Quality of raw milk for human consumption in two locations in Sucre , Colombia (original) (raw)
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Raw milk quality in Northwestern Colombia
Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias, 2016
Background: the worldwide trend in agro industries is to optimize food quality and obtain safe products for human consumption. It is important to produce milk with excellent physicochemical and microbiological quality to reduce public health risks. Objective: to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological quality of milk and udder health in northwest Colombia, through the raw milk received at a leading dairy plant in Valledupar (Colombia). Methods: a non-probability sampling and a cross-sectional study were conducted. Raw milk samples from 186 beef and milk (dual purpose) farms were collected. Physicochemical parameters, mesophilic and somatic cell counts were determined. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using SAS software. Results: physicochemical parameters were within the normal range in accordance with Colombian Decree No. 616 of 2006. The average mesophilic and somatic cell count was 305,279 colony forming units (CFU)/mL, and 523,207 somatic cells (SC)/mL, respectively. Sixty-eight percent of the farms had somatic cell counts greater than 200,000 SC/mL, which is the threshold for bovine mastitis. Conclusion: physicochemical quality of milk was good, but there were shortcomings in microbiological quality and udder health. Therefore, efforts are required to prevent this problems and to implement excellent management practices in the farms.
Quality of raw milk in the highland tropics of Nariño, Colombia
Agronomía Mesoamericana, 2020
Introduction. The production and commercialization of raw milk in Nariño, Colombia, follows microbiological and compositional standards on which payment for quality is made. However, quality can be affected during its transport after milking. Objective. To describe the microbiological and compositional quality of raw milk in the highland tropic. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in seven municipalities in the department of Nariño, Colombia, during the rainy season between February and July of 2017. Two milk samples from the same milk can were collected, one after milking (farm; n = 10), and the second at the collection point (tank; n = 10). In each sample, the following variables were evaluated: height above the sea level of the collection site, aerobic mesophilic count (CFU), total coliform count (COL), milk temperature, fat (FAT), protein (PC) and total solids (TS). Results. The temperature of the milk was higher on the farm compared to the tank (30±0.68 vs. 23±0.87...
Conformity of Refrigerated Raw Milk from Family Production Units of Southern Espírito Santo
2018
Dairy farming is an important activity in Brazil and Espírito Santo state, with small properties accounting for 80% of production. Despite of this economic importance, data about quality of the milk produced and the hygienic-sanitary conditions are still scarce. Then, the objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of refrigerated raw milk produced in family production units in southern Espírito Santo to verify compliance with Brazilian legal standards. Three collections were carried out in 29 community expansion tanks, for a total of 87 samples of refrigerated raw milk. Analysis of standard plate count (SPC), psychrotrophic bacteria count (PBC), somatic cell count (SCC), titratable acidity, density, fat, total dry extract (TDE), non-fat dry extract (NFDE), residues of antibiotics (β-lactam and tetracycline), cadmium and lead levels were performed. Of the 87 samples, 66% presented non-standard values for SPC, and 38% had non-standard values for SCC. Eighty five perce...
International Journal of New Technology and Research, 2019
Milk is a natural food, rich in several nutrients which help in the development of organisms and functions as nutrition for most species. In order for this food to guarantee its nutritional value, it must follow some physical, chemical and microbiological standards. In this work, the physical-chemical quality of the milk produced in the city of Saudade do Iguaçu, Paraná, was evaluated, delivered to a large dairy factory for food production. Fifteen samples of raw milk were collected, which were submitted to analysis of acidity, fat, cryoscopy, density, presence of antibiotic, alkaline substances, chlorides and starch. Comparing the results obtained to the standards of the Normative Instruction 51/2002, it was confirmed that the densities of the samples were normal. For acidity, there was a non-standard result (sample 11); in the cryoscopy there were two results that did not fit the parameters (sample 1, sample 11), and for fat two samples had a high value (sample 8, sample 11). Samples 1 and 11 were not suitable for production and consumption of dairy products, and proper disposal of samples was necessary. Most of the samples presented satisfactory results according to the legal standard of the federal health legislation of milk quality. Index Terms-Physical-chemical properties, Quality of the Milk, Quality standards. I. INTRODUCTION Milk is considered to be one of the most complete foods that exist because it has a high nutritional value, fundamental for the human diet; it is source of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins [1]. According to the Normative Instruction-IN 51/2002 of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA), milk is understood to be the product of complete and uninterrupted
Revista MVZ Córdoba, 2021
Objective. Evaluate the hygienic-sanitary, physicochemical and microbiological quality of bovine milk for sale, produced in a family stable and in three public markets in Tabasco state. Materials and methods. The hygienic-sanitary quality was determined according to general information of the farm, facilities, milking process, cleaning and disinfection. Physicochemical quality was determined by evaluating total proteins, casein, butyric fat, lactose, non-fatty solids and density. Microbiological quality was determined by titratable acidity, alcohol test, somatic cell content, oxide-reduction potential, foreign matter, bacterial inhibitors, and aerobic mesophilic bacteria. Results. The milk produced in the family stable was evaluated with the highest physicochemical and microbiological quality, in reference to the standards evaluated by the official Mexican regulations established in Mexico by the Council for the promotion of the quality of milk and its derivatives, A. C. Instead, milk in three public markets, it was considered as rejection, indicating possible contamination during milking processes, as well as handling and transport to public markets. Conclusions. Milk samples from public markets were considered not suitable for human consumption or for the production of by-products.
