference in predicting encephalopathy complications by random forest algorithm between active and inactive men. Also, this study showed that the random forest algorithm using 14 features is 76.2% and 75.5% accurate for diagnosing hepatic encephalopathy after liver transplantation in active and inactive men, respectively. Conclusion: Computer-based decision support systems can help to reduce poor healthcare decisions and the expenses associated with unneeded clinical trials in both active and inactive populations. Based on the accuracy of the random forest algorithm on the data, this system can assist clinicians in forecasting the risk of hepatic encephalopathy following transplantation with high accuracy and at a cheap cost.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Purpose: Patients with multiple sclerosis face challenges associated with their physical aspects.... more Purpose: Patients with multiple sclerosis face challenges associated with their physical aspects. This study evaluates the effect of six weeks of Pilates training with music on balance and the quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients. Methods: The study's sample were 29 women with multiple sclerosis, in the age range of 20 to 30 years with a disability level 2-5 and divided into three groups. The initial test group conducted Pilates workouts for six weeks. Every workout consisted of three components, warm-up, Pilates exercise session, and cooldown. Participants in the second experimental group exercised with music, while the control group only performed their daily activities. Next, the participants underwent a post-test phase, utilizing the tool that was referenced. Analysis of covariance and Fisher least significant difference post hoc analysis were conducted to evaluate group differences and determine statistical significance (P<0.05). Results: According to the statistical analysis, there were significant differences in the components of static and dynamic balance and the quality of life between the experimental and control groups. Furthermore, there was no notable distinction in the results between the Pilates workout regimen with music and without music. However, Pilates without music outperformed in all three aspects. Conclusion: The quality of Pilates exercises was regarded as significantly necessary during the Pilates exercises program with music, and precision should be required when using music appropriately to increase effect.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Purpose: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common neuropathies. Among the treatment... more Purpose: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common neuropathies. Among the treatment modalities, exercise therapy, in addition to its therapeutic effects, does not require continuous clinic visits or a therapist's constant presence, saving the patient time and money. Accordingly, this study compares two models of therapeutic exercises, including nerve glide and tendon glide. Methods: The participants were divided into two random groups (n=25 in each group). The first group received ultrasound and nerve gliding exercises; the second group received ultrasound and tendon gliding exercises. The treatment lasted 8 weeks (2 times weekly) and the participants conducted the exercises at home under supervision. Before and after the intervention, a visual analog scale (VAS), Boston questionnaire, dynamometer measures, and electro-diagnostic tests were done in both groups. Results: Regarding the effects of the neural and tendon gliding techniques, there are contradictory findings in the studies, often due to the lack of standardized study protocols and the absence of gold-standard outcome measures. Conclusion: With the establishment of standardized protocols and the use of reliable and practical outcome measures in the current study, doing exercises at home and having a followup to assess the sustainability of treatment effects, neural gliding may be more effective in the treatment of CTS, considering the nature of the injury.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Biofeedback therapy is widely used as a treatment method for rehabilitating stroke patients. This... more Biofeedback therapy is widely used as a treatment method for rehabilitating stroke patients. This study examines the effects of long-term hand biofeedback therapy on the upper limb function and quality of life of elderly people who have had a stroke. Methods: A total of 40 stroke patients were divided into a control group and an electromyography biofeedback training group. After two years of treatment, evaluations were performed to assess the impact of electromyography biofeedback training on upper limb function and quality of life for both groups. Results: The results indicated that after two years of hand biofeedback, only the quality of life improved, while the function of the upper limb did not show significant changes (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Long-term use of the biofeedback exercise method in stroke patients primarily impacts their quality of life rather than significantly affecting the function of their upper limbs.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common condition characterized by pain in the front of t... more Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common condition characterized by pain in the front of the knee. Patellar taping can be an effective intervention for reducing painful symptoms. Methods: A total of 39 women with PFPS (aged 20-30 years) participated in this randomized crossover trial. The CoP oscillations during the single-leg stance test and TTS after descending the step were evaluated and recorded on three separate days under the following conditions: without tape (WT or control), with DT and with KT. This was done using a foot pressure measurement system. