Double Haploids for Vegetable Crop Improvement: A Review (original) (raw)
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Review on Concept and Impact of Double Haploid Techniques in Crop Improvement
2017
Based on previous studies this review presents about double haploid technology and its role in crop improvement. Double haploids are plants those carry two sets of chromosomes that are created from the haploid plants. Different methods such as androgenesis (microspore or anther), gynogenesis (ovule or ovary) haploid inducer lines and wide crosses are used for developing haploid thereby double haploid. Though various chromosome doubling agents found, colchicine has been widely using. The successes of double haploid production relay on different factors like flower parts development stage, culture media, genotype, donor parent growth condition and haploid detection methods. This technology able shortens breeding cycle or time, complete genetic purity, efficient in genetic study, marker development, mutation and transformation better than traditional way of breeding. Generally, understanding DH technology has important contribution in accelerating breeding program for immediate reac...
Production of double haploids in ornamental crops
2020
Double haploids are the plants, generated spontaneously or induced by chromosome duplication of a haploid plant. They are homozygous at all loci which make them a unique line from the parent in respect of its genome constituent. There is a significant utilization of double haploids in breeding program like production of homozygous lines for cross pollinated crops and mutation breeding. Due to haploidization of chromosomes and again doubling them can produce some novel traits, which cannot be expressed under existing diploid condition. This technique has a significant impact on the improvement program of floricultural crops like chrysanthemum, carnation, petunia, rose, iris, lily, phlox etc. Haploids occur spontaneously at a lower frequency but they can be induced by several methods, such as modified pollination methods in vivo (Wide hybridization, Chromosome elimination, Pollination with irradiated pollen, etc.) and by In vitro culture of immature gametophytes. They are made chromos...
Development of Haploid and Double Haploid in Fruit Crops -A Review
Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Homozygosity at a particular locus is always desirable feature for crop improvement programs. Breeding is one of the approaches to attain this but it requires minimum 6-7 cropping years. Due to this limitation it is only feasible in annuals. As most of the fruit crops are not annuals, they grow in vegetative phase for 5-6 year before flowering to come. Hence, to achieve homozygosity through breeding approaches is not feasible in them. Use of haploid to produce double haploid is one of the potent approaches to overcome this lacuna. Haploid can be either produce through androgenesis or gynogenesis, androgenesis being most used approach. Here we review the applications of haploid and double haploid production in fruit crops.
International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
Doubled haploids (DH) have emerged as a powerful tool in crop improvement programs, enabling rapid generation of homozygous lines for accelerated genetic enhancement. This review explores the strategies, advancements, and prospects associated with doubled haploids in the context of crop improvement. The first section provides an overview of the principles behind doubled haploidy, including the induction methods and techniques used to obtain doubled haploid plants. Different approaches such as anther culture, microspore culture and in vitro fertilization techniques are discussed, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and applicability across various crop species. The second section delves into the recent advancements in doubled haploid technology. It examines novel techniques for haploid induction and chromosome doubling, including genetic and molecular approaches, biotechnological interventions, and the use of chemical agents. The role of innovative technologies such as genomi...
Double haploid production & breeding approaches
2019
Doubled haploid (DH) production has become an important tool in plant breeding largely due to its capacity to produce completely homozygous plants in one generation. Doubled haploids (DHs) are plants derived from a single pollen grain and doubled artificially to form homozygous diploids. A DH individual has two identical homologs, so that the amount of recombination information is equivalent to a backcross. Homozygosity at a particular locus is always desirable feature for crop improvement programs. Breeding is one of the approaches to attain this but it requires minimum 6-7 cropping years. Use of haploid to produce double haploid is one of the potent approaches to overcome this lacuna. Haploid can be either produce through androgenesis or gynogenesis, androgenesis being most used approach. Not only are traits fixed for selection but the multiple generations of inbreeding required using traditional breeding methods are circumvented. However, prior to implementing a DH breeding progr...
Haploids: Constraints and opportunities in plant breeding
Biotechnology Advances, 2015
Accelerating plant breeding Centromere-mediated genome elimination Genetic transformation and androgenesis Haploids and doubled haploids In vitro gametic tissues and plant breeding The discovery of haploids in higher plants led to the use of doubled haploid (DH) technology in plant breeding. This article provides the state of the art on DH technology including the induction and identification of haploids, what factors influence haploid induction, molecular basis of microspore embryogenesis, the genetics underpinnings of haploid induction and its use in plant breeding, particularly to fix traits and unlock genetic variation. Both in vitro and in vivo methods have been used to induce haploids that are thereafter chromosome doubled to produce DH. Various heritable factors contribute to the successful induction of haploids, whose genetics is that of a quantitative trait. Genomic regions associated with in vitro and in vivo DH production were noted in various crops with the aid of DNA markers. It seems that F 2 plants are the most suitable for the induction of DH lines than F 1 plants. Identifying putative haploids is a key issue in haploid breeding. DH technology in Brassicas and cereals, such as barley, maize, rice, rye and wheat, has been improved and used routinely in cultivar development, while in other food staples such as pulses and root crops the technology has not reached to the stage leading to its application in plant breeding. The centromere-mediated haploid induction system has been used in Arabidopsis, but not yet in crops. Most food staples are derived from genomic resources-rich crops, including those with sequenced reference genomes. The integration of genomic resources with DH technology provides new opportunities for the improving selection methods, maximizing selection gains and accelerate cultivar development. Marker-aided breeding and DH technology have been used to improve host plant resistance in barley, rice, and wheat. Multinational seed companies are using DH technology in large-scale production of inbred lines for further development of hybrid cultivars, particularly in maize. The public sector provides support to national programs or small-medium private seed for the exploitation of DH technology in plant breeding.
