Hematological parameters of Catfish (Clarias sp) vaccinated by Aeromonas hydrophila with different application methods (original) (raw)
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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Aeromonas hydrophila is a pathogenic bacterium to African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Vaccination is one of the strategic efforts to control this type of bacterial attack. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of A. hydrophila GPl-04 feed-based vaccine for African catfish. This study used A. hydrophila GPl-04 strain isolate as vaccine material. Sample used was African catfish measuring 10-13 cm length, weighing 16-25 g, taken from aquaculture ponds in the Purbalingga area, Central Java, Indonesia. This study applied experiments under the completely randomized design (CRD) method with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of P0: feed without vaccine (control); P1: feed with 10 mL/100 g dose of vaccine given for 10 days; P2: feed with 10 mL/100 g dose of vaccine given for 15 days; P3: feed with 15 mL/ 100 g dose of vaccine given for 10 days; and P4: feed with 15 mL/ 100 g dose of vaccine given for 15 days. The challenge test was carried out on week 3, by injecting 0.1 mL of A. hydrophila suspension at 105CFU/mL dose per fish. The main parameters included the fish antibody titer, survival rate (SR), relative percent survival (RPS), mean time to death (MTD), and growth rate. Supporting parameters included water quality such as water temperature, water pH, and dissolved O2 levels. The main parameter data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) at 5% test level, and the supporting parameter was descriptively quantitative analyzed. The results showed A. hydrophila GPl-04 feed-based vaccine could increase antibody titer, SR, RPS, and MTD of African catfish (P<0.05). In addition, vaccination did not adversely affect the growth. The A. hydrophila GPl-04 feed-based vaccine was effective in protecting African catfish from A. hydrophila attack where 10 mL/100 g dose, given for 10 days (P1) was indicated as the most effective compared to other vaccination treatments.
Mediterranean Aquaculture Journal, 2010
The effect of Levamisole on the immune response of 200 catfish (Clarias gariepenus) was evaluated. Fish were divided into 4 equal groups, reared in glass aquaria and fed on a basal diet. The 1 st group served as a control. Fish of the 2 nd group were fed Levamisole incorporated with diet (150mg/kg diet fed-1) for 2 months. The 3 rd and 4 th groups were vaccinated using Aeromonas hydrophila bacterin, at the first day of experiment, but fish of 4 th group were fed on diet containing same dose of levamisole throughout the 2 months of experiment. At 1 st , 3 rd and 5 th week, blood samples were collected from all groups for hematological, immunological and serum biochemistry studies while fish of 2 nd group were subjected to histopathological investigations. Challenge was done to all groups, at 30 th day of experiment, through immersion of fish in virulent Aeromonas hydrophila (1 g bacterial cells/liter) for 10 min, the mortalities recorded and the dead fish used for the bacterial re-isolation. Catfish of 1 st group showed normal values throughout the period of the experiment. Fish of 2 nd group showed activation of melanomacrophages. Hyperplasia of hematopoietic tissue was evident at 3 rd-4 th week. Degenerative changes were mild at 1 st-2 nd week and became prominent at 5 th week. Fish of 3 rd group showed a significant gradual increase of leucocytes, phagocytosis, antibody titer, total protein and globulin, at 1 st-5 th week post-vaccination. Fish of 4 th group showed higher hematological and immunological values than those of 3 rd group. The relative level of protection after the challenge infection was 30, 85 and 90% for the 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th groups; respectively. The histopathological finding of this experiment showed the safety of the selected dose of levamisole on catfish. The other findings indicate its efficiency as immunostimulant in improving the immune response of catfish to Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine.
Advances in Bioscience …, 2010
The effects of injectable killed Aeromonas hydrophila on lymphocyte populations and on serum proteins of juvenile common carp, Cyprinus carpio, were examined. The fishes were injected either intraperitoneally or intramuscularly with killed A. hydrophila bacterin isolated from a diseased fish. 15 days after injection the lymphocyte count was significantly higher in the kidney of intraperitoneally bacteria injected fishes than in the normal saline injected fishes (p < 0.05), but in the blood smears the lymphocyte count difference was not significant (p > 0.05). In the intramuscular bacteria injected fishes in comparison with the normal saline group, the lymphocyte count was significantly higher only in the blood (p < 0.05) but in the kidney the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). In comparison between the serum protein parameters in different groups, in intraperitoneal injection of killed-bacteria, total albumin as well as the ratio of albumin/globulin was greater than the control group (p < 0.05). The other fractions had not showed any significant difference (p > 0.05). In intramuscular injection, the normal saline-injected group, amount of α-globulin was significantly higher than bacteria-injected group (p < 0.05). For the other fractions there was no significant difference between two groups (p > 0.05).
