Agnieszka Bógdał-Brzezińska - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Agnieszka Bógdał-Brzezińska

Liga Narodów Wybranych, Red. M. F. Gawrycki, A. Bógdał-Brzezińska

Studia Migracyjne - Przeglad Polonijny, 2011

Zarys historii turystyki i geografii turystycznej

Polska Izba Turystyki. Oddział Pomorski w Gdańsku, 2018

Sustainability, 2022

Rural areas and peripheral borderland territories are experiencing socio-economic marginalization... more Rural areas and peripheral borderland territories are experiencing socio-economic marginalization featuring depopulation, population aging, and an increasing inequality gap in the quality of life compared to cities. Integrated rural tourism is argued to be ideal for supporting the well-being of rural communities, providing an additional income, decreasing unemployment, offering new and appealing jobs out of traditional rural activities, while preserving the conventional lifestyle. In this study, we discovered the tourism capacity of rural borderland territories affected by cross-border tourism using the data on the geography of cross-border movements, the distribution of tourist sights, and the density of tourist accommodation facilities. The geographical scope of the study covered two cross-border coastal regions—the Russian–Polish region on the Baltic Sea and the Russian–Kazakh region on the Caspian Sea. The statistical and geoinformation analysis were used to allocate areas of pr...

Tożsamość narodowa i międzynarodowa w kontekście polskiej prezydencji w Unii Europejskiej : ujęcie konstruktywistyczne

Journal of Geography, Politics and Society, Mar 31, 2020

The article presents the current evolution of the global information society and the problem of d... more The article presents the current evolution of the global information society and the problem of digital divide. An additional category is globalization, which has been presented as an accelerator for the development of a global information society. The role of ICT in filling the development gap between regions of the world was identified on the basis of the UN classification. The concept of "digital divide" was introduced as a synonym for a new kind of development gap between the rich North and the poor South, and analysis of data from UN publications showed a constant high diversity of the global information society, which is clearly regionalized.

Terroryzm i cyberterroryzm jako największe wyzwanie bezpieczeństwa współczesnego państwa

O Bezpeczeństwie i Obronności, Dec 30, 2020

i t a t e. u p h. e d u. p l J u l-D e c new dimension of Russian geopolitics, including cyberspa... more i t a t e. u p h. e d u. p l J u l-D e c new dimension of Russian geopolitics, including cyberspace and information policy, is undertaken. The authors consider the importance of the cybernetic factor and the participation of information sovereignty in shaping the international image of the Russian Federation, to then diagnose their impact on the sphere of international security. The study will not discuss examples of Russian cyber attacks against third countries, but an attempt will be made to explain the determinants of broadly defined state activity in the information geospatial.

Cyberterroryzm i problemy bezpieczeństwa informacyjnego we współczesnym świecie

Background: The aim of the article is to present the tourist potential of the routes of rulers' j... more Background: The aim of the article is to present the tourist potential of the routes of rulers' journeys in the territories of modern countries belonging to former empires. The second goal is to design the trail "In the footsteps of Joseph II Habsburg" through the lands of the then empire. Material and methods: The conditions and the context of cultural tourism were related to issues of historical heritage. The point of reference was the specificity of tourist routes following the footsteps of historical figures. Results: As an example, a proposal for a tourist route in the footsteps of Emperor Joseph II Habsburg was presented, analyzing and selecting his journeys around the Habsburg Empire in the years 1765-1790, indicating the legitimacy of cross-border cooperation to use its high tourist potential. Conclusions: The analysis shows that EU membership is favorable to countries (Central European and Balkan) that want to deepen their international tourist recognition, and to use their common past in the structures of the (Habsburg) empire to create cultural heritage routes analogous to international tourist routes.

Space Tourism - Between Competition and Cooperation of States and Non-State Entities

GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites

The aim of the research is an attempt to answer the question about the inevitability of cooperati... more The aim of the research is an attempt to answer the question about the inevitability of cooperation between states and commercial entities as part of private-public partnership in the development of astrotourism and the challenges related to it. In the undertaken research and development of materials, the classical method of analysis of existing data information (desk research) was used. In order to indicate similarities and differences, and to achieve the objectives of the research and to verify the hypothesis, a SWOT analysis was performed. A number of safety issues in astrotourism are still unregulated. Among modern countries preferring to maintain a monopoly in space, authoritarian countries dominate, such as Russia, where every sector of space exploration, including space tourism, depends on the state. In democratic countries, private entities are largely the partners or service providers of the states. In the near future, private entities will set the direction of space touris...

