Prevalence, Etiology, and Associated Symptoms of Vaginal Discharge During Pregnancy in Women Seen in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bihar (original) (raw)
Related papers
Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS, 2014
Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are major public health problem. The laboratory tests for diagnosing STI are often unavailable or too expensive. Therefore, World Health Organization has recommended a syndromic approach for diagnosis and management of STI/reproductive tract infections (RTIs). Very few studies so far had evaluated effectiveness of the syndromic approach in diagnosing STI/RTIs in pregnancy. Aims and Objectives: Validation of syndromic management for vaginal discharge syndrome in pregnancy. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out which included 233 pregnant females attending obstetric clinic. They were subjected to clinical examination, vaginal swab collection, and serological tests. Results: A total of 183 (78.54%) pregnant females had vaginal discharge on clinical examination and Candida albicans was the most common clinical diagnosis among them. Of 183 cases diagnosed clinically as vaginal discharge syndrome, 38 (20.7%) were tested positive in laboratory investigations. Out of 50 clinically negative cases, 9 (18%) were detected positive for one of the STIs on laboratory testing. Conclusion: Syndromic approach for management of vaginal discharge syndrome resulted in over-treatment of 78% (false positive) and under-diagnosis of 19.1% (false negative) pregnant females. Hence, integration of antenatal screening services in the form of laboratory tests for vaginal discharge is recommended.
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2013
Abnormal vaginal discharge is the most common complaint of the women of reproductive age group attending Gynae OPD. About 50% women of reproductive age group present with this complaint. 1 Causes of infective vaginal discharges are mainly Bacterial vaginosis, candidal moniliasis, trichomoniasis, cervicitis due to gonorrhoea, Chlamydia. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of vaginal infection. 2 About 1/3 of the women with abnormal vaginal discharges are positive for bacterial vaginosis. The causative organism was previously thought to be Gardenella vaginalis (Haemophilus vaginalis). The present concept is that along with G. vaginalis, anaerobic organisms such as Bacteroides species, Peptococcus species, mobiluncus and Mycoplasma hominis act synergistically to cause vaginal infection. Clinically
Infective genital discharge in a pregnant mother poses a greater risk of transmission of HIV to the unborn child and other complications such as abortion, premature rupture of membrane, prematurity and low birth weight. To detect some common microbial agents of abnormal vaginal discharge in pregnant women in order to improve the early diagnosis and prompt treatment in line with current syndromic management. A prospective study of female genital swabs from pregnant women collected from Primary Health Care Centers, Jos and analysed for microscopy, culture and sensitivity in Jos University Teaching Hospital, December 2006 to December 2007. Data on epidemiologic indices were collected from the patients, using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Microbial agents were detected in 54.3% (n = 380) of a total 700 female genital swab from the pregnant mothers studied. Candida species were at the peak of the group of causative agents with 80.0% (n = 304) of the 380 positive genital swab samples, other causative agents were Gardnerella vaginalis, an agent of bacteria vaginosis with 7.6% and Trichomonas vaginalis, 1.8%. The distribution of abnormal vaginal discharge was highest in the multigravida (73.3%) and is commonest in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy with 44.7 and 39.5% respectively. Abnormal vaginal discharge was prevalent in the multigravida group and the commonest microbial agents of infective vaginal discharge among the pregnant mothers were Candida species. We recommend early diagnosis, prompt treatment and prevention of infective female genital discharge in pregnant mothers in order to curtail the transmission of HIV.
2020
Vaginal discharge may be a subjective complaint or an objective finding. Patients may complain of excessive secretions, abnormally coloured or textured secretions, or malodorous secretions. In the absence of a complaint, the examiner may note abnormal secretions (symptomatic to the patient). We sought to study prevalence of common aerobic bacteria, parasitic and fungal pathogens in abnormal vaginal discharge. Vaginal discharge was collected in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and processed in the Department of Microbiology, IIMS&R, Lucknow from January 1 ST 2017 to June 30 th 2017. Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed by Nugent’s scoring system and Amsel’s criteria. While normal saline and iodine method were used for the diagnosis of Trichomonas and gram’s staining used for candida diagnosis. A total of 322 women were included. 147 (45.7%) mixed infection women were diagnosed withCandidiasis,BV, Trichomoniasis. 118 (36.6 %) were diagnosed with AVF with inflammation. 40(12.4%) ...
International journal of applied research, 2018
Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition of vaginal flora imbalance, in which the typically plentiful Lactobacillus are scarce and other bacteria, such as Gardnerella vaginalis, and anaerobes (e.g. Mobiluncus, Bacteroides), are overly abundant. BV has been related to many complications of pregnancy including PID, endometritis, amniotic fluid infection, preterm delivery (up to 40 percent of premature births), preterm labour, PROM, and, possibly, spontaneous abortion. Certain factors or behaviours that increase a woman’s risk of BV during pregnancy include race, sexual activity, socioeconomic status, maternal stress. The present study aimed to screen both symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant women for BV and to determine any associated risk factors. Materials and methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a total of 160 pregnant women at various periods of gestation were screened for bacterial vaginosis by simple random sampling during their routine antenatal vi...
Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology
Backgrounds: Abnormal vaginal discharge is a common problem among pregnant women. The most common cause of these discharges is bacterial vaginosis (BV), which has numerous complications and causes problems for pregnant mothers and their fetuses. The purpose of this study was to determine the BV frequency among pregnant women referring to a gynecology clinic in Arak city using Amsel and Nugent criteria, Alberta guideline, and PCR. Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 70 vaginal samples of pregnant women in Arak to investigate the most common causes of vaginal discharge according to Amsel and Nugent criteria and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method using specific primers targeted towards three bacteria: Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Mobiluncus curtisii. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and Chi-square test. Findings: In this study, ten (14.28%) out of 70 pregnant women had positive bacterial vaginosis according to Amsel criteria. According to Nugent criteria and Alberta guideline, three (4.29%) cases were diagnosed with definite BV, 20 (32.26%) cases with intermediate BV with clue cells, 42 (67.74%) cases with intermediate BV without clue cells, and finally five (4.29%) cases with negative BV. Also, according to PCR, the frequency of G. vaginalis, M. curtisii, and A. vaginae in vaginal samples was 71.42% (50 cases), 64.28% (45 cases), and 30% (21 cases), respectively. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, the prevalence of definite bacterial vaginosis was lower than that of vaginitis, and most patients suffered from nonspecific vaginitis.
Study of Bacterial Vaginosis in Women of Reproductive Age Group in Southern Odisha
Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge among women in the reproductive age group with complex changes in vaginal flora and is associated with low birth weight infant and preterm birth.This study was done with the aim of detecting different bacteria causing vaginosis in 18 – 49 years age group of women in Southern Odisha.A study on 120 women presenting with abnormal vaginal discharge attending the Gynaecology OPD was conducted from August 2016-July 2017. Two high vaginal swabs were taken. One was used for Gram stain, pH testing and Whiff test. Second swab was used for culture on blood agar and Columbia blood agar. Diagnosis was done using the Nugent scoring system. Total 120 patients were studied. Maximum no. of patients with vaginal discharge belonged to 18 to 28 years(56%). Vaginal pH more than 4.5 was seen in 78% and Whiff test was positive in 50% women. The predominant isolate was Gardnerellavaginalis (56.7%) followed by Mobiluncusspp (23.3%),andBacteroides (8.3%). Sixty eight percent(68%) of patients showed Nugent score of 7 and 32% women showed 9-10 indicating complete depletion of Lactobacillus spp.Gardnerellavaginalis, Bacteroidessppand Mobiluncussppwere associated with bacterial vaginosis in this population. Early diagnosisand appropriate treatment would reduce the complication.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, 2020
Background: Prematurity is the cause of 85% of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Recently, vaginal infection has been associated with increased risks for prematurity and premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Since preventive measures can prevent preterm labour and neonatal morbidity and mortality taking these facts into consideration the present study was undertaken to study the role of vaginal infection in preterm labour, PPROM, PROM. Methods: A prospective observational study was done in Obstetrics and Gynaecologty Department of DMCH, Laheriasarai, Bihar. The aim was to study the role of vaginal infections in preterm labour, preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Objectives of the study were to diagnose vaginal infection by taking high vaginal swab, to study the relation of vaginal infection and preterm labour, PPROM, PROM, to evaluate maternal morbidity, mortality and neonatal outcome. The another objective was to select an appr...
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.7\_Issue.11\_Nov2017/IJHSR\_Abstract.03.html, 2017
Background: A vaginal discharge means any secretion originating from the vagina except blood. Pathological vaginal discharge predisposes to preterm labor and prematurity which is a leading cause of infant mortality in the world. Objectives: To determine prevalence and aetiology of pathological vaginal discharge among women in third trimester who attend Antenatal Care (ANC) at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital (KIUTH). Research methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from February through April, 2017. 394 of the women in third trimester who attended ANC at KIUTH during the study period were recruited, and data was collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and laboratory investigation on the vaginal discharge specimen. The data was analyzed with the use of SPSS software. Results: 45.2% of participants had pathological vaginal discharge. Vaginal Candidiasis largely contributed to pathological vaginal discharge (37.1%) while Trichomoniasis contributed the least (2.2%). Bacterial Vaginosis caused 10.1% of the pathological vaginal discharge while 50.6% was due to bacterial infections (of the total of 178 participants, 34.3% had Staphylococcus Species infection, Streptococcus infection at 1.7%, Klebsiella species at 3.4% and mixed infections at 1.1%). Conclusion: Some pregnant women in third trimester who attend ANC at KIUTH actually harbor pathogenic organisms (Trichomonas spp, Candida spp, Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp, E. coli and Bacterial vaginosis) and these organisms put them at risk of poor perinatal outcomes like premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, etc. Some pregnant women in third trimester have pathogenic bacterial colonization that requires detection and necessary care given.