Haploid production technology in wheat and some selected higher plants
Australian Journal of Crop Science, 2011
Haploid plants are very important in various realms of research disciplines such as plant biotechnology, molecular genetics and traditional plant breeding. They provide useful information regarding recombination and genetic control of chromosomal pairing. Haploidy expedites the breeding process thereby increasing the crop yield. Researchers have been working on the haploidy approach for more than half a century. Some crops have shown interesting results in producing haploid cultivars include bread wheat and other crops such as maize, oat and onion. This technique also has useful applications in genetic transformation for generating polyploidy wheat. Wheat cultivars developed from doubled haploid from both anther-culture and maize induction systems have been released for cultivation in all the major continents. Several techniques have been adapted for the production of haploid plants such as anther culture, isolated microspore culture some of which have been discussed in this review....
Floriculture, Ornamental and Plant Biotechnology: Advances and Topical Issues Vol. II, 2006
Pure lines, i.e., 100% homozygous lines, are invaluable in plant breeding programs and can be produced gynogenetically. Use of irradiated pollen in pollinations induces parthenogenetic haploids in various vegetable and ornamental plants. Following irradiation of pollen using X or gamma rays, the pollen successfully germinate and tube growth takes place reaching ovules. If fertilization does not take place, however, the egg cell is induced to develop giving rise to haploid embryos which can be rescued at the globular or heart stage, i.e., two to three weeks after pollination. The haploid embryos following culture readily germinate producing haploid plantlets. Chromosome number of the plantlets recovered is doubled via in vitro or in vivo techniques using colchicine. The doubled plantlets, dihaploids, following acclimatization are used successfully in breeding programs. The chromosome number of the plants recovered or doubled can be checked/confirmed via direct or indirect methods such as chromosome counting in the root and shoot tips. Morphological observations of whole plants or organs may be used to differentiate between the haploid and dihaploid plants. In general, haploid plants and organs are smaller. Size of stomata is also another indication of the ploidy level as the haploid plantlets contain smaller stomata. Flow cytometry, an indirect method for ploidy level determination, also gives accurate results. The parthenogenetic induction of haploidy, in some vegetable crops such as melon, watermelon, squash and cucumber-several of which are also produced for ornamental fruits and decoration-is now an established technique. However the technique is open to further improvement to increase the frequency of haploids induced. An important drawback of the technique is that an irradiation source is a must therefore hinders its much wider use. An alternative method to obtain the same irradiation effect would facilitate its use both in research and in commercial breeding.
5 Haploids and Doubled Haploids in Plant Breeding
Publisher InTech Modern plant breeding is considered a discipline originating from the science of genetics. It is a complex subject, involving the use of many interdisciplinary modern sciences and technologies that became art, science and business. Revolutionary developments in plant genetics and genomics and coupling plant "omics" achievements with advances on computer science and informatics, as well as laboratory robotics further resulted in unprecedented developments in modern plant breeding, enriching the traditional breeding practices with precise, fast, efficient and cost-effective breeding tools and approaches. The objective of this Plant Breeding book is to present some of the recent advances of 21st century plant breeding, exemplifying novel views, approaches, research efforts, achievements, challenges and perspectives in breeding of some crop species. The book chapters have presented the latest advances and comprehensive information on selected topics that will enhance the reader's knowledge of contemporary plant breeding.
The Recent Development in Technologies for Attaining Doubled Haploid Plants In Vivo
Agriculture
Haploid plants with a doubled set of chromosomes (doubled haploid (DH)) significantly speed up the selection process by the fixation of genetic traits in each locus in the homozygous state within one generation. Doubled haploids are mainly attained by the formation of plants from the cultured gametophytic (haploid) tissues and cells in vitro, or by targeted reduction in the parent chromosome during intra- or interspecific hybridization. Since then, DH has become one of the most powerful tools to support various basic research studies, as well as applied research. This review is focused on the recent development of the production of doubled haploids in vivo and their fundamental bases. The various mechanisms and approaches responsible for the formation of haploids in vivo are discussed, particularly the induction of parthenogenesis by BBM-like proteins, the long constructed Salmon system of wheat, the usage of patatin-like phospholipases MTL/PLA1/NLD, the IG1 system, uniparental geno...