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2014
Aquaculture production of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus is growing rapidly in South East Asia, especially in Vietnam. As it is a relatively new aquaculture species there are few reports evaluating its immune response to pathogens. Thus, functional assays for P. hypophthalmus were optimised to evaluate both innate and adaptive immune responses, and were then used to examine immune response following stimulation with live and heat-killed Aeromonas hydrophila. These were used as models of infection and vaccination, respectively. Four treatment groups were used, including a control group, a group injected intraperitonally (IP) with adjuvant only, a group injected with heat-killed A. hydrophila (1 Â 10 9 cfu ml À1 mixed with adjuvant), and a group injected with a subclinical dose of live A. hydrophila. Samples were collected at 0, 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days post-injection (d.p.i.) to assess their immune response. The results indicated that challenge with live or dead bacteria stimulated the immune response in P. hypophthalmus significantly above the levels observed in control groups with respect to specific antibody titre, plasma lysozyme and peroxidase activity, and phagocytosis by head kidney macrophages at 7 or/and 14 d.p.i. At 21 d.p.i., total and specific antibody (IgM) levels and plasma lysozyme activity in fish injected with either live or dead A. hydrophila were significantly different to the control groups. Differential immune responses were observed between fish injected with either live or dead bacteria, with live A. hydrophila significantly stimulating an increase in WBC counts and plasma peroxidase activity at 3 d.p.i., with the greatest increase in WBC counts noted at 21 d.p.i. and in phagocytosis at 14 d.p.i. By 21 d.p.i. only the macrophages from fish injected with dead A. hydrophila showed significantly stimulation in their respiratory burst activity. This study provides basic information on the immune response in pangasius catfish that can be useful in the health control of this species.
Effects of some immune-stimulants on Catfish immune response against Aeromonas hydrophila
Effects of some immune-stimulants on Catfish immune response against Aeromonas hydrophila, 2014
In order to determine the effect of levamisole HCL and ginger on the immune response of Catfish against A.hydrophila infection, A total number of 80 catfish (clarias lazera) of both sexes were obtained alive from el Tamsah lake at Ismailia, Egypt. Fish divided in 8 groups, where group 8 served as control without any additives. groups 1-3 were fed with levamisole HCL ,ginger and mixture of levamisole HCL+ ginger, respectively .Fish of group 4 vaccinated only with A.hydrophila formalized-killed vaccine .Fish of groups 5-7 were fed with the same as group 1-3 and vaccinated. Serum samples were collected to determine the level of antibodies by plate agglutination test , indirect heamagglutination and estimation of levels of total serum protein fractionation by Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of serum proteins .Also All fish groups were injected I/P with 0.2 ml of virulent strain of A. hydrophila where the relative level of protection among the challenged fish was determined. Briefly, levamisole and ginger help to enhance the immune response of catfish to some vaccines and against infection but levamisole achieve better result than ginger. Ginger and levamisole if added to vaccine achieve best result than levamisole only or ginger only.
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2022
The Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) is an important disease of cultured catfishes (Heteropneustes fossilis, Clarias batrachus and Pangasius pangasius), caused by different species of Aeromonas bacteria which have been documented to be higher death rates (70%) in Bangladesh since 2016. Present study was conducted to develop bi-valent vaccine using A. hydrophila and A. veronii, and to validate their efficacy via intra-muscular (IM) and oral-routes of immunization in selected species of fishes. Brood fishes of the three species were immunized with three doses of inactivated vaccine (10 7 CFU /2.3 mg/ml). Hematological parameters of brood fishes and antibody levels (IgM) of broods, their larvae and eggs were determined by ELISA. Additionally, Relative Percent Survivability (RPS) and the IgM levels of the larvae after challenge with virulent A. hydrophila and A. veronii were also evaluated. Findings of this study showed that the lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes counts and antibody (IgM) titre of brood fishes, larvae and eggs from the vaccinated fishes were found significantly higher (p< 0.05) compared to the unvaccinated control groups. Alternatively, antibody levels (IgM) in the larvae of vaccinated group of brood fishes fed with antigen coated feed was exhibited to be remarkably higher (p< 0.05) than the antigen nonfed group. The RPS of larvae of Shing (91.24 ± 2.00%), Magur (88.09 ± 2.88%) and Pangas (93.17 ± 1.52%) was found to be higher in the larvae at 20-day age of vaccinated group compared to non-vaccinated brood fishes group. Findings of this study indicated that the active immunization of brood fishes followed by oral immunization of their larvae feeding with antigen coated feed showed synergistic effect in protecting cultured Shing, Magur and Pangas fishes from frequent attack with Aeromonas spp at any age of their lifetime.
