Innovative drug nanocarriers by incorporating thermoresponsive polymer in phospholipid bilayers (original) (raw)

Overview Of Liposomes: Versatile Nanocarriers For Drug Delivery And Beyond

International Journal in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2023

Liposomes, microscopic lipid-based vesicles, represent a versatile platform in the realm of drug delivery and biomedical research. This review article provides a concise overview of liposomes, encompassing their historical evolution, structural intricacies, multifaceted applications, and recent strides in the field. Historically, Dr. Alec D. Bangham's groundbreaking work in 1961 laid the foundation for liposome research. These nanoscale structures consist of lipid bilayers, formed by amphipathic phospholipids, enveloping an aqueous core. Variations in size and lamellarity allow for tailoring liposomes to specific applications. Small Unilamellar Liposomes (SUVs), Large Unilamellar Liposomes (LUVs), and Stealth Liposomes are just a few of the types with unique attributes. Liposomes have revolutionized drug delivery. They encapsulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds, enhancing drug solubility and stability. The controlled release minimizes side effects and maximizes therapeutic efficacy. Pharmaceutical formulations employ liposomes for a spectrum of drugs, including anticancer agents, antibiotics, and antifungals. Beyond drug delivery, liposomes are invaluable in biological research. They mimic cell membranes, serving as crucial tools for studying cell membrane behavior and isolating membrane proteins. They are also used for developing assays to assess various biological processes. In cosmetics and skincare, liposomes improve the penetration of active ingredients into the epidermis. Additionally, liposomes are explored as carriers for vaccines, which can enhance the immune response and vaccine effectiveness. Recent developments encompass advanced targeting mechanisms, encapsulation of multiple drugs, and drug conjugation, advancing liposomes toward multipurpose drug delivery platforms. Integration with nanotechnology, applications in immunotherapy, and a focus on biocompatible materials are indicative of the evolving landscape. While liposomes present numerous advantages, they face challenges related to stability and manufacturing complexity.