Staphylococcus aureus in Horses in Nigeria: Occurrence, Antimicrobial, Methicillin and Heavy Metal Resistance and Virulence Potentials (original) (raw)
Related papers
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science, 2021
The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from the available samples at the Department of the Veterinary Medicine University of Maiduguri which were collected from nares of an apparently healthy horse. A total of 92 S. aureus isolates were analyzed. 26 isolate ware Resistance on Oxacillin-resistant screening agar base (ORSAB). The high sensitivity of ORSAB resistant isolates ware observed in Pefloxacin 26 (100%), Gentamycin 26 (100%), Ciprofloxacin 26 (100%), Septrin 26 (100%), and Streptomycin 26 (100%). Intermediate susceptible in Erythromycin 18 (69) and 16 (62) Rocephin ware. High resistance was recorded against penicillin Ampiclox (Ampicillin / Cloxacillin) 26 (100%), Amoxicillin 26 (100%), Zinnacef (92%).
Animals
This work aimed to determine the frequency and diversity of Staphylococcus species carriage in horses intended for human consumption, as well as their resistance and virulence determinants. Eighty samples (30 nasal; 50 faecal) were recovered from 73 healthy horses in a Spanish slaughterhouse. The samples were cultured for staphylococci and methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) recovery. The phenotype/genotype of antimicrobial resistance was analysed for all isolates. The spa-type and sequence-type (ST) were determined in Staphylococcus aureus strains; moreover, the presence of virulence and host-adaptation genes (tst, eta, etb, pvl, lukPQ, scn-eq, and scn) was studied by PCR. Staphylococcus species were detected in 27/30 (90%) and 33/50 (66%) of nasal and faecal samples, respectively. Ninety isolates belonging to eight species were recovered, with predominance of S. aureus (n = 34), Staphylococcus delphini (n = 19), and Staphylococcus sciuri (n = 19). S. aureus strains were all ...
Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 2016
Objective: The objectives of this study was to investigate phenotypically the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin Resistance S. aureus (MRSA) in ruminants and animal handlers in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Materials and methods: A total of 937 samples (900 nasal and skin swabs of cattle and 37 humans samples) were collected in Maiduguri metropolis. The samples were inoculated onto mannitol salt agar (MSA) and blood agar, and the cultrue plates were incubated at 37 o C for 24 h. The S. aureus colonies showing golden yellow color on MSA were primarily identified as S. aureus, which were then subjected for catalase and coagulase tests. All S. aureus were finally screened for the presence of MRSA on oxalate resistant screening agar (ORSAB) medium. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the MRSA were measured by disc diffusion method. Results: The overall prevalence of S. aureus was 44.3% (n=414/937). The MRSA could be detected in 12.1% (n=113/937) samples. Considerign different species, S. aureus could be isolated from 137 (45.6%), 148 (49.3%) and 119 (39.7%), 11 (29.7%) cattle, sheep, goat and humans, respectively. In ruminants, 27.7% (n-83/300) bulls were positive for S. aureus. Similarly, 10.7% (n=32/300) and 22.3% (n=67/300) were positive for S. aureus in rams and bucks, respectively. On the other hand, 18% (n=54/300), 38.7% (n=116/300) and 17.3% (n=52/300) samples from cows, ewes and does were positive for S. aureus. The highest MRSA could be isolated from ewes (9.3%; n=28/300) follwed by bulls (7%; n=21/300) and bucks (6.7%; n=20/300). In humans, 13.5% (n=5/37) samples were positive for MRSA. Conclusion: S. aureus and MRSA infections in ruminants and animal handlers are documented in this study. The MRSA may exert public health threat to humans.
2009
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a contagious, opportunistic pathogen that causes clinical or subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle. The genetic background and antimicrobial resistance of isolates from Ethiopian dairy farms has not been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize S. aureus from Ethiopian hand milked dairy cows, by spa, MLST and virulence factor typing, and by assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility. A total of 79 S. aureus isolates from intramammary infections was studied. A PCR was used to detect lukM-lukF' and pvl genes encoding the bovine and human associated bi-component leukocidins, and the toxic shock syndrome toxin gene-1 (tst). Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the broth microdilution method. Results: Twenty different spa types were identified, most isolates were t042 (58%), and the closely related t15786 (11%). The proportion of isolates positive for lukM-lukF', tst and pvl was low at 0.04, 0.10 and 0.09 respectively, with lukM-lukF' often co-occurring with tst, but not with pvl. Methicillin-resistance was not found, but resistance to penicillin/ ampicillin (86%) and tetracycline (54%) was very common. Conclusions: We found a high degree of relatedness among bovine S. aureus isolates in NorthWestern Ethiopia, suggesting contagious within and between farm transmission of strains that are often resistant to commonly used antimicrobials. This highlights the need for effective preventive measures that aim at limiting transmission of bacteria rather than using antimicrobials to control S. aureus mastitis in Ethiopia.
