Development of Haploid and Double Haploid in Fruit Crops -A Review (original) (raw)
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Double haploid production & breeding approaches
2019
Doubled haploid (DH) production has become an important tool in plant breeding largely due to its capacity to produce completely homozygous plants in one generation. Doubled haploids (DHs) are plants derived from a single pollen grain and doubled artificially to form homozygous diploids. A DH individual has two identical homologs, so that the amount of recombination information is equivalent to a backcross. Homozygosity at a particular locus is always desirable feature for crop improvement programs. Breeding is one of the approaches to attain this but it requires minimum 6-7 cropping years. Use of haploid to produce double haploid is one of the potent approaches to overcome this lacuna. Haploid can be either produce through androgenesis or gynogenesis, androgenesis being most used approach. Not only are traits fixed for selection but the multiple generations of inbreeding required using traditional breeding methods are circumvented. However, prior to implementing a DH breeding progr...
Production of double haploids in ornamental crops
2020
Double haploids are the plants, generated spontaneously or induced by chromosome duplication of a haploid plant. They are homozygous at all loci which make them a unique line from the parent in respect of its genome constituent. There is a significant utilization of double haploids in breeding program like production of homozygous lines for cross pollinated crops and mutation breeding. Due to haploidization of chromosomes and again doubling them can produce some novel traits, which cannot be expressed under existing diploid condition. This technique has a significant impact on the improvement program of floricultural crops like chrysanthemum, carnation, petunia, rose, iris, lily, phlox etc. Haploids occur spontaneously at a lower frequency but they can be induced by several methods, such as modified pollination methods in vivo (Wide hybridization, Chromosome elimination, Pollination with irradiated pollen, etc.) and by In vitro culture of immature gametophytes. They are made chromos...
5 Haploids and Doubled Haploids in Plant Breeding
Publisher InTech Modern plant breeding is considered a discipline originating from the science of genetics. It is a complex subject, involving the use of many interdisciplinary modern sciences and technologies that became art, science and business. Revolutionary developments in plant genetics and genomics and coupling plant "omics" achievements with advances on computer science and informatics, as well as laboratory robotics further resulted in unprecedented developments in modern plant breeding, enriching the traditional breeding practices with precise, fast, efficient and cost-effective breeding tools and approaches. The objective of this Plant Breeding book is to present some of the recent advances of 21st century plant breeding, exemplifying novel views, approaches, research efforts, achievements, challenges and perspectives in breeding of some crop species. The book chapters have presented the latest advances and comprehensive information on selected topics that will enhance the reader's knowledge of contemporary plant breeding.
Review on Concept and Impact of Double Haploid Techniques in Crop Improvement
2017
Based on previous studies this review presents about double haploid technology and its role in crop improvement. Double haploids are plants those carry two sets of chromosomes that are created from the haploid plants. Different methods such as androgenesis (microspore or anther), gynogenesis (ovule or ovary) haploid inducer lines and wide crosses are used for developing haploid thereby double haploid. Though various chromosome doubling agents found, colchicine has been widely using. The successes of double haploid production relay on different factors like flower parts development stage, culture media, genotype, donor parent growth condition and haploid detection methods. This technology able shortens breeding cycle or time, complete genetic purity, efficient in genetic study, marker development, mutation and transformation better than traditional way of breeding. Generally, understanding DH technology has important contribution in accelerating breeding program for immediate reac...
Double Haploids for Vegetable Crop Improvement: A Review
Agricultural Reviews, Volume 45 Issue 2: 266-273 (June 2024)
Vegetables are the richest source of vitamins and minerals and play a major role in nutritional security. The primary objective of vegetable breeding is enhancing production and productivity. Breeders use various conventional and non-conventional breeding approaches for genetic advance. Recent advances in biotechnology helps to enhance the efficiency and shorten the time required to achieve the fixed goals in a breeding program, as well as to address the economic and ecological goals. Among these, haploid (H) and doubled haploid (DH) production through gametic embryogenesis has long been recognized as a valuable tool to help crop improvement. Haploid plants are the sporophytes with a gametophytic chromosome number and doubled haploids (DH) are haploids that have undergone chromosome duplication. Haploids and double haploids occur spontaneously in nature. Haploids can also be induced artificially by various techniques such as wide hybridization, pollination with irradiated pollens androgenesis, gynogenesis and finally further chromosome doubling results in double haploids. Production of double haploids in vegetables will shorten the breeding cycle and also DH technology is useful in reverse breeding, CMS line production, gene stacking and various other genetic studies.