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance with a significance level of P≤0.05. Results: Comparing three different conditions demonstrated that the CoP sway, including the mediolateral and anteroposterior oscillations, sway area, path length, and average velocity of oscillations significantly decreased in the eyes-open and eyes-closed states during the DT condition as compared to the WT (P<0.05). Furthermore, the TTS significantly decreased in the DT condition compared to the WT (P<0.001) and KT (P=0.007) conditions. KT reduced CoP variables only in the EsC condition (P<0.05). Conclusion: DT was more effective than KT and this intervention enhances postural control in women with PFPS. Given its positive effects, it is recommended that future research investigate the long-term impact of utilizing this intervention.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Kyphosis is associated with relatively altered vertebral body shape, reduced bone density and fit... more Kyphosis is associated with relatively altered vertebral body shape, reduced bone density and fitness, and decreased muscle strength; accordingly, this study investigates the effects of two types of thoracolumbosacral braces on gait kinetics and muscle activities during walking before and after puberty in kyphosis child. Methods: A total of 40 (20 boys and 20 girls) with kyphosis volunteered to participate in this study. The participants were divided into four equal groups (boys before and after puberty and girls before and after puberty). Kinetic and electromyography data were recorded during walking. Results: Significant decreases and medium to large bracing effects for peak vertical and lateral ground reaction forces during heel contact were observed. Meanwhile, there were significant increases and medium to large-sized bracing effects for gas-med and biceps femoris activities during the loading phase of walking. Conclusion: Lower vertical ground reaction force at brace conditions demonstrates the improvement of gait efficiency before and after puberty.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Structural-oriented changes caused by aging among older people are common due to mobility poverty... more Structural-oriented changes caused by aging among older people are common due to mobility poverty. This study investigates the effect of eight weeks of Pilates exercise training on functional indicators and postural abnormalities in older men. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study with a control group, 26 men aged between 60 and 70 years were randomly divided into an experimental group (n=13) and a control group (n=13). The Pilates exercise program lasted eight weeks (three sessions per week) and each session for 55 to 60 min. Before and after the end of the training, functional indicators and postural abnormalities were measured. The paired t-test and the analysis of covariance were used within and between changes, respectively Results: There was a significant difference between the group of Pilates exercises compared to the control group in the level of flexibility, upper body strength, and dynamic strength in elderly men. Cardiorespiratory function (6.60%), upper limb strength (17.28%), leg dynamism (19.34%), and lower limb muscle endurance (11.61%) were significantly improved after the training intervention. There was a significant difference between the two groups in postural abnormalities only in the genu varum. However, the variables of forward head 2.22%, scoliosis 1.02%, kyphosis 4.73%, and lordosis 6.04% significantly decreased after the training intervention. Conclusion: Pilate's training has been linked to enhanced functional indicators and a reduction in abnormalities. Given the numerous benefits associated with Pilates, integrating it into public health exercise programs can prove to be a valuable addition. By making Pilates more accessible to a wider population and incorporating it into these programs, we can effectively enhance individuals' motivation to engage in physical activity. As a result, this will lead to an improved standard of living and overall quality of life for the population.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2025
Purpose: One of the biggest factors reportedly interfering with the lives of individuals who suff... more Purpose: One of the biggest factors reportedly interfering with the lives of individuals who suffer from multiple sclerosis (MS) is fatigue. Prior research has demonstrated that combined training may benefit patients with MS. However, it has not been studied how combined exercise can lessen fatigue in people with MS. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes the results of studies that examine the effects of combined training on fatigue in individuals with MS.
Methods: We investigated randomized controlled studies (RCTs) that examined how combination training affected fatigue and were published from the start of the research until May 2024. The Wiley online library, PubMed, Medline, PEDro, ScienceDirect, and Frontiers were among the electronic databases that were searched. PEDro and McMaster’s measures were used to assess the quality of included research.
Results: The study’s requirements were satisfied by six RCTs with 279 participants. Using a random effect model of meta-analysis, the weighted mean differences of fatigue were 1.81 (95% CI, 2.83%, 0.79%) with P=0.002. Accordingly, exercise training is useful in lowering fatigue in individuals with MS since all included RCTs revealed significant differences between the subjects assigned to the combined exercise group and the control group.