Agronomía Mesoamericana, 2021
Introduction. Currently, there are no bibliographic or statistical records that allow establishing a correlation between the physical-chemical quality characteristics of raw cow’s milk produced in the Republic of Panama and the classification it receives. Objective. To characterize and quantify the physical-chemical parameters of the quality of raw cow’s milk and correlate these characteristics with the classification that milk receives in Panama. Materials and methods. A stratified sampling was carried out according to the classification of raw cow´s milk (grade A, B, and C), 48 of grade A, 71 of grade B, and 393 of grade C. Random samples were taken in Cocle, Veraguas, Herrera and Los Santos during the rainy season from June to September 2018. In the Chiriquí province, the sampling was conducted during the dry season, from January to March 2019. In addition, it was necessary to have at least 512 producers or farms, so that the analysis reached a confidence level of 95 %, a standar...
AGRONOMÍA MESOAMERICANA: VOL. 32, Nº 3 (SETIEMBRE-DICIEMBRE), 2021
Introduction. Currently, there are no bibliographic or statistical records that allow establishing a correlation between the physical-chemical quality characteristics of raw cow's milk produced in the Republic of Panama and the classification it receives. Objective. To characterize and quantify the physical-chemical parameters of the quality of raw cow's milk and correlate these characteristics with the classification that milk receives in Panama. Materials and methods. A stratified sampling was carried out according to the classification of raw cow´s milk (grade A, B, and C), 48 of grade A, 71 of grade B, and 393 of grade C. Random samples were taken in Cocle, Veraguas, Herrera and Los Santos during the rainy season from June to September 2018. In the Chiriquí province, the sampling was conducted during the dry season, from January to March 2019. In addition, it was necessary to have at least 512 producers or farms, so that the analysis reached a confidence level of 95 %, a standard deviation of 5 %, and a limit of error of 5 %. Results. The values found allow us to consider that the milk produced in Panama has the physicalchemical characteristics according to international standards. The correlation analysis indicated that the protein had a high relationship with solids non-fat (SNF), density (D), and lactose (L) (0.93, 0.91, and 0.96, respectively); also L is strongly related to SNF and D (0.94 and 0, 91, respectively). Conclusions. The analysis of variance did not allow to establish significant differences between the three existing classifications in the country, which allow a distribution of milk according to the grades of these parameters. However, it was possible to establish the existing correlation between some of these parameters.
Microbiological quality aspects of cow's milk at a smallholder cooperative in Turrialba, Costa Rica
Revue d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux, 1997
Milk quality is determined by parameters of composition and hygiene. The compositional quality of milk is mainly influenced by nutritional, managerial and genetic factors. Furthermore, it is affected by proteolytic enzymes. These are either inherent to milk secretion, associated with leukocytes in mastitic milk, or synthesized by psychrotrophic bacteria that contaminate milk (10, 26). Proteolytic activity seems to be partly related to elevated somatic cell counts of raw milk (8, 23, 24). The hygienic quality of milk is influenced by pathogenic organisms, saprophytic microorganisms, residues, and other contaminants (18). Hygienic control measures are necessary in order to achieve a “clean, safe,
Food and Public Health, 2012
Milk is a food that inherently favors microbial growth and due to its characteristics several precautions must be taken to prevent contamination in its production, processing, marketing and consumption, which are routinely subject to changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate microbiological contamination in milk produced at two farms in the Far West of Santa Catarina, before and after the application of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). Initially, samples of the milk, surfaces of equipment and utensils for milking, the teats of animals, disinfectants, and water were tested. Next, we conducted training of the farmers in microbiological analysis of milk samples. The analyses included counts of mesophilic aerobes (MA), Staphylococcus coagulase positive (SA), total coliform (TC), and thermotolerant (FC). The methods used for analyses were those described by the Regulation number 62 of August 26th, 2003 published by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture and Food Supply (MAPA) that follows methods recommended by the Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods-APHA. The mean values for MA, SA, TC, and FC in milk obtained before and after the training were, respectively: 4.88 and 3.69 log colony-forming-unit (CFU)/ ml, 3.04 and 2.37 log CFU / ml, 61.19 Most probable number (MPN) and 17.89 MPN/ ml, and 40.26 and 8.71 MPN/ ml. Thus, according to these results, including training in GMP can improve the quality of milk, with immediate results for MA, TC, and CF. But, beyond the procedures employed, the control and prevention of mastitis could help to avoid contamination by SA.
Milk quality from Western Santa Catarina in the period of 2009 - 2010
Revista Academica Ciências Agrarias e Ambientais, 2013
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the quality of refrigerated raw milk produced by 912 farmers in the Western part of Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The parameters analyzed were fat, protein, lactose, solids nonfat (SNF) content, standard plate count (SPC) and somatic cell count (SCC). A comparative analysis study with data from 2009 and 2010 was also conducted, which has shown that SCC influenced on the physico-chemical results. It was also observed that in 2010 the values for SCC were higher than in 2009, out of the limits recommended by the legislation until 2011. The SPC values were well above the maximum level accepted, indicating high contamination of milk with aerobic mesophilic microorganisms. The data collected indicated that only 4.9% of the producers sampled in 2009 and 8.1% in 2010 were in compliance with the standards enforced by a new legislation of January 2012. There was also increase on the milk fat content as SCC increased, which was not observed wi...