Nutritional profile and yield of oyster mushroom cultivated on selected agricultural wastes (original) (raw)
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Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is known to utilize a wide range of agricultural by-products and organic wastes from agro-processing industries. This study was carried out in order to evaluate the usability of maize stem along with different proportion of cotton seed waste for the growth, yield and yield related parameters of oyster mushroom. From all the different treatments tested, those composed the maize stem: cotton seed waste in the ratio of (60:40 and30:70) showed fastest mycelial run, 3.6 and 7.2 cm respectively, on 7 th and 14 th days of incubation. Maize stem: cotton seed waste (60:40 and 80:20) took shortest time from incubation to 1 st flush 30 days; while maize stem: cotton seed waste (90:10 and 80:20) showed shortest pinning to maturation throughout the flushes. Maize stem: cotton seed waste (30:70) observed to have higher number of aborts 105, higher number of fruiting bodies 125 and maize stem: cotton seed waste (30:70) showed larger pilus diameter 9.2cm, higher fresh weight of matures 795g and highest biological efficiency 159%. Although the total yields of the mushroom biomass, as well as the biological efficiency were greatly affected by the different substrate compositions, all combination of the substrate gave more than 100% biological efficiency which makes maize stem together with cotton seed waste a good option for mass production of oyster mushroom which can produce good quality mushroom fruit bodies. Introduction Mushroom is fruiting bodies of fungus growing on damp rotten log of wood, decaying organic matter and soil rich in organic substances. Edible mushrooms are highly nutritious and can be compared with eggs, milk and meat (Caglarimak, 2007; Stamets, 2005). Edible mushrooms on dry basis contain about 19-40% protein; that is its protein content is twice that of vegetable and four times that of oranges, and they are rich with vitamins, minerals, less percent of unsaturated fatty acid and carbohydrate which makes it so ideal for diabetic and the obesity patient (Ogundana and Fagede, 1982). Most mushrooms have exceptional medicinal potentials and properties; curative and prophylactic especially in diseases such as high blood pressure, asthma, respiratory tract infections, anemia, hepatitis, cancer, tumor, etc (Wasser, 2002, 2008). Mushrooms are also important for cholesterol reduction, immune enhancement, cancer, anti allergic activities, antimicrobial and cardiovascular treatment. They also have a long history of use as traditional medicine in China. Their legendary effects on promoting good health and increasing adaptive abilities have been also been demonstrated (Wasser, 2002). Mushroom cultivation also serves as the most efficient and economically-viable biotechnology for the conversion of ligno-cellulosic waste materials into high-quality protein food for revenue generation (Ortega et al, 1992;Berch et al., 2007).However, the cultivation of mushroom is still at its infancy in some parts of Africa, especially in Ethiopia. The major problem associated with the transfer of technology for mushroom cultivation is the lack of technical know-how for its cultivation (Dawit, 1998). In Ethiopia more than 80% of the population is engaged in agricultural activities and huge amount of residues are produced as by products during the harvest season. Maize production has been wide spread in low high land areas through cultivation of improved varieties. Four different by products are produced from maize production including: stems, leaves, maize stover and comb. Each one of the residues has been observed to be greater than the produces. The agricultural residues are generally burnt in the fields leading to emission of green house gases and the environmental degradation. The best way of minimizing these wastes is recycling through utilizing these products as substratum for growing mushroom. The mushrooms can use the plant derivatives as source of carbon and other nutrients and convert the waste biomass in to value added mushroom fruit bodies besides, contributing to the environmental sustainability. Mushrooms of the genus Pleurotus belonging the family Tricholomataceae are commonly known as oyster mushrooms which occupy the second position among cultivated edible mushrooms worldwide due to their nutritional and medicinal values (Khan et al., 2008). The present paper was designed following the above objective in order to understand the effect of different proportion of maize stem together with cotton seed waste on growth, yield and yield related parameters of the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus.
Seven agricultural wastes (saw dust, coir, sugarcane baggase, sugarcane leaves, cotton waste, banana leaves and rice straw) were used as substrates or nutrient source for the production of mushroom (Pleurotus florida) to investigate the nutritional composition of mushroom. In some cases significant variation was found in nutritional parameters among the mushrooms grown in different substrates. The amount of protein found in mushroom cultivated in banana leaves was significantly higher (at P≤0.05) than in any other substrate. Also lipid, fiber, carbohydrate and ash content differ although in less extent. In most of the cases nutritional composition of mushroom corresponds to the nutritional composition of substrates, however there is some exception. This happens because nutritional requirements of mushroom are fulfilled by the substrates. Also mushroom has the capability to convert complex carbohydrates of substrates to edible proteins which is found in their fruiting bodies. For thi...
