Anemia in Pregnancy-Consequences and Challenges: A Review of Literature (original) (raw)
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“Anemia during Pregnancy and Its Prevalence”
Primary Care [Working Title], 2021
Anemia is a serious health issue throughout the world affecting both sexes of any age group. This nutritional disease is more common among the pregnant women of developing countries, where it is a major cause of maternal death and negative outcome of pregnancy. Among all anemic types, IDA is most prevalent one and is comprises of about 95% of all anemic cases around the world. In many developing countries it is more common in women of low socio-economic background and with no record of antenatal checkup. There is need for further health educational programs to overcome anemia especially for pregnant females.
Risk Factors for the Anemia in Pregnant Women: A Literature Review
Nurse & Health, 2022
Background: Anemia in pregnancy is still a global public health problem and is the largest contributor to morbidity and mortality. Some studies report that risk factors for anemia vary from place to place, so more in-person observations are needed regarding anemia risk factors. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the risk factors of anemia in pregnant women. Methods of using literature review studies. Design: This study design is a literature review to search and review article from database and the theory which is descriptive. Data Sources: Search for scientific articles using the Mendeley application by entering the keyword "Risk Factors, Anemia, Pregnancy" with Published year 2018-2021, English and Indonesian, full text, National journal has ISSN and open access. Review Methods: The literature review method using narrative review based on inclusion criteria, namely articles discussing anemia in pregnant women, published in 20158-202, International and National Publications, having ISSN National Journals, Articles using English, original articles, full text and open access. While the Exception Criteria for Articles other than English, type of research literature review and RCT, articles are then collected and a journal summary is made containing the name of the researcher, the year the journal was published, the title of the study, the method and a summary of the results or findings. The summary of research journals is entered into a table according to the format, and 10 articles are eligible. Results: From the 10 selected articles, it can be concluded that the risk factors for anemia, especially in developing countries, are multifactorial, including micro-iron deficiency, folate, and vitamins A and B12 as well as anemia due to parasitic infections such as malaria and hookworms or chronic infections such as TB, HIV, parasites. intestines, infection of working mothers (farmers), contaminated drinking water sources, consumption of coffee/tea and diet. Meanwhile, other factors in Indonesia are unfavorable geographical location, level of education, lack of public awareness of health, socioeconomic situation, parity (number of children), and chronic energy shortages (KEK). Conclusion: Anemia is still a global health problem and still has to be addressed, especially in developing countries. Therefore, efforts are needed to better understand the main causes of anemia, including iron deficiency as well as other nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and Hb disorders related to anemia so that appropriate action can be given. Biochemical measurement of micronutrients (especially iron and Vitamin A), inflammatory signs in addition to hematological index when assessing anemia clinically are also urgently needed
Prevalence of Anemia in Pregnancy
Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research, 2020
Background: Anemia among pregnant women is a serious global health concern. According to WHO report, about 32.4 million pregnant women suffer from anemia worldwide, of which 0.8 million women are severely anemic. The aim of the present study is to find out the prevalence of anemia in antenatal women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of civil hospital Jaisinghpur, Kangra, HP, India for a period of three months between January 2020 to March 2020. A total 299 pregnant women coming to our antenatal OPD were screened for anemia. Results: Maximum number of anemic patients are seen in age group of 25-29 years (42.45%) and least in age group <20 years (3.60%). Of all the anemic antenatal women 12.23% were illiterate, primary and secondary educated 28.78% and 28.85% respectively and 20.14% were graduate and above. Maximum percentage of anemia was seen in the lower socioeconomic status (46.76%) followed by middle (35.25%) and was lowest in the higher socioeconomic status group (17.99%) Conclusion: Distributing iron tablets, healthy dietary habits, spacing among children and educating women are some of the modalities which can decrease the incidence of anemia.
Factors associated with the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy: A scoping review
Journal of Health Technology Assessment in Midwifery
Backgroud: Anemia initially begins with low hemoglobin with respect to the number and quality of healthy red blood cells decrease. It thereby reduces the oxygen transported in the tissues. Anemia is one of the main causes of maternal morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. During pregnancy, the expansion of red blood cell mass increases oxygen transport and iron transfer to the placenta and the fetus. Purpose: This study seeks to determine the factors associated with the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women. Method: The method used consisted of five stages of the identification of scooping review questions with the PEOS framework (Population, Exposure, Outcomes, Study). The identification of relevant articles was carried out usingdatabases such as Wiley Online Library, PubMed, andProQuest. Article selection employedThe Joana Briggs Institute, data charting as well as arranging, summarizing, and reporting the results. Results: From 105 articles, 44 articles w...
