Periodontitis Disease in Farmed Ruminants—Current State of Research (original) (raw)
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Pathology of chronic ovine periodontitis
Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira
ABSTRACT: Periodontitis is an inflammatory process of infectious origin affecting the teeth and their supporting structures, causing significant economic losses and reducing animal welfare. Bacteria in the gingival biofilm are one of the main factors in initiating inflammatory lesions. Bacteria act directly on tissues or indirectly through substances that cause tissue damage. Studies on the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis in Brazilian sheep herds are scarce. The present study aimed to characterize histologically periodontal lesions of culled sheep from the Brazilian breed, Santa Inês. Periodontal lesions, such as periodontal pockets containing plant tissue and bacteria, replacement of the periodontal ligament by connective tissue and inflammatory cells, superficial pustules, hydropic epithelial degeneration, and epithelium hyperplasia, were observed. Submucosal changes were characterized by granulation tissue, edema, swelling of the endothelial cells, bacteria, and predominantly p...
Risk factors for bovine periodontal disease – a preliminary study
Animal, 2021
The work presented in this pilot study aimed to identify potential risk factors associated with bovine periodontitis development. Bovine periodontitis is a multifactorial polymicrobial infectious disease for which the aetiopathogenesis and risk factors are not fully understood. From cattle slaughtered in an abattoir in Scotland, 35 dental arcades with periodontal lesions and 40 periodontally healthy arcades were selected over seven visits for study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between periodontitis and the independent variables, gender, age and breed. For every increase in year of age, cattle were 1.5 times more likely to have periodontitis. A graphical analysis indicated that within the limits of this study, we could not detect any major influence of breed on the age-effect. Although logistic regression analysis demonstrated that periodontitis lesions are more prevalent with increasing age of cattle the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. It is likely that periodontitis is an important cause of oral pain in older cattle and can contribute to reduced productivity/performance. Further studies with a larger sample size are necessary to elucidate the associations between potential risk factors and periodontitis in cattle and to define its effects on animal welfare and productivity.
Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 2020
Objective. Many factors can induce the periodontal disease, including inadequate dietary intake, irritating factors of the marginal periodontium, and contamination with periodontal pathogens. Standardization of experimental animal models allows a rapid evaluation of therapeutic approaches. Methods and results. The study included five sheep aged five years, receiving food intake with a high content of fats, oxalic and phytic acids. Local induction of periodontal disease consisted of a surgical procedure based on sectioning of superficial periodontal ligaments, instillation of periodontal exudate collected from human patients, and tooth neck ligation. Periodontitis was successfully induced in all the sheep included in the study. The comparisons between clinical and radiological indices (gingival recession, bleeding on probing, periodontal probing depth, demineralization of interdental septa) were highly statistically significant (p˂˂0.01). The histopathological aspects of periodontal disease were characterized: tooth bone resorption and destruction of periodontal ligaments, presence of bacterial plaque and calculus, inflammatory reaction with multifocal distribution, as well as gingival epithelial hyperplasia. Conclusions. The natural increase in tooth mobility and predisposition of sheep to periodontal disease, induce a greater resemblance of this experimental model to the human condition and allows a more extensive study of therapeutic methods.
Microbiomes associated with bovine periodontitis and oral health
Veterinary microbiology, 2018
Periodontitis is an infectious polymicrobial, immuno-inflammatory disease of multifactorial aetiology that has an impact on the health, production and welfare of ruminants. The objective of the present study was to determine the microbial profiles present in the gingival sulcus of cattle considered periodontally healthy and in the periodontal pocket of animals with periodontitis lesions using high-throughput bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Subgingival biofilm samples were collected from 40 cattle with periodontitis and 38 periodontally healthy animals. In total, 1923 OTUs were identified and classified into 395 genera or higher taxa. Microbial profiles in health differed significantly from periodontitis in their composition (p < 0.0001, F = 5.30; PERMANOVA) but no statistically significant differences were observed in the diversity of healthy and periodontitis microbiomes. The most prevalent taxa in health were Pseudomonas, Burkholderia and Actinobacteria, whereas in disease ...