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences (IJAAS), 2023
This study aims to evaluate the role of edible fungi in the biodegradation of mushroom substrate by comparing the mineral and proximate composition of a pasteurized substrate before inoculation (BI) with the spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated on cassava peels and sawdust. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State Nigeria. The treatment for this investigation comprised different levels of wheat bran namely: T1 (C/N 17:0 in the control), T2 (C/N ratio 17:1), and T3 (C/N ratio 17:3). 2% lime was added to the substrate to stabilize the pH. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) which was replicated three times. The mineral and proximate compositions were determined using standard procedures. The data generated were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at (p = 0.05). The result obtained from this investigation reviewed that the mineral composition before substrate inoculation was significantly higher than those obtained from the SMS which were in the range: of Na (0.10-0.17 mg/kg), Mg (0.25-0.40 mg/kg), Ash (1.56-2.65%), Ca (0.62-1.40 mg/kg), K (0.25-0.42 mg/kg), and P (0.11-0.44 mg/kg) while the proximate composition is in the range: dry matter (81.6-93.3%), N (0.18-0.31%), crude protein (CP) (1.13-1.94%), crude fiber (2.84-4.82%). This result revealed that significant quantities of the nutrients unlocked by Pleurotus ostreatus were assimilated into the mushroom fruit bodies. Therefore, Pleurotus ostreatus could be used to enrich cassava peels and sawdust substrates which can further be utilized in the formulation of livestock feeds. However, further studies are recommended especially in evaluating more nutritional indices of the substrate.
American Journal of Environment and Climate
The oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is an edible mushroom that belongs to the class of Basidiomycetes. It has reached sufficient market maturity because of its flavor, shelf-life durability, and protein and fiber content. Besides their nutritional, medicinal, and economic value, they may help the country’s agricultural waste management, bridge environmental issues, and contribute to climate change resolution advancements. A study on different varieties of agricultural substrates derived from waste materials such as cassava peels, coconut residue, and coffee waste was investigated and compared to sawdust, the common substrate for oyster mushrooms. The effects of different substrates on the morphological characteristics of P. ostreatus, percent contamination, and yield parameters were recorded and analyzed using the Analysis of Variance in Completely Randomized Design, and their significant results were compared using Tukey’s HSD. Results showed that different substrate mixtures...
African Journal of Plant Science, 2018
A mushroom is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above the ground on soil. The nutritional value of mushrooms is greater than one may think. Generally, it is a nature's hidden treasures of nutrition. The aim of this study was to access the suitability of available agro wastes of some lignocelluloses materials containing five different types of main substrates namely, sawdust (Sd), cow dung (Cd), teff straw (Tfs), corn cobs (CbZ) and chat left over (ChC). During this study, rate of mycelia invasion, cap diameters, stipe length, fresh weight per flush and total yield of Pleurotus ostreatus were recorded, accordingly. Results indicate that, CbZ alone, CbZ*Tfs, CbZ*Sd and Cd*CbZ showed highest biological efficiency of 83.62, 72.8 to 87.5, 62.6 to 7 and 63.4 to 63.8%, respectively, while the lowest yield was obtained from Cd*ChC and Tfs*ChC (46 to 50.16%). Moreover, CbZ alone as well as in combination with other agro wastes (Tfs*CbZ and CbZ*SdC, Cd*Tfs and Chat (Catha edulis)) enhanced the yield of P. ostreatus. Thus, the currently used agro wastes, such as corn cobs, teff straw, sawdust and cow dung are promising substrate for domestic as well as industrial production of mushroom.
African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 2016
Dry areas are vulnerable to climate change and are commonly hit by drought, which makes the inhabitants to rely on food aid. Mushroom cultivation is a profitable agribusiness that can improve the economic and food status of farmers in dry areas as an alternative technology. Research on the effect of substrates on the yield, yield attributes and dietary values of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) was conducted to identify the best substrates. The experiment included 23 treatments with three replications. The substrates were sawdust, rice straw, cottonseed hull & maize cob with 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% combination ratios. The substrates were chopped, moisturized and filled into 40 cm X 60 cm polyethylene bags and sterilized for one hour at 100 o C. The substrates were cooled and inoculated with 75g mushroom spawn, and were kept in a dark place to enhance mycelium growth. The substrates were transferred to a growing room, with full light, lower temperature and higher relative humidity for fructification after mycelium growth was completed. Data on yield attributes, fresh yield and dietary values were collected and analyzed. The fruiting bodies were picked after 22-35 days of inoculation. The treatments had significant effect on the number of days for mushroom growth, stalk length, pileus diameter and number of fruiting body, fresh yield, biological efficiency and dietary values (P < 0.05). All consumers significantly preferred mushroom grown on 100% maize cob substrate. The 100% cottonseed hull substrate gave the highest profit (133.25US$ 100kg-1 substrate). The study concluded that 100% cottonseed hull substrate was the best substrate for oyster mushroom production at small-scale level. It was also the best nutritive source of substrate for oyster mushroom growth. Mushroom grown on a 100% maize cob substrate was a tasty and protein rich mushroom. Therefore, producers should be encouraged to use this substrate for maximizing the yield, for changing the agricultural wastes into food in the form of mushroom and for improving their livelihood. Oyster mushroom could play a pivotal role in supporting the food self-sufficiency, hence it should be included as a component of food security assurance strategy for the country.
