Water management for wheat grown in sandy soil under climate change conditions (original) (raw)
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SESSION 1: …, 2003
To cite th is article / Pou r citer cet article -Climate ch an ge an d produ ctivity of some wh eat cu ltivars u n der rain fed an d su pplemen tary irrigation con dition s. In : Cantero-Martínez C. (ed.), Gabiña D. (ed.). Mediterranean rainfed agriculture: Strategies for sustainability . SUMMARY -Crop model programs are currently needed to study the impact of climate change on agricultural production. This could help the decision makers to implement future agricultural strategies together with different scenarios related to agricultural practices. One of these programs is DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer), which is used to evaluate and predict wheat yield under all environmental conditions such as soil, weather, irrigation and fertilizers and simulate the yield of different wheat cultivars to select the cultivar(s) for different environments. We measured data taken from a field experiment carried out at Maryout (Northwest Coast of Egypt) during 1991-92, 1992-93 and 1993-94 growing seasons to evaluate the productivity of some bread wheat varieties under rainfed and supplementary irrigation conditions at different growth stages. The experiment included twenty-four treatments, which were the combination of four supplementary irrigation schedules: (i) only rainfed 170 mm of rainfall; (ii) one irrigation at heading stage 480 m 3 /ha; (iii) one irrigation at milk ripe stage 480 m 3 /ha; and (iv) two irrigations at the above stages (960 m 3 /ha) and six wheat varieties (i.e. Sakha 8, Sakha 69, Giza 155, Cham 4, Cham 6 and Gomam). Predicted and measured grain were compared and the results indicated that there were significant and favorable differences between the six wheat cultivars where Cham 4 and Giza 155 cultivars had the higher grain yield under rainfed treatment. Whereas, under one supplementary irrigation treatment Sakha 69 cultivar recorded the higher grain yield followed by the Cham 6 cultivar. Moreover, Cham 6 and Sakha 69 cultivars produced the higher grain yield under the two supplementary irrigation treatments. On the other hand, there was a significant increase in the grain yield with increasing supplementary irrigation times. The potential impact of climatic change on wheat production was evaluated by simulation of wheat production under climatic change conditions by the year 2040 compared to the predicted production under current conditions. In this respect results indicated that the grain yield increased differently according to the wheat cultivar. This may be due to the positive effect of duplication in CO 2 on wheat as C 3 plants. 'horizon 2040 en comparaison avec la production prévue sous les conditions actuelles. A cet égard les résultats ont indiqué que le rendement en grain augmentait différemment selon le cultivar de blé. Ceci pourrait être dû à l'effet positif de la duplication du CO 2 du blé chez les plantes C 3 telles que le blé.
Combating the Harm Effect of Climate Change on Wheat Using Irrigation Water Management
The effect of climate change on wheat grown under sprinkler irrigation was studied using previous data of two growing seasons, i.e. 2008/09 and 2009/10. These data was used to calibrate CropSyst model. Furthermore, a field experiment conducted at El-Bosaily farm El-Behira Governorate in 2010/11 growing season. The data of this experiment was used to validate the CropSyst model. The treatments of the experiment validation experiment composed of two wheat cultivars (Sakha 94 and Sakha 93) and four irrigation treatments (0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 of ETc). Four climate change scenarios (A1, A2, B1 and B2) were used to assess the consequences of climate change on wheat yield in four time slices (2040, 2060, 2080 and 2100). A new irrigation schedule developed by BIS model was used to save irrigation water and improve water productivity under climate change conditions. The results showed that CropSyst model was able to predict wheat yield with high degree of accuracy for both calibration and validation procedures. The results also indicated that, in general, the yield of both cultivars will be decrease under climate change; however the reduction was lower for Sakha 93, compared by Sakha 94. The lowest reduction in the yield of both cultivars occurred in 2040 under B2 climate change scenario; whereas the highest yield losses were obtained in 2100 under A2 climate change scenario. The application of the new irrigation schedule under climate change conditions saved irrigation water by 6, 27 and 39% under irrigation with 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 of ETc, respectively. Furthermore, it increased water productivity under the four climate change scenarios, compared with irrigation amount resulted from 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 of ETc, for both wheat cultivars. Moreover, Sakha 93 gave the highest water productivity. Our results suggested that if we want to reduce yield losses for wheat under climate change conditions and save significant amounts of irrigation water, Sakha 93 should be cultivated and BIS model should be used to schedule irrigation.
