Papermaking Potential of Canola Stalks (original) (raw)
Related papers
2014
Department of Wood and Paper Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Chaloos Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chaloos, Iran * Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Wood and Forest Product Research Division, P.O. Box 31585-1343, Tehran, Iran ** Department of Forestry, Nowshar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Nowshar, Iran *** Young Researchers and Elite Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran **** Department of Computer Software Technology Engineering, College of Electrical, Computer and IT Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
Kastamonu Univ., Journal of Forestry Faculty, 2018
Aim of study: This study was carried out to evaluate canola (Brassica napus L.) stalks as an alternative raw material for pulp and paper production. Area of study: This work was carried out in Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University, Faculty of Forestry, Pulp and Paper Production Laboratory. Material and Methods: Before pulping procedure, the chemical components of the canola stalks were investigated. The holocellulose, alpha cellulose, lignin, and ash contents and NaOH (1%) and cold-hot water solubilities were determined. Modified kraft cooking method was used for pulping from canola stalk by using sodium borohydride (NaBH4). Sulfidity charge; 26, 28, 30%, and NaBH4 charge; 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5% were changed while keeping constant temperature (150 o C), time (120 min) and alkali charge (20%). For determination of the optimum pulping condition, 12 cooking experiments were performed to canola stalks. In addition, the physical and optical properties of the papers produced from the obtained pulps were also determined. Main results: The holocellulose (72.10%) and lignin (13.15%) contents of the canola stalks were found to be similar with hardwoods. The optimum cooking condition was determined as 20% active alkali, 28% sulfidity and 0.5% NaBH4 charges (as NaOH) and the total pulp yield were obtained about 44.7% in this condition. Besides, the addition of NaBH4 increased pulp yield by 24.1% and decreased kappa number by 9.7%. Research highlights: It was concluded that obtained results demonstrate the suitability of canola stalk for pulp and paper production and NaBH4 is an effective cooking additive for the pulp yield. Kanola Saplarından (Brassica napus L.) Modifiye Kraft Yöntemi ile Kağıt Hamuru ve Kağıt Üretimi Üzerine Araştırmalar Öz Çalışmanın amacı: Bu çalışma, kanola (Brassica napus L.) saplarının kağıt hamuru ve kağıt üretiminde alternatif bir hammadde olarak değerlendirilmesini amaçlamıştır. Çalışmanın alanı: Bu çalışma Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi, Kağıt Hamuru ve Kağıt Üretim Laboratuvarı'nda yürütülmüştür. Materyal ve Yöntem: Kağıt hamuru üretimine geçilmeden önce kanola saplarının kimyasal içeriği araştırılmıştır. Holoselüloz, alfa selüloz, lignin ve kül içerikleri ile NaOH (%1), soğuk ve sıcak su çözünürlükleri belirlenmiştir. Kanola saplarından kağıt hamuru üretimi için NaBH4 ilaveli modifiye kraft yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Sülfidite %26, 28 ve 30, NaBH4; %0, 0.1, 0.3, ve 0.5 oranlarında değiştirilirken aktif alkali oranı %20 olarak sabit tutulmuştur. Optimum koşulu belirlemek için 12 farklı koşulda pişirme işlemi yapılmıştır. Ayrıca elde edilen kağıt hamurlarından üretilen kağıtların fiziksel ve optik özellikleri de belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar: Kanola saplarının holoselüloz (%72.10) ve lignin (%13.15) içeriği yapraklı ağaç odunları ile benzer oranlarda bulunmuştur. Optimum pişirme, %20 aktif alkali, %28 sülfidite ve %0.5 NaBH4 oranlarının kullanıldığı koşulda elde edilmiş ve bu koşulda kağıt hamuru toplam verimi %44.7 olarak bulunmuştur. Aynı zamanda NaBH4 ilavesi ile toplam verim %24.1 oranında artarken kappa numarası %9.7 oranında azalmıştır. Araştırma Vurguları: Elde edilen sonuçlar, kanola saplarının kağıt hamuru ve kağıt üretimi için uygunluğunu ve NaBH4'ün hamur verimliliği için etkili bir pişirme katkı maddesi olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Anahtar kelimeler: Brassica napus L., kanola sapları, NaBH4, Kraft pişirmesi Following the publication of the article entitled "The Investigations on Pulp and Paper Production with Modified Kraft Pulping Method from Canola (Brassica napus L.) Stalks" in 2018 (Volume 18, Issue 3), it came to the authors' attention that name of the second author was incorrectly printed. In addition, the affiliation of the first author was also incorrectly printed. Therefore, the mistakes have been corrected. Dergimizin 18'nci cildinin 3'ncü sayısında yayınlanan "Kanola Saplarından (Brassica napus L.) Modifiye Kraft Yöntemi ile Kağıt Hamuru ve Kağıt Üretimi Üzerine Araştırmalar" başlıklı makalede ikinci yazarın isminin ve birinci yazarın adresinin yazımında sehven hata yapılmıştır.
