Efficiency of Levamisole in Improving the Immune Response of Catfish (Clarias gariepenus) to Aeromonas hydrophila Vaccine: Clinico- Pathological Studies (original) (raw)
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Effects of some immune-stimulants on Catfish immune response against Aeromonas hydrophila
Effects of some immune-stimulants on Catfish immune response against Aeromonas hydrophila, 2014
In order to determine the effect of levamisole HCL and ginger on the immune response of Catfish against A.hydrophila infection, A total number of 80 catfish (clarias lazera) of both sexes were obtained alive from el Tamsah lake at Ismailia, Egypt. Fish divided in 8 groups, where group 8 served as control without any additives. groups 1-3 were fed with levamisole HCL ,ginger and mixture of levamisole HCL+ ginger, respectively .Fish of group 4 vaccinated only with A.hydrophila formalized-killed vaccine .Fish of groups 5-7 were fed with the same as group 1-3 and vaccinated. Serum samples were collected to determine the level of antibodies by plate agglutination test , indirect heamagglutination and estimation of levels of total serum protein fractionation by Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of serum proteins .Also All fish groups were injected I/P with 0.2 ml of virulent strain of A. hydrophila where the relative level of protection among the challenged fish was determined. Briefly, levamisole and ginger help to enhance the immune response of catfish to some vaccines and against infection but levamisole achieve better result than ginger. Ginger and levamisole if added to vaccine achieve best result than levamisole only or ginger only.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020
The study aim was to find the effect of different vaccination application methods on hematological parameters of catfish (Clarias sp). A 107 Aeromonas hydrophila measured by 625 nm wave length of Spectrophotometer was applied on 25 catfish with average weight 15.83 g. The application methods were dipping (1 ml/10 l water) and intramuscular injection (0.1 ml/fish). Hematological parameter measured were hematocrit levels, total leukocytes and phagocytic index. Measurement were conduct on day 0, 21, 23 and 27 after vaccine application. The results showed that hematocrit level on fish with injection method were higher (21.02%) than dipping method (15,05%), total leukocytes on fish with dipping method were higher (3,29 x 104 cells/mm3) than injection method (3,15 x 104 cells/mm3) and phagocytic index on fish with injection were higher (25%) than dipping method (23%). The survival of catfish were also observed, and showed that catfish with injection method have higher survival rate (36%) ...
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Aeromonas hydrophila is a pathogenic bacterium to African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Vaccination is one of the strategic efforts to control this type of bacterial attack. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of A. hydrophila GPl-04 feed-based vaccine for African catfish. This study used A. hydrophila GPl-04 strain isolate as vaccine material. Sample used was African catfish measuring 10-13 cm length, weighing 16-25 g, taken from aquaculture ponds in the Purbalingga area, Central Java, Indonesia. This study applied experiments under the completely randomized design (CRD) method with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of P0: feed without vaccine (control); P1: feed with 10 mL/100 g dose of vaccine given for 10 days; P2: feed with 10 mL/100 g dose of vaccine given for 15 days; P3: feed with 15 mL/ 100 g dose of vaccine given for 10 days; and P4: feed with 15 mL/ 100 g dose of vaccine given for 15 days. The challenge test was carried out on week 3, by injecting 0.1 mL of A. hydrophila suspension at 105CFU/mL dose per fish. The main parameters included the fish antibody titer, survival rate (SR), relative percent survival (RPS), mean time to death (MTD), and growth rate. Supporting parameters included water quality such as water temperature, water pH, and dissolved O2 levels. The main parameter data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) at 5% test level, and the supporting parameter was descriptively quantitative analyzed. The results showed A. hydrophila GPl-04 feed-based vaccine could increase antibody titer, SR, RPS, and MTD of African catfish (P<0.05). In addition, vaccination did not adversely affect the growth. The A. hydrophila GPl-04 feed-based vaccine was effective in protecting African catfish from A. hydrophila attack where 10 mL/100 g dose, given for 10 days (P1) was indicated as the most effective compared to other vaccination treatments.