International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
Doubled haploids (DH) have emerged as a powerful tool in crop improvement programs, enabling rapid generation of homozygous lines for accelerated genetic enhancement. This review explores the strategies, advancements, and prospects associated with doubled haploids in the context of crop improvement. The first section provides an overview of the principles behind doubled haploidy, including the induction methods and techniques used to obtain doubled haploid plants. Different approaches such as anther culture, microspore culture and in vitro fertilization techniques are discussed, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and applicability across various crop species. The second section delves into the recent advancements in doubled haploid technology. It examines novel techniques for haploid induction and chromosome doubling, including genetic and molecular approaches, biotechnological interventions, and the use of chemical agents. The role of innovative technologies such as genomi...
Haploids: Constraints and opportunities in plant breeding
Biotechnology Advances, 2015
Accelerating plant breeding Centromere-mediated genome elimination Genetic transformation and androgenesis Haploids and doubled haploids In vitro gametic tissues and plant breeding The discovery of haploids in higher plants led to the use of doubled haploid (DH) technology in plant breeding. This article provides the state of the art on DH technology including the induction and identification of haploids, what factors influence haploid induction, molecular basis of microspore embryogenesis, the genetics underpinnings of haploid induction and its use in plant breeding, particularly to fix traits and unlock genetic variation. Both in vitro and in vivo methods have been used to induce haploids that are thereafter chromosome doubled to produce DH. Various heritable factors contribute to the successful induction of haploids, whose genetics is that of a quantitative trait. Genomic regions associated with in vitro and in vivo DH production were noted in various crops with the aid of DNA markers. It seems that F 2 plants are the most suitable for the induction of DH lines than F 1 plants. Identifying putative haploids is a key issue in haploid breeding. DH technology in Brassicas and cereals, such as barley, maize, rice, rye and wheat, has been improved and used routinely in cultivar development, while in other food staples such as pulses and root crops the technology has not reached to the stage leading to its application in plant breeding. The centromere-mediated haploid induction system has been used in Arabidopsis, but not yet in crops. Most food staples are derived from genomic resources-rich crops, including those with sequenced reference genomes. The integration of genomic resources with DH technology provides new opportunities for the improving selection methods, maximizing selection gains and accelerate cultivar development. Marker-aided breeding and DH technology have been used to improve host plant resistance in barley, rice, and wheat. Multinational seed companies are using DH technology in large-scale production of inbred lines for further development of hybrid cultivars, particularly in maize. The public sector provides support to national programs or small-medium private seed for the exploitation of DH technology in plant breeding.
Androgenesis in flowering plants is a unique biological process. It provides an understanding of the biological basis of single-cell microspore embryogenesis to the production of a dihaploid plant. This system provides an unparalleled opportunity to shorten the breeding cycle and fix agronomic traits in the homozygous state, such as recessive genes for disease resistance. The most desirable dihaploid variation in all the major crops including rice, wheat, barley, maize, rape, cotton, sunflower, coffee, etc. has already been developed and utilized in modern crop breeding. Many known and a few unknown factors are involved in such development. A few noteworthy factors are donor plants, genotypic variation, media composition, and handling of cultures, which may have a greater influence on the response of androgenesis. A further opportunity has arisen to use a pollen-specific gene, promoter and transgenic dihaploid (homozygous), gene expression, proteomics, translational regulation and post-translational modification of genes to widen the scope of crop improvement. The homozygous (isogenic) lines will provide unique genetic material for mapping populations for use in functional genomics and molecular breeding.
Haploid Production in Trees, Ornamental and Floricultural Plants
Floriculture, Ornamental and Plant Biotechnology: Advances and Topical Issues Vol. II, 2006
Woody ornamental and floricultural plants play an important role in our lives. Double haploids (DHs) can be useful in breeding strategy of these plants to develop rapidly recombinant homozygote lines, which combine desirable traits. Woody plants are generally allogamy, so that the introduction of DHs in breeding programmes would lead to self-incompatibility and inbred depression. DHs have been established in few angiosperm woody plants like poplar (Popolus nigra), rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg.), grape (Vitis vinifera L.) and apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). DHs have also been reported in some ornamental and floricultural plants like lily (Lilium longiflorum), Datura (Datura spp.), Tulipa (Tulipa spp.) and Rosa (Rosa hybrida). In the present chapter, current status of haploid production in various tree, ornamental and floricultural plants are discussed and results from Musa, Malus, citrus, coffee, lily, Datura, Camellia, Tulipa and Rosa are discussed.
Double Haploid Technique : In Soybean and Other Species
2010
Recent work however, has been directed towards development of new plant varieties by using double haploid technology. Research has resulted in successful development of haploid and doubled haploid plants from several crop species. Double haploid technology refers to the use of the microspore or anther culture (ovary culture in few species) to obtain haploid embryos from microspores. The ploidy level could be doubled autonomously or by chemical treatments to obtain plants with 100% homozygosity. This technology is available in some crops including soybean to speed up the breeding procedure. The anther culture technique used in Glycine max, (2n = 40) results in haploid plants. The chromosome number could be doubled by chemical treatment i.e. Colchicine treatment results in double haploid plants with 100% homozygosity.