Der Einfluß von Fungiziden auf die mikrobielle Aktivität eines Bodens (original) (raw)
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When residues and organic fertilizers are not incorporated into the soil, they build a top soil layer that is enriched in soil organic matter. This is leading to a soil layer with increased biological activity, while the soil layers below, receive less inputs in form of residues or manures and show a reduction in soil organic matter and biological activity. Soils from a replicated field trial and two on-farm trials were analysed for biological soil quality 6 years after the implementation of reduced tillage (RT) as compared to plough. Whilst crop yields were slightly lower with RT, weed cover was increasing, but not to a level that would compromise yields. Soils under RT accumulated soil organic matter in the tilled top layer of 0-10 cm, while in the layer below either no change or a decrease as compared to the plough system was found. The same was true for microbial biomass, but the difference between RT and plough became more pronounced. Dehydrogenase activity was found to react m...
Bodenbiologische Arbeitsmethoden
1991
Dieses Werk ist urheberrechtlich geschUtzt. Die dadurch begrUndeten Rechte, insbesondere die der Ubersetzung, des Nachdrucks, des Vortrags, der Entnahme von Abbildungen und Tabellen, der Funksendung, der Mikroverfilmung oderder Vervielfliltigung auf anderen Wegen und der Speicherung in Datenverarbeitungsanlagen. bleiben, auch bei nur auszugsweiser Verwertung, vorbehalten. Eine Vervielfliltigung dieses Werkes oder von Teilen dieses Werkes ist auch im Einzelfall nur in den Grenzen der gesetzlichen Bestimmungen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes der Bundesrepublik Deutschland vom 9. September 1965 in der jeweils geltenden Fassung zulassig. Sie ist grundsatzlich vergUtungspflichtig. Zuwiderhandlungen unterliegen den Strafbestimmungen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes.
The effectiveness of the bio-fertilizer ‚Effective Microorganisms' (EM) was investigated in a four years field experiment (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006) at Zürich, Switzerland. The experiment was arranged to separate the effect of the microorganisms in the EM treatments (Bokashi and EMA) from its substrate (sterilized treatments). Crop yields and soil microbiological parameters as soil respiration and microbial biomass were determined. The EM treatments showed no effect on yield and soil microbiology which were caused by the EM microorganisms. Observed effects could be related to the effect of the carrier substrate of the EM preparation. The sampling time showed stronger effects on soil microbial biomass (SIR) and soil respiration compared to the effect of the treatments. Hence 'Effective Microorganisms' will not be able to improve yields and soil quality in mid term (3 years) in organic arable farming.
Antibiotika als Umweltkontaminanten — Effekte auf Bodenbakterien
Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung, 2006
Goal and scope. Among the human and veterinary pharmaceuticals, antibiotics form an important group. Recent research addressed the environmental 'side effects' of antibiotics. Evidence for environmental effects of antibiotics has for example been found for the respiratory activity of soil microorganisms. In the present contribution, results of studies on the ecotoxicology of antibiotics that are based on the utilization of carbon substrates in so-called Biolog plates are summarized. Methods, Results and Conclusions. The method of pollutioninduced community tolerance (PICT) takes centre stage. PICT is based on the changes in community composition of environmental communities brought about by a toxicant, which lead to an overall increase in community tolerance to this toxicant. The suitability of such an increase in community tolerance as ecotoxicological endpoint had been the subject of several experiments. It was shown that effect testing of antibiotics requires supplementation of the communities with nutrients, and that the PICT method reveals antibiotic effects with a high specificity. In an application of PICT, effects of three classes of antibacterial compounds were investigated. Dose-response relationships were obtained for all substances, and effect concentrations were partly in the range of expected environmental concentrations. The possible risks of antibiotic use for an increase in the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment are also touched upon, including the extent of natural resistance. Outlook. Due to its specificity, the PICT method has shown to be a suitable ecotoxicological assay. Due to possible effects of tetracyclines on the structure of the soil microbial community, it is advised to use veterinary antibiotics with caution. The risks of an increase in the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in the environment should be investigated in more detail.
Bodenökologie: Mikrobiologie und Bodenenzymatik Band III
1997
Dieses Werk ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Die dadurch begründeten Rechte, insbesondere die der Übersetzung, des Nachdrucks, des Vortrags, der Entnahme von Abbildungen und Tabellen, der Funksendung, der Mikroverfilmung oder der Vervielfältigung auf anderen Wegen und der Speicherung in Datenverarbeitungsanlagen, bleiben, auch bei nur auszugsweiser Verwertung, vorbehalten. Eine Vervielfältigung dieses Werkes oder von Teilen dieses Werkes ist auch im Einzelfall nur in den Grenzen der gesetzlichen Bestimmungen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes der Bundesrepublik Deutschland vom 9. September 1965 in der jeweils geltenden Fassung zulässig. Sie ist grundsätzlich vergütungspflichtig. Zuwiderhandlungen unterliegen den Strafbestimmungen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes. Die Wiedergabe von Gebrauchsnamen, Handelsnamen, Warenbezeichnungen usw. in diesem Werk berechtigt auch ohne besondere Kennzeichnung nicht zu der Annahme, daß solche Namen im Sinne der Warenzeichen-und Markenschutz-Gesetzgebung als frei zu betrachten wären und daher von jedermann benutzt werden dürften.