A History of Conflict and International Intervention in Libya (original) (raw)

The Libya Conflict and its Implications for the Broader Region

2020

Libya is fractured. Its civil war is a complex conflict fought out between myriad smaller militias loosely integrated into two main factions. Khalifa Haftar’s siege of Tripoli and its UN-recognized Government of National Accord (GNA) has at the time of writing gone on for almost a year. After some major gains for Haftar and his Libyan National Army (LNA), the siege has been stuck in a stalemate with frontlines running along the southern suburbs of the capital. Each side is backed by various regional and extra-regional powers, and the ensuing military stalemate has taken precedence over the democratic transition that many were hoping for after the fall of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011. The civil war was born out of the power vacuum that followed Gaddafi’s removal. This report looks at the evolution of the Libyan conflict since 2011 and maps out the various domestic and external – both state and non-state – interests that clash directly or indirectly in Libya. Moreover, it analyses the various security implications that the conflict has for the country itself and the broader region more generally. Lastly, the report comments on the prospects of the conflict and the peace process pursued by the United Nations and other international actors.

The Libyan conflict and its controversial roots

European View, 2017

The Libyan conflict is the result of a complex and controversial series of developments, where local political events have been strongly influenced and driven by exogenous factors. A dual set of conflicting interests can be found in both the Euro-Mediterranean and inter-Arab dimensions, with Italy and Turkey struggling against France and Great Britain on one side, and Qatar being opposed by the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia on the other. Muammar Qaddafi's regime, which was certainly not an example of good governance and respect for human rights, was quickly swept away by a conflict primarily fought by non-Libyan actors, which eventually caused the collapse of the central institutions in Libya and the creation of dozens of local militias. The failure of both local and exogenous ambitions has caused a crisis in which additional factors have been able to influence the Libyan civil war, making the situation very opaque and extremely difficult to solve.

CONFLICT IN LIBYA: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL CRISIS STATE OF PLAY AND PATHS TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE PEACE 2

Dias, Alexandra M. "Introduction: Human Security, Stability and Cooperation: Basic Conditions for Co-Development?" In Conflict in Libya: A Multidimensional Crisis; State of Play and Paths Towards a Sustainable Peace, edited by R.; Salem Aliboni, H. Ben; Sagezli,M. El ;Dias, A.;Nabli, B. , 10-21. Barcelona: IEMed, 2017, http://www.iemed.org/publicacions-en/historic-de-publicacions/policy-studies/2.-conflict-in-libya-a-multidimensional-crisis

Trends and Dynamics of the Libya Conflict

IOSR, 2020

The conflict in Libya manifests complex dynamics involving personal, group and international interests in a decade long struggle for power and its accruing benefits. Militia, terror and shadow groups are involved in moves and counter moves, flexible alliances and counter alliances based on interests that intricately maneuver fault-lines in the clash and dialogue of civilizations. This study looks at the trends and dynamics of the Libyan conflict; parties involved; the justification behind their actions. The study has recommended the complete withdrawal of shadow parties in the crisis to lessen the complexities involved in solving the crisis, implementation of proper Demobilization, Disarmament and Reintegration and power sharing under a federal structure.

A new season for Libya Meaning and future perspectives of the Libyan civil war

This paper will be an attempt of understanding the on-going situation of the Libyan conflict. The work will begin with the analysis of the word conflict and its theoretical implications, and then it will focus on a practical application of the conflict analysis in one of the most important, although not always considered, scenario in the Mediterranean area: the Libyan civil war. The importance for the international community of this conflict is given by the role United Nations and the NATOhave had in the first part of the Libyan uprising and inthe overthrowing of the Colonel Mu’ammar al-Qadhafi. The word conflict, as Bernard S. Mayer in his work “The Dynamics of Conflict Resolutions” stated, “may be viewed as a feeling, a disagreement, a real or perceived incompatibility of interests, inconsistent worldviews, or a set of behaviors”. The conflict can be generated both from the unbalanced condition within the society and from the transformation of the social links, provoking a necessary conflict for the evolution of the social dynamics. There is a multitude of different interests brought by different actors: this is the first factor of a conflict. What does the conflict mean for Libya? And what will the possible solutions be?