Fish and Shellfish Immunology Reports, 2022
Striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus was immunized with Biofilm (BF) and Free cell (FC) of Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine at 10 10 CFU g − 1 for 20 days and monitored for growth parameters, immune responses and disease resistance up to 60 day post vaccination (dpv). Pangasius catfish in the BF vaccinated group had considerably higher growth and feed utilization than the FC vaccinated and unvaccinated groups (p < 0.05). Biofilm vaccinated group showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the mean weight gain (46.91 ± 0.59) than the FC (35.94 ± 0.21) and unvaccinated group (34.92 ± 0.35). The vaccinated fishes were challenged with A. hydrophila at 10 7 CFU/ml. Significant higher relative percentage survival (RPS) was recorded with BF (84.21 ± 1.49%) compared to that with FC (33.33 ± 1.21%). Polyclonal antibody-based ELISA was used to quantify the antibody titre. BF vaccinated group showed significantly higher antibody titer compared to other treatments (p < 0.05). Moreover, higher haematological parameters recorded in the present study were differentially stimulated by the oral administration of A. hydrophila biofilm vaccine. The mean total protein, albumin, and globulin levels of the BF vaccine groups were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the mean total protein, albumin, and globulin contents of the unvaccinated group. Furthermore, biochemical stress parameters (SGPT, SGOT) in the vaccinated groups showed an incremental trend in the early days of the experimental period. However, the values were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the biofilm group on 20 dpv onwards indicating improved health condition. Vaccinated BF fishes showed gut associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) within the laminar propria of mid gut. But in FC group fishes showed less aggregation of lymphoid cells. The unvaccinated control fish had no lymphoid cell aggregation in their intestines. The findings of the current research suggested that biofilm vaccine has the capability to be one of the potential oral vaccines in striped catfish against A. hydrophila infection.
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2014
Aquaculture production of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus is growing rapidly in South East Asia, especially in Vietnam. As it is a relatively new aquaculture species there are few reports evaluating its immune response to pathogens. Thus, functional assays for P. hypophthalmus were optimised to evaluate both innate and adaptive immune responses, and were then used to examine immune response following stimulation with live and heat-killed Aeromonas hydrophila. These were used as models of infection and vaccination, respectively. Four treatment groups were used, including a control group, a group injected intraperitonally (IP) with adjuvant only, a group injected with heat-killed A. hydrophila (1 Â 10 9 cfu ml À1 mixed with adjuvant), and a group injected with a subclinical dose of live A. hydrophila. Samples were collected at 0, 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days post-injection (d.p.i.) to assess their immune response. The results indicated that challenge with live or dead bacteria stimulated the immune response in P. hypophthalmus significantly above the levels observed in control groups with respect to specific antibody titre, plasma lysozyme and peroxidase activity, and phagocytosis by head kidney macrophages at 7 or/and 14 d.p.i. At 21 d.p.i., total and specific antibody (IgM) levels and plasma lysozyme activity in fish injected with either live or dead A. hydrophila were significantly different to the control groups. Differential immune responses were observed between fish injected with either live or dead bacteria, with live A. hydrophila significantly stimulating an increase in WBC counts and plasma peroxidase activity at 3 d.p.i., with the greatest increase in WBC counts noted at 21 d.p.i. and in phagocytosis at 14 d.p.i. By 21 d.p.i. only the macrophages from fish injected with dead A. hydrophila showed significantly stimulation in their respiratory burst activity. This study provides basic information on the immune response in pangasius catfish that can be useful in the health control of this species.
Aquaculture Research, 2006
In order to determine the immunomodulatory e¡ect of dietary levamisole in Asian cat¢sh (Clarias batrachus), ¢sh were fed four di¡erent diets for 10 days: a formulated diet as control and the same diet supplemented with 50, 150 or 450 mg levamisole kg À1 feed. The serum bacterial agglutination titre against Aeromonas hydrophila as a measure of speci¢c immunity, serum haemagglutination titre, natural haemolytic complement activity (ACH 50 ), myeloperoxidase and lysozyme activities, total protein level and oxidative radical production by neutrophils as a measure of non-speci¢c immunity as well as disease resistance against A. hydrophila challenge to separate vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups were evaluated at 0, 1, 2 and 3 weeks after last administration of levamisole. Levamisole supplement at the lowest level (50 mg kg À1 ) signi¢cantly enhanced oxidative radical production and serum myeloperoxidase (MPO) content immediately after 10 days of feeding, which reached peak values after 3 and 2 weeks of feeding respectively. Haemolytic complement and haemagglutination titre were signi¢cantly enhanced after 3 and 1 weeks respectively. Haemolytic complement activity and MPO activities were signi¢cantly raised to 150 mg kg À1 after 3 and 2 weeks, respectively. At the highest level of levamisole feeding (450 mg kg À1 ) signi¢cant decreases in superoxide production and complement activity were measured immediately after levamisole feeding, which returned to the normal level after 1 week post-feeding. Fish were challenged with a virulent strain of A. hydrophila at 0, 1, 2 and 3 weeks after levamisole feeding, and the cumulative per cent survival was recorded over 10 days. Feeding levamisole at 50, 150 or 450 mg kg À1 increased per cent survival in vaccinated ¢sh immediately after levamisole feeding, and survival was signi¢cantly higher at 450 mg kg À1 . There was no di¡erence in mortality patterns in non-vaccinated ¢sh. The results support the use of levamisole at 50 mg kg À1 feed for 10 days as an immunostimulant in Asian cat¢sh farming.
