Flavonoids as chemotaxonomic markers for Asteraceae (original) (raw)
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Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2007
Flavonóides são considerados bons marcadores químicos da família Asteraceae. Nesse artigo 4700 ocorrências de flavonóides (cerca de 800 substâncias) foram utilizadas em um sistema especialista desenvolvido para estudos taxonômicos. Através do uso de Mapas Auto-Organizáveis foram estabelecidas relações filogenéticas entre as subfamílias e as tribos de Asteraceae, as quais foram classificadas com base no número de ocorrências e nos padrões de oxidação de flavonóides. Os resultados obtidos permitiram a diferenciação das duas subfamílias de Asteraceae a correlação de tribos na subfamília Cichiroideae de acordo com a árvore topológica proposta por Karis o agrupamento de tribos de acordo com a árvore baseada em dados de CpDNA proposta por Jansen e separar as subtribos de Asteroideae bem como as tribos de acordo com o grau de metoxilação x glicosilação de flavonóides. A partir desses resultados pode-se afirmar que o método descrito com dados químicos pode ser utilizado como uma ferramenta complementar na classificação de plantas.
A Phylogenetic Analysis of Tribes of the Asteraceae Based on Phytochemical Data
Natural product communications
This work describes the first phylogenetic analysis of the entire Asteraceae based only on chemical data. The data matrix used in this study was based on a large chemical database comprising ~400 skeletal types of terpenes, coumarins, flavonoids, benzofurans and polyacetylenes isolated from the family. Hypotheses about the relationships among tribes are discussed based on the chemical data and compared with relationships inferred from the morphological and macromolecular based classifications.
Chemotaxonomic value of flavonoids in Chromolaena congesta (Asteraceae)
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2017
The phytochemical investigation on the aerial parts of Chromolaena congesta led to the isolation of nine flavonoids, known in the literature as genkwanin (1) kumatakenin (2) acacetin (3), kaempferol 3-methyl ether (4), apigenin (5), apigenin 5,7-dimethyl ether (6), apigenin 5-methyl ether (7), luteolin (8) and kaempferol (9). The chemical structures were established on the basis of spectral evidence. All the compounds were isolated from this species for the first time. The results from the present study provide further information about the flavonoids as taxonomic marker of the genus Chromolaena, and the chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds were also summarized.
Flavonoids as chemosystematic markers in the tribe Cichorieae of the Asteraceae
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2010
This review summarizes reports on flavonoids from the Cichorieae (Lactuceae) tribe of the Asteraceae family. A total of 135 different compounds have been reported from 354 taxa belonging to 299 species, including many cultivars of common vegetables like chicory and lettuce. The reported compounds encompass flavanones (11 compounds), flavanonols (2 compounds), flavones (72 compounds), flavonols (35 compounds), anthocyanidins (9 compounds), isoflavonoids (2 compounds), chalcones (3 compounds), and an aurone. So far only 43 of the approximately 100 currently recognized genera of the tribe Cichorieae have been investigated for the occurrence of flavonoids. The distribution of the various classes of flavonoids is analyzed with regards to data from the current molecular-based reassessment of the systematics of the tribe.
Flavonoid analysis of european species of the genus Hypochoeris (Asteraceae)
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 1991
A comparative flavonoid analysis was undertaken on eight European species of the genus Hypochoeris and revealed two major chemotypes, with either luteolin or isoetin as the major flavone. Intrastational and, each time it could be assessed, interstational variability was extremely low against the clear specific flavonoid patterns; this allows establishment of a flavonoid determintion-key of these species. The two cytotypes of H. maculata are clearly discriminated as each falls within one of the two major chemotypes.
