Evaluation of the effectiveness of three fungicides against pathogens causing postharvest fruit rot of kiwifruit (original) (raw)
Related papers
Postharvest dipping of kiwifruit in iprodione to control stem‐end rot caused byBotrytis cinerea
New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 1994
Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson) cv. Hay ward from four orchards were treated with the dicarboximide fungicide, iprodione, applied as a preharvest spray or a postharvest dip to control stem-end rot caused by Botrytis cinerea (Persoon: Fries). Differences in the incidence of stem-end rot existed between orchards but in each orchard only low levels of infection were found. The incidence of stem-end rot was lower in the fungicide dipped fruit than in fruit from the control or preharvest sprayed treatments. The proportion of dicarboximide resistance in B. cinerea isolates from fruit rots was highest in the fruit that were dipped. There were no consistent H93054
Pest Management Science, 2010
BACKGROUND:Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr. is a high-risk pathogen for fungicide resistance development that has caused resistance problems on many crops throughout the world. This study investigated the fungicide sensitivity profile of isolates from kiwifruits originating from three Greek locations with different fungicide use histories. Sensitivity was measured by in vitro fungitoxicity tests on artificial nutrient media.RESULTS: Seventy-six single-spore isolates were tested for sensitivity to the SDHI fungicide boscalid, the QoI pyraclostrobin, the anilinopyrimidine cyprodinil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the dicarboxamide iprodione and the benzimidazole carbendazim. All isolates from Thessaloniki showed resistance to both boscalid and pyraclostrobin, while in the other two locations the fungal population was sensitive to these two fungicides. Sensitive isolates showed EC50 values to boscalid and pyraclostrobin ranging from 0.9 to 5.2 and from 0.04 to 0.14 mg L−1 respectively, while the resistant isolates showed EC50 values higher than 50 mg L−1 for boscalid and from 16 to > 50 mg L−1 for pyraclostrobin. All QoI-resistant isolates carried the G143A mutation in cytb. Sensitivity determinations to the remaining fungicides revealed in total eight resistance phenotypes. No isolates were resistant to the fungicides fenhexamid and fludioxonil.CONCLUSION: This is the first report of B. cinerea field isolates with resistance to both boscalid and pyraclostrobin, and it strongly suggests that there may be a major problem in controlling this important pathogen on kiwifruit. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Journal of food protection
To evaluate potential alternatives to conventional fungicides to control decay, more than 20 food additives and generally regarded as safe compounds were tested at three concentrations in in vivo primary screenings with several cultivars of California peaches, nectarines. and plums that had been artificially inoculated with seven major postharvest pathogens: Mo,dlinia Jrucricoia, Botrvtis cinerea, Geotricijuin candidum, A iternaria alternata, Pen ic/Ilium expanswn, Mucor piriformis, and Rid--.opus stolonifer. Overall, the best compounds were 200 mM potassium sorhate (PS). 200 niM sodium benzoate (SB). 200 mM sodium sorbate, 100 mM 2-deoxy-o-glucose, 400 mM sodium carbonate, and 250 mM potassium carbonate. Sodium and ammonium molybdates, acid lactic, and hydrogen peroxide were somewhat effective but were phytotoxic to fruit skin tissues. However, the best compounds lacked effectiveness and persistence when tested against brown rot in small-scale trials of 60-s dips in aqueous solutions at ambient temperatures; PS and SB reduced brown rot incidence by less than 40%. Rinsing treated fruit with tap water reduced the efficacy of the compounds by up to 30%. In contrast, heating the solutions to 55 or 60°C significantly increased treatment efficacy. Brown rot incidence and severity were reduced by 35 and 25%. respectively, on PStreated peaches after 7 days of incubation at 20°C. However, treatment efficacy was not superior to that with water alone at these temperatures. In semicommercial trials, mixtures of fludioxonil with PS, SB, or 2-deoxy-o-glucose applied as fruit coatings on a packing line were not synergistic in their effect on brown rot, gray mold, and sour rot.
The Use of Fungicide Alternatives for Controlling Postharvest Decay of Strawberry and Orange Fruits
Journal of Plant Protection Research, 2008
Control measures of postharvest diseases of strawberry and navel orange fruits using hydrogen peroxide, calcium chloride and chitosan were evaluated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. All tested concentrations of chemicals used were able to reduce the linear growth and spore germination of B. cinerea; R. stolonifer; P. digitatum and P. italicum. Complete inhibition of linear growth and spore germination was obtained with concentrations of 1.5 and 2.0% of all treatments. Under storage conditions, significant reduction in descending order of mould incidence was observed in strawberry and orange fruits treated with ascending concentrations of calcium chloride, hydrogen peroxide and chitosan. Obtained data revealed significant reduction in mould incidence in fruits when treated by calcium chloride and chitosan 12h before artificial inoculation with the mould pathogens, while hydrogen peroxide showed the opposite result. The present study demonstrated that the application of hydrogen peroxide is superior to treatment with calcium chloride or chitosan enhanced the control activity against mould pathogens which as it expressed was as either percentage of diseased fruits or decay development as rotted tissue weight of strawberry and navel orange. The applied tested chemical might act as contact and systemic fungicides which have a protective or therapeutic effect.
