Human-to-Dog Transmission of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (original) (raw)
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Characterisation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from dogs and their owners
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2007
Ten methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from healthy owners and their pets were characterised by susceptibility testing, staphylococcal chromosome cassette (SCC)mec and agr typing, and detection of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes. Two human and three dog isolates harbouring SCCmec type III appeared to be of hospital origin. The five remaining isolates carried SCCmec type IV, with three being multidrug-resistant. One type IV isolate was PVL-positive and a prototypic agr type 3, typified by strain MW2. This is the first report of this type in association with nasal carriage. Drug resistance may be increasing among community isolates of MRSA.
Veterinary Microbiology, 2014
This study investigated the prevalence of nasal carriage of staphylococci in dogs and determined the characteristics of the isolates. A total of 724 dogs from 87 veterinary practices across the mainland UK were screened for carriage of Staphylococcus spp. All isolates were examined for meticillin resistance (MR) and the presence of the mecA gene investigated in those isolates showing resistance. All coagulase-positive staphylococci and MR coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Spa typing and DNA microarray analysis of resistance and virulence genes was carried out on all MR S. aureus (MRSA) and a subset of meticillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). Staphylococci were isolated from 399 (55.1%) of the dogs; only seven (1%) carried MRSA, all of which were identified as the dominant UK healthcare-associated strain (EMRSA-15, ST22). MSSA was identified in 47 (6.5%) dogs, the sequence types of which have been suggested as precursors to successful MRSA clones. Forty (5.5%) dogs carried MRCoNS, while no dogs carried MR S. pseudintermedius, although this is increasingly reported in mainland Europe. Resistance to antimicrobials among the isolates varied between species, with multidrug resistance (MDR) in 87.5% of MRCoNS and 21.8% of coagulase positive staphylococci. Microarray analysis of MRSA and a subset of MSSA isolates identified numerous virulence genes associated with pathogenesis, which are commonly identified in isolates of human origin. However, no isolates carried Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes. This study suggests that MRSA carriage is low in the vet visiting dog population, but there is a diverse range of virulence and resistance determinants in canine S. aureus and MRCoNS isolates.
TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES
This study aimed to determine the methicillin resistance and some genotypic characteristics of staphylococci in dogs and their owners. A total of 132 swab samples from 33 healthy dogs and their owners were taken. Isolated staphylococci were identified by PCR. The antibiotic sensitivities of the isolates were determined by disc diffusion method. Determination of pvl, mecA, bla, and fem genes and SCCmec types was performed by PCR. Isolates were genotyped according to coa and spa gene polymorphisms by PCR. Fortyfive isolates were identified as Stapyloccoccus spp. Among them, 8 isolates were identified as S. aureus and 23 isolates were identified as S. pseudintermedius. According to the disc diffusion tests, methicillin resistance methicillin-resistant was determined in all S. aureus (MRSA). Among the methicillin-resistant strains, 8 were S. pseudintermedius (MRSP). However, methicillin resistance was determined genotypically in 10 strains and of these 5 were MRSA and 2 were MRSP. Two S. aureus strains and 7 S. pseudintermedius strains were mec A negative but bla positive. No strain carried the fem gene. Ten different coa types were detected among the strains. All MRSA strains carried pvl genes. In conclusion, MRSP should be considered to pose a risk for humans living with dogs or in contact with them.
Review on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Dogs and Cats
International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances
Staphylococcal infection is of major importance in both Human and Animals. Some staphylococcal bacteria are Methicillin-resistant. This paper reviews the current information on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in dogs and cats. Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram positive, non-spore forming coccus. It may be found singly, in pairs, in short chains, or in irregular clusters. The colonies are circular, smooth and glistening. Staphylococcus aureus is a major resident or transient colonizer of the skin and the mucosa of human and primates. These organisms occasionally live on domestic animals, although domestic animals are usually colonized by other species of Staphylococci. When Staphylococcus aureus gains entry into the host, it causes variety of infection, from mild skin infection to life threatening invasive infections. Methicillin resistance exhibited by these organisms is due to the acquisition of mecA gene, that encodes new protein designated PBP2a, belonging to the family of enzymes necessary in building the bacterial cell wall. The protein (PBP2a) has a very low affinity for βlactams antibiotics and confers resistance to Methicillin and the other beta-lactams. In developed countries, companion animals have become an integral part of the household. More than 50% of households in the developed and developing countries have pets hence makes Staphylococcus aureus infection an important zoonotic disease. Methicillin resistance has been reported in Staphylococcal species such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus schleiferi and Staphylococcus sciuri. Colonization and infection in-patients remain the major reservoir of MRSA in hospitals, while aerosols, inanimate objects, domestic animals and pets could act as reservoirs and transmit MRSA to humans. Conclusively, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a condition that needs to be given close surveillance due to the zoonotic importance of these bacterial organisms.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dogs and cats in Switzerland
Schweizer Archiv Fur Tierheilkunde, 2016
Twenty-two methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from various infected locations in domestic cats and dogs between June 2008 and September 2014 were analyzed for their genotype, genetic fingerprint, virulence and antibiotic resistance profile. Eighteen strains belonged to the clonal complex (CC) 22 [ST22(MLST)-A(PFGE)-t032(spa)-IV(SCCmec) and ST22-A-t1214-IV], 2 strains to the livestock-associated MRSA ST398-t011-IV and two were individual strains of ST5-t002-II and ST1-t001-IV. They contained virulence factors such as γ-hemolysins, β-hemolysin converting phage genes, leukocidins and enterotoxins. Most widespread resistances were observed against β-lactams, trimethoprim and fluoroquinolones, but single strains also exhibited resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and/or mupirocin. The predominant presence of CC22 MRSA strongly indicates clonal spread of a human associated lineage in Swiss companion animals. It is therefore of public health importance to maintain a low level of MRSA infections in animals to avoid uncontrolled dissemination of MRSA clones in humans and animals.
UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research, 2023
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are multidrug resistant pathogen of public health concern. It had been reportedly transmitted between individuals and pets in the community. In this study, MRSA was phenotypically detected among dogs and their owners in a small community (Buwaya) in Kaduna state, Nigeria. A total of 63 nasal samples were collected from both dogs and their owners, culture, microscopy and biochemical tests were used to isolate and identify Staphylococcus aureus from the samples. Detection of MRSA isolates was carried out using cefoxitin disc sensitivity testing, a surrogate marker for methicillin resistance. Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method was used for antibiotics testing.The following organisms were isolated: Staphylococcus aureus 13(20.6%), E. coli 14 (22.2%), Coagulase negative Staphylococci 21 (33.3%), Shigella spp 13 (20.6%) and Micrococcus spp 2(3.2%). All the four S. aureus isolates from the dogs were positive for methicillin resistance while 6(66%) of the owners were methicillin resistance positive which showed a total MRSA prevalence of 76.9%. Chloramphenicol (90%) was the most active of all the antibiotics tested followed by cotrimoxazole (80%), doxycycline (70%), ciprofloxacin (70%), gentamicin 60%). The highest level of resistance of the phenotypic MRSA isolates was observed to penicillin (100%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (100%) and tetracycline (30%). In conclusion an alarming phenotypic MRSA prevalence of 76.9% was observed among dogs and their owners, the possibility of transmission of MRSA strains between pets and humans was also observed.
Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococci in Dogs
Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2013
The aim of the study was to investigate the occurence and species distribution of methicillin resistant staphylococci (MRS) in the nasal cavity of dogs. Nasal swabs were collected from 162 dogs entering private veterinary clinics in Hatay. Methicillin resistance was detected onto mannitol salt agar containing 2 µg/ml oxacillin and confirmed by mecA Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Bacterial identification was done using 16S rRNA sequencing. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing of these isolates were determined by multiplex PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed disk diffusion method and antimicrobial resistance genes were determined by PCR. Methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (MRCNS) harbouring mecA were isolated from 15.4% (25/162) of dogs. The species identified were S. epidermidis (n=12), S. lentus (n=6), S. hominis (n=4), S. warneri (n=1), S. arlettae (n=1) and S. haemolyticus (n=1). mecA-mediated methicillin resistance in S. arlettae was described for the first time. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) were not detected. SCCmec type I, II, III and IV were identified in 1, 10, 9 and 5 MRS isolates, respectively. The results indicate that continuous surveillance is necessary to determine the emergence of MRS including MRSA.
PLoS ONE, 2013
The objective of this study was to investigate the dynamics of nasal carriage by Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (SP) among healthy dog-owning household members involved in 7 previous index cases of suspected anthropozoonotic (n = 4) and zoonotic (n = 3) interspecies transmission [4 direct cases, identical SA (n = 3) or SP (n = 1) in owner and dog; three indirect, SP in owner (n = 2) or SA in dog (n = 1)]. Co-carriage with methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) was also evaluated. Sixteen owners and 10 dogs were sampled once every three months for one year. In total, 50 SA and 31 SP were analysed by MLST, and SA also by spa typing. All isolates were subjected to ApaI/SmaI-PFGE and antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles were determined. All index owners were persistent SA carriers in all direct-anthropozoonotic transmission cases, while only one dog was persistent SA carrier. Owner and dog exhibited a persistent SP carriage status in the direct-zoonotic transmission case. SP was maintained in the index human over time in one indirect-zoonotic transmission case. Only one SP was methicillin-resistant. SA belonged to genetic backgrounds of MRSA pandemic clones: CC45, CC121, CC30, CC5 and CC398. Three individuals carried a MSSA t1451-ST398 clone with the erm(T)-cadD/cadX resistance genes. SA or SP were persistently detected in the nasal cavity of 7 (43.8%) and 2 (12.5%) owners, and in one and 2 dogs, respectively. SA was recovered as the single species in 10 owners and in one dog; SP in 3 owners and 4 dogs; and both bacterial species in one owner and 4 dogs. Co-carriage of SA or SP with MRCoNS isolates was common (30.7%). This is the first study on the dynamics of nasal carriage of SA and SP in healthy pet-owning household members. Dog-contact may play a role in the staphylococcal species distribution of in-contact individuals.
Antibiotics
The aim of this study was to present molecular and antimicrobial resistance characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clonal complex (CC) 398 isolated from diseased dogs and cats in Thailand. A total of 20 MRSA isolates of 134 Staphylococcus aureus isolated from canine and feline clinical samples during 2017–2020 were CC398, consisting of sequence type (ST) 398 (18 isolates), ST5926 (1 isolate), and ST6563 (1 isolate) by multilocus sequence typing. spa t034 and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) V were predominantly associated with ST398. Intraclonal differentiation was present by additional spa (t1255, t4653), non-detectable spa, composite SCCmec with a hybrid of ccrA1B1+ccrC and class A mec complex, and DNA fingerprints by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The isolates essentially carried antimicrobial resistance genes, mediating multiple resistance to β-lactams (mecA, blaZ), tetracyclines [tet(M)], aminoglycosides [aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2′)-Ia], ...