Journal of Animal Health and Production, 2015
Staphylococcus aureus, a normal flora of human and animals is recognized as an opportunistic pathogen that cause several infections. In present study, eighty S. aureus isolates were recovered from different animals such as sheep, goat, buffalo, camel, horse, cattle, dog and human. These isolates were exposed to in vitro antibiotic sensitivity test using eleven antimicrobial agents which included ampicillin (10µg), amikacin (30µg), chloramphenicol (30µg), sulfanilamide (30µg), erythromycin (15µg), gentamicin (10µg), kanamycin (30µg), neomycin (30µg), ofloxacin (5µg), penicillin G (10 IU) and tetracycline (30µg) by disc diffusion technique. Results indicated that camel isolates of S. aureus were found100% sensitive to tetracycline. While, ofloxacin and amikacin were found 100% effective against sheep and dog isolates respectively. Whereas, chloramphenicol showed 100% sensitivity against isolates of dog and horse. Ampicillin (0% sensitive to buffalo, cattle, goat, dog and horse isolates) and sulfanilamide (0% sensitive to buffalo, cattle, camel, goat and sheep isolates) showed least sensitivity as compared to other antimicrobial agents. However, poultry isolates showed least, while camel and horse isolates showed most response for the antimicrobial agents. These results indicates the host-microbe interaction and also probable role of host in progression of resistance in S. aureus against antimicrobial agents.
A study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus from Bovine and Ovine species in Maiduguri metropolis. Two hundred and eighty one (n =281) clinical and non-clinical swab samples from Bovine (n=133) and Ovine (n=148) species were collected; the samples were screened for incidence of Staphylococcus aureus and susceptibility of the isolates to various antimicrobial agents using standard procedures. Eighty two (61.7%) of the Bovine and 91 (61.5%) of the Ovine samples were S. aureus positive. The isolates were further tested for haemolysin production and subjected to antibiotic sensitivity tests against 16 antibiotics representing various classes of antimicrobial agents, 10 antibiogroups (Groups A -K) were obtained and the antimicrobial resistance index (MARI) showed that as high as 86.1% (149/173) of the screened isolated pathogens had MARI above 0.2 (> 0.2). The haemolysin tests showed 34.1% of the isolates to be alpha-haemolytic. The MARI value is an indication of misuse or abuse and the haemolysin test results suggests a possibility of cross-species infections or acquisition of mobile genetic elements from other sources by the pathogens. There is widespread misuse of antimicrobials and signs of resistance development by the pathogen in Maiduguri, Nigeria. The use of antibiotics should be regulated to arrest this development and such regulation should be enforced by appropriate authority.
Multiresistance and virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pigs
Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 2021
The emergence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (LA-MRSA) and the potential role of pigs in the evolution of these strains has led to increased interest in research of these microorganisms. However, this has contributed to a lack of research in the isolation and characterization of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus strains (MSSA). In this study, the prevalence of S. aureus in pigs in the nursery and finishing stages were analyzed. The susceptibility profiles to antibiotics, tolerance to heavy metals, and biofilm production of the isolates were evaluated using phenotypic and genotypic techniques. A total of 1,250 colonies suggestive of Staphylococcus spp. were isolated from 128 pigs, of which 63.6% (n = 795) belonged to this microbial genus. Sixty-seven colonies isolated from 34 animals (26.5%) were confirmed as S. aureus (8.4%). No strains resistant to copper, zinc, or methicillin were detected; however, all strains presented a resistance pr...