A Retrospective Study on Periodontal Diseases in Companion Animals
Zagazig Veterinary Journal
The present study was conducted on 320 pet animals including 100 dogs, and 220 cats admitted to the clinic of the Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University. A thorough oral and dental examination was performed for all animals. Radiographic imaging was conducted on animals that showed clinically progressive periodontitis and bony changes. Animals were classified into five scores according to their clinical dental examination and pocket depth. Animals with a score of 0, had healthy gingival tissue with normal pocket depth, a score (1) of those managed by dental scaling, and scores (2 and 3) of those treated by dental scaling and then non-surgical debridement. Open flap surgery was performed for more advanced cases; scores (4 and 5). Data were statistically analyzed using Chi-square and cramers v tests to investigate the relationship between age, diet, and sex to periodontal affection. Among the total number of admitted animals (N=320), 40.6 % (130 cases) showed periodontal diseases, 8.8% (28 cases) dogs and 31.9% (102 cases) cats. Affected males (24.4%) were higher than females (16.3%). Among the 130 animals with periodontal diseases, 142 affections were recorded. Age and diet showed high statistical significance (P<0.001). Sex showed to be statistically insignificant, (P>0.05). The cramers v test results for age and periodontal disease association showed a value of (0.490) and strong association between age and periodontal diseases.
Clinical and Microbiological Aspects in Dog Periodontal Disease
Agricultura, 2017
The purpose of this study is the identification of microflora present in the dog oral pathology, establishing connections between it and the clinical manifestations, and to make a correlation between clinical and microbiological aspects and the stages of periodontal disease. During this research 14 cases were diagnosed with periodontal disease: stage I on 3 patients (age of 3 years), stage II on 3 patients (age of 7, 6 years), stage III on 5 patients (age of 7 years) and stage IV on 2 patients (age of 10 years). In the initial stages (I, II) of periodontal disease we found gram positive bacillus arranged in a filament shape and in stages III and IV we encountered the growth of oral cocobacilli G-. The most effective antibiotics in our study is different depending of the stage of periodontal disease and was represented by Amoxiclav and Enroxil for stages I, III and IV, Amoxiclav and Ceftiofur for stage II. The oral microbiota is changing with evolution of periodontal disease, increas...
Histopathological lesions associated with equine periodontal disease
The Veterinary Journal, 2012
Equine periodontal disease (EPD) is a common and painful condition, the aetiology and pathology of which are poorly understood. To characterise the histopathological lesions associated with EPD, the skulls of 22 horses were assessed grossly for the presence of periodontal disease, and a standard set of interdental tissues taken from each for histopathological examination.
Bacterial Periodontitis in Horses: An Epidemiological Study in Southern Italy
Animals
Equine periodontal disease (EPD) is a painful oral inflammatory syndrome characterized by multifactorial pathogenesis. Although it is well known that bacterial proliferation and consequent gingivitis are caused by the decomposition process of food residues, in hypsodont species, the pathogenetic role and the different bacterial species involved in the progression of EPD must be fully clarified. This study aimed to investigate the association of bacteria, including the complex red bacteria (RCB), with EPD, and to evaluate possible EPD risk factors. Bacterial species, including Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis (belonging to the RCB), Fusobacterium nucleatum, Veilonella parvula, and Prevotella intermedia, were investigated in 125 oral swabs from healthy and EPD-affected horses using real-time multiplex PCR. Subsequently, possible risk factors (i.e., age, gender, and breed of the animals and type of feed used) were evaluated using univariate and multiv...
The study of periodontal disease as part of equine dentistry is one of the overlooked fields of study, which truly needs more study and research to clearly understand the nature of the disease, the most appropriate diagnostic technique and prevention or treatment to provide for a good quality of life for horses. The abattoir survey of the oral cavity and dentition of 400 horses from SouthEast Queensland, Australia, showed that the most common dental abnormality was sharp enamel points (55.3% prevalence). Several types of dental abnormalities were strongly associated with age. The highest frequency of dental abnormalities (97.5%) were observed in senior horses (11-15 years old) and this included periodontal disease that increased to almost fifty percent in senior horses. The findings also confirmed that all horses, not just young horses, should have regular complete dental examinations as early as possible which should limit the development of more severe dental pathologies later in life. VI