Veterinary Research …, 2011
Specific and non-specific immune response to different doses of formalin killed whole cell vaccine of Aeromonas hydrophila to Indian major carp (Labeo rohita) was evaluated in laboratory condition. Three different doses (10 5 CFU/ml, 10 7 CFU/ml, 10 10 CFU/ml) were administered (0.2 ml/fish) intraperitoneally for 1 month. Among the three doses, 10 10 CFU/ml elicited the highest antibody and protective response followed by the doses 10 7 CFU/ml and 10 5 CFU/ml. Upon challenge with the virulent strain of A. hydrophila, the relative percentage of survival was recorded up to 80% at highest dose of 10 10 CFU/ml. The non-specific responses, similar to the specific immune responses were also maximum at highest dose of 10 10 CFU/ml. Similar to the specific immune responses, the non-specific responses were maximum at highest dose of 10 10 CFU/ml. Therefore, dose containing 10 10 CFU/ml of formalin killed cells was found to be the most effective dose for vaccination which increased the immunity in Indian major carp (Labeo rohita) to a larger extent.
Fish and Shellfish Immunology Reports, 2022
Striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus was immunized with Biofilm (BF) and Free cell (FC) of Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine at 10 10 CFU g − 1 for 20 days and monitored for growth parameters, immune responses and disease resistance up to 60 day post vaccination (dpv). Pangasius catfish in the BF vaccinated group had considerably higher growth and feed utilization than the FC vaccinated and unvaccinated groups (p < 0.05). Biofilm vaccinated group showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the mean weight gain (46.91 ± 0.59) than the FC (35.94 ± 0.21) and unvaccinated group (34.92 ± 0.35). The vaccinated fishes were challenged with A. hydrophila at 10 7 CFU/ml. Significant higher relative percentage survival (RPS) was recorded with BF (84.21 ± 1.49%) compared to that with FC (33.33 ± 1.21%). Polyclonal antibody-based ELISA was used to quantify the antibody titre. BF vaccinated group showed significantly higher antibody titer compared to other treatments (p < 0.05). Moreover, higher haematological parameters recorded in the present study were differentially stimulated by the oral administration of A. hydrophila biofilm vaccine. The mean total protein, albumin, and globulin levels of the BF vaccine groups were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the mean total protein, albumin, and globulin contents of the unvaccinated group. Furthermore, biochemical stress parameters (SGPT, SGOT) in the vaccinated groups showed an incremental trend in the early days of the experimental period. However, the values were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the biofilm group on 20 dpv onwards indicating improved health condition. Vaccinated BF fishes showed gut associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) within the laminar propria of mid gut. But in FC group fishes showed less aggregation of lymphoid cells. The unvaccinated control fish had no lymphoid cell aggregation in their intestines. The findings of the current research suggested that biofilm vaccine has the capability to be one of the potential oral vaccines in striped catfish against A. hydrophila infection.
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia, 2017
Transfer of maternal immunity by mean of passive immunization is a way to deliver protection and durability of antibodies on the offspring. The purpose of this research was to analize the efficacy of Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine on the catfish broodstock to maternal transfer of immunity, and offspring resistance. The average body weight of broodstock used in this study were 650±50 g were kept in tarpaulin sized 2×1×0.5 m 3. This study used a randomized complete design with two treatments and three replications. Female broodstock were vaccinated using intraperitonial injections at a dose 0.4 mL/kg and control fish were injected with phospate buffered saline (PBS). The observed parameters include haematology of broodstock, mortality, the relative percent survival, and antibody titers in broodstock, eggs, and offspring. Vaccination on broodstock catfish delivers a significant antibody level (P<0.05) on offspring compared to control catfish with relative percent survival of offspring at 5, 10, and 15 days after hatching were 67.76%, 82.66%, and 71.66% respectively.