Sustainability

(1) Background: In the context of differences among countries developing pre-entrepreneurship eco... more (1) Background: In the context of differences among countries developing pre-entrepreneurship ecosystems in relation to agritourism, the need to define the specific challenges and facilitators in the group of post-communist countries is recognised. Given that, we aim to examine the differences between the countries belonging to the former USSR and the satellite countries of the former USSR. (2) Methods: For the realisation of the intended objective, we analysed studies of the literature on the subject, in terms of the theoretical treatment of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in the field of agritourism, and current legal acts. Our own observations from stays in the regions in question were also used, along with statistical methods concerning the density of the transport network, comparative analysis of historical and political conditions, and SWOT analysis. (3) Results: Substantial differences were found between the components of the agritourism entrepreneurship ecosystem in Poland and Kazakhstan, primarily related to the level of transport infrastructure density (satisfactory in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, insufficient in North Kazakhstan), tradition of individual farming (well established in Poland, poorly present in Kazakhstan), support for agritourism development by central and local authorities (relatively high in Poland, incidental and with a short history in Kazakhstan), and finally, differences in the target group of agritourism service recipients (stable in Poland, undefined in Kazakhstan). (4) Conclusions: The research leads to the conclusion of the heterogeneity of the determinants of the development of the agritourism entrepreneurship ecosystem in countries collectively defined as post-communist. There are clearly different challenges and facilitations resulting not so much from the past political system as from the ethnichistorical considerations, the position of agriculture in the economy, and the degree and effectiveness of the involvement of administrative authorities in the development of agritourism. The study leads to a recommendation on the need for more efficient targeting of agritourism consumers abroad.

Bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe Aspekty metodologiczne i systemowe, 2020

Abstract: The article deals with the problem of the influence of great powers active in outer spa... more Abstract: The article deals with the problem of the influence of great powers active in outer space and cyberspace on changes taking place in the sphere of international security. It analyzes the diffusion of power in cyberspace and outer space, the relationship between the political system of state and the limitations or facilitation of efforts to obtain the status of a technological power in both spaces, and finally presents selected cases of the policy of cyber superpowers and space superpowers.

Sustainability, 2021

This article follows two important interconnected aspects. On one hand, it investigates whether t... more This article follows two important interconnected aspects. On one hand, it investigates whether the political factors represented by the presence of ethnic minorities can be a catalyst for tourism development in cross-border regions, in addition to the development of transport infrastructure. On the other hand, it offers a comparative analysis and territorial diagnosis of the Bihor-Hajdú–Bihar and Maramures– Zakarpattya cross border regions, analyzing the main tourist
indicators and the advances made in the development of the transport infrastructure with a role in the development of tourism. The paper is based on desk and quantitative research involving national and regional statistic data. Research on the literature regarding Hungarian–Romanian and Romanian–Ukrainian borderland was also realized, in order to conduct comparative analysis useful to identify and evaluate the factors linked with tourism development. Using a multiscale
approach, the objective is to determine if there is a correlation between the development of the transport network and the increase in tourist traffic. The results show that transport infrastructure plays a critical role in ensuring the connections of border regions. Although the two regions are contiguous, there is an obvious difference in cross-border traffic due to the presence of two different types of border. The transport network and tourism situation in Bihor has improved in the last years,
especially under the impact of cross-border cooperation, but the accessibility remains relatively low. In Maramure¸s, the development of cross-border connections is based on cultural exchange, and
less on economic relations. Transport accessibility is a strong point of the Hungarian–Romanian borderland and represents an obstacle for the development of tourism in the Romanian–Ukrainian borderland.

De Securitate et Defensione O Bezpieczeństwie i Obronności, 2020

The aim of this article is to indicate the relationship between geopolitics as an important facto... more The aim of this article is to indicate the relationship between geopolitics as an important factor in defining Russia's policy (in terms of security and relations with foreign countries), and its activity in favor of recognizing cyberspace as subject to state sovereignty. The concept of information geopolitics is defined. An analysis of the catalog of factors determining the new dimension of Russian geopolitics, including cyberspace and information policy, was undertaken. The authors reflect on the importance of the cyber factor and the role of information sovereignty in shaping the international image of the Russian Federation (FR), and then analyze their impact on the sphere of international security. The study will not discuss examples of Russian cyber attacks against third countries, but an attempt will be made to explain the determinants of the state's broadly defined activity in the information geospace.

ABSTRAKT: Celem niniejszego artykułu jest wskazanie zależności miedzy geopolityką jako istotnym czynnikiem definiowania polityki Rosji (w zakresie bezpieczeństwa i stosunków z zagranicą), a jej aktywnością na rzecz uznania cyberprzestrzeni za podległą suwerenności państwowej. Definicji podlega pojęcie geopolityki informacyjnej. Podjęto analizę katalogu czynników determinujących nowy wymiar geopolityki rosyjskiej z uwzględnieniem cyberprzestrzeni i polityki informacyjnej. Autorzy zastanawiają się nad rangą czynnika cybernetycznego i udziałem suwerenności informacyjnej w kształtowaniu wizerunku międzynarodowego Federacji Rosyjskiej (FR), by następnie poddać diagnozie ich wpływ na sferę bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego. W opracowaniu nie zostaną omówione przykłady cyberataków rosyjskich wobec państw trzecich, podjęta zostanie natomiast próba wyjaśnienia uwarunkowań szeroko definiowanej aktywności państwa w geoprzestrzeni informacyjnej.