International Journal of Zoological Investigations, 2023
The experimental fish Channa striatus was divided as control and experimental groups. To find out the efficacy of Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine, the fish were infected with Gram negative Bacterial Strain Aeromonas hydrophila with a dosage of 0.1 ml. The samples of blood were collected on the 1 st , 3 rd , 5 th , 7 th and 14 th day intervals. The serum was evaluated for the biochemical parameters such as Protein, Albumin and Globulin, ratio of Albumin and Globulin and blood glucose level. SDS PAGE analysis was made to find out different protein fractions in the blood sample of fish which was treated earlier with Aeromonas hydrophila. Another set of fish was treated with heat killed and formalin (chemically) killed attenuated vaccine of A. hydrophila. Then the vaccinated fish was post challenged by infected with A.hydrophila to find out the efficacy of the vaccine. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed. The present investigation revealed that the administration of vaccines could enhance the fish defense mechanisms. However, the heat killed (HK) vaccine showed great impact on improving the health condition of fish by enhancing its resistance capacity against pathogenic bacteria.
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2005
The Aeromonas hydrophila aroA is an attenuated strain that has been assessed as a live vaccine in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. In this study the effects of different culture media used to grow the strain on its survival after in vitro exposure to rainbow trout serum, and on its immunogenicity in rainbow trout were compared. Four culture media were tested: Luria broth (LB), Luria broth with 0.25% glucose, trypticase soy broth (TSB), and brain-heart infusion broth (BHIB). Bacteria grown in culture media with glucose (TSB, BHIB and LB with 0.25% glucose) showed reduced complement consumption and a lower serum susceptibility. O. mykiss vaccinated with inocula prepared with BHIB- and LB-grown aroA cells resuspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) showed higher and longer-lasting serum agglutinating antibody titres than those vaccinated with TSB-grown bacteria. Thus, a direct relationship between serum resistance and immunogenicity could not be established, but BHIB and LB culture media were the most effective in increasing the immunogenicity of the A. hydrophila aroA vaccine.
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 2009
We report the effect of various chemicals, vaccines and immunostimulants on innate immune mechanisms such as phagocytosis activity, superoxide anion production of blood leukocytes, complement activity and plasma lysozyme activity and disease resistance in goldfish Carassius auratus (23 ± 2 g) against Aeromonas hydrophila on Days 15 and 30 post-infection. In infected fish, the administration of diets supplemented with either probiotics, tri-herbal extract or azadirachtin for 30 d significantly enhanced phagocytic activity; administration for 15 d had no effect. In fish treated with heat-killed and formalin-killed vaccines, and probiotics-, tri-herbal-and azadirachtin-supplemented diets, superoxide anion production was enhanced on Day 30. However, there was no superoxide anion production in fish treated with tetracycline, furanace, formalin or hydrogen peroxide. Complement activity was also significantly enhanced on Days 15 and 30 in fish groups treated with vaccine and probiotics-, tri-herbal-and azadirachtin-supplemented diets. Other groups had no complement activity. Lysozyme activity was significantly enhanced after 30 d in fish treated with heat-killed vaccine and probiotics-, tri-herbal-and azadirachtin-supplemented diets. The probiotics-and tri-herbalcontaining diet administration groups had no mortality (0%) preceding the challenge with live A. hydrophila. Groups treated with heat-or formalin-killed vaccines or azadirachtin-supplemented diet suffered mortalities of 30, 35 and 10%, respectively, which represents an improvement of survival rate compared to untreated infected control groups. We conclude that probiotics-, tri-herbaland azadirachtin-supplemented diets act as immunostimulants enhancing the goldfish innate immune response and disease resistance against A. hydrophila.