Factors that Impact Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia (original) (raw)
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Caregiver Burden and Expressed Emotion in Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia
Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Mental Health, 2016
Families often bears substantial amount of burden of any chronic psychiatric illness including schizophrenia. Only few Indian studies have studied expressed emotion and caregiver burden among patient with schizophrenia in India. Therefore, we aim to explore the burden and expressed emotion in caregivers of schizophrenia patents. Consecutive patient who meet the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study from July 2012 to April 2013 from outpatient department of psychiatry at Institute of Mental Health and Hospital Agra. Information regarding socio-demographic characteristics (e.g. age, gender, domicile) was recorded on a semi structured questionnaire. Caregiver burden and expressed emotion were measured using Burden Assessment Schedule (BAS) and Family Emotional Involvement and Criticism Scale (FEICS) respectively. Mean age of patient and caregivers of schizophrenia was 36.15 (SD = 9.58) and 39.12 (SD = 12.47) respectively. Majority of the schizophrenic patients and their respective caregivers were male (82 and 57.5 % respectively). Mean BAS, FEICSEOI and FEISCPC score were 79.7 (SD = 5.9), 2.7 (SD = 0.7) and 3.7 (SD = 0.5) respectively. There was no significant correlation between BAS domains and FEICSEOI and FEISCPC. Urban residence of the patient was positively correlated with perceived criticism. Unemployment was positive correlated with FEICSOI and negatively correlated with FEISCPC. Age of the caregiver was positively correlated with spouse related burden and negatively correlated with caregivers routine and external support. Marital status was positively correlated with physical and mental health burden and other relations and negatively correlated with external support. Occupation (unemployment) was positively correlated with BAS domains of support of patient, taking responsibility and other relations. The results of the study revealed considerable burden of care in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Thus, emphasize the need for psychosocial support to the caregivers to effectively cope and manage the ill family member.
Psychological distress among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad: JAMC
Background: Schizophrenia is a devastating disorder not only for the patients but also for their caregivers. The caregivers of the patients suffer from psychological distress but receive minimum support from psychiatric services. Objectives were to assess the stress level in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and to determine the association of stress with demographic variables of caregivers. Methods: It was a descriptive hospital based study carried out in Psychiatry Department of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Fifty caregivers were included in the study during a period of one year. Socio-demographic variables were recorded on specially designed pro forma. Stress level was assessed by using Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) with a cut off score of 9 being taken as stressed. Results: Mean age of the caregivers was 45.44±14.25 years. Forty-two (84%) caregivers were males and 8 (16%) were females. Twenty-eight (56%) were uneducated, 16 (32%) had Primary education, 4 (8%) were matriculates and 2 (4%) graduates. Thirty-four (68%) of the caregivers were married 8 (16%each unmarried and widows/widowers. Thirty-two (64%) were unemployed and 18 (36%) were employed. Two (4%) had been providing care for less than 6 months, 4 (8%) for less than 12 months, 10 (20%) for less than 18 months, 2 (4%) for less than 24 months and 32 (64%) for more than 24 months. 22 (44%) were parents, 14 (28%) were siblings, 2 (4%) were children of the patients. Thirty-six (72%) caregivers were having score of more than 9 on SRQ-20. Stress showed a statistically significant association only with age (p-value <0.004). Conclusion: Psychological distress is present in majority of the caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. There is statistically significant association between age of the caregiver and psychological distress, while gender, educational status, marital status, occupational status, duration of care and relation with the patient are not associated with psychological distress.
Burden experienced by caregivers of schizophrenia patients and its related factors
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran
Background: Deinstitutionalization of patients with schizophrenia shifted the primary locus of care from psychiatric hospitals to family and informal caregivers. Family members often play a vital role as caregivers in the lives of individuals with schizophrenia and other serious mental illnesses. This study aimed to assess the burden experienced by the caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and to evaluate its correlation with some demographic characteristics of patients, their caregivers, and the level of expressed emotion in the family. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 172 schizophrenic patients and their primary caregivers, selected from the outpatient department of a psychiatric hospital in Tehran, Iran, using convenience sampling. Caregivers were evaluated with Zarit Burden Interview and Family Questionnaire to assess the burden experienced by the caregivers and the level of expressed emotion in the family, respectively. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient and linear regression method. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (Version 21) and significance level was set at p< 0.05. Results: The level of burden experienced by most of primary caregivers was higher than moderate. The scores obtained in the subscales of emotional over involvement and critical comments were higher than the cutoff point in 51.7% and 64.5% of caregivers, respectively, and the scores had a significant direct correlation with the burden experienced by the caregivers. The findings of multiple linear regression showed that lower family income (β=-0.33, p< 0.001), higher duration of disorder (β= 0.19, p= 0.006), and younger age at onset of the disorder (β=-0.26, p= 0.001) were predictive of higher burden of disease on caregivers. Conclusion: Based on the results, some demographic factors of the primary caregivers, patients, and their family significantly affected the burden experienced by the primary caregivers. Most of the caregivers had high expressed emotions and a significant direct association existed between the expressed emotions and the burden experienced.