The impact of Climate Changes on Wheat Production under Egyptian Conditions
Decade -to- decade fluctuations in weather causes large variations in crop yields. Uncertainty in weather creates a risky environment for agricultural production. During the last decades the application of simulation and system analysis in agricultural research has increased considerably. The analysis of the impact of climate change on wheat production was investigated using Sirius model. Crop models, in general, integrate current knowledge from various disciplines, including meteorology, soil physics, soil chemistry, crop physiology, plant breeding, and agronomy, into a set of mathematical equations to predict growth, development and yield. The objective of this study was to help the decision maker to get the contingency plan to meet the future needs of wheat under the effect of climate changes conditions (temperature and Co2) and adopt the alternative options of irrigation and fertilizers management. The effects of different concentrations of Co2 380, 420, 460, 500, 540, 580 and 620 ppm and the increasing rate of average annual air temperature + 1.5, + 3, + 4.5 and + 6 oC were studied on yield of wheat. The obtained results showed that, the increasing of Co2 lead to increase the yield of wheat, while the increasing the temperature had a negative effect on the wheat production. The increase of wheat production as a result of increasing Co2 was less than the reduction rate in wheat yield as a result of increasing temperature. Under the water shortage only and water shortage + N fertilizer shortage, the reduction of yield was higher, while the reduction of wheat because of water shortage was higher than N fertilizer shortage. With increasing the temperature, the loose of wheat yield get greater.
Modeling the Irrigation Schedule on Wheat under Climate Change Conditions
The effect of climate change on wheat grown under sprinkler irrigation was studied using previous data of two growing seasons (2008/09 and 2009/10); these data were used to calibrate CropSyst model. Furthermore, a field experiment was conducted at El-Giza Governorate in 2010/11 growing season; the data of this experiment (2010/11 season) was used to validate the CropSyst model. The treatments of the validation experiment composed of two wheat cultivars (Sakha 93 and Giza 168) and four irrigation treatments (0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 of ETc). Two climate change scenarios (A2 and B2) were used to assess the consequences of climate change on wheat yield in 2060. A new irrigation schedule developed by Basic Irrigation Schedule (BIS) model was used to improve water productivity under climate change conditions. The results showed that CropSyst model was able to predict wheat yield with high degree of accuracy for both calibration and validation procedures. The results also indicated that, in general, the yield of both cultivars will be decrease under climate change; however the reduction was lower for Sakha 93, as compared with Giza 168. The application of the new irrigation schedule under climate change conditions increased water productivity under the two climate change scenarios, compared with irrigation amount resulted from 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 of ETc, for both wheat cultivars. Moreover, Sakha 93 gave the highest water productivity. Our results suggested that if we want to reduce yield losses for wheat under climate change conditions and increase water productivity, Sakha 93 should be cultivated and BIS model should be used to schedule irrigation.
Sinai Journal of Applied Sciences, 2019
Simulation models are important tools to explore and illustrate dynamics of climatic variables in crop based ecosystem. Two open-field experiments were conducted during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Environ. Agric. Sciences, Arish University (31° 08' 04.3" N, 33° 49' 37.2" E). This work was aimed to evaluate the performance of four bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars i.e.; Misr-1, Sakha-93, Giza-168 and Gemmeiza-9) in relation to two irrigation pattern i.e. surface supplemental irrigations (12 irrigations) and rainfed under the metrological conditions of North Sinai. Results obtained from experimental field studies were used as indicators to test the performance of DSSAT-CSM (Cropping System Model) Ver. 4.5.1.023. Necessary files were prepared as required. Two different climate scenarios have been implemented in order to study effects of future climate changes on wheat plant growth and yield. Scenarios were done by adding 2°C and 4°C to maximum and minimum temperatures of the last successful winter season (2016/2017) starting from the best sowing date indicated at conducted field experiments and finishing by the end of growing cycle. The future impacts of climate change on wheat showed that increasing in temperature will reduce length of growing cycle and the time needed to full tillering in addition to the final yield. This subsequently will reduce the amount of grain yield; accelerate time for maturity and harvesting. For +2°C scenario, reduction in grain yield, as predicted by the model, will be reach 9.6% loses in grain yield for supplementary irrigated Gemmeiza-9 cultivar and averaged of 18% among all other cultivars. Scenario of +4°C will reduce supplementary irrigated Gemmeiza-9 grain yield by 16.2% and within an average of 23.8% among all other cultivars. The reduction will be more under rainfed irrigation pattern. Generally, Supplementary irrigated Gemmeiza-9 cultivar is recommended treatment to maximized bread wheat grain yield and as an adaption measure to reduce yield variability as affected by increasing of potential temperature scenarios under North Sinai environmental conditions and all similarity regions.
