Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Parents/Guardians toward Poliomyelitis Infection and its Immunization in Banki Community, Bama LGA, Borno State (original) (raw)
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Septic Arthritis: A Need to Strengthen the Referral Chain in a Developing Economy
Open Journal of Orthopedics, 2013
Aim: This retrospective analysis documents the features and factors that potentially affect outcomes in septic arthritis in the Cross River Basin area of south-south Nigeria. Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 43 patients who presented with septic arthritis in 45 joints between September 2007 and August 2010. All patients with pain, fever, joint swelling and non-weight bearing/refusal to move the limb and had a joint aspiration productive of a turbid and/or purulent aspirate were included in the analysis. Patients whose joint aspiration produced frank blood or a clear exudate were excluded. Results: There were 24 males and 19 females (M:F = 1.3:1). Forty patients were children while three were adults. Thirty-three patients were urban dwellers, 8 were semi-urban dwellers and 2 were rural dwellers. Twenty-five children were first seen by a Paediatrician. Only 5 patients were first seen by an Orthopaedic surgeon. Definitive treatment was conservative in 28 children and arthrotomy/washout in 12 children and 3 adults. Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest isolated pathogen in both age groups. Conclusion: Injudicious interventions in musculoskeletal conditions consist not only of traditional bone setting and other unorthodox practices, but also sub-optimal orthodox medical practices. Healthcare outcomes in Africa are a function of the skewed distribution of the healthcare workforce and a weak referral chain. The near absence of follow-up culture underscores the need for education on injudicious antibiotic therapy to be directed at patients and physicians. Judicious interventions in musculoskeletal sepsis at first contact and a strengthening of the referral chain are important.
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 2002
e undertook a prospective study of 61 children in Malawi with septic arthritis of the shoulder. They were randomised into two groups, treated by aspiration (group 1, 31 patients) or arthrotomy (group 2, 30 patients). Both received antibiotics for six weeks. We studied the results of blood tests, microbiology, and the clinical and radiological outcome one year after diagnosis. Only one patient was sickle-cell positive and three were HIV-positive. Non-typhoidal Salmonella species accounted for 86% (19/22) of the positive joint cultures in group 1 and 73% (16/22) in group 2. Of the 33 radiographs available for review at follow-up at six months, 23 (70%) showed evidence of glenohumeral damage. There was no statistical difference in radiological outcome for the two groups. We devised and validated a scoring system, the Blantyre Septic Joint Score, for the assessment of joints based upon swelling, tenderness, function and range of movement. Despite the radiological changes only one of the 24 joints examined at one year had any deficit in these parameters. There was no statistical difference in the clinical outcome for the two treatment groups at any stage during the period of follow-up.
BMC Public Health, 2012
Background: Nigeria is one of the major African countries in which incidences of polio infection persist in spite of several eradication efforts. The preponderance of paralytic poliomyelitis particularly in the northern part of Nigeria raises the question as to whether parents of children affected with polio know how polio is contracted and spread, whether having a disabled child affects the parents' attitude towards these children, and what they believe about poliomyelitis in view of their socio-cultural and belief system in the sub-region. Zamfara State, in the north-west of Nigeria is one of the endemic areas where resistance to the global campaign on polio eradication was very high. Therefore this study was conducted to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of parents/primary caregivers of children affected with paralytic poliomyelitis in Zamfara State. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional survey in which the multistage probability sampling technique was used to randomly select two local government areas in Zamfara State where consenting parents/primary caregivers of children with paralytic poliomyelitis were purposively selected. The knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of parents were assessed with the aid of a 4-part 52-item structured researcher administered questionnaire and the data obtained were analyzed.
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1983
Surveys were conducted in one urban and two rural regions of the United Republic of Cameroon to estimate the annual incidence of paralytic poliomyelitis. Three different survey methods were used: a review of hospital and clinic registers, a school survey, and a house-to-house survey. The house-to-house survey identified the highest number of lame children and gave estimates of incidence of between 18.8 and 32.6 per 100 000 population in the three regions. The estimates of incidence obtained by the two other survey methods in the urban region did not differ significantly from that obtained by house-to-house survey but, in the rural regions, were significantly lower. It is concluded that house-to-house surveys are a sensitive method of identifying lame children in both urban and rural regions. School surveys and review of hospital and clinic registers, while equally sensitive in urban regions, are less sensitive in rural regions and may significantly underestimate the annual incidence...
Poliomyelitis is caused by an enterovirus infection of the anterior horn cells in the spinal cord. Up to 40% of survivors recover full muscle strength, however 60–90% are left with varying degrees of residual paralysis, where the patient suffers from cramping myalgia and lower motor neuron pattern weakness. This study aimed to identify and quantify, in terms of prevalence and severity of the types of joint deformities encountered in polio sufferers. It also aimed to assess the disability caused by such problems. Finally we documented the provision and use of mobility aids, orthotics and surgery in the patient group. Impairment was confined to one lower limb, and this is consistent, as the majority of patients were infected in infancy. The study found that pes cavus, scoliosis, flexion deformity of the knee and true lower-limb shortening accounted for over half of the deformities found. The mean Barthel Disability score was 19 and over 80% of patients used at least one aid, usually in the form of a Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis (KAFO). Surgery also plays a large in role in the management of polio patients, however necessity needs to be assessed on an individual basis taking into account many aspects of the patient’s life.