Natural Resources, 2013
The straw mushroom, Volvariella volvacea (Bulliard ex Fries) Singer, (V. volvacea), a tropical and subtropical mushroom is an invaluable vegetable. Nutritional properties of straw mushrooms grown on plantain leaves, maize husk and waste cotton were investigated. Aim: The aim of this study was to recommend these agro-wastes for mushroom production by farmers instead of relying solely on seasonal wild hunting, and to promote consumption of the mushroom. Method: Ten percent (10%) of the mushrooms spawn was used to inoculate 500 g of each substrate in plastic baskets. Mushrooms were harvested after twenty days of incubation followed by proximate analysis of the fruiting bodies. Results: Results indicated that the fruiting bodies harvested from the substrates varied significantly (P < 0.05) in carbohydrate, protein, ash and fiber percentage, with maize having the highest value. However, no significant difference was observed in moisture and lipid content. Mushrooms grown on maize substrate showed better nutritional properties compared with other substrates. Conclusion: These agro wastes are recommended for production of V. volvacea.
Growth and Nutritional Indices of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on Different Substrates
Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy, 2021
Lignocellulosic wastes such as agricultural wastes, forestry residues, grasses and woody materials represent huge amount of unutilized renewable resources and are generated every year throughout the world through agricultural practice, paper-pulp industries, timber industries and many agro-industries. The largest reservoir of fermentable carbohydrates is mostly wasted in the form of pre-harvest and post-harvest agricultural losses and wastes of food processing industries causing environmental pollution. Mushrooms are rich in protein, edible fiber and minerals but lipid content is low. Cultivation of mushrooms is a prime factor for the conversion of this low value inedible wastes into a higher value commodity which can serve as food material for humans and as a source of commercially important metabolites. Oyster mushroom is commercially important and is best known for its taste, flavour, high nutritional values and some medicinal properties. In the present study, Oyster mushrooms (P. ostreatus) were grown on different substrates viz., Paddy straw, banana leaves and coconut coir. Growth and yield studies were undertaken and harvested mushrooms were also studied for their nutritional indices. Biological efficiency of the substrate was also determined. It was observed that all the three substrates were efficient as substrate for mushroom cultivation. Results of the present study also indicated that the studied mushrooms have good nutritive value for human although the nutritional content varied with each substrate.
Utilization of different agricultural waste for production of different species of mushroom could be more economically and ecologically practical to meet the nutritional and health needs of ever increasing world population. Mushrooms are grown on a great variety of substrates and the choice of substrate depends on availability and cost. This is on the background that momentous variation on biological efficiency, mushroom nutritive content and yield on different substrate weight have been reported worldwide. This discussion attempt to explore the influence of substrate on mushroom productivity parameters. The use of additives to imrove biological efficiency is highlighted as means of increasing mushroom production. The influence of substrate type and weight have been assessed on mushroom yield to ascertain the exact weight for optimal weight of production. In certain cases mushroom yield have increased with increased in substrate type and weight. Different biological efficiency have ...
International Journal of Agronomy
Mushroom is a fungus growing on decomposing substrates. It is the substrate type that affects the yield and quality of oyster mushroom. It can be cultivated by landless people to alleviate poverty. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and yield performance of oyster mushroom in waste leaves and sawdust. Spawn were purchased from YB Plant Micropropagation Plc; Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia. Euclea racemosa waste leaves, Cordia africana waste leaves, and sawdust were prepared and inoculated with the spawn. Cotton husks were used as a control. 60 grams of spawn was used for 1000 g of each substrate and supplemented with 3% wheat bran and 1% gypsum. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. A one-way ANOVA model was used to indicate significant mean differences at 95% confidence interval between flushes. Treatment means were compared using Turkey’s t test. In the first flush, primordial initiation was fastest and took 6.33 days in Cordia africana waste leaves and provi...