Canola straw chemimechanical pulping for pulp and paper production
Non-wood is one of the most important raw materials for pulp and paper production in several countries due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. However, the pulping and papermaking characteristics of canola straw have rarely been investigated. The objective of this work was to determine the potential application of canola straw in the chemimechanical pulping (CMP) process. At first, the chemical composition and characteristics of canola straw were assessed and compared with those of other non-woods. Then, the CMP pulping of canola straw was conducted using different dosages of sodium sulfite and sodium hydroxide. The results showed that, by applying a mild chemical pretreatment, i.e., 4-12% (wt.) NaOH and 8-12% (wt.) Na 2 SO 3 , in the CMP pulping of canola straw, the pulp brightness reached almost 40%ISO, and the strength properties were comparable to those of bagasse CMP and of wheat straw CMP. The impact of post-refining on the properties of canola straw CMP was also discussed in this work.
This paper studied the chemical composition of Seven (7) samples of Nigeria-grown agro-based fibers such as Empty Fruit Bunch of Oil Palm (EFB), Rice straws, Wheat straws, Sugar cane bagasse, Corn stalk, Coconut fruit bunch and of course Kenaf Bast (Hibiscus cannabinus) as reference. This investigation is aimed at evaluating the potential of these fibers for production of paper grade pulp. The samples were chemically characterized. Parameters investigated include some chemical properties such as % moisture, 1% caustic solubility (%), hot water solubility (%), extractives (%), holocellulose (%), α-cellulose (%), lignin (%) and percentage ash contents. The results revealed that there were significant differences among the agricultural residues in chemical compositions. The samples were then cooked by the MEA process. The resulting pulps were fully bleached by the D1-Ep-D2 sequence and characterized for their beatability, drainability and physicalmechanical properties. The lignin content of all the samples investigated were low (below 20%), indicating that they should be easier to pulp. In practice, this means that these materials would need milder pulping conditions (lower temperatures and chemical charges) in order to reach a satisfactory kappa number. They would also undergo bleaching more easily and with the utilization of fewer chemicals. The MEA pulp from most of agro-biomass cooked to kappa number 17.5 presented good screened yield with liquor charge demand of 75.0% MEA and 0.5% Surfactant. The pulps resulting from the MEA pulping at kappa no 17.5, were fully bleached by a totally chlorine-free sequence performed in three stages, using 50% hydrogen peroxide in the first stage at 10% pulp consistency, 70 o C for 15 minutes, followed by 1.5% NaOH in the second bleaching stage at a temperature of 80-90 o C for 10 minutes and at the same pulp consistency (10%), while the third and final stage involve a repeat of the process employed in the first stage to achieve an ISO brightness of approximately 90.0%. This sequence is represented in a shorthand form as D1-Ep-D2. The bleached MEA pulps cooked to 17.5 and 10.6 kappa number showed similar refinability and resistance to drainage, but the tensile and burst index were highest for the 17.5 kappa pulp at beating energy consumptions in the range of 0-6 Wh. It was concluded that both 10.6 and 17.5 kappa pulps from most of the agro-biomass are suitable for the production of paper grade pulps, but the highest kappa 17.5 pulp is more economically attractive given its highest pulping yield, despite the significantly increased of chemical demand for bleaching.