Development of a biological control method against postharvest diseases of citrus fruit
Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences
Candida oleophila strain O was previously selected for its high and reliable antagonistic activity against Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum, two important wound pathogens on post-harvest apples. The application of these antagonistic strains on wound pathogens of Citrus was more recently undertaken. The efficacy of yeast (applied at several concentrations from 10 5 to 10 8 CFU/ml) was assessed against P. digitatum and P. italicum inoculated after one hours (at a concentration of 10 5 , 10 6 and 10 7 spores/ml) on 'Clementine' and 'Valencia late' varieties. The protective levels were positively correlated with high concentration of antagonist and low concentration of pathogen. The antagonistic activity of this strain was also dependent on the incubation time before pathogen inoculation. The protective level increased with time between application of the antagonist and inoculation of fungal spores. Finally, the efficacy of biomass of C. oleophila strain O (produced at an industrial scale), and two different formulations of that biomass was assessed in comparison with fungicidal treatment (Thiabendazole) under semi-practical conditions against P. digitatum. This efficacy of strain O (whatever its formulation) was statistically comparable to that for TBZ at commercial dose, indicating that both formulations could be used as an alternative for conventional fungicide in postharvest treatments.
Management of Banana (Musa Paradisiaca 1 L) Fruit Rot Diseases using Fungicides
Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, 2015
Banana suffers from several diseases at all the stages of its life. Finger rot and fruit rot caused by the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffth and Maubl are the most important diseases in field as well as post-harvest of banana fruits. In this study, the antifungal activity of total seven fungicides was tested under in-vitro condition against L. theobromae and under in-vivo condition. The results of present study showed that six fungicides at all tested concentrations were a significantly check the fungal growth. At lowest tested concentration (250 ppm) carbendazim and propiconazole were completely inhibited fungal growth. Copper oxychloride at all tested three concentration were stimulated the mycelia growth of L.theobromae. Results of field experiment showed that carbendazim @0.5 gL-1 17 and propiconazole @1mlL-1 18 were completely reduced the percent disease index (PDI) and gave cent percent reduction of the finger rot disease followed by SAAF (97.36%). One hand containing ten fruits were selected from each treated bunch brought to laboratory, kept for ripening under natural Condition up to eating ripening stage the results showed that propiconazole @1mlL-1 21 was highly reduction of PDI (1.50%) and gave highest reduction of fruit rot disease (98.20%) followed by carbendazim (4.005) with increased shelf life of banana fruits. Fruits were dipped in fungicides solution for 2 minutes and kept for ripening results showed that minimum PDI was observed in propicanazole and SAAF (1.00%) treated fruits with 25 maximum reduction of fruit rot disease (98.76%) followed by carbendazim (2.50%) with 96.79 percent reduced fruit rot disease.
Ciencia e investigación agraria, 2007
R.A. Serey, R. Torres, and B.A. Latorre. 2007. Pre-and post-infection activity of new fungicides against Botrytis cinerea and other fungi causing decay of table grapes. Cien. Inv. Agr. 34(3):215-224. Pre-and post-harvest diseases restrict table grape production and exports (Vitis vinifera L.) in Chile, with the most important disease being grey mold (Botrytis cinerea). In addition, rot due to Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium herbarum, Penicillium expansum, and Rhizopus stolonifer frequently occurs. The pre-and post-infection activity of fungicides against r these pathogens was studied on Thompson Seedless table grapes. Detached, mature, berries were used, and inoculations were performed with 20 μL of a 10 6 spores•mL-1 suspension placed on three punctures aseptically made at the calyx end of each berry. Fungicides used (per liter) were boscalid (600 mg), boscalid (200 mg) + pyraclostrobin (100 mg), boscalid (200 mg) + kresoxim methyl (100 mg), cyprodinil (60 mg) + fl udioxonil (40 mg), BAS 600 KBF (100 mg) + metrafenone (150 mg), BAS 600 KBF (200 mg) + boscalid (300 mg), BAS 600 KBF (100 mg) + pyraclostrobin (100 mg), and captan (400 mg). Each fungicide was applied either by drop (12 μL•berry-1) placed on three punctures made with a sterile hypodermic needle or by 60 s immersion. Berries were then incubated in humid chambers at 20ºC. The pre-infection (protection) activity of the fungicides varied considerably among the pathogens tested and was found to be signifi cant (p < 0.001) and, with one exception (A. niger), it was signifi cantly (p < 0.002) affected by the application method. The interaction between fungicide and application method was only signifi cant (p < 0.001) for R. stolonifer at 48 h post treatment. In general, pre-infection activity gave 0 to 4 days protection after drop applications and 0 to 21 days after immersion treatments. The post-infection (curative) activity varied among pathogens and fungicide treatments. However, it was always below 24 h.
Evaluation of Fungicides on Fungi Associated with Fruit Rots and Leaf Spots of Brinjal
Research paper, 2014
Six fungicides with different active ingradients viz., bavistin 50WP (50% carbendazim), dithane M‐45 (80% mancozeb), Mc sulphur 80WP (80% sulphur), ridomil gold MZ 68 WP (64% mancozeb and 4% metalaxyl), salcox 50WP (50% cupper oxichloride) and tall 25EC (25% propiconazole) were tested against Colletotrichum sp., Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, Fusarium moniliforme Sheld., F. oxysporum Wollenw., F. semitectum Berk. & Ravenel and Phomopsis sp., These fungi were found associated with fruit rots and leaf spots of brinjal. The present study suggests that tall 25 EC may be exploited in vivo to control the test fungi associated with fruit rots and leaf spots of brinjal.