Bovine neonatal tetanus: A case report (original) (raw)
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Diagnosis and treatment of umbilical cord-derived tetanus in neonatal calves
TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES
In this study, umbilical cord-derived neonatal tetanus in calves was identified in Turkey. Four calves with tetanus-specific history and clinical findings were used. Blood samples were taken before and after treatment, and clinical findings were recorded. A tetanus-specific treatment procedure was performed. However, the calves died from not responding to treatment. Pretreatment white blood cell, peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocyte, creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were determined to be high. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, CK, and LDH activities were found to increase after treatment compared to before treatment. Gram-positive terminal spore-forming bacilli were observed in bacterioscopic examination of the necrotic tissue and swab samples from the umbilical cord region. The umbilical cord region was determined to be infected in all calves. In histopathological examination, pyogranuloma formation was observed in the wound area, and in Gram staining agents morphologically concordant with Clostridium tetani in necrotic material were observed. Blood serum of the calves was inoculated into mice. All mice died within 2 days after the inoculation, showing tetanus-specific clinical findings. As a result, bacterioscopy and histopathology of the umbilical cord region may be useful for diagnosis in addition to clinical findings. Mice trials may be used in confirming the diagnosis.
Puerperal Tetanus in Water Buffalo -A Case Report
Journal of Buffalo Science, 2013
Reports of tetanus in buffaloes are scanty in comparison to cattle, horse, sheep and goat. A six years old Murrah buffalo, five days post-partum, was presented for treatment with a history of manual removal of retained placenta. Prolapse of third eyelid, complete locking of jaw, development of curve in spine, erection of ear and typical "pump-handle" position of tail were visible signs. Diagnosis was established on the basis of case history and clinical signs. Treatment was carried out with irrigation of genital tract with 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide and administration of hypertonic saline solution (7.5%), dextrose normal saline (5%), penicillin G procaine in high dose, ketoprofen and chlorpromazine. The animal fell like a stiff, wooden structure on day 11 of the onset of the disease and succumbed to its illness.
Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management of Tetanus in Female Buffalo Calf at Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan
A female buffalo calf with wound on left leg just below the knee joint suffering from high and persistent fever, anorexia, difficult mastication and urination, stiffness in neck muscle and with some degree of bloat was brought to department of veterinary medicine faculty of animal husbandry and veterinary sciences, Sindh agriculture university, Tandojam, Pakistan, and admitted. The calf was diagnosed to be suffering from tetanus based on clear cut symptoms of high fever, stiff muscles, urine retention and fixed jaws. The Graham's staining of the fresh smear revealed gram+ve rod shape bacteria that appeared like drumsticks. Furthermore, the Clostridium tetani was cultured and isolated from the deep necrotic tissue of the wound. The calf was treated with high doses of procaine penicillin, anti-tetanus serum, sedative, meloxicam and intravenous fluid electrolyte therapy (Dextrose 5%). The calf was feed through stomach tube and the urinary catheter was administered to ease out the problem of urine retention. After continues therapeutics management, the calf recovered in two weeks.
THERAPEUTICAL MANAGEMENT OF TETANUS IN KUNDHI BUFFALO CALF AT HYDERABAD, SINDH
The study was going to evaluate the therapeutic management of kundhi buffalo calf suffering from tetanus in Sindh (Pakistan). It was caused by a specific neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani in necrotic tissue. Tetanus was diagnosed in Kundhi buffalo calf on the basis of their clinical signs, high temperature, contracting of whole body muscles and arduousness of hind legs that is developed into the whole body of an animal. Positive rods shaped Clostridium tetani were present in the blood of the diseased animal. Treatment was recommended with anti-tetanus serum, Penicillin G Procaine, Meloxicam, Chlorpromazine, Dexamethasone and Dextrose 5%. Feeding to the calf through the stomach tube and the urinary catheter was administered to ease out the problem of urine retention. After treatment for 10 days animal complete recover to the healthy condition.
2017
Neonatal tetanus is a disease caused by toxoid produced by Clostridium tetani, which is rare in newborns; it is an unresolved medical problem in developing countries. The elimination of neonatal tetanus is one of the main objectives pursued by World Health Organization throughout the world. In Morocco; despite the certification of tetanus’s elimination; it still rages, with still 4 cases in 2016 in our unit. We report 4 cases collected in the neonatal intensive care unit, in Mohamed VI University Hospital in Marrakech, during the year 2016. Neonatal tetanus accounted for 0.68% of all admissions. Pregnancy was not monitored in all 4 cases. Only one woman received 2 doses spaced of tetanus vaccine. The delivery occurred at home in 3 of the cases with application of “Khôl” at the level of the umbilicus. The mean age of admission was 12.5 days. A Dakar score was noted ≥ 4 in 3 cases and is classified as stage III according to the Mollaret classification. The treatment was essentially pa...