SUITABILITY OF NIGERIAN CORN HUSK AND PLANTAIN STALK FOR PULP AND PAPER PRODUCTION
Wood is a prominent raw material in the production of pulp and paper, but due to the impact of forest depletion on the environment worldwide, research is being focused on non-wood sources as alternative sources of fibre and as a solution to destruction of the environment. The aim of this study therefore, is to investigate the suitability or otherwise of corn husk and plantain stalk which are abundant agro-waste materials in Nigerian environment in pulp and paper production. The pulping of corn husk and plantain stalk was achieved through Chemical Pulping process (Soda pulping) and the pulps obtained were analyzed for their chemical compositions. Also, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the surface morphological structure of the pulps produced. The resulting pulps were then used for papermaking and the Mechanical strength of papers obtained was determined. The results of chemical composition analysis for the pulp obtained from corn husk were (3.57%, 41.23%, 10%, 12.04% and 23.00 %) while that of plantain stalk were (11.19%, 57.86%, 10%, 4.60% and 35.96%) for Ash content, Cellulose content, Moisture content, Lignin content and Pulp yield respectively. The result of Mechanical strength analysis of the paper produced are (66.04 g/m 2 , 0.30 mm,5.33 Nm/g,12.83Nm 2 /g,0.13 N/mm 2 ,2.7 mm) from corn husk while that of plantain stalk are (30.99 g/m 2 ,0.08 mm,1.25 Nm/g,5.20Nm 2 /g,2.95 N/mm 2 ,2.20 mm) for Grammage, Thickness, Tensile index, Tear index, Modulus of Elasticity and Elongation at break respectively. The SEM images analysis showed that there is a more condensed and packed arrangement of fibre in corn husk than plantain stalk. The overall results showed that Corn
The objective of this research study is to examine the potentials of a novel environmentally friendly pulping process in converting some selected Nigeria cultivated agro-wastes into high yield paper pulp. The chemical and morphological characteristics of Ten (10) Nigerian cultivated agro-based fibers were investigated. Pulping trials were carried out using the monoethanolamine (MEA) process comparing the potentials of each agro-biomass in furnishing high yield pulp. The operating conditions such as the concentration of the cooking liquor (50%, 75%, 100%), the maximum cooking temperature (150, 160, 170 o C) and cooking time (60, 90, 120minutes) were applied systematically to establish optimal pulping conditions and optimum result. The lignin content of EFB (18.29%) was low; indicating that EFB should be easier to pulp. The optimum cooking conditions for MEA pulping were 75% MEA concentration, 90 minutes cooking time, and 150°C cooking temperature. The laboratoryscale experimental results indicated that MEA pulping process is particularly well suited for the pulping of agro-based fibers e.g. EFB of Oil Palm, which was de-lignified to a low kappa number value of 18.6, pulp yield of 49.93% and screen yield of 46.27% recording a reject of only 3.66%. It was observed that most of the materials with the exception of wheat straw and kenaf bast fiber showed a similar lignin content (around 18%), with rice straw and corn stalk showing slight variation. More variations were observed in the holocellulose and α-cellulose contents; also, sugar cane bagasse showed the highest percentage of α-cellulose with respect to total holocellulose. Comparing data on holocellulose, α-cellulose and lignin of the ten (10) agro base fiber investigated, it could be observed that EFB has slightly lower αcellulose and holocellulose contents than all the agro-base fiber investigated with the exception of CFB, wheat and rice, but slightly similar in lignin contents only to pineapple leaves, bagasse and CBF. Based on these results, it seems appropriate to use EFB as a cellulose source suitable for the production of cellulose pulp and paper. MEA process is more economically attractive given its high pulp yield, despite the significant increase in chemical demand for bleaching. MEA pulping is a good alternative to soda pulping furnishing high pulp yield with less cooking temperature, i.e. 150 o C, thereby saving a considerable amount of energy with less odoriferous pollutants and pollution load associated with the soda process.
Characterization of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Stalk Pulp and Evaluation in Paper Production
Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, 2022
In this study, the evaluability of chickpea stalks generated after harvest in chickpea production was investigated in pulp and paper production. Also, paper production was carried out by blending the chickpea stalk fibers with primary and secondary fibers in certain proportions and the effects of chickpea stalk fibers on the paper properties were determined. The modified kraft method was used in the pulping of chickpea stalks and anthraquinone (AQ) was added to the cooking liquor as a catalyst. Some chemical, mechanical and optical properties of the pulps produced with the addition of different AQ charges were compared and the 0.7% AQ added cooking experiment gave the best results. The yield and viscosity values of the chickpea stalk pulps increased by 12.6% and 34.2%, respectively and the kappa number decreased by 46.7% with the addition of 0.7% AQ to cooking liquor. Paper production was carried out by blending the fibers obtained from an optimum cooking condition with primary and secondary fibers at certain rates and the effects of chickpea stalk fibers on the paper properties were examined. Depending on the amount of chickpea stalk fibers, the mechanical properties of the papers produced with secondary fibers and the optical properties of the papers produced with primary fibers improved. The strength losses that occur during the recycling of waste paper could be reduced by blending the chickpea stalk fibers with secondary fibers and it is possible to produce various paper types such as writingprinting paper by blending the short fiber chickpea stalk fibers and long fibers.
Suitable approach using agricultural residues for pulp and paper manufacturing
Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, 2017
The chemical compositions, fibre dimensions, elemental analysis and paper characteristics of sesame, karkadeh and okra stalks were studied in this work. It was found that the α-cellulose content of karkadeh, sesame and okra stalks were 45.8, 42.3 and 37.9%, respectively. Klason lignin was found to be the highest in okra 21.4% while it was 20.8 and 19.3% in sesame and karkadeh, respectively. Soda and soda-anthraquinone (AQ) pulping as sulfur-free processes were applied on these raw materials for producing pulp fibers. The results showed that a lower kappa number, higher screened pulp yield, and better paper handsheet properties were obtained for the pulp produced via soda-AQ pulping than the soda process. The soda-AQ and soda pulping of karkadeh generated pulp with the highest yields of 46.6% and 43.5% and kappa numbers of 18.0 and 19.4, respectively. Papers produced from karkadeh pulp showed the highest brightness of 77.64 and 75.50%, tensile index of 52.3 and 51.7 N.m/g, tear index of 4.6 and 5.5 mNm2/g and burst index of 3.9 and 3.5 KPa m2/g for soda-AQ and soda pulp, respectively. Furthermore, the morphological analysis and chemical compositions of karkadeh, sesame and okra stalks showed their suitability for pulp and paper production. ADDRESSES OF THE AUTHORS: Haroon A. M. Saeed (haroonsaeed75@gmail.com) b Center of Fibers, Papers and Recycling, Faculty of Textiles, University of Gezira, Box 20, Wad Medani, Sudan; Yu Liu (leoliuyu@163.com) Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Shandong Province) Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353, Shandong, P.R. China.; Honglei Chen (shaming007@163.com) Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Shandong Province) Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353, Shandong, P.R. China; Lucian A. Lucia (lalucia@ncsu.edu) c Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Box 8005, Raleigh, NC27695-8005, USA. Corresponding authors: Haroon A. M. Saeed and Yu
Feasibility of Utilizing Corn Stalk Residues in Chemi- Mechanical Pulping (CMP) and Papermaking
Journal of Chemical Research
When paper making was invented, non-wood fibers were utilized as the main source of the raw material and the first major paper mill in North America used wheat straw [1]. However, this situation did not last too long and very soon, wood fibers replaced non-wood fibers. However, not all countries in the world possess suitable and sufficient quantities of wood to fulfill their fiber requirements . Consequently, these countries are forced to use non-wood fibers and research on this aspect of pulping was foreseen and most efforts were concentrated on this issue . Even though, the share of non-wood pulping is only 6.5% of the total pulp production, there