FLAVONOIDS FROM ASTRAGALUS GENUS
In this review our main focus is on flavonoid groups which are one of the main active constituents found with other active constituents like saponins and polysaccharides, while poisonous groups are nitro-compounds, indolizidine alkaloids and the seleniferous derivatives in Astragalus genus. It is well established fact that flavonoid possess many biological activity such as antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiviral, antioxidant anticancer including anticarcinogenic and prodifferentiative activities. Many flavonoids, including those which are phytoalexins, provide plants with a defense against viral infections. The estrogenic action of many isoflavones is well known and mixtures of flavonoids are commonly used commercially to reduce capillary fragility. Astragalus root is a very old and well known drug in traditional Chinese medicine and have been used to improve resistance to infections and to aid in immunological disorders and viral infections, and also used as hepatoprotective, heart tonic, nephritis and diabetes. This review reports all flavonoids isolated till date which is nearly about 131 from 60 species of Astragalus genus; these flavonoid are further characterized and classified into flavones, flavonols, flavanones, flavan-4-ols, isoflavones, isoflavans, petrocarpans and miscellaneous.
Flavonol glycosides from Asplenium foreziense and its five related taxa and A. incisum
Biochemical systematics and ecology, 2000
The #avonoids of Asplenium foreziense, A. fontanum subsp. fontanum and subsp. pseudofontanum, A. obovatum subsp. obovatum var. obovatum and var. protobillotii, A. obovatum subsp. lanceolatum, and A. incisum were isolated and identi"ed for chemotaxonomic survey. A major constituent of all taxa was kaempferol 3-O-gentiobioside. As minor compounds, kaempferol 3,7-O-glycoside and/or kaempferol 3-O-glycoside were found in A. fontanum, A. obovatum and A. foreziense, and kaempferol 3-O-gentiobioside-4-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside and quercetin 3-O-diglucoside in A. incisum. It was suggested that A. foreziense, A. fontanum including subsp. pseudofontanum and A. obovatum including subsp. lanceolatum are not only morphologically but also chemotaxonomically related. The East Asian A. incisum was chemically and geographically di!erent from these taxa.
Proceedings of MOL2NET 2017, International Conference on Multidisciplinary Sciences, 3rd edition, 2017
The Asteraceae family belongs to the Asterales order, it consists of approximately 1,600 genera and 24,000 species, divided into 12 subfamilies and 44 tribes, is one of the largest families of angiosperms in the world. Asteraceae is remarkable the presence of flavonoids, these have the necessary requirements to be used successfully in chemotaxonomy because are found in abundance in the Asteraceae, presents structural diversity, are stable structures and relatively easy to identify, therefore can be used as taxonomic markers. The aim of this study is to classify Asteraceae tribes based on the number of occurrences of flavonoids from our in-house databank (available at www.sistematx.ufpb.br) using descriptors calculated by DRAGON 7.0 software. The 2371 botanical occurrences with respective 74 molecular fragment descriptors were used as input data in SOM Toolbox 2.0 (Matlab) to generate Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs), classifying four tribes: tribes Anthemideae (A), Gnaphalieae (G), Tageteae (T) and Senecioneae (S). Some descriptors show higher contribution to differentiate the flavonoids: RFD, nCIC and NNRS. Since these SOM are built based on physicochemical properties, so it is possible to use this tool in the search for flavonoids with potential biological activities with the respective taxonomic information.
Flavonoids from the genus Astragalus: Phytochemistry and biological activity
Pharmacognosy Reviews, 2016
Flavonoids, the most common plant polyphenols are widely distributed in every species and possess a broad range of pharmacological activities. The genus Astragalus is the largest in the Fabaceae family with more than 2,500 species spread. They are known to contain different metabolites such as flavonoids, saponins, and polysaccharides. Plants from the genus have been used in the traditional medicine of many countries for centuries. This paper is focused on the large group of flavonoid compounds. Details on structure as well as information about the pharmacological properties of flavonoids, isolated from Astragalus species have been discussed. This review is based on publications until the first half of 2014 and includes also the results from our phytochemical investigations of the genus.
Exudate flavonoids in three Persian Asteraceae species
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 1991
Key Word Index--Artemisia o/iveriana; Pu/icaria gnaphalodes; Tanaceturn polycepha/urn; Asteraceae; Anthemideae; Inuleae; exudate flavonoids. Abstract--Aereal parts of three Asteraceae from Iran have been analysed for exudate flavonoids. Artemisia oliveriana, Pulicaria gnaphalodes and Tanaceturn polycephalum are shown to accumulate mostly 6-methoxylated flavonols and flavones as external aglycones.