Neonatal tetanus--report of a case
The Turkish journal of pediatrics
Neonatal tetanus is a severe, often fatal disease caused by the toxin Clostridium tetani. Neonatal tetanus is a generalized tetanus, which occurs in a neonate between 3-28 days of life. The findings indicated that tetanus in a newborn of an unvaccinated mother occurred after the application of non-sterile clay to the umbilical cord. This case was a seven-day-old male baby with progressive difficulty in feeding, trismus, hypertonicity, opisthotonos, and heart murmur. The patient was afebrile and eupneic, and had a history of non-sterile home delivery. In the past, the area of Bujanovac, Medvedja and Presevo had been exposed to mass immigration (especially due to the war in the territory of former Yugoslavia), which caused a serious problem for general practitioners, who had to be vigilant and ensure that all patients registered in their practice were fully immunized. This case has provided a clear indication of the necessity for strategies of both vaccination and ensuring hygienic co...
Neonatal Tetanus at the Dawn of 2023: A Case Report
Scholars journal of medical case reports, 2024
Neonatal tetanus is a toxi-infection caused by Clostridium tetani, with a neurological tropism, causing significant morbidity and mortality in newborns in developing countries. The infection almost always starts in the umbilical cord. Diagnosis is clinical. Treatment is two-pronged: etiological (specific immunoglobulins, antibiotic therapy, anti-tetanus vaccination and treatment of the portal of entry) and symptomatic (sedatives and muscle relaxants, curarization). Prevention is the only effective option, and relies on vaccination of mothers during pregnancy and health education of the population. We report the case of a newborn hospitalized for neonatal tetanus and treated with antibiotic therapy combined with intrathecal serotherapy, with a good evolution.
Tetanus is a bacterial environmental disease with neurological condition that affects both people and animals, causing spastic paralysis. The disease is prevalent in many countries of the world including India and Ethiopia. Neonatal tetanus is a killer disease that carries high mortality. It affects the people of active age. Source of infection is exogenous as soil and dust serve as a natural habitat of the bacterium. Agricultural workers are at special risk of acquiring the infection because of their contact with soil. The gram-positive, sporulating bacterium Clostridium tetani, which is soil-borne and environmental, produces the toxin that causes tetanus. The majority of the times, the soil contaminated by Clostridium tetani spores causes wound contamination, which produces the disease. Tetanus toxin can harm humans, horses, and sheep, but it can also cause injury to cattle, dogs, and cats. The cost and availability of high-quality protein for human consumption are directly impacted by illnesses that compromise the well-being and productivity of food animals. Diseases contribute to economic losses by diminishing meat, milk, or feed conversion, slowing weight gain, and lengthening the period an animal to stay on the farm before being marketed, in addition to the costs associated with treating sick animals and their deaths. Currently, there is no specific laboratory test available to unequivocally establish the diagnosis of tetanus. However, clinical symptoms, case history, wound presence, and disease development are typically used to make the diagnosis of tetanus in animals. It is frequently challenging to identify Clostridium tetani at the wound site. A formaldehyde-inactivated tetanus toxin vaccination is a method of medical prevention. For tetanus, there is not an effective medication for treatment of disease in animals. Active immunization with tetanus toxoid is considered the best preventive method in humans. Severe complications of disease can be life-threatening. This review focuses on pathogenesis, diagnosis, economic importance, and control of tetanus in animals and humans.
The Lancet, 2007
Maternal and neonatal tetanus are important causes of maternal and neonatal mortality, claiming about 180 000 lives worldwide every year, almost exclusively in developing countries. Although easily prevented by maternal immunisation with tetanus toxoid vaccine, and aseptic obstetric and postnatal umbilical-cord care practices, maternal and neonatal tetanus persist as public-health problems in 48 countries, mainly in Asia and Africa. Survival of tetanus patients has improved substantially for those treated in hospitals with modern intensive-care facilities; however, such facilities are often unavailable where the tetanus burden is highest. The Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus Elimination Initiative assists countries in which maternal and neonatal tetanus has not been eliminated to provide immunisation with tetanus toxoid to women of childbearing age. The ultimate goal of this initiative is the worldwide elimination of maternal and neonatal tetanus. Since tetanus spores cannot be removed from the environment, sustaining elimination will require improvements to presently inadequate immunisation and health-service infrastructures, and universal access to those services. The renewed worldwide commitment to the reduction of maternal and child mortality, if translated into eff ective action, could help to provide the systemic changes needed for long-term elimination of maternal and neonatal tetanus.