Vulnerability and adaptation of wheat to climate change in Middle Egypt
13th Conference on …, 2009
The effect of climate change on the yield of three wheat varieties (Sids1, Sakha 93 and Giza 168) and consumptive use was studied by implementing two-year field experiment in Giza Agricultural Station, Giza, Egypt in 2006/07 and 2007/08 growing seasons using CropSyst model with two climate change scenarios. These scenarios were A2 (temperature increase by 3.1°C and CO 2 concentration is 834 ppm) and B2 (temperature increase by 2.2°C and CO 2 concentration is 601 ppm) developed by Hadley Center for Climate Prediction and Research. CropSyst model was validated using the collected data of wheat yield and consumptive use. The scenarios were used to run the CropSyst model and to predict the expected yield in the year of 2038. Two early sowing dates were proposed as adaptation options, i.e. 1 st of November and 21 st of October to reduce the harm effect of climate change on wheat yield and a new irrigation schedule was used. The results indicated that CropSyst predictions for yield and consumptive use were highly accurate. Furthermore, A2 scenario predicted greater reduction in wheat yield, compared with B2 scenario in the year of 2038. Likewise, wheat yield losses were higher at the 1 st growing season, compared with the 2 nd growing season under the two scenarios. The results also revealed that under the 1 st growing season for both climate change scenarios, Sakha 93 variety was found to be more tolerant to heat stress. Whereas, Sids 1 variety was found less vulnerable to climate change in the 2 nd growing season. The results also showed that wheat yield improvement and irrigation water saving could be attained using the proposed adaptation strategies in the year of 2038. Under cultivation in November, 1 st , a slight improvement in yield losses could be achieved with a slight increase in the amount of applied irrigation water. Whereas, under sowing in October, 21 st , a decrease in yield losses could be achieved with a decrease in the amount of applied irrigation water. Under all cases, water use efficiency was increased, compared with its value under the two climate change scenarios.
Journal of Agrometeorology
Field experiments were conducted at research farm of SKUAST-K, Shalimar campus, Srinagar for 2 years (2003-04 and 2004-05) on silt clay loam soil and at research farm of Integrated Farming System, SKUAST-J, Chatha, Jammu for 7 years (2003-04 to 2009-10) at sandy loam soil in order to find out the impact of climate change on wheat crop under temperate and sub tropical condition by using crop simulation model (DSSAT-v4.0). The results showed that under temperate condition the phenology of wheat is more affected compared to sub tropical condition if temperature increased and decreased. Simulated grain yield of wheat increased up to 18.31 per cent by elevated CO2 to 350 ppm from the base value 330 ppm in temperate condition.
International Journal of Plant Production
Any change in environmental conditions will affect crop growth and development and have an effect on crop productivity. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of climate change on irrigated wheat production and water use efficiency in Fars province in Iran. Accordingly, a general circulation model (HadCM3) was applied for two emission scenarios (A1B and A2) for three periods (2011-30, 2046-65 and 2080-2099) at nine locations in Fars province in central Iran. The APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator) crop model was used to simulate growth and development of wheat as well as water use efficiency under future climate scenarios. The results indicated that the increase in CO 2 concentration to 674 ppm in 2099 under A1B neutralized the negative effects of high temperature during the growing season and improved crop yield. The results indicate that, by the end of the century under the A2 emission scenario 10-15% of Fars province will have a grain yield of more than 10 t ha −1 and about 65% will have a grain yield of 8-10 t ha −1. Averaged across locations, scenarios and periods, water use efficiency increased by 3.56 kg ha −1 mm −1 in the future scenarios over baseline. Overall, the improved water use efficiency under future climate change was largely the result of a significant increase in yield (from 6989.5 kg ha −1 at baseline to 8416.5 kg ha −1 in all future scenarios) and decreased evapotranspiration (from 506.8 mm at baseline to 478 mm in all future scenarios).
Management practice to optimize wheat yield and water use in changing climate
Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 2019
Field experiments for six seasons (2008-2013) for present time slice (PTS; 2008-2013) and simulation studies for mid-century (MC; 2021-2050) were carried out to assess different planting dates, varieties and irrigation schedules in addressing the impact of climate change on grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). During field experimentation, WUE (averaged over other treatment) was unaffected by planting date, however, it was 6% higher in late variety (V 1) than early variety (V 2). Simulation study suggested that in MC, increase in maximum and minimum temperatures compared to PTS would A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t reduce wheat yield by 17-27%. In MC, WUE would be reduced by 14.8% due to shortening of crop duration (1-11 days). The reduction in WUE could be ascribed to relatively more reduction in yield (22%) than ET (4%). The WUE in MC3 (2041-2050) was relatively more than MC1 (2021-2030) and MC2 (2031-2040) due to more yield and less ET. Delaying planting date of wheat crop by 15-30 days in this region emerged as the best adaptation measure to tackle climate change impact for sustaining yield and having higher water use efficiency in mid-century.
Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2024
In AquaCrop model was used to calibrate and verify the performance of the winter wheat crop in south of Iraq Al-Suwaira Research Station using data recorded in period 1/1/2008 and 31/12/2017. The results showed an increase in both annual and monsoon rains at the mid and end century periods for both RCP4.5 and REP8.5 scenarios implementing model GFDL-ESM2M. The annual and monsoon rains decreased in the EC-Earth model for both the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, while increased slightly in the CNRM-CM5 model under RCP4.5 and dropped with RCP8.5. Highest yield was recorded at the base period (2.36 ton/hectare) during the simulation period. The water productivity increased compared to the base period 2040-2050, while it was equal for both base period and the period 2020-2030 and in the RCP8.5 scenario.