The Internationalisation of the Conflict in Libya

Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public

Libya has been characterised by instability since the Arab Spring. In 2011, Western powers decided to intervene. In spite of stated goals, this violent dispute has been ongoing ever since. In this paper, we seek to answer the following research question: why do certain internationalised violent disputes, specifically new civil wars, remain violent even when the actors involved seek a cessation of hostilities? We utilise a single-outcome case study6 research design and we compare and contrast the involvement of great powers, European leading powers and regional powers. We highlight the use of soft and/or hard foreign policy tools. We distinguish between policy goals and policy tools. We find that the essential interests and policy goals of the analysed powers will unlikely change, but change in the use of their foreign policy tools will likely be a shift towards harder tools, which will exacerbate further the Libyan stabilisation process. Even a coincidence of the stated policy goals...

Foreign Actors in Libya's Crisis

2017

Since 2011 the Libyan crisis has moved from being a domestic dispute to assuming increasing importance at the international level. Today it represents a crucial issue affecting global security. The intervention of external actors in the Libyan crisis was mainly driven by a desire to direct the transition towards outcomes that would best meet their own political and economic interests. Accordingly, each external player tried to support one specific faction, favoring either the Parliament in Tobruk, upheld by Khalifa Haftar, or the Presidential Council headed by Fayez al-Serraj in Tripoli, the latter being legitimized by the UN as well as by local militias in both Misrata and Tripoli. This report analyzes the troublesome re-building of Libya with a focus on the specific role played by international actors (neighboring and Gulf countries, European nations, Russia and the US) which make it more of an international rather than a domestic issue.

Libyan War: A Just or Sinful Intervention

The paper explores the recent invasion of another Muslim state under the auspices of UNSC's resolution 1973 and shouldered by NATO. The crisis in Libya leading to the invasion demands deeper understanding of the societal foundation of this North African country. It is equally important not to analyze the events in isolation and independent of the unfolding realities in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The Libya crisis is significant because unlike similar uprising in the region, it was singled out for foreign intervention. Thus, this piece is therefore looking at the invasion with a multifaceted lens by exploring competing worldviews on the intervention. This piece will also not fail to identify the possible fallouts of the invasion, keeping in view the opportunists and losers of the intervention. This paper argues that the military intervention in Libya depicts the continuous transformation facing the modern state system and more particularly contributes to our understanding of state sovereignty and its alterations.

Trends and Dynamics of the Libya Conflict WalnshakDanfulani

The conflict in Libya manifests complex dynamics involving personal, group and international interests in a decade long struggle for power and its accruing benefits. Militia, terror and shadow groups are involved in moves and counter moves, flexible alliances and counter alliances based on interests that intricately maneuver fault-lines in the clash and dialogue of civilizations. This study looks at the trends and dynamics of the Libyan conflict; parties involved; the justification behind their actions. The study has recommended the complete withdrawal of shadow parties in the crisis to lessen the complexities involved in solving the crisis, implementation of proper Demobilization, Disarmament and Reintegration and power sharing under a federal structure. ABSTRACT Libya'daki çatışma, iktidar ve onun tahakkuk eden faydaları için on yıllık uzun bir mücadelede kişisel, grupsal ve uluslararası çıkarları içeren karmaşık dinamikleri ortaya koyuyor. Milisler, terör ve gölge grupları, medeniyetlerin çatışması ve diyalogundaki fay hatlarını karmaşık bir şekilde manevra eden çıkarlara dayalı hareketler ve karşı hamleler, esnek ittifaklar ve karşı ittifaklara dahil olurlar. Bu çalışma, Libya çatışmasının eğilimlerine ve dinamiklerine bakıyor; ilgili taraflar; eylemlerinin arkasındaki gerekçe. Çalışma, krizin çözülmesine, uygun Demobilizasyon, Silahsızlanma ve Yeniden Entegrasyonun uygulanmasına ve federal bir yapı altında güç paylaşımına ilişkin karmaşıklıkların azaltılması için krizdeki gölge partilerin tamamen geri çekilmesini tavsiye etti.

The Legacy of UN Military Intervention and State-building in Libya

Despite the humanitarian justification for the military intervention in Libya, the chaotic political transition has increased perceptions that the NATO campaign was simply a war of “regime change” against Muammar Gaddafi’s rule rather than a model case of successful military intervention to protect civilians.