Analysis of the indoor propagation losses for the portable phone "Pointel (original) (raw)
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9th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (IEEE Cat. No.03EX732)
Base antenna height Mobile antenna height Cell radius Cell area Total number of cell Requirement vector x 1.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.1a 3.1b 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 5.1 LIST OF FIGURES Cellular System Geometry for calculating the reflection coefficients Knife edge diffraction geometry Illustration of Fresnel Zones for different knife edge diffraction scenarios Power flux density at a distance d from a radiator Illustration ofthe circuit model The predicted path-loss Vs. distance The Dhaka map shows the measuring positions (.) and the Grameen phone base stations W The measured path-loss Vs. distance The comparison of propagation path-losses between in Dhaka, in Bangkok in Tokyo, and in New York Cell plan for Dhaka City
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International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation (IRECAP), 2014
This work reports a series of measurements of the attenuation of UMTS and GSM mobile phone signal by buildings structures in the city of Rome. The context of the research is the concern about the exposure of the population resident in the buildings to electromagnetic fields emitted by the radio base stations of the mobile phone radio access network. The aim of the research is to analyze a conservative method of measurement for the outdoor-to-indoor attenuation. The measurement method takes intrinsically into account the presence of apertures like doors and windows on the wall of the buildings, the materials around the apertures and within the buildings. The measurements of attenuation are carried out by instrumentations able to demodulate the radio base station antennas RF carriers. Four different topologies of urban buildings are considered: reinforced concrete buildings, buildings between late 1800 and early 1900th century, historical buildings in the inner Rome and steel and glass buildings structures. Measurements of electromagnetic attenuation are in the range 6 -27 dB. A numerical analysis of the attenuation of apertures like door/windows has been computed and the results discussed. The results show that the attenuation depends on the material of the walls and by the objects indoor located.
Radioelectronics and Communications Systems, 2021
In this research we present the measured path loss values in typical urban and suburban areas at the operating frequency of 3.5 GHz. The measurements are carried out using the spectrum analyzer FSH6 in order to record the channel response. The values of path loss exponent n are calculated for urban and suburban environments. We also compare and analyze the path loss predictions with the measured data. The results of this research confirm that in urban areas the path loss estimation is influenced according to the greater distances. At the beginning of the measurements in urban environment the losses are equal 23 dB after 18 m from the measurement survey. The analysis of measurements centers on anticipating the normal signal quality at the collector set at the given remove from the transmitter as well as the changeability of the signal quality in the specific environment. The acquired from this work results are salutary for planning and installation of any base station with similar to the thoughtful locations environments in order to supply rules for cell arranging of remote communication frameworks as path loss could be a key in calculations within the plan of any radio communications framework system.
Relative Permittivity Based Model for GSM Signal Loss in Buildings
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2018
This paper presents path loss models based on extensive propagation measurements performed at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz in a modern indoor office layout typical of small and medium-sized businesses, namely: the open-space office. Measurements were conducted using a vector network analyzer which covers frequencies up to 6 GHz, and ultra-wideband omnidirectional vertically-polarized antennas. The data were recorded under the same conditions and with the same antennas for both 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz. 940 transmitter-receiver location and height combinations were studied, as well as antenna configurations in both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight. A second measurement campaign was conducted to quantify the variation amount on the expected power loss in realistic scenarios that include the effect of people movement and showed that the mean path loss further increases by up to 4 dB due to people's presence and movement, with variations up to 9 dB when the activity level is high.
Indoor path loss model for 4G wireless network at 2.6 GHz
2015 1st International Conference on Telematics and Future Generation Networks (TAFGEN), 2015
In this paper, a short-range, narrowband indoor propagation at 2.6 GHz was measured and modeled. The measurement campaign was conducted to characterize the path loss (PL) of Radio frequency (RF) at the Razak School building corridor. The corridor has unique structure and segmented in different sections. The irregular structure of corridor, further with various interior material used gives the unique characterization to the received power. The research work made in this paper is predominately targets to characterizing radio link of 2.6 GHz frequency in typical indoor corridor.
Performance Study of the Radio Frequency Radiation Power Density of Mobile Base Station
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Since 2003 the number of mobile phone subscribers extraordinary increased in Iraq. All over the world there is a tremendously growing in cellular communication systems resulted in increasing the number of mobile phones and mobile base stations. This distribution of mobile base stations in dense populated areas, near schools and hospitals has raised the public concern about possible health hazards. The ministry of environment/ Iraq in 2010 has set guidelines to perform measurements of the electromagnetic fields radiated from base stations used in mobile phone networks. In this study the electromagnetic power density radiated from mobile base station (downlink) and mobile phones to base station (uplink) were measured by TEMS software. This tool simplifies the prediction and measurement of electromagnetic power density. The measurements were conducted within 300 meters from the mast of the major GSM service provider in Kirkuk city. The obtained data were analyzed for uplink and downlink. The measured values then were compared with the antenna prediction pattern and with the employed safety guidelines to ensure compliance with these limits. All the measured values were within the limits.
Universal Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2015
Building penetration loss at 1900 MHz bands in suburban environment is evaluated. The measurements are conducted in real Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks. Four buildings are studied aiming to provide first-order statistics of mobile signal coverage inside buildings. Results show that, on average, no significant signal band dependency has been confirmed. In general, UMTS-1900 MHz signals exhibit slight higher penetration loss values than GSM-1900 MHz signals. Analysis shows that the mean building penetration loss for all measured signals at the ground floor is about 16 dB. The standard deviation of building penetration loss was about 4.5 dB for wideband signals and 2.5 dB for narrowband signals. Results show also that, the average rate of change in building penetration loss with height is 0.95 dB per meter for wideband signals versus 0.65 dB per meter for narrowband signals.
Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal
This investigation deals with the identification of the suitable empirical models for predicting radio wave propagation path losses in Erbil city of Kurdistan region in Iraq. For this purpose, two sites of Korek Telecom operating at 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz have been selected at urban and suburban environments in the city and seven different empirical path loss model named free space model, ECC-33, Stanford Interim University (SUI), Optimized Cost-231, Okumura-Hata, Egli, and Ericson models are tested against experimentally measured path loss values. The path loss was measured experimentally using Sony Ericson handset with complete required equipment and the results are compared to that predicted by each of the mentioned empirical models. The results which have been analyzed through the identification of Root Mean Square Error value achieved by each model revealed that the Optimized Cost-231 and Ericson model provide lowest Root Mean Square Error values.
Wireless Personal Communications, 2005
In this work numerical simulation and measurements of three-dimensional radiation patterns of a mobile handset model in the presence of a human head phantom were performed at 1800 MHz. Based on theoretical and experimental results, the influence of the human head on the radiation efficiency of the handset has been investigated as a function of the handset size and the distance between the head and the handset during its operation. Furthermore, the relative amount of the electromagnetic power absorbed in the head has been obtained. It was found that significant reduction of the absorbed power (about 50%) with proportional increment of the handset radiation efficiency could be achieved by moving the phone for 1 cm only away from the head. Agreement between theoretical and experimental results was found to be very good.