Background: Caregiving in schizophrenia is a demanding and exhausting activity that challenges the physical and emotional resources of family caregivers. In traditional societies such as India, this is further compounded by illiteracy, ignorance and religious and cultural explanations attributed to mental illness. Aims: This study aimed to assess primary caregivers of persons with schizophrenia in terms of their perceived burden, manifestation of psychological distress and quality of life (QOL). Methods: The study used a quantitative cross-sectional design and survey methodology to collect data from caregivers in a hospital setting in Thanjavur, India. Standardized instruments were used to collect data from patients and their caregivers. Results: High perceived burden and lower QOL were seen in the majority of caregivers. They also manifested high levels of anxiety and depression. Patient characteristics such as age, gender, symptoms and duration of illness did not influence the perceived burden of caregivers, while positive and negative symptoms and the duration of illness were correlated with their QOL. Conclusions: Findings indicate the need for intervention for family caregivers to enable them cope more effectively with the demands of caregiving. Psychoeducation and participation in peer support groups are advocated as low resource and effective outcome strategies for caregivers in India.
Burden on Family Caregivers Caring for Patients with Schizophrenia
2015
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the burden reported by family caregivers of Patients with schizophrenia. Methods: This cross sectional study involved face-to-face interviews with family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Using convenience sampling, 225 caregivers were selected from Farshchian psychiatry Hospital in Hamadan, Iran from July to September 2012. Measures included patients and caregivers’ demographic variables and caregivers’ burden using the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Data were analyzed by SPSS-18 with Pearson correlation and t-test. Results: Using the ZBI, we found that 7.6% of the caregivers experienced “no to low” burden, 23.5% “mild to moderate”, 41.8% “moderate to severe” and 27.1% “severe” burden. The mean average score of the responses to ZBI was 51.73 (SD: ± 18.23). The level of burden experienced was significantly associated with age, gender, and educational level, relation to ca...
The Journal of Medical Research, 2018
Background: Schizophrenia a chronic, debilitating illness affecting entire family in addition to the sufferer. The family is a major source of support for the mentally ill in India where caregivers assume significant role. The pressure of care giving adds to significant stress in the care giver. Seeking out causes of care giver burden will help plan its alleviation. Methods: Eighty-four people with schizophrenia and their primary care givers were part of the study. Schizophrenia was diagnosed using DSM 5 criteria. Positive and negative symptoms were measured by the "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia" (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Scale was used to assess the severity and improvement rate, and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) assessed the clinical progress. Care givers were administered Zarit Care Giver Burden scale. Results: More caregiver burden was reported with male patients. Educational level of patients did not influence burden score. Severity of burden increased as the severity of illness increased and functioning level of patients declined. Improvement with treatment reduced burden of caregivers. Among factors related to care givers, burden increased linearly with increasing age of the care givers. Care givers who suffered from co morbid medical illnesses reported significantly higher levels of burden. Conclusion: Care giver burden is an important issue to be considered in the overall management plan of schizophrenia. Care givers need better support for their own physical and mental well-being, to reduce symptoms and improve functioning level of schizophrenia patients.
Caregiver Burden Among People Caring for Patients with Schizophrenia
Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 2017
BACKGROUND Caregivers of patients suffering from mental illness report burden in different areas including effects on family functioning, psychological problems, financial problems and health. The aim of the study is to determine the sociodemographic profile and caregiver burden among caregivers of persons with schizophrenia and to study the effect of patients' psychopathology on caregiver burden scale. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was conducted in the Psychiatry Department, Government Medical College, Amritsar. A sample size of 34 was taken who were primary caregivers (preferably parents or spouse) of schizophrenia patients diagnosed using ICD10. Measures included caregiver's demographic variables and caregiver's burden using the Zarit burden interview and PANSS scale in patients. Statistical Analysis-Data was analysed using SPSS software version 21. RESULTS The mean age of the caregiver was 42 SD (12.16) years. The majority of the caregivers were parents, married and employed. The mean average score of the responses to Zarit burden interview was (SD=59.52 ± 20.92). Majority of the caregivers experienced severe burden (52.9%), 9 (26.4%) caregivers had reported moderate burden and 6 (17.6%) had reported mild burden. The mean duration of illness was 6.89 (SD=5.03) years. The level of burden experienced was significantly associated with total PANSS score, negative symptoms, positive symptoms, general psychopathology score and duration of schizophrenia illness (p=0.00). CONCLUSION There is need for psychological assistance and social support for the vulnerable caregivers to help them reduce the burden levels and employ positive coping strategies.
An updated review on burden on caregivers of schizophrenia patients
Psicothema, 2014
Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental illness that has a significant impact not only in the patient but also in the entire family as well. Caregivers assume almost the totality of the patient care. This responsibility exposes caregivers to an intense burden with negative consequences for them and the rest of the family system. This is an updated review of existing literature about burden on families with schizophrenia patients. An electronic search of articles from MEDLINE, EMBASE, APA, EBSCO, and Cochrane databases was conducted for articles published between 2008 and 2013. A systematization of information and frequency analysis revealed the existence of eight factors related to burden that were present in almost all the reviewed literature: Programs of family treatment, Ethnic group, Expressed Emotion, Stress and Burden, Preoccupations of the caregiver, Kind of caregiver, Social networks, Social support, Finances and Coping Strategies. This study supports the statements of differ...