Anemia in Pregnancy a Study of Karachi in a Tertiary Care Centre
Anemia is one of the common medical conditions in pregnancy. The World Health Organization (WHO) describes anemia in pregnancy as hemoglobin levels less than 11.0 g/dl. According to the 2008 report of WHO, 1.62 billion (24.8%) people are affected globally from anemia. This situation is more serious in developing countries where around 60% of the pregnant women are anemic. Objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy at the Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, a tertiary care center. A Hospital based study was designed, where women delivered at the Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi between the periods June 2012 to June 2013 were enrolled in this study. Hemoglobin was assessed for all pregnant women categorized as anemic on the basis of severity. Data was gathered with regard to their antenatal progress and factors influencing anemia in pregnancy. Descriptive statistics was done and the Chi square test was performed to examine the relationship between outcome variables (anemic/noanemic) and other independent variables. One hundred and twenty (24%) pregnant women were found anemic. Among these seventy two were mild anemic (60%), while thirty percent (36) were moderately anemic and remaining twelve (10%) were severely anemic. Seventy seven percent was identified to have iron deficiency anemia. Anemia was significantly related with lower age group (18 -29 years), low income, greater family size, underweight and previous history of anemia. The study showed that iron deficiency anemia is the most common cause of anemia in pregnancy and is a chief public health issue in developing countries.
Major Risk Factors Predicting Anemia Development during Pregnancy: Unmatched-Case Control Study
Abstract Background: Anemia in pregnancy is associated with increased rates of maternal and perinatal mortality, premature delivery and other adverse outcomes. Hence, identifying anemia predicting risk factors in high-risk groups such as pregnant women is essential for problem based intervention modalities, particularly for developing countries. The aim of this study was to identify the major risk factors predictive of anemia development during pregnancy in Hawassa and Yirgalem cities located in Sidama Zone, Ethiopia. Methods: Unmatched case-control study, involving 561 pregnant women who initiated antenatal care follow up during their first trimester, was conducted from February to March 2011. Socio-demographic, hemoglobin level, obstetric and medical data of the study participants were collected using pre-tested well-structured questionnaire and reviewing antenatal care follow up record cards of each pregnant woman. Hemoglobin level <11 g/dl was used to define anemia during pregnancy. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to find predictors of anemia, P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The major predicting risk factors for occurrence of anemia among pregnant women were, lower educational level (AOR=3.3, 95% CI: 1.3-8.0, P=0.007), prolonged menstruation period 6-8 days before the index pregnancy (AOR=3.1, 95% CI: 1.6-5.9., P=0.001), intestinal parasitic infection (AOR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.4-8.1, P=0.000), gastritis with duodenal ulcer bleeding (AOR=3.87, 95% CI: 1.8-8.0, P=0.000) and not taking meat/organ meats (AOR=2.8, 95% CI: 1.3-6.1, P=0.008). Conclusions: Family illiteracy, intestinal parasitic infection, duration of menstrual bleeding, gastritis with duodenal ulcer bleeding, and inadequate intake of organ meats were identified as strong predicting risk factors of anemia among pregnant women. Therefore, to reduce maternal mortality, the overall anemia prevention strategy in pregnant women should promote community-based health education to low educated families, mass de-worming of intestinal parasites and focused counseling for those women who have prolonged menstruation and peptic ulcer diseases.
Incidence and outcome of anemia in pregnant women: a study in a tertiary care centre
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2018
Background: Anemia is one of the most common nutritional deficiency diseases observed globally affecting both developed and developing countries with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development. Prevention and management of maternal anemia is crucial to prevent morbidity and mortality of the fetus.Methods: The patient history was taken in detail, including age weight and height. BMI was calculated for all the 296 patients who were booked for delivery in our hospital. On enrolment, blood was drawn from the patient for regular check including blood grouping, biochemical parameters including iron estimation, total iron binding capacity, complete blood picture including hemoglobin. Any cause for bleeding was evaluated.Results: 143 patients (48.3%) had a haemoglobin count of less than 10gm%. Most of the anemic patients had moderate anemia followed by women with mild anemia. The most common age group affected was 20-30 years, which was the predominant ag...
Background: Anemia is one of the common medical conditions among pregnant women. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia among pregnant females attending the Family Medicine Department (FMD) at KFAFH and to assess the risk factors contributing to it during pregnancy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among all pregnant women who visited the FMD at KFAFH on Monday. Results: The prevalence of anemia was observed to be 409 (40%). Maternal anemia was significantly associated with some risk factors, such as the gravidity, gestational age, antenatal care visit, history of abortion, history of bleeding in the current pregnancy, iron and folic acid supplements consumption, and planning of pregnancy were statistically significant between anemic and non-anemic women. However, we noticed that the age group and BMI were not statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). Conclusions: To summarize, there is a significantly high prevalence of anemia among pregnant women who visited FMD in KFAFH, and such associated risk factors were determined.
Prevalence of Anemia in Pregnant Women
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2022
Aim: To determine the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in Punjab. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, DHQ Hospital, Faisalabad from 1st October 2021 to 31st March 2022. Methodology: One hundred and fifty pregnant females were enrolled, clinically assessed for their anemic status and were divided into two groups in reference to suspicion of anemia. Group A had those pregnant females who were suspected for anemia while group B were with no suspicion of anemia. Both Group A and Group B had 75 pregnant females. The complete blood count and serum analysis of ferritin, iron and folic acid was performed in each patient after withdrawal of 5cc blood. The demographic details of each patient as well as dietary habits in context of meat, fruit and vegetables from last month were also documented. Results: There were 37.3% pregnant females within suspected anemia group while 36% pregnant females in no suspected anemia gr...