Conclusion: Combined training can be a useful strategy for helping individuals with MS manage their weariness.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
This research aims to investigate the effect of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IAS... more This research aims to investigate the effect of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) and Faradic electrotherapy (FES) on lower limb coupling during gait in a patient with excessive ankle stiffness. Methods: The study was conducted on a single patient who was diagnosed with ankle stiffness, decreased muscle strength due to 3.5 years of immobilization of the ankle joint, and was experiencing difficulty in walking. The patient underwent a 12-week treatment program that included IASTM and FES. The lower limb kinematics were measured using a motion analysis system before and after the intervention and couplings were calculated for 3-dimensional ankle movement. Results: The results of the study changed ankle-knee, ankle-hip sagittal and transverse, and knee-hip frontal and transverse plane coupling during different subphases of gait after the intervention. The observed coordination pattern in the subjects under investigation approached a level of similarity to that of healthy individuals in loading response (LR) and midstance (MS) for the ankle-knee sagittal plane. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that IASTM and FES can be used as effective interventions to lower limb coordination during gait in patients with post-operation complications. Further research on more patients is required.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
Since the foot is vital for maintaining stability and posture, knowing the difference between dom... more Since the foot is vital for maintaining stability and posture, knowing the difference between dominant and non-dominant knees can help reduce the risk of knee injury. Basketball players with dynamic knee valgus (DKV) following fatigue application were the subjects of the current study, which compared the angle and pattern of knee valgus in dominant and nondominant feet. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, our selection process involved choosing 27 basketball players with a knee dynamic valgus pattern (mean age=20.77±3.06 years, mean height=188±9 centimeters, and mean weight=79.68±18.35 kilograms) in a non-random, targeted manner. To assess the knee valgus angle in the frontal plane, we performed imaging using a digital camera positioned at 366 centimeters and a height of 105 centimeters relative to the subject. Furthermore, the subjects performed three countermovement jumps. Data were analyzed using "KINOVEA" software, version 0.9.5. In this study, players engaged in a 40-minute basketball game, conducted under regulations and including all scheduled rest periods. Results: No significant difference was observed between the pre-test and post-test in the dominant foot initial contact valgus variable (P=0.900), non-dominant foot initial contact valgus variable (P=0.134), dominant foot maximum flexion valgus variable (P=0.237), and non-dominant foot maximum flexion valgus variable (P=0.188), according to the results of the paired t-test for within-group comparison of the study's mean variables. Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was observed in the first contact valgus between the dominant and non-dominant foot prior to the test (P=0.485) or between the two groups after the test (P=0.066). However, a significant difference was found in the maximum flexion valgus between the dominant and nondominant foot before the test (P=0.012) and after the test (P=0.018), indicating that the dominant foot had a greater valgus angle than the non-dominant foot in both instances. Conclusion: The current study's results indicate that functional exhaustion, as employed in this investigation, does not raise the knee valgus angle; however, among basketball players, the dominant foot's valgus angle was larger than the non-dominant foot. Therefore, the basketball players' dominant foot is probably more vulnerable to non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching is considered a clinically effective w... more Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching is considered a clinically effective way to enhance muscle properties; however, rare information exists about its effect on muscle flexibility and strength of the patients with stroke. To investigate the efficacy of PNF exercise on lower extremity muscle flexibility and strength after stroke. Methods: Twenty-four men with stroke were chosen for the current study and assigned to two groups, PNF (n=12, mean age=59.3) and control group (n=12, mean age=58.7). Both groups received conventional rehabilitation three times a week for two months, while the PNF group received an additional 20-minute contract-relax (CR) method of PNF exercises during each session. Gastrocnemius and hamstring flexibility have been measured pre-and post-intervention by wall lunge and active straight leg raising (aSLR) tests, respectively. Additionally, hamstring and quadriceps strength has been measured pre-and post-intervention by a hand-held dynamometer. A 2×2 mixed repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to analyze data. Results: Significant interaction of time x group was found for hamstring flexibility (F=33.24, P<0.01) and strength (F=23.86, P<0.01). Post hoc analysis indicated that aSLR (effect size=0.75) and hamstring strength (effect size=0.67) significantly increased in the PNF group. No significant interactions or main effects were observed for gastrocnemius flexibility and quadriceps strength. Conclusion: The results indicate that eight weeks of PNF stretching improves hamstring muscle flexibility and strength in patients with stroke. However, future studies have to confirm the prolonged effects of PNF exercise.
Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal (PTJ), 2024
Proper posture is essential for maintaining musculoskeletal health. The stability of the spine de... more Proper posture is essential for maintaining musculoskeletal health. The stability of the spine depends largely on the curvature of the human upright spine, and deviations in sagittal arches may signify a displacement in the body's center of gravity. This study aims to investigate the relationship between spinal curvature and postural stability to promote optimal spinal health. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 120 recreationally active university students (60 men and 60 women) were selected and grouped by gender. Postural stability was assessed using the balance error scoring system (BESS), and the craniovertebral angle (CVA) was evaluated through photographic methods. Kyphosis and lordosis angles were also measured using specific anatomical landmarks. Correlation analyses were performed using Pearson's and Spearman's tests, with a statistical significance of P≤0.05, to explore the relationship between the variables Results: The study's results showed no significant correlations between thoracic kyphosis, lower back lordosis, and the CVA with BESS scores, except within the male group, where a significant correlation was found between BESS and kyphosis (P=0.01). Conclusion: This study suggests that evaluating thoracic kyphosis can be crucial to enhance postural stability in recreationally active adults. Further research can investigate interventions aimed at improving postural stability among individuals with kyphosis.