2019
Background Post-poliomyelitis syndrome is a clinical condition that can affect poliomyelitis survivors. Our aim was to evaluate post-poliomyelitis syndrome knowledge among Brazilian health professionals. Methods A self-administered questionnaire (30 questions) was designed to probe knowledge about poliomyelitis and post-poliomyelitis syndrome. From the questionnaire, we created a structured exam to evaluate the performance of the professionals. The exam was composed of 20 questions and a score was provided, varying from 0 (totally ill advised) to 20 (totally well-informed). Results In general, physicians, physiotherapists and nurses demonstrated a better understanding of poliomyelitis and post-polio syndrome. The health professionals who had received previous information about poliomyelitis and PPS had significantly higher scores than those that had never received information (p<0.001). On average, this difference was approximately 28.6%. Conclusions The findings of the present s...
Development And Standardization Of Questionnaire For Measurement Of Knowledge About Polio
2018
The study aims to focus on the construction of knowledge scale about polio. Polio, is still a threat to many countries including India. Though combat battle to win over polio is almost done, but few countries are still in danger zone. India received its polio free certificate in the year 2012. But, this country has two neighbor countries (Pakistan, Afganistan) which still suffering from this mass disease. India, has a huge migrating problem, still is in danger-zone that is why arranges Oral Polio Vaccination camp in every year. Besides, statistically divided into many socio-economic layers, India faces so many problems, including ignorance, superstitions, illiteracy, poverty and lack of sense and knowledge regarding health. So it is necessary to measure what is the level of knowledge about polio of the people here. The researcher chose Murshidabad district, West Bengal as her area of research. In this study the questionnaire was constructed for the collection of data. A self-made qu...
Rapid Assessment as an Evaluation Tool for Polio NIDs in Brong Ahafo Region, Ghana
Annals of African medicine
Background: Despite reported high coverage of National Immunization Days (NIDs) campaign in many countries children are still being missed during these campaigns. This is a study of a rapid assessment done to determine OPV coverage during an immunization campaign. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, regional supervisors in Brong Ahafo region of Ghana visited randomly selected houses during the first round of the Polio NIDs in October 2004 to identify under-5 children that were reached with OPV vaccines in the households and those missed during the campaign. Results: In the 13 districts a 1607 houses visited by regional supervisors for rapid assessment, volunteers did not visit 4 (0.24%) houses. There were 3737 under five in all the houses visited by the supervisors for rapid assessment out which 42 (1.2%) were missed and unvaccinated and the reason was that the children were not at home. The assessment showed that the main sources of information to mothers / caretakers on NIDs were Gong-gong and radio. The assessment provided opportunities to identify proportion of children missed and ensure necessary intervention to reach them. Conclusion: Rapid assessment is a valuable tool for evaluation of NIDs; it enables timely intervention in covering missed children and helps in careful interpretation of the usual over 100% coverage often recorded during NIDs. It is recommended that this be practiced widely to improve quality of NIDs for early global eradication of poliomyelitis.
Orient Journal of Medicine, 2013
Background: Poliomyelitis has remained endemic in Nigeria despite the efforts made by governments to eradicate the disease. The deformities arising from poliomyelitis (polio) make the establishment of rehabilitation centres a public health priority. Objective: To study the epidemiology, nature and distribution of polio induced deformities at the Prosthesis and Orthotics Rehabilitation Centre in Okigwe, Imo State, SouthEast Nigeria. Methodology: Two hundred and fifty case notes of polio deformed patients seen at the centre between 1986 and 1990 were studied. Simple statistical methods like percentages were used for data analysis. Results: Out of the 250 cases studied, 150 (60%) were males while 100 (40%) were females. The age group most commonly affected by deformities was 6-10 years (35.6%) while the least was 16-20years (11.2%). The joints most affected by polio deformities were the knee (38%), ankle (34%) and hip (28%). The nature of deformities include: fixed flexion at the hip (28%), equinus foot deformity (17.6%), frail foot deformity (16.4%), knee hyperextension (22.8%) and valgus deformity of the knee (15.2%). Conclusion: The study suggests that poliomyelitis is a major cause of musculoskeletal abnormality in the study area necessitating the use of orthotic devices in patients' rehabilitation. The public health importance of this finding is discussed.
BMC Public Health
Background: Nigeria is the only country in Africa that is yet to be certified as polio free. Surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is the foundation of the polio eradication initiative since it provides information to alert both health managers and clinician that timely actions should be initiated to interrupt transmission of the polio virus. The strategy also provides evidence for the absence of wild poliovirus. This evaluation was performed to assess key quality indicators defined by the polio eradication program and thus to identify gaps to allow planning for corrective measures to achieve a polio-free situation in Bauchi state and in Nigeria at large. We conducted a crosssectional descriptive study which involved a desk review of documents to authenticate the correctness and completeness of data, and a review of documented evidence for the quality of AFP surveillance. We interviewed Local Government Authority (LGA) surveillance officers and clinicians from focal and non-focal sites, along with caregivers of children with AFP and community leaders. The data were entered and analyzed in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of the AFP surveillance and documentation in eighteen of the twenty Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Bauchi State. We assessed the knowledge of the clinician at focal and non-focal sites on case definition of AFP, the number and method of stool specimen collection to investigate a case and types of training received for AFP surveillance. We verified AFP case investigations for the last three years: The caregivers (mothers) were interviewed to authenticate the reported information of AFP cases, the method used for stool specimen collection and feedbacks. Community leaders' knowledge on AFP surveillance was also assessed. Data was entered and analyzed in excel spread sheet.