БАЛТИЙСКИЙ РЕГИОН - РЕГИОН СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА. РЕГИОНЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ ГЛОБАЛЬНЫХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ, 2020

The aim of this study is to present the influence of the decision-making collective called the Co... more The aim of this study is to present the influence of the decision-making collective called the Concert of Powers on the creation of regional spheres of influence. Research questions concern the nomenclature and specificity of the so-called a concert of powers, the way of understanding regional spheres of influence.

Цель данного исследования-представить влияние коллектива, принимающего решения, называемого «концерт держав», на создание региональных сфер влияния. Вопросы исследования касаются номенклатуры и специфики так называемого «кон-церта держав», способа понимания региональных сфер влияния. Keywords: Concert of Powers, region, sphere of influence. Ключевые слова: концерт держав, регион, сфера влияния. The Concert of Powers Metaphor A concert (Latin: concerto-I argue, fight, compete) means a performance of a musician artist or a group of musicians live in front of the audience. It is supposed to evoke emotional tension by presenting a work that is a specific offer for the audience, provoking a reaction that is kept within the convention, if it is spontaneous. The concept of a concert of powers is a political metaphor and, as such, it should perform above all cognitive functions: it brings closer an unknown reality by referring to the reality understandable to the recipient. The metaphor has a symbolic value. There are many reasons for such a procedure: starting from the camouflage of actual intentions of action used in politics, through the reference or analogy to the phenomenon that causes associations and associated emotions. This concept is used in theoretical and international literature as a synonym for the balance of power. It is commonly taken for granted without explaining the reasons for such an interpretation that the term should be associated with the deliberations of the Congress of Vienna, and sometimes it is added that it is (a concert) synonymous with pentarchy, or five-pole equilibrium. Authors such as Robert Jer-vis or Amitav Acharya emphasize that the system of forces understood in this way was the first fruits of collective security, which in a fundamental way contradicts © Bógdał-Brzezińska A., 2020

Reviista Română de Geografiie Polliitiică, 2020

The aim of the study is to show the senior as a voter and ICT user in particularly difficult cond... more The aim of the study is to show the senior as a voter and ICT user in particularly difficult conditions of the threat caused by the Covid 19 pandemic. The studies conducted in twenty seven countries and other studies from August 2020 showed that seniors and men are most exposed to the effects of the disease. This article assumes that e-voting is a safe election solution in a pandemic. Digital divide is a factor that still remains correlated with the age of citizens, even in countries considered technologically advanced. As older voters express more confidence in traditional forms of voting, their attitude slows down the implementation of e-voting in electoral systems. It can be seen that the conservative worldview goes hand in hand with the distrust of seniors in e-voting.

GLOBAL CHALLENGES – SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS II, 2020

Abstract. The subject of the article is to show the manifestations of the relationship between di... more Abstract. The subject of the article is to show the manifestations of the relationship between digital technologies and social changes in technologically developed countries in terms of the functioning of religion. The issues of using digital tools by religious institutions and the faithful were discussed. Selected examples of biotechnological solutions in relation to the concept of transhumanism were discussed. Examples of robotization of religious rituals were also considered.

Revista Română de Geografie Politică, 2020

The aim of the study is to show the weaknesses of the democratic system on the example of the pre... more The aim of the study is to show the weaknesses of the democratic system on the example of the presidential elections in the United States and Poland. The electoral system (US) and direct elections (Poland) were put together. The research used an analysis of the literature on the subject and simulated the results of the elections for the president of Poland, in accordance with the election system for the president of the United States. The simulation with the use of the electoral college showed that the real results in some presidential elections do not depend on the voters' decisions, but on the adopted electoral system only. The rules for electing the president in Poland meet the conditions of democratic elections to a greater extent than in the United States.

Wyzwania bezpieczeństwa w XXI wieku, 2020

The problems of the coexistence of territorial space, outer space and cyberspace as areas of acti... more The problems of the coexistence of territorial space, outer space and cyberspace as areas of activity of modern countries cause a diversity of opinions of lawyers, security researchers and theoreticians of international relations interested in this subject. Two main narratives compete with each other: the first, which for the purposes of this argument will be called liberal-normative, provides for the emergence of international regulations providing a framework for the use of space and cyberspace to stabilize international security. The second discourse is dominated by thinking associated with realism, taking into account the use by states of both spaces for competition (especially between powers) and treating them as additional spheres of national security. From the perspective of international security models, this leads to divergent conclusions. It seems that activities in the area of cyberspace encourage the supporters of the first-mentioned narrative to opt for the emergence of a global governance model in the near future, initiated by the institutions of the United Nations system. On the other hand, the supporters of realism lean towards a new multi-area and multi-level balance of forces, seeing a high probability of creating a similar global model including space. In liberal-normative approaches, it is pointed out that space activates non-state entities with a commercial profile, leading to an increase in its economic importance over its role in shaping international security.