BMC Veterinary Research, 2017
Background: Antimicrobial resistant Staphylococcus are becoming increasingly important in horses because of the zoonotic nature of the pathogens and the associated risks to caregivers and owners. Knowledge of the burden and their antimicrobial resistance patterns are important to inform control strategies. This study is an exploratory descriptive investigation of the burden and antimicrobial drug resistance patterns of Staphylococcus isolates from horses presented at a veterinary teaching hospital in South Africa. Methods: Retrospective laboratory clinical records of 1027 horses presented at the University of Pretoria veterinary teaching hospital between 2007 and 2012 were included in the study. Crude and factor-specific percentages of Staphylococcus positive samples, antimicrobial resistant (AMR) and multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates were computed and compared across Staphylococcus spp., geographic locations, seasons, years, breed and sex using Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Results: Of the 1027 processed clinical samples, 12.0% were Staphylococcus positive. The majority of the isolates were S. aureus (41.5%) followed by S. pseudintermedius (14.6%). Fifty-two percent of the Staphylococcus positive isolates were AMR while 28.5% were MDR. Significant (p < 0.05) differences in the percentage of samples with isolates that were AMR or MDR was observed across seasons, horse breeds and Staphylococcus spp. Summer season had the highest (64.3%) and autumn the lowest (29.6%) percentages of AMR isolates. Highest percentage of AMR samples were observed among the Boerperds (85.7%) followed by the American saddler (75%) and the European warm blood (73.9%). Significantly (p < 0.001) more S. aureus isolates (72.5%) were AMR than S. pseudintermedius isolates (38.9%). Similarly, significantly (p < 0.001) more S. aureus (52.9%) exhibited MDR than S. pseudintermedius (16.7%). The highest levels of AMR were towards β-lactams (84.5%) followed by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (folate pathway inhibitors) (60.9%) while the lowest levels of resistance were towards amikacin (14.%). Conclusions: This exploratory study provides useful information to guide future studies that will be critical for guiding treatment decisions and control efforts. There is a need to implement appropriate infection control, and judicious use of antimicrobials to arrest development of antimicrobial resistance. A better understanding of the status of the problem is a first step towards that goal.
Pathogens
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogens of humans and animals. Livestock production contributes a significant proportion to the South African Gross Domestic Product. Consequently, the aim of this study was to determine for the first time the prevalence, virulence, antibiotic and heavy metal resistance in livestock-associated S. aureus isolated from South African livestock production systems. Microbial phenotypic methods were used to detect the presence of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance. Furthermore, molecular DNA based methods were used to genetically determine virulence as well as antibiotic and heavy metal resistance determinants. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed 217 out of 403 (53.8%) isolates to be S. aureus. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was conducted to evaluate antibiotic resistance and 90.8% of S. aureus isolates were found to be resistant to at least three antibiotics, and therefore, classified as multidrug resistant. Of the antibiot...
Research Square (Research Square), 2024
A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2017 to April 2018 at Dukem abattoir enterprise in order to isolate, identify Staphylococci species and determine its susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents. A total of 193 samples;110 meat swabs, 30 butcher hand swabs, 23 slaughter line swabs and 30 knives swab were collected and cultured on sheep blood agar. Presumptive staphylococci colonies were sub-cultured and primary and secondary biochemical tests were used to isolate and identify the staphylococcus species. The prevalence of staphylococcal species was 35.8% (69 out of 193 samples). Of 69 (35.8%) positive isolates, 62% were coagulase negative staphylococcus where as 37.7% coagulase positive staphylococcus. From 37.7% coagulase positive staphylococcus, S.hyicus accounted for 16% followed by S. aureus 13%, S. intermedius 9%. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method using 13 antimicrobials. Penicillin G, Spectiomycin, Ceftriaxone, Nalidxic acid and Ceftazidime were drugs to which S. aureus, S. intermedius and S.hyicusisolates were 100% resistant. All S. intermedius was resistant to tetracycline. S aureus isolates were also to large proportion were resistant to Oxytetracycline 88.9%, Tetracycline 77.8% and PolymyxcinB 55.6%. On the contrary, all tested staphylococcus species isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol. All S. aureus were 100% susceptible to vancomycin and doxycycline. All S.hyicus were susceptible to doxycycline. The current study revealed that the prevalence of staphylococcus species in abattoir was high and isolates of staphylococcus species were resistant to a number of drugs. Therefore, the abattoir should practice proper sanitation to avoid meat contamination, and material should be kept hygienically. In addition, further research should be done on the factor favor multidrug resistant staphylococcus species.