Role of Natural Nutraceuticals in Management of Oxidative Stress Related Diseases (original) (raw)

Role of oxidative stress in various diseases: Relevance of dietary antioxidants

The Journal of Phytopharmacology

Oxidative stress plays important role in the pathophysiology of various diseases. Oxidative stress is caused in body due to an imbalance between the activities of endogenous pro-oxidative enzymes. Cellular antioxidants are known to change their redox state and they can be targeted for destruction, regulate oxidative processes involved signal transduction, effect gene expression and the pathways of cell proliferation and death. Oxidants and antioxidants play an important role in maintaining a balance between free radicals produced by metabolism or derived from environmental sources and the antioxidant system of the body. A natural antioxidant system exists in the biological systems which is responsible for prevention of damage by pro-oxidants. Impaired endogenous antioxidant system results in accumulation of free radicals, which not only induces lipid peroxidation but also imposes severe stress on the body leading to many diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson disease, Diabe...

The Antioxidant Phytochemicals of Nutraceutical Importance

The Open Nutraceuticals Journal, 2009

Over production of free radicals result in oxidative stress that deregulates the cellular and metabolic functions. Phytochemicals with antioxidant property are of great interest due to their beneficial effects on human health as they offer protection against metabolic dysfunction, gastro-duodenal pathogenesis, premature aging, inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, cancer, neuro-degenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Carotenoids, tocopherols, ascorbates, lipoic acids, polyphenols and enzymes like super oxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase are strong natural antioxidants with free radical scavenging activity. Fruits, vegetables, cereals, legumes and beverages are the main sources of polyphenols. Flavonoids possess ideal structural characteristics, which are responsible for their pharmacological properties and are also powerful metal chelators. The future of dietary antioxidants hold a great promise to ensure a better disease free lifestyle for the mankind by scavenging free radicals and consequently preventing mutagenic changes and associated disorders.

ROLE OF ANTIOXIDANTS AND NUTRITION IN OXIDATIVE STRESS: A REVIEW

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 2015

Human body is known to experience positive stress that keeps it vigilant and protects it from biological and physical threats. This stress turns negative when a person is confronted with continuous challenges. Also, stress and nutrition have always run in synergism with each other. Nutritional value of a person's diet depends on the overall mixture or balance of food that is eaten over a period of time, as well as on the needs of the individual. The body relies on obtaining its anti-oxidants from food and other supplements. These nutritional requirements of antioxidants are enormously altered in diseased conditions. In view of the immense medicinal importance of antioxidants, an effort has been made in this article to bring together information about the role of nutrition and antioxidants such as carotenoids, vitamins, some important minerals in combating free radical generation and in general, boosting normal immune mechanisms. The present review is an attempt to generate interest in the scientific fraternity of their immense potential in preventing and treating several common diseases.

Antioxidants for the Prevention and Treatment of Non-communicable Diseases

Journal of Exploratory Research in Pharmacology

Abiotic environmental stress causes plants and animals to produce excessive superoxide radicals that are extremely toxic and reactive, thereby causing injury to tissue resulting in the occurrence of several disorders. Antioxidants can counteract free radicals by preventing non-communicable diseases. There are natural and synthetic antioxidants. Natural antioxidants in fruits, vegetables, and spices can be consumed, while synthetic antioxidants are produced in laboratories via chemical processes. This review focused on the sources, pharmacological properties, applications, and prospects of natural and synthetic antioxidants, as well as exogenous and endogenous antioxidants. A literature search was done using different search engines like Google Books, Science.gov, Microsoft Academic, Worldwide Science, ResearchGate, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE), Medline, and PubMed Central. Different keywords, such as antioxidants, free radicals, oxidative stress, superoxide radicals, and oxygen radicals, were used. The relevant literature was collected and used in this review. Antioxidants inhibit oxidation and help to prevent non-communicable diseases, such as aging and inflammatory processes, tumors, kidney and liver diseases, coronary heart disease, cataracts, renal toxicity, and neurological diseases. It was found that antioxidants in the diet have the capacity to prevent oxidative anxiety-related disorders.

Oxidants and Human Diseases: Role of Antioxidant Medicinal Plants – A Review

2010

Free radical production occurs continuously in all cells as part of normal cellular function. However, excess free radical production originating from endogenous or exogenous sources might play a role in many diseases. However, due to many environmental, lifestyle, and pathological situations, excess radicals can accumulate, resulting in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has been related to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other chronic diseases that account for a major portion of deaths today. Antioxidants are compounds that hinder the oxidative processes and there by delay or prevent oxidative stress. This article examines the process of oxidative stress and the pathways by which it relates to many chronic diseases. We also discuss the role that endogenous and exogenous antioxidants may play in controlling oxidation and review the evidence of their roles in preventing disease. In this review, we highlighted list of some major role of medicinal plants with potent antioxidant ac...

Oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms in human body

Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering, 2019

The present review aims to high light on the oxidative stress, and prevention by internal antioxidants and external antioxidants by some natural products possessing antioxidant properties. Oxidative stress occurs when the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and detoxification favors an increase in ROS levels, leading to disturbed cellular function. ROS causes damage to cellular macromolecules causing lipid peroxidation, nucleic acid, and protein alterations. Their formation is considered as a pathobiochemical mechanism involved in the initiation or progression phase of various diseases such as atherosclerosis, ischemic heart diseases, diabetes, and initiation of carcinogenesis or liver diseases. In order to maintain proper cell signaling, it is likely that a number of radical scavenging enzymes maintain a threshold level of ROS inside the cell. However, when the level of ROS exceeds this threshold, an increase in ROS production may lead to excessive signals to th...

Antioxidant Phytochemicals for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2015

Overproduction of oxidants (reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species) in the human body is responsible for the pathogenesis of some diseases. The scavenging of these oxidants is thought to be an effective measure to depress the level of oxidative stress of organisms. It has been reported that intake of vegetables and fruits is inversely associated with the risk of many chronic diseases, and antioxidant phytochemicals in vegetables and fruits are considered to be responsible for these health benefits. Antioxidant phytochemicals can be found in many foods and medicinal plants, and play an important role in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases caused by oxidative stress. They often possess strong antioxidant and free radical scavenging abilities, as well as anti-inflammatory action, which are also the basis of other bioactivities and health benefits, such as anticancer, anti-aging, and protective action for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, obesity an...

Dietary antioxidants protection against oxidative stress

Biochemical Education, 1995

Introduction Several lines of evidence indicate that the active oxygen-induced and free radicalmediated oxidation of biological molecules, membranes and tissues are closely related to a variety of pathological events. 1 Diverse biological processes such as inflammation, carcinogenesis, aging, stroke and photobiological effects, appears to involve reactive oxygen species. Oxidative metabolism, which is a normal biological process associated with a variety of metabolic activities in aerobes, is also capable of generating highly reactive oxygen flee radicals. 2 These active oxygen species include the superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, the hydroxyl radical, and singlet oxygen. Oxidative damage inflicted by these active free radicals is referred to as oxidative stress. Some of the major molecular targets of these agents are DNA, 3 proteins, 4 carbohydrates and lipids. 5 Transition metal ions are important in the production of radical species. The ability of these ions to move electrons is the basis for the formation and propagation of many of the most toxic radical reactions. For example, superoxide anion is relatively nonreactive in aqueous solution, but in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and a transition metal such as iron, the extremely reactive hydroxyl radical may be generated. This pathway, known as the iron-catalyzed Haber-Weiss reaction as represented by following reactions, is a Fenton chemistry and has been extensively studied. Although its role in pathology is not well established, the extensive measures taken by cells to minimize the presence of free metal ions such as iron and copper (ie the presence of iron-and copper-binding proteins) indirectly indicate that such reactions are detrimental to biological systems.

Aspects of antioxidant foods and supplements in health and disease

Nutrition Reviews, 2009

Free radicals generated as byproducts of normal metabolism can damage biologically relevant molecules. When their generation is increased, damage can also be increased, resulting in the development of many pathological conditions. Antioxidant defenses protect the body from the detrimental effects of free radicals. Dietary fruits and vegetables provide a reasonable amount of compounds that act as physiological antioxidants. Although existing knowledge does not allow a final and conclusive assessment of the relevance of antioxidants for health, it does provide the basis for its rational consideration. This paper addresses the specific aspects